Publikasjoner
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Shumskaya, Maria; Filippova, Nina; Lorentzen, Laura; Blue, Shazneka; Andrew, Carrie Joy & Lorusso, Nicholas S.
(2023).
Citizen science helps in the study of fungal diversity in New Jersey.
Scientific Data.
ISSN 2052-4463.
10.
doi:
10.1038/s41597-022-01916-z.
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Rustøen, Fredrik; Høiland, Klaus; Heegaard, Einar; Boddy, Lynne; Gange, Alan C. & Kauserud, Håvard
[Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
Substrate affinities of wood decay fungi are foremost structured by wood properties not climate.
Fungal ecology.
ISSN 1754-5048.
63.
doi:
10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101231.
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Wood decomposing fungi differ in their substrate affinities, but to what extent factors like wood properties influence host specialization, compared to climate, is largely unknown. In this study, we analysed British field observations of 61 common wood decay species associated with 41 tree and shrub genera. While white rot fungi ranged from low-to high-substrate affinity, brown rot fungi were exclusively mid-to high-affinity. White rot fungi associated with dead fallen wood demonstrated the least substrate affinity. The composition of wood decomposer fungi was mostly structured by substrate properties, sorted between angiosperms and conifers. Any relationships with temporal and regional climate variability were of far less significance, but did predict community-based and substrate-usage host shifts, especially for fungi on fallen deadwood. Our results demonstrate that substrate shifts by wood-decay fungi will depend primarily upon their degree of affinity to, and the distribution of, related woody genera, followed less at regional levels by climate impacts.
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Andrew, Carrie Joy; Mueller, Gregory M. & Avis, Pete G.
(2022).
Do local-scale context dependencies shape how ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity structures with reduced or sustained experimental N addition? .
Pedobiologia.
ISSN 0031-4056.
doi:
10.1016/j.pedobi.2022.150791.
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Diez, Jefferey M.; Kauserud, Håvard; Andrew, Carrie Joy; Heegaard, Einar; Krisai-Greilhüber, Irmgard & Senn-Irlet, Beatrice
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2020).
Altitudinal upwards shifts in fungal fruiting in the Alps.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences.
ISSN 0962-8452.
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Aas, Anders Bjørnsgard; Andrew, Carrie Joy; Blaalid, Rakel; Vik, Unni; Kauserud, Håvard & Davey, Marie Louise
(2019).
Fine-scale diversity patterns in belowground microbial communities are consistent across kingdoms.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology.
ISSN 0168-6496.
95(6),
s. 1–11.
doi:
10.1093/femsec/fiz058.
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The belowground environment is heterogeneous and complex at fine spatial scales. Physical structures, biotic components
and abiotic conditions create a patchwork mosaic of potential niches for microbes. Questions remain about mechanisms
and patterns of community assembly belowground, including: Do fungal and bacterial communities assemble differently?
How do microbes reach the roots of host plants? Within a 4 m2 plot in alpine vegetation, high throughput sequencing of the
16S (bacteria) and ITS1 (fungal) ribosomal RNA genes was used to characterise microbial community composition in roots
and adjacent soil of a viviparous host plant (Bistorta vivipara). At fine spatial scales, beta-diversity patterns in belowground
bacterial and fungal communities were consistent, although compositional change was greater in bacteria than fungi.
Spatial structure and distance-decay relationships were also similar for bacteria and fungi, with significant spatial structure
detected at <50 cm among root- but not soil-associated microbes. Recruitment of root microbes from the soil community
appeared limited at this sampling and sequencing depth. Possible explanations for this include recruitment from
low-abundance populations of soil microbes, active recruitment from neighbouring plants and/or vertical transmission of
symbionts to new clones, suggesting varied methods of microbial community assembly for viviparous plants. Our results
suggest that even at relatively small spatial scales, deterministic processes play a significant role in belowground microbial
community structure and assembly.
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Andrew, Carrie Joy; Büntgen, Ulf; Egli, Simon; Senn-Irlet, Beatrice; Grytnes, John-Arvid & Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob
[Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Open-source data reveal how collections-based fungal diversity is sensitive to global change.
Applications in Plant Sciences.
ISSN 2168-0450.
7(3),
s. 1–19.
doi:
10.1002/aps3.1227.
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Premise of the Study
Fungal diversity (richness) trends at large scales are in urgent need of investigation, especially through novel situations that combine long‐term observational with environmental and remotely sensed open‐source data.
Methods
We modeled fungal richness, with collections‐based records of saprotrophic (decaying) and ectomycorrhizal (plant mutualistic) fungi, using an array of environmental variables across geographical gradients from northern to central Europe. Temporal differences in covariables granted insight into the impacts of the shorter‐ versus longer‐term environment on fungal richness.
Results
Fungal richness varied significantly across different land‐use types, with highest richness in forests and lowest in urban areas. Latitudinal trends supported a unimodal pattern in diversity across Europe. Temperature, both annual mean and range, was positively correlated with richness, indicating the importance of seasonality in increasing richness amounts. Precipitation seasonality notably affected saprotrophic fungal diversity (a unimodal relationship), as did daily precipitation of the collection day (negatively correlated). Ectomycorrhizal fungal richness differed from that of saprotrophs by being positively associated with tree species richness.
Discussion
Our results demonstrate that fungal richness is strongly correlated with land use and climate conditions, especially concerning seasonality, and that ongoing global change processes will affect fungal richness patterns at large scales.
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Dawson, Samantha Katherine; Boddy, Lynne; Halbwachs, Hans; Bässler, Claus; Andrew, Carrie Joy & Crowther, Thomas Ward
[Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2018).
Handbook for the measurement of macrofungal functional traits: A start with basidiomycete wood fungi.
Functional Ecology.
ISSN 0269-8463.
s. 372–387.
doi:
10.1111/1365-2435.13239.
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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) persists in cervid populations of North America and in 2016 was detected for the first time in Europe in a wild reindeer in Norway. We report the detection of CWD in 3 moose (Alces alces) in Norway, identified through a large scale surveillance program. The cases occurred in 13–14-year-old female moose, and we detected an abnormal form of prion protein (PrPSc) in the brain but not in lymphoid tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the moose shared the same neuropathologic phenotype, characterized by mostly intraneuronal deposition of PrPSc. This pattern differed from that observed in reindeer and has not been previously reported in CWD-infected cervids. Moreover, Western blot revealed a PrPSc type distinguishable from previous CWD cases and from known ruminant prion diseases in Europe, with the possible exception of sheep CH1641. These findings suggest that these cases in moose represent a novel type of CWD.
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Khomich, Maryia; Cox, Filipa; Andrew, Carrie Joy; Andersen, Tom; Kauserud, Håvard & Davey, Marie Louise
(2018).
Coming up short: Identifying substrate and geographic biases in fungal sequence databases.
Fungal ecology.
ISSN 1754-5048.
36,
s. 75–80.
doi:
10.1016/j.funeco.2018.08.002.
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Insufficient reference database coverage is a widely recognized limitation of molecular ecology ap-proaches which are reliant on database matches for assignment of function or identity. Here, we use datafrom 65 amplicon high-throughput sequencing (HTS) datasets targeting the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of fungal rDNA to identify substrates and geographic areas whose underrepresentation in theavailable reference databases could have meaningful impact on our ability to draw ecological conclu-sions. A total of 14 different substrates were investigated. Database representation was particularly poorfor the fungal communities found in aquatic (freshwater and marine) and soil ecosystems. Aquaticecosystems are identified as priority targets for the recovery of novel fungal lineages. A subset of the datarepresenting soil samples with global distribution were used to identify geographic locations andterrestrial biomes with poor database representation. Database coverage was especially poor in tropical,subtropical, and Antarctic latitudes, and the Amazon, Southeast Asia, Australasia, and the Indian sub-continent are identified as priority areas for improving database coverage in fungi.
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Andrew, Carrie Joy; Halvorsen, Rune; Heegaard, Einar; Kuyper, Thomas W.; Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob & Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard
[Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2018).
Continental-scale macrofungal assemblage patterns correlate with climate, soil carbon and nitrogen deposition.
Journal of Biogeography.
ISSN 0305-0270.
45(8),
s. 1942–1953.
doi:
10.1111/jbi.13374.
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Aim:Macroecological scales of species compositional trends are well documentedfor a variety of plant and animal groups, but remain sparse for fungi, despite theirecological importance in carbon and nutrient cycling. It is, thus, essential to under-stand the composition of fungal assemblages across broad geographical scales andthe underlying drivers. Our overall aim was to describe these patterns for fungiacross two nutritional modes (saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal). Furthermore, weaimed to elucidate the temporal component of fruiting patterns and to relate theseto soil carbon and nitrogen deposition.
Location:Central and Northern Europe.Methods:A total of 4.9 million fungal fruit body observations throughout Europe,collected between 1970 and 2010, were analysed to determine the two main envi-ronmental and geographical gradients structuring fungal assemblages for two mainnutritional modes, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Results:Two main gradients explaining the geography of compositional patternswere identified, for each nutritional mode. Mean annual temperature (and relatedcollinear, seasonal measures) correlated most strongly with the first gradient forboth nutritional modes. Soil organic carbon was the highest correlate of the second compositional gradient for ectomycorrhizal fungi, suspected as an indicator of vege-tation- and pH-related covariates. In contrast, nitrogen deposition constituted asecond gradient for saprotrophic fungi, likely a proxy for anthropogenic pollution.Compositional gradients and environmental conditions correlated similarly whenthe data were divided into two time intervals of 1970–1990 and 1991–2010.Evidence of compositional temporal change was highest with increasing elevationand latitude.
Main conclusions:Fungal assemblage patterns demonstrate clear biogeographicalpatterns that relate the nutritional modes to their main environmental correlates oftemperature, soil organic carbon and nitrogen deposition. With respect to globalchange impacts, the highest rates of compositional change by time suggest targetinghigher latitudes and elevations for a better understanding of fungal dynamics. We,finally, suggest further examination of the ranges and dispersal abilities of fungi tobetter assess responses to global change.
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Gange, Alan C.; Heegaard, Einar; Boddy, Lynne; Andrew, Carrie Joy; Kirk, Paul M. & Halvorsen, Rune
[Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2018).
Trait-dependent distributional shifts in fruiting of common British fungi.
Ecography.
ISSN 0906-7590.
41(1),
s. 51–61.
doi:
10.1111/ecog.03233.
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Despite the dramatic phenological responses of fungal fruiting to recent climate warming, it is unknown whether spatial distributions of fungi have changed and to what extent such changes are influenced by fungal traits, such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) or saprotrophic lifestyles, spore characteristics, or fruit body size.
Our overall aim was to understand how climate and fungal traits determine whether and how species‐specific fungal fruit body abundances have shifted across latitudes over time, using the UK national database of fruiting records. The data employed were recorded over 45 yr (1970–2014), and include 853 278 records of Agaricales, Boletales and Russulales, though we focus only on the most common species (with more than 3000 records each). The georeferenced observations were analysed by a Bayesian inference as a Gaussian additive model with a specification following a joint species distribution model. We used an offset, random contributions and fixed effects to isolate different potential biases from the trait‐specific interactions with latitude/climate and time. Our main aim was assessed by examination of the three‐way‐interaction of trait, predictor (latitude or climate) and time.
The results show a strong trait‐specific shift in latitudinal abundance through time, as ECM species have become more abundant relative to saprotrophic species in the north. Along precipitation gradients, phenology was important, in that species with shorter fruiting seasons have declined markedly in abundance in oceanic regions, whereas species with longer seasons have become relatively more common overall. These changes in fruit body distributions are correlated with temperature and rainfall, which act directly on both saprotrophic and ECM fungi, and also indirectly on ECM fungi, through altered photosynthate allocation from their hosts. If these distributional changes reflect fungal activity, there will be important consequences for the responses of forest ecosystems to changing climate, through effects on primary production and nutrient cycling.
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Andrew, Carrie Joy; Heegaard, Einar; Gange, Alan C.; Senn-Irlet, Beatrice; Egli, Simon & Kirk, Paul M.
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2018).
Congruency in fungal phenology patterns across dataset sources and scales.
Fungal ecology.
ISSN 1754-5048.
32,
s. 9–17.
doi:
10.1016/j.funeco.2017.11.009.
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As citizen science and digitization projects bring greater and larger datasets to the scientific realm, wemust address the comparability of results across varying sources and spatial scales. Independentlyassembled fungal fruit body datasets from Switzerland and the UK were available at large, national-scales and more intensively surveyed, local-scales. Phenology responses of fungi between these data-sets at different scales (national, intermediate and local) resembled one another. Consistently with time,the fruiting season initiated earlier and extended later. Phenology better correlated across data sourcesand scales in the UK, which contain less landscape and environmental heterogeneity than Switzerland.Species-specific responses in seasonality varied more than overall responses, but generally fruiting startdates were later for most Swiss species compared with UK species, while end dates were later for both.The coherency of these results, across the data sources, supports the use of presence-only data obtainedby multiple recorders, and even across heterogeneous landscapes, for global change phenology research.
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Andrew, Carrie Joy; Heegaard, Einar; Høiland, Klaus; Senn-Irlet, Beatrice; Kuyper, Thomas W. & Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard
[Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2018).
Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability.
Ecology.
ISSN 0012-9658.
99(6),
s. 1306–1315.
doi:
10.1002/ecy.2237.
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Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude, and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 d, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 d, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large‐scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic groups as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring‐fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species‐specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.
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Andrew, Carrie Joy; Heegaard, Einar; Kirk, Paul M.; Bässler, Claus; Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob & Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard
[Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2017).
Big data integration: Pan-European fungal species observations' assembly for addressing contemporary questions in ecology and global change biology.
Fungal Biology Reviews.
ISSN 1749-4613.
31(2),
s. 88–98.
doi:
10.1016/j.fbr.2017.01.001.
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Species occurrence observations are increasingly available for scientific analyses through citizen science projects and digitization of museum records, representing a largely untapped ecological resource. When combined with open-source data, there is unparalleled potential for understanding many aspects of the ecology and biogeography of organisms. Here we describe the process of assembling a pan-European mycological meta-database (ClimFun) and integrating it with open-source data to advance the fields of macroecology and biogeography against a backdrop of global change. Initially 7.3 million unique fungal species fruit body records, spanning nine countries, were processed and assembled into 6 million records of more than 10,000 species. This is an extraordinary amount of fungal data to address macro-ecological questions. We provide two examples of fungal species with different life histories, one ectomycorrhizal and one wood decaying, to demonstrate how such continental-scale meta-databases can offer unique insights into climate change effects on fungal phenology and fruiting patterns in recent decades.
Keywords
Biogeography;
Citizen science;
Fungi;
Global change;
Meta-database;
Open-source
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Heegaard, Einar; Boddy, Lynne; Diez, Jefferey M.; Halvorsen, Rune; Kauserud, Håvard & Kuyper, Thomas W.
[Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2016).
Fine-scale spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal fruiting: prevalence, amplitude, range and continuity.
Ecography.
ISSN 0906-7590.
40(8),
s. 947–959.
doi:
10.1111/ecog.02256.
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Despite the critical importance of fungi as symbionts with plants, resources for animals, and drivers of ecosystem function, the spatiotemporal distributions of fungi remain poorly understood. The belowground life cycle of fungi makes it difficult to assess spatial patterns and dynamic processes even with recent molecular techniques. Here we offer an explicit spatiotemporal Bayesian inference of the drivers behind spatial distributions from investigation of a Swiss inventory of fungal fruit bodies. The unique inventory includes three temperate forest sites in which a total of 73 952 fungal fruit bodies were recorded systematically in a spatially explicit design between 1992 and 2006.
Our motivation is to understand how broad-scale climate factors may influence spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal fruiting within forests, and if any such effects vary between two functional groups, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi. For both groups we asked: 1) how consistent are the locations of fruiting patches, the sizes of patches, the quantities of fruit bodies, and of prevalence (occupancy)? 2) Do the annual spatial characteristics of fungal fruiting change systematically over time? 3) Are spatial characteristics of fungal fruiting driven by climatic variation?
We found high inter-annual continuity in fruiting for both functional groups. The saprotrophic species were characterised by small patches with variable fruit body counts. In contrast, ECM species were present in larger, but more distinctly delimited patches. The spatial characteristics of the fungal community were only indirectly influenced by climate. However, climate variability influenced overall yields and prevalence, which again links to spatial structure of fruit bodies. Both yield and prevalence were correlated with the amplitudes of occurrence and of fruit body counts, but only prevalence influenced the spatial range. Summarizing, climatic variability affects forest-stand fungal distributions via its influence on yield (amount) and prevalence (occupancy), whereas fungal life-history strategies dictate fine-scale spatial characteristics.
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Andrew, Carrie Joy & Lilleskov, Erik
(2014).
Elevated CO2 and O3 effects on ectomycorrhizal fungal root tip communities in consideration of a post-agricultural soil nutrient gradient legacy.
Mycorrhiza.
ISSN 0940-6360.
24,
s. 581–593.
doi:
10.1007/s00572-014-0577-4.
Se alle arbeider i Cristin
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Halbritter Rechsteiner, Aud Helen; Grainger, Matthew; Telford, Richard James; Kusch, Erik; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland & Andrew, Carrie
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
Living Norway Course on Open, Reproducible and Transparent Science in Ecology.
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Universities, journals, and funding bodies increasingly demand open and reproducible research practices across the scientific community. Research data needs to be FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable), workflows need to be reproducible, and science needs to be transparent. This aims to improve the efficiency and quality of research and thus to increase the credibility of science.
This course offers hands-on training on methods and technologies to make research more open, reproducible and transparent. The course is centred around the life-cycle of data from planning, managing, collecting, curating, analysing, publishing, storing, sharing and reusing data. It is aimed at PhD students (will be prioritised) as well as early-career researchers in ecology, who produce their own data (i.e. collect data in the field/lab), use data from others (i.e. databases) or both.
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Publisert
4. mai 2021 15:11
- Sist endret
4. mai 2021 15:11