Bastiaan Star

• Ruiz-Puerta, Emily J.; Keighley, Xénia; Desjardins, Sean P. A.; Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte; Pan, Shyong En & Star, Bastiaan [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Holocene deglaciation drove rapid genetic diversification of Atlantic walrus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 290(2007). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1349. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kersten, Oliver Sven; Star, Bastiaan; Krabberød, Anders Kristian; Atmore, Lane; Tørresen, Ole K. & Anker-Nilssen, Tycho [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Hybridization of Atlantic puffins in the Arctic coincides with 20th-century climate change. Science Advances. ISSN 2375-2548. 9(40). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1407. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Arctic is experiencing the fastest rates of global warming,leading to shifts in the distribution of its biota and increasing the potential for hybridization. However, genomic evidenc eof recent hybridization events in the Arctic remains unexpectedly rare. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing of contemporary and 122-year-old historical specimens to investigate the origin of an Arctic hybrid population of Atlantic puffins(Fratercula arctica) on Bjørnøya, Norway. We show that the hybridization between the High Arctic, large-bodied subspecies F.a. naumanni and the temperate, smaller-sized subspecies F.a. arctica began as recently as six generations ago due to an unexpected southward range expansion of F.a. naumanni. Moreover, we find a significant temporal loss of genetic diversity across Arctic and temperate puffin populations.Our observations provide compelling genomic evidence of the impacts of recent distributional shifts and loss of diversity in Arctic communities during the 20th century.

• Reid, Brendan N.; Star, Bastiaan & Pinsky, Malin L. (2023). Detecting parallel polygenic adaptation to novel evolutionary pressure in wild populations: a case study in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8436. 378(1881), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0190. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Martinez Garcia, Lourdes; Ferrari, Giada; Hufthammer, Anne Karin; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Jentoft, Sissel & Barrett, James Harold [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Ancient DNA reveals a southern presence of the Northeast Arctic cod during the Holocene. Biology Letters. ISSN 1744-9561. 18(5). doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0021. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Atmore, Lane Margaret; Ferrari, Giada; Martinez Garcia, Lourdes; van der Jagt, Inge; Blevis, Rachel & Granado, José [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Ancient DNA sequence quality is independent of fish bone weight. Journal of Archaeological Science. ISSN 0305-4403. 149. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2022.105703. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oosting, Tom; Martinez Garcia, Lourdes; Ferrari, Giada; Verry, Alexander J. F.; Scarsbrook, Lachie & Rawlence, Nicolas J. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Mitochondrial genomes reveal mid-Pleistocene population divergence, and post-glacial expansion, in Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus). Heredity. ISSN 0018-067X. 130, s. 30–39. doi: 10.1038/s41437-022-00579-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Atmore, Lane Margaret; Martinez Garcia, Lourdes; Makowiecki, Daniel; André, Carl; Lõugas, Lembi & Barrett, James [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Population dynamics of Baltic herring since the Viking Age revealed by ancient DNA and genomics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 119(45). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2208703119. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Martinez Garcia, Lourdes; Ferrari, Giada; Cuevas, Angelica; Atmore, Lane Margaret; López-Arias, Begoña & Culling, Mark [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Ancient DNA evidence for the ecological globalization of cod fishing in medieval and post-medieval Europe. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 289(1985). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1107. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Leigh, Deborah M.; Kersten, Oliver Sven; Star, Bastiaan; Anker-Nilssen, Tycho; Burnham, Kurt & Johnson, Jeff [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Sympatry of genetically distinct Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) in the High Arctic. IBIS. ISSN 0019-1019. 165(3), s. 1022–1030. doi: 10.1111/ibi.13153. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Matschiner, Michael; Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Tørresen, Ole K.; Star, Bastiaan; Baalsrud, Helle Tessand & Brieuc, Marine Servane Ono [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Supergene origin and maintenance in Atlantic cod. Nature Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2397-334X. 6(4), s. 469–481. doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01661-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barrett, James; Khamaiko, Natalia; Ferrari, Giada; Cuevas, Angelica; Kneale, Catherine & Hufthammer, Anne Karin [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Walruses on the Dnieper: new evidence for the intercontinental trade of Greenlandic ivory in the Middle Ages. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 289(1972), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2773. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Trucchi, Emiliano; Benazzo, Andrea; Lari, Martina; Iob, Alice; Vai, Stefania & Nanni, Laura [Vis alle 25 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Ancient genomes reveal early Andean farmers selected common beans while preserving diversity. Nature Plants. ISSN 2055-026X. 7, s. 123–128. doi: 10.1038/s41477-021-00848-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ferrari, Giada; Atmore, Lane Margaret; Jentoft, Sissel; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Makowiecki, Daniel & Barrett, James [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). An accurate assignment test for extremely low-coverage whole-genome sequence data. Molecular Ecology Resources. ISSN 1755-098X. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13551. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pinsky, Malin L.; Eikeset, Anne Maria; Helmerson, Cecilia Jenny Margareta Thomas; Bradbury, Ian R.; Bentzen, Paul & Morris, Corey [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Genomic stability through time despite decades of exploitation in cod on both sides of the Atlantic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 118(15). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2025453118. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kersten, Oliver; Star, Bastiaan; Leigh, Deborah M.; Anker-Nilssen, Tycho; Strøm, Hallvard & Danielsen, Jóhannis [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Complex population structure of the Atlantic puffin revealed by whole genome analyses. Communications Biology. ISSN 2399-3642. 4. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02415-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The factors underlying gene flow and genomic population structure in vagile seabirds are notoriously difficult to understand due to their complex ecology with diverse dispersal barriers and extensive periods at sea. Yet, such understanding is vital for conservation management of seabirds that are globally declining at alarming rates. Here, we elucidate the population structure of the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) by assembling its reference genome and analyzing genome-wide resequencing data of 72 individuals from 12 colonies. We identify four large, genetically distinct clusters, observe isolation-by-distance between colonies within these clusters, and obtain evidence for a secondary contact zone. These observations disagree with the current taxonomy, and show that a complex set of contemporary biotic factors impede gene flow over different spatial scales. Our results highlight the power of whole genome data to reveal unexpected population structure in vagile marine seabirds and its value for seabird taxonomy, evolution and conservation.

• Martinez Garcia, Lourdes; Ferrari, Giada; Oosting, Tom; Ballantyne, Rachel; van der Jagt, Inge & Ystgaard, Ingrid [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Historical demographic processes dominate genetic variation in ancient Atlantic cod mitogenomes. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2296-701X. 9, s. 1–14. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.671281. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ferrari, Giada; Cuevas, Angelica; Wyrozemska, Agata Teresa; Ballantyne, Rachel; Kersten, Oliver & Palsdottir, Albina Hulda [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The preservation of ancient DNA in archaeological fish bone. Journal of Archaeological Science. ISSN 0305-4403. 126. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2020.105317. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riiser, Even Sannes; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus; Varadharajan, Srinidhi; Borgan, Ørnulf; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Metagenomic Shotgun Analyses Reveal Complex Patterns of Intra- and Interspecific Variation in the Intestinal Microbiomes of Codfishes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. 86(6), s. 1–16. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02788-19.
• Barrett, James; Boessenkool, Sanne; Kneale, Catherine; O'Connell, Tamsin C & Star, Bastiaan (2020). Ecological globalisation, serial depletion and the medieval trade of walrus rostra. Quaternary Science Reviews. ISSN 0277-3791. 229, s. 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106122. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tørresen, Ole K.; Star, Bastiaan; Mier, Pablo; Andrade-Navarro, Miguel A.; Bateman, Alex & Jarnot, Patryk [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Tandem repeats lead to sequence assembly errors and impose multi-level challenges for genome and protein databases. Nucleic Acids Research (NAR). ISSN 0305-1048. 47(21), s. 10994–11006. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz841. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oosting, Tom; Star, Bastiaan; Barrett, James; Wellenreuther, Maren; Richie, Peter & Rawlence, Nicolas J. (2019). Unlocking the potential of ancient fish DNA in the genomic era. Evolutionary Applications. ISSN 1752-4571. 12(8), s. 1513–1522. doi: 10.1111/eva.12811. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riiser, Even Sannes; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus; Varadharajan, Srinidhi; Borgan, Ørnulf; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Switching on the light: using metagenomic shotgun sequencing to characterize the intestinal microbiome of Atlantic cod. Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 1462-2912. 21(7), s. 2576–2594. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.14652. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fages, Antoine; Hanghøj, Kristian; Khan, Naveed; Gaunitz, Charleen; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine & Leonardi, Michela [Vis alle 121 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series. Cell. ISSN 0092-8674. 177(6), s. 1419–1435. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.049. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN "speed gene," only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.</p>

• Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Villegas-Ríos, David; Freitas, Carla; Moland, Even; Star, Bastiaan & André, Carl [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Disentangling structural genomic and behavioral barriers in a sea of connectivity. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 28(6), s. 1394–1411. doi: 10.1111/mec.15010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Sexing Viking Age horses from burial and non-burial sites in Iceland using ancient DNA. Journal of Archaeological Science. ISSN 0305-4403. 101, s. 115–122. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.11.007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Horses are the most common grave goods found in Icelandic Viking Age graves. Horse skeletons have previously been sexed based on pelvis shape and the presence of canine teeth in male horses over 4–5 years of age. Morphological data has shown that all horses from Icelandic burials that were amenable to sexing were male. Yet the use of morphological methods to determine sex is problematic since they rely on finding a well-preserved pelvis and/or robust canine teeth. Furthermore, quantitative data underlying the features of the horse pelvis used for sexing is lacking and canine teeth have been reported to occur in mares. In this study we build upon and extend recently developed methodologies to make use of shotgun sequencing of ancient DNA (aDNA) for molecular sexing of Viking Age horse remains. With minimal sequencing effort we identified the sex of the largest collection (n = 22) of Viking Age Icelandic horses studied to date, sourced from both burial (n = 19) and non-burial (n = 3) sites. Our results revealed a male to female sex bias ratio of 18:1 in burial sites, versus 0:3 in non-burial sites. These findings support the significant over-representation of male horses in Viking Age graves in Iceland, yet show that –albeit rare– mares could also be selected for ritual burial in Viking Age Iceland. This cost-effective method provides statistical confidence to allow for sexing of highly fragmented archaeological specimens with low endogenous DNA content.

• Langangen, Øystein; Färber, Leonie Anette; Stige, Leif Christian; Diekert, Florian Klaus; Barth, Julia Maria Isis & Matschiner, Michael [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Ticket to spawn: Combining economic and genetic data to evaluate the effect of climate and demographic structure on spawning distribution in Atlantic cod. Global Change Biology. ISSN 1354-1013. 25(1), s. 134–143. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14474. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Star, Bastiaan; Barrett, James H.; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Boessenkool, Sanne (2018). Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 285(1884), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0978. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gondek, Agata Teresa; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan (2018). A stainless-steel mortar, pestle and sleeve design for the efficient fragmentation of ancient bone. BioTechniques. ISSN 0736-6205. 64(6), s. 266–269. doi: 10.2144/btn-2018-0008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riiser, Even Sannes; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus; Borgan, Ørnulf; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Jentoft, Sissel & Star, Bastiaan (2018). A single vibrionales 16S rRNA oligotype dominates the intestinal microbiome in two geographically separated Atlantic cod populations. Frontiers in Microbiology. ISSN 1664-302X. 9. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01561. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bagi, Andrea; Riiser, Even Sannes; Molland, Hilde Steine; Star, Bastiaan; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus & Sydnes, Magne Olav [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Gastrointestinal microbial community changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to crude oil. BMC Microbiology. ISSN 1471-2180. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12866-018-1171-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Star, Bastiaan; Pampoulie, Christophe; Bradbury, Ian R.; Bentzen, Paul & Hutchings, Jeffrey [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Trans-oceanic genomic divergence of Atlantic cod ecotypes is associated with large inversions. Heredity. ISSN 0018-067X. 119, s. 418–428. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2017.54. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Jonsson, Per R; Bonanomi, Sara; Corell, Hanna & Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Genome architecture enables local adaptation of Atlantic cod despite high connectivity. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 26(17), s. 4452–4466. doi: 10.1111/mec.14207. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Star, Bastiaan; Boessenkool, Sanne; Gondek, Agata Teresa; Nikulina, Elena A.; Hufthammer, Anne Karin & Pampoulie, Christophe [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 114(34), s. 9152–9157. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710186114. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Star, Bastiaan; Jentoft, Sissel; Reinar, William Brynildsen; Grove, Harald & Miller, Jason R. [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). An improved genome assembly uncovers prolific tandem repeats in Atlantic cod. BMC Genomics. ISSN 1471-2164. 18, s. 1–23. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-3448-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Boessenkool, Sanne; Hanghøj, Kristian; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Combining bleach and mild pre-digestion improves ancient DNA recovery from bones. Molecular Ecology Resources. ISSN 1755-098X. 17(4), s. 742–751. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12623. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Smith, Oliver; Wales, Nathan; Star, Bastiaan & Boessenkool, Sanne (2016). The efficacy of high-throughput sequencing and target enrichment on charred archaeobotanical remains. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 6(37347 ), s. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/srep37347. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Boilard, Aurélie; Walker, Samuel James; Lødøen, Trond Andreas Klungseth; Henriksen, Mona; Linge, Henriette & van Kolfschoten, Thijs [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Reconstructing faunal diversity from the last Glacial period in northern Norway using zoo-archaeology and bulk-bone metabarcoding.
• Boilard, Aurélie; Walker, Samuel James; Lødøen, Trond Andreas Klungseth; Henriksen, Mona; Takken-Beijersbergen, Liselotte M. & Star, Bastiaan [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Ancient DNA and osteological analyses of a unique paleo-archive reveal Early Holocene faunal expansion into the Scandinavian Arctic. Vis sammendrag

  Paleo-archives are essential for our understanding of species responses to climate warming, yet such archives are extremely rare in the Arctic. Here, we combine morphological analyses and bulk-bone metabarcoding to investigate a unique chronology of bone deposits sealed in the high-latitude Storsteinhola cave system (68°50’ N 16°22’ E) in Norway. This deposit dates to a period of climate warming from the end of the Late Glacial to the Holocene Thermal Maximum. A combination of comparative morphology and paleogenetic analyses allowed us to exploit the deposit to its full potential, with ancient DNA providing taxonomical identification to the 1000s of morphologically unidentifiable bone fragments. Our results show a high-resolution sequence of fish, mammal, and bird species, including species not previously discovered in the region, and providing fundamental insights in the ecosystem-wide responses that are ongoing today.

• Barrett, James Harold; Star, Bastiaan; Buss, Danielle; Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen; Larsen, Thomas & Nadeau, Marie-Josee [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Multi-proxy Approaches to the Historical Ecology of Marine Resource Exploitation c.100 BCE to 1860 CE.
• Barrett, James Harold; Brito, Cristina; Ludlow, Francis; Star, Bastiaan & Holm, Poul (2021). A History of the World in 10 Marine Taxa? An Introduction to 4-OCEANS.
• Trucchi, Emiliano; Benazzo, Andrea; Lari, Martina; Iob, Alice; Vai, Stefania & Nanni, Laura [Vis alle 25 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Author Correction: Ancient genomes reveal early Andean farmers selected common beans while preserving diversity (Nature Plants, (2021), 7, 2, (123-128), 10.1038/s41477-021-00848-7). Nature Plants. ISSN 2055-026X. 7(3). doi: 10.1038/s41477-021-00892-3.
• Boilard, Aurélie; Robu, Marius; Star, Bastiaan; Dalén, Love & Boessenkool, Sanne (2021). 122 000 years of fauna diversity of Nordic ecosystems explored through paleogenomics. Vis sammendrag

  Paleogenomics is a molecular approach to paleontological records allowing the analysis of past ecosystems through ancient DNA (aDNA) found in fossils and soils. The discovery of Europe’s northernmost bone-rich karst cave system with sediments and bones dated up to 122ka, in Kjøpsvik (68°50’N) Northern Norway, presents a unique opportunity to study the response of arctic and boreal ecosystems to climate change during the last interglacial. The objectives of this project are to : (i) reconstruct faunal diversity and (ii) genetic diversity of mammalian populations as well as (iii) their distribution throughout the last glacial cycle over a period of 122 000 years. Metabarcoding will be used on bulk bone material (aDNA) and sediments (sedaDNA) to reconstruct the faunal diversity from excavated bone fragments. Genomic analyses based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes will be conducted to study historic biogeography of selected species. This study will provide new insights into mammalian diversity of high latitude ecosystems of Scandinavia throughout the last glacial cycle, and contribute to our understanding of their resilience and adaptive capabilities in the face of climate change.

• Star, Bastiaan (2021). Temporal genomics of Atlantic cod.
• Star, Bastiaan (2021). Genomic stability through time despite decades of exploitation in Atlantic cod.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Kersten, Oliver Sven; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The tangled history of sheep in the North Atlantic revealed through ancient DNA. Vis sammendrag

  Sheep played a vital role in the settlement of the North Atlantic in the Viking Age, providing wool for clothing and the sails of Viking ships in addition to milk, meat, skins and horns. Despite their importance we know little about how the rapid settlement of the North Atlantic shaped the population structure and genetic diversity of sheep and how the local breeds in the North Atlantic region have changed through a thousand years of isolation. We sequenced over 80 ancient sheep bones from archaeological excavations in the North Atlantic resulting in 28 ancient sheep genomes (800-1700 CE) with average coverage of 3,7X and eight genomes from modern landrace breeds present in the region. The population history of sheep in the North Atlantic is more complicated than previously thought with some evidence of admixture of sheep from Norway and the UK during the founding of the Icelandic sheep population. The sheep population in Norse Greenland is clearly founded from Iceland. In Greenland we observe a loss of heterozygosity and increases in inbreeding over time, probably related to population decline associated with the collapse of the Norse settlement in Greenland. Our data shows a large reduction in genomic diversity of sheep in the North Atlantic from the Viking and Medieval period to the modern sheep breeds in the region, specifically in Iceland and the Faroe Islands.

• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Kersten, Oliver; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Genetic history of sheep in the North Atlantic from the Viking Age to modern breeds. Vis sammendrag

  Sheep were vital to subsistence in the newly settled lands of the Norse in the Faroes, Iceland and Greenland during the Viking Age. Sheep are multi-product animals and were reared for wool, milk, meat, skins and horns, and large number of sheep bones have been found in archaeological excavations in the region. Despite their importance, the origins of local sheep breeds and their development since the 9th century are poorly understood. Here we obtained whole genome sequences of 27 ancient sheep from archaeological excavations in Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Norway and the UK dating from 800-1700. For comparison we also analysed both newly generated and previously published modern genomes from North Atlantic, European and Asian sheep breeds. We trace the introduction of sheep to the Faroes, Iceland and Greenland in a clear stepping stone pattern, but ancient UK and Norwegian sheep form an overlapping cluster. Moreover, our data shows a large reduction in genomic diversity of sheep in the North Atlantic from the Viking and Medieval period to the modern sheep breeds in the region.

• Star, Bastiaan (2020). Assessing the impacts of human exploitation by integrating multiple approaches.
• Star, Bastiaan (2020). Ancient DNA.
• Star, Bastiaan (2019). The impacts of human exploitation investigated through archaeogenomics.
• Star, Bastiaan (2019). Investigating the impacts of human exploitation in the marine environment using ancient DNA.
• Star, Bastiaan (2019). Investigating the impacts of human exploitation in the marine environment using ancient DNA.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Wyrozemska, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Kyngreining á hrossum úr kumlum með forn-DNA Hestar lagðir í kuml á Íslandi á víkingaöld.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn & Boessenkool, Sanne (2019). Viking sheep of the North Atlantic: Origins & genetic heritage.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha; Stenseth, Nils Chr. & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The Sheep Saga: Archaeogenomics of Viking Age sheep in the North Atlantic.
• Kersten, Oliver; Star, Bastiaan; Anker-Nilssen, Tycho; Strøm, Hallvard & Boessenkool, Sanne (2019). Genomic population structure of the Atlantic Puffin – insights into the species’ taxonomy.
• Star, Bastiaan (2019). The Ancient DNA boom.
• Star, Bastiaan (2019). WALRUSH: investigating historical serial exploitation of the Arctic using ancient DNA and stable isotope analyses of Atlantic walrus.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Leifsson, Rúnar; Orlando, Ludovic; Barrett, James H. & Star, Bastiaan [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Fornleifarannsóknir: Hryssur ekki valdar í kuml. [Avis]. Austurglugginn.
• Star, Bastiaan (2019). Using ancient DNA to trace the historic exploitation of Atlantic walrus.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Wyrozemska, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Kyngreining á hrossum úr kumlum með fornDNA. Vis sammendrag

  Hestar voru algengasta haugfé sem lagt var í kuml á Íslandi á víkingaöld. Beinagrindur hrossa er hægt að kyngreina á formi mjaðmagrindar og því hvort vígtennur eru til staðar. Vígtennur koma upp við 4-5 ára aldur í karldýrum en þó hafa rannsóknir sýnt að allt að þriðjungur hryssa getur haft vígtennur þó þær séu yfirleitt mun minni en í karldýrunum. Beinagreining hefur sýnt að öll hross sem hægt er að kyngreina úr íslenskum kumlum er úr karlkyns hestum en þar sem stór hluti þessara kumla fannst fyrir mörgum áratugum síðan við framkvæmdir eru beinagrindurnar oft of illa varðveittar til þess að hægt sé að kyngreina þær með vissu. Í þessari rannsókn notum við forn-DNA-greiningu til að kyngreina 22 hross frá víkingaöld. 19 hross voru úr kumlum en þrjú bein úr hellum og býlum voru einnig greind. Rannsóknir okkar leiddu í ljós að af 19 hrossum úr kumlum sem greind voru reyndist aðeins vera ein hryssa en öll sýnin sem komu úr helli og býli reyndust vera hryssur. Í greininni er einnig sýnt fram á að hægt er að kyngreina dýr jafnvel þó afar lítið sé varðveitt af DNA í hverju sýni og því má nota aðferðafræðina í greininni til að kyngreina fornleifafræðileg bein á mun stærri skala og fyrir minna fé en áður var talið. Fjallað verður um niðurstöður í nýútkominni grein Heidi M. Nistelberger, Albínu Huldu Pálsdóttur, Bastiaan Star, Rúnars Leifssonar, Agötu T. Gondek, Ludovic Orlando, James H. Barrett, Jóns Hallsteins Hallssonar og Sanne Boessenkool “Sexing Viking Age horses from burial and non-burial sites in Iceland using ancient DNA,” Journal of Archaeological Science 101 (2019), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.11.007. Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir er dýrabeinafornleifafræðingur og starfar við Landbúnaðarháskóla Íslands. Hún er doktorsnemi við Óslóarháskóla en doktorsverkefni hennar heitir „Hestar og sauðfé víkinganna: Fornerfðafræði húsdýra í Norður-Atlantshafi“. Hún hefur greint dýrabeinasöfn frá Íslandi, Írlandi, Grænlandi og Færeyjum. Leiðbeinendur Albínu eru dr. Sanne Boessenkool við Óslóarháskóla, dr. Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson við Landbúnaðarháskóla Íslands og dr. Juha Kantanen hjá LUKE í Finnlandi. Verkefnið er styrkt af rannsóknasjóði Rannís á styrk nr. 162783051

• Star, Bastiaan (2019). WALRUSH: Ancient DNA identified the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland .
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Powerful Icelandic Vikings were buried with stallions. [Internett]. phys.org.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Lítið um hryss­ur í kuml­um vík­inga. [Internett]. mbl.is.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Powerful Icelandic Vikings were buried with stallions. [Internett]. Heritage daily.
• Leifsson, Rúnar; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Horses buried with Icelandic Viking nobles were male, ancient DNA shows. [Internett]. CBC news.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Burials Suggest Icelandic Vikings Had a Thing for Stallions . [Internett]. www.smithsonianmag.com.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Star, Bastiaan & Barrett, James H. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Ancient Horse DNA From Burial Sites In Iceland Suggests That Viking Age Warriors Preferred Male Horses. [Internett]. www.inquisitr.com.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). POWERFUL MALE VIKINGS WERE BURIED WITH THEIR POWERFUL MALE HORSES. [Internett]. Newsweek.com.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Ancient DNA from Viking Graves Proves the Fierce Fighters Rode Male Horses. [Internett]. https://www.livescience.com/64432-vikings-buried-with-stalli.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Lítið um hryssur í kumlum víkinga. [Avis]. Morgunblaðið.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Which horse should we sacrifice? Sex as a determining factor for the selection of horses in Viking Age burials in Iceland.
• Rowe, Melissah; de Muinck, Erik; Fredriksen, Simen; Carneiro, Diana; Star, Bastiaan & Trosvik, Pål (2018). Ejaculate microbiota of birds: inter-specific variation and disease transmission.
• Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Gondek, Agata; Leifsson, Rúnar & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Viking Horses of the North Atlantic.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Folum fórnað. [Internett]. Bændablaðið online.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne; Barrett, James H.; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Mektige islandske vikinger fikk hingster med seg i graven. [Internett]. Titan.no.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne; Barrett, James H.; Leifsson, Rúnar; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria & Orlando, Ludovic [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Powerful Icelandic Vikings were buried with stallions. [Internett]. Titan.no.
• Star, Bastiaan (2018). Catching the Past: Using ancient DNA to obtain long-term perspectives.
• Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Sexing Viking Age horses from burial and non-burial sites in Iceland using ancient DNA.
• Star, Bastiaan (2018). Catching the Past: Using ancient DNA to study historic marine exploitation.
• Barrett, James H; Star, Bastiaan; Kneale, Catherine; O'Connell, Tamsin C; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Boessenkool, Sanne (2018). Walrus Ivory in Medieval Europe: Artefactual, ancient DNA and stable isotope evidence for Ecological Globalization.
• Barrett, James H; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan (2018). Medieval Walrus Hunting: Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives.
• Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Kneale, Catherine; O'Connell, Tamsin C. & Star, Bastiaan (2018). Northern Journeys: Cod, Walruses and Arctic Connections to Urban Europe in the Middle Ages.
• Gondek, Agata Teresa; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan (2018). A stainless-steel mortar, pestle and sleeve design for the efficient fragmentation of ancient bone.
• Star, Bastiaan (2018). Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of the walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland.
• Star, Bastiaan (2018). Investigating the Legacy of the Viking Age using ancient DNA.
• Star, Bastiaan (2018). Investigating the Legacy of the Viking Age using ancient DNA.
• Tarlach, Gemma; Boessenkool, Sanne; Kool, Anneleen & Star, Bastiaan (2018). The secret history of the Vikings. [Tidsskrift]. Discover.
• Star, Bastiaan (2017). The impact of art: investigating artifact using ancient DNA to trace historic exploitation of Atlantic walrus.
• Star, Bastiaan (2017). Ancient DNA and Ecology.
• Star, Bastiaan (2017). Human impacts in marine environments.
• Star, Bastiaan (2017). Catching the Past.
• Star, Bastiaan (2017). Tracing the Atlantic walrus ivory trade.
• Star, Bastiaan & Barrett, James H (2017). From Viking-age archaeology to 21st-century DNA sequencing: Discovering the legacy of Atlantic cod exploitation using ancient DNA.
• Pampanin, Daniela Maria; Bagi, Andrea; Riiser, Even Sannes; Star, Bastiaan; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus & Sydnes, Magne Olav [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Gastrointestinal microbial community changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to crude oil.
• Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Star, Bastiaan; Matschiner, Michael; André, Carl; Knutsen, Halvor & Bradbury, Ian [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Chromosomal rearrangements as barriers to homogenization in highly mobile fish.
• Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Star, Bastiaan; Matschiner, Michael; André, Carl; Knutsen, Halvor & Bradbury, Ian [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Chromosomal rearrangements as barriers to homogenization in highly mobile fish.
• Matschiner, Michael; Star, Bastiaan; Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel (2017). Genomic rearrangements a phylogenetic approach.
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan (2021). Ancient DNA sexing of walrus bones from Alþingisreitur, Iceland. Íslenskar fornleifarannsóknir ehf og Icelandic ZooArch. ISSN 978-9935-9641-0-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ferrari, Giada; Martinez Garcia, Lourdes; Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie; Mansrud, Anja & Star, Bastiaan (2020). Ancient DNA of Tuna bones from the Alveberget excavation in Arendal, Norway. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan (2018). Ancient DNA sampling report Walrus bones from Alþingisreitur. Landbúnaðarháskóli Íslands. ISSN 978-9979-881-71-1.

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