Cathrine Elisabeth Fagernes

• Lai, Floriana; Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Bernier, Nicholas J; Miller, Gabrielle; Munday, Philip L & Jutfelt, Fredrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Responses of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity related genes to elevated CO2 levels in the brain of three teleost species. Biology Letters. ISSN 1744-9561. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0240. Full text in Research Archive
• Lai, Floriana; Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Bernier, Nicholas J; Miller, Gabrielle; Munday, Philip L & Nilsson, Göran Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Responses of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity related genes to elevated CO2 levels in the brain of three teleost species. Biology Letters. ISSN 1744-9561. 13(8). doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0240. Show summary

  The continuous increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere resulting in ocean acidification has been reported to affect brain function in some fishes. During adulthood, cell proliferation is fundamental for fish brain growth and for it to adapt in response to external stimuli, such as environmental changes. Here we report the first expression study of genes regulating neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in brains of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), cinnamon anemonefish (Amphiprion melanopus) and spiny damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) exposed to elevated CO2. The mRNA expression levels of the neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD) and doublecortin (DCX) were upregulated in three-spined stickleback exposed to high-CO2 compared with controls, while no changes were detected in the other species. The mRNA expression levels of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) remained unaffected in the high-CO2 exposed groups compared to the control in all three species. These results indicate a species-specific regulation of genes involved in neurogenesis in response to elevated ambient CO2 levels. The higher expression of NeuroD and DCX mRNA transcripts in the brain of high-CO2–exposed three-spined stickleback, together with the lack of effects on mRNA levels in cinnamon anemonefish and spiny damselfish, indicate differences in coping mechanisms among fish in response to the predicted-future CO2 level.

• Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Stensløkken, Kåre-Olav; Kjendseth, Åsmund Røhr; Berenbrink, Michael; Ellefsen, Stian & Nilsson, Göran Erik (2017). Extreme anoxia tolerance in crucian carp and goldfish through neofunctionalization of duplicated genes creating a new ethanol- producing pyruvate decarboxylase pathway. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07385-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Lai, Floriana; Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Jutfelt, Fredrik & Nilsson, Göran Erik (2016). Expression of genes involved in brain GABAergic neurotransmission in three-spined stickleback exposed to near-future CO2. Conservation Physiology. ISSN 2051-1434. 4(1). doi: 10.1093/conphys/cow068.
• Ellefsen, Stian; Vikmoen, Olav; Zacharoff, Erika; Rauk, Irene; Slettaløkken, Gunnar & Hammarström, Daniel [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2014). Reliable determination of training-induced alterations in muscle fiber composition in human skeletal muscle using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 24(4), p. e332–e342. doi: 10.1111/sms.12185. Show summary

  Determination of muscle fiber composition in human skeletal muscle biopsies is often performed using immunohistochemistry, a method that tends to be both time consuming, technically challenging, and complicated by limited availability of tissue. Here, we introduce quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based Gene-family profiling (GeneFam) of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNA expression as a high-throughput, sensitive, and reliable alternative. We show that GeneFam and immunohistochemistry result in similar disclosures of alterations in muscle fiber composition in biopsies from musculus vastus lateralis and musculus biceps brachii of previously untrained young women after 12 weeks of progressive strength training. The adaptations were evident as (a) consistent increases in MyHC2A abundance; (b) consistent decreases in MyHC2X abundance; and (c) consistently stable MyHC1 abundance, and were not found using traditional reference gene-based qRT-PCR analyses. Furthermore, muscle fiber composition found using each of the two approaches was correlated with each other (r = 0.50, 0.74, and 0.78 for MyHC1, A, and X, respectively), suggesting that GeneFam may be suitable for ranking of individual muscle phenotype, particularly for MyHC2 fibers. In summary, GeneFam of MyHC mRNA resulted in reliable assessment of alterations in muscle fiber composition in skeletal muscle of previously untrained women after 12 weeks of strength training.

• Stecyk, Jonathan Anthony William; Couturier, Christine; Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Ellefsen, Stian & Nilsson, Göran Erik (2012). Quantification of heat shock protein mRNA expression in warm and cold anoxic turtles (Trachemys scripta) using an external RNA control for normalization. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D:Genomics and Proteomics. ISSN 1744-117X. 7(1), p. 59–72. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2011.11.001.
• Hildahl, Jon; Sandvik, Guro Katrine; Edvardsen, Rolf; Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Norberg, Birgitta & Haug, Trude M [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Identification and gene expression analysis of three GnRH genes in female Atlantic cod during puberty provides insight into GnRH variant gene loss in fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology. ISSN 0016-6480. 172(3), p. 458–467. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.010.
• Ellefsen, Stian; Stensløkken, Kåre-Olav; Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Kristensen, Tom & Nilsson, Gøran Erik (2009). Expression of genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in anoxic crucian carp brain (Carassius carassius). Physiological Genomics. ISSN 1094-8341. 36(2), p. 61–68. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.90301.2008.

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• Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Ellefsen, Stian & Nilsson, Göran Erik (2014). Molecular background of ethanol production in anoxia tolerant fish. Akademika forlag. ISSN 1501-7710.
• Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Ellefsen, Stian & Nilsson, Göran Erik (2008). Molecular background to ethanol production in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Universitetet i Oslo.

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