ingermri

• Mysterud, Atle; Solberg, Erling Johan; Meisingset, Erling L.; Panzacchi, Manuela; Rauset, Geir Rune & Strand, Olav [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Estimating and managing broad risk of chronic wasting disease spillover among cervid species. Ecosphere. ISSN 2150-8925. 14(9), s. 1–17. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.4663. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The management of infectious wildlife diseases often involves tackling pathogens that infect multiple host species. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is aprion disease that can infect most cervid species. CWD was detected in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway in 2016. Sympatric populations of red deer(Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces) are at immediate risk. However, the estimation of spillover risk across species and implementation of multispecies management policies are rarely addressed for wildlife. Here, we estimated the broad risk of CWD spillover from reindeer to red deer and moose by quantifying the probability of co-occurrence based on both (1) population density and(2) habitat niche overlap from GPS data of all three species in Nordfjella,Norway. We describe the practical challenges faced when aiming to reduce the risk of spillover through a marked reduction in the population densities of moose and red deer using recreational hunters. This involves setting the popu-lation and harvest aims with uncertain information and how to achieve them.The niche overlap between reindeer and both moose and red deer was low overall but occurred seasonally. Migratory red deer had a moderate niche over-lap with the CWD-infected reindeer population during the calving period, whereas moose had a moderate niche overlap during both calving and winter. Incorporating both habitat overlap and the population densities of the respective species into the quantification of co-occurrence allowed for more spatially targeted risk maps. An initial aim of a 50% reduction in abundance for the Nordfjella region was set, but only a moderate population decrease of less than 20% from 2016 to 2021 was achieved. Proactive management in the form of marked population reduction is invasive and unpopular when involving species of high societal value, and targeting efforts to zones with a high risk ofspillover to limit adverse impacts and achieve wider societal acceptance is important. disease management, host range, moose, multihost pathogens, niche overlap, Norway,population estimation, red deer, reindeer

• Mysterud, Atle; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Brekkum, Øystein & Meisingset, Erling L. (2023). Effect of legal regulation of supplemental feeding on space use of red deer in an area with chronic wasting disease. European Journal of Wildlife Research. ISSN 1612-4642. 69(1). doi: 10.1007/s10344-022-01630-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Supplemental feeding of cervids during winter is a widespread management practice, but feeding may increase the risk of disease transmission. Therefore, legal regulations to limit supplemental feeding are often implemented when dealing with severe infectious diseases, such as chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids. However, it is currently unclear whether these regulations result in decreased spatial clustering and aggregation as intended. Supplemental feeding is expected to restrict the movement of cervids. Therefore, a ban on feeding may also result in wider space use and a risk of geographic spread of disease. The space use of 63 GPS-marked red deer (Cervus elaphus) was investigated before (n = 34) and after (n = 29) the implementation of a legal regulation aimed at limiting the supplemental feeding of cervids during winter in a CWD-affected region of Nordfjella, Norway. Snow depth was the main determinant of the space use for red deer. A moderate reduction in the number of GPS positions in spatial clusters was evident during periods of deep snow once the ban was in place. Sizes of core areas (Kernel 50%), home ranges (Kernel 95%), and dispersion (MCP 100%, number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) declined from January to March and with increasing snow depth. Dispersion (number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) did not depend on snow depth after the ban, and red deer used larger areas when snow depth was high after the ban compared to before. The ban on supplementary feeding had no effect on size of core areas or home ranges. Several potential factors can explain the overall weak effect of the ban on space use, including the use of agricultural fields by red deer, other anthropogenic feeding, and landscape topography. This study highlights that snow depth is the main factor determining space use during winter, and it remains to be determined whether the moderate reduction in spatial clustering during deep snow after the ban was sufficient to lower the risk of disease transmission.

• Goren, Asena; Viljugrein, Hildegunn; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Jore, Solveig; Bakka, Haakon & Vindenes, Yngvild [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). The emergence and shift in seasonality of Lyme borreliosis in Northern Europe. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 290(1993). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2420. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Climate change has had a major impact on seasonal weather patterns, resulting in marked phenological changes in a wide range of taxa. However, empirical studies of how changes in seasonality impact the emergence and seasonal dynamics of vector-borne diseases have been limited. Lyme borreliosis, a bacterial infection spread by hard-bodied ticks, is the most commonvector-borne disease in the northern hemisphere and has been rapidly increasing in both incidence and geographical distribution in many regions of Europe and North America. By analysis of long-term surveillance data (1995–2019) from across Norway (latitude 57°580–71°080 N), we demonstrate a marked change in the within-year timing of Lyme borreliosis cases accompanying an increase in the annual number of cases. The seasonal peak in cases is now six weeks earlier than 25 years ago, exceeding seasonal shifts in plant phenology and previous model predictions. The seasonal shift occurred predominantly in the first 10 years of the study period. The concurrent upsurgence in case number and shift in case timing indicate a major change in the Lyme borreliosis disease system over recent decades. This study highlights the potential for climate change to shape the seasonal dynamics of vector-borne disease systems. seasonality, vector-borne zoonoses,disease ecology, Lyme borreliosis,Lyme disease, climate change, ecology, health and disease and epidemiology

• Mysterud, Atle; Langvatn, Rolf; Meisingset, Erling L. & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2022). Agricultural grasslands buffer density effects in red deer populations. Journal of Wildlife Management. ISSN 0022-541X. 87(3). doi: 10.1002/jwmg.22357. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Population densities of several cervid species have increased in recent decades in North America and Europe, and cervids frequently eat and damage agricultural crops. Competition and depletion of natural food resources are the main mechanisms for the density-dependent decline in vital rates of large herbivores. The extent to which access to agricultural crops can buffer density effects in cervid populations, however, is unknown. Agricultural grasslands cover more than a third of the European agricultural area, and red deer (Cervus elaphus) use these grasslands in many European countries. Over the past few decades, such grasslands have been subject to management intensification (with renewal and fertilization) in some areas and abandonment (no longer being harvested) in other areas. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to examine the development of body masses of red deer in Norway during a period of population density increase in 16 local management units with different availability of cultivated grasslands (0.87–6.44%) in a region with active management of grasslands (Tingvoll, n = 5,780, 2000–2019) and a region with ongoing abandonment (Hitra, n = 10,598, 2007–2020). There was a consistent decline in the body mass of red deer linked to increased population density in both regions. A higher proportion of agricultural grassland was linked to higher body mass and lower density effects in both sexes and across all age classes. There is a link between body mass, survival, and reproduction. Therefore, the buffering of density effects of access to agricultural crops will fuel cervid population growth and lead to less natural regulation of abundance, making it more difficult to control dense cervid populations by harvesting.

• Mysterud, Atle; Skjelbostad, Isa Nergård; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Brekkum, Øystein & Meisingset, Erling L. (2021). Spatial clustering by red deer and its relevance for management of chronic wasting disease. Animals. ISSN 2076-2615. 11(5), s. 1–13. doi: 10.3390/ani11051272. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Simple Summary Chronic Wasting Disease is a deadly infectious disease affecting cervids that was discovered in Norway in 2016. CWD can transmit through environmental reservoirs and aggregation and spatial clustering of animals may affect transmission. Deer usually forage on scattered forage, but anthropogenic food sources are often concentrated in space, leading to spatial aggregation. We determined what caused red deer to revisit the same locations in the environment, and the extent to which this was caused by anthropogenic food sources. We document that the most visited sites were indeed anthropogenic, which opens potential avenues to disease mitigation. Abstract Herbivores like cervids usually graze on widely scattered forage, but anthropogenic food sources may cause spatial revisitation and aggregation, posing a risk for transmission of infectious diseases. In 2016, chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first detected in Norway. A legal regulation to ban supplemental feeding of cervids and to fence stored hay bales was implemented to lower aggregation of cervids. Knowledge of further patterns and causes of spatial revisitation can inform disease management. We used a recently developed revisitation analysis on GPS-positions from 13 red deer (Cervus elaphus) to identify the pattern of spatial clustering, and we visited 185 spatial clusters during winter to identify the causes of clustering. Anthropogenic food sources were found in 11.9% of spatial clusters, which represented 31.0% of the clusters in agricultural fields. Dumping of silage and hay bales were the main anthropogenic food sources (apart from agricultural fields), and unfenced hay bales were available despite the regulation. The probability of the clusters being in agricultural fields was high during winter. It may be necessary to find other ways of disposing of silage and enforcing the requirement of fencing around hay bales to ensure compliance, in particular during winters with deep snow.

• Mysterud, Atle; Rauset, Geir Rune; Van Moorter, Bram; Andersen, Roy; Strand, Olav & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2020). The last moves: The effect of hunting and culling on the risk of disease spread from a population of reindeer. Journal of Applied Ecology. ISSN 0021-8901. 57, s. 2509–2518. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13761. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  1. Hunting and culling are frequently used to combat infectious wildlife diseases. The aim is to markedly lower population density in order to limit disease transmission or to eradicate the host. Massive host culling can yield a trade-off when combating wildlife disease; it follows that intrusive actions may have unintended behavioural side effects, leading to the geographic spread of disease. The manner in which such excessive hunting and culling of hosts can affect the movement and dispersion of cervids has not been studied. 2. In this study, we quantified the behaviour (daily movements and habitat use) and dispersion of GPS-marked reindeer (n = 24) before and during the eradication of an entire population (>2,000 reindeer) infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Norway. We compared behaviour and dispersion during 10 ordinary hunting seasons (2007–2016), an extended hunting season (2017) and marksmen culling (2017/2018). 3. Seasonality had a major impact on movements. Reindeer movements during the early hunting season (20 August–20 September) did not increase the overall movements compared to that in the pre-hunt season (20 July–19 August), while extended hunting into October (as in 2017) and marksmen culling from November to February markedly increased daytime movements relative to that normally observed in this time of the year. Towards the end of the eradication, the remaining reindeer sought refuge at restricted high-elevation areas with limited forage production. Reindeer used novel areas towards the perimeter of the range, but active herding during culling stopped one herd from leaving the CWD zone. 4. Synthesis and applications. With emerging wildlife diseases, host culling is becoming a more frequently used tool for managers in Europe. Our study highlights the potential trade-off between combating disease transmission within a population and the risk of geographic spread. Such insight is important to design mitigation measures, such as perimeter fencing or herding, to avoid the risk of the geographic spread of disease in cases of severe and economically important wildlife diseases. cervids, chronic wasting disease, disease ecology, disease management, host culling, movement ecology, spatial organization, unintended side effects

• Aikens, Ellen O.; Mysterud, Atle; Merkle, Jerod A.; Cagnacci, Francesca; Rivrud, Inger Maren & Hebblewhite, Mark [Vis alle 36 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Wave-like patterns of plant phenology determine ungulate movement tactics. Current Biology. ISSN 0960-9822. 30(17), s. 3444–3449. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.032. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Animals exhibit a diversity of movement tactics [1]. Tracking resources that change across space and time is predicted to be a fundamental driver of animal movement [2]. For example, some migratory ungulates (i.e., hooved mammals) closely track the progression of highly nutritious plant green-up, a phenomenon called ‘‘green-wave surfing’’ [3–5]. Yet general principles describing how the dynamic nature of resources determine movement tactics are lacking [6]. We tested an emerging theory that predicts surfing and the existence of migratory behavior will be favored in environments where green-up is fleeting and moves sequentially across large landscapes (i.e., wave-like green-up) [7]. Landscapes exhibiting wave-like patterns of greenup facilitated surfing and explained the existence of migratory behavior across 61 populations of four ungulate species on two continents (n = 1,696 individuals). At the species level, foraging benefits were equivalent between tactics, suggesting that each movement tactic is fine-tuned to local patterns of plant phenology. For decades, ecologists have sought to understand how animals move to select habitat, commonly defining habitat as a set of static patches [8, 9]. Our findings indicate that animal movement tactics emerge as a function of the flux of resources across space and time, underscoring the need to redefine habitat to include its dynamic attributes. As global habitats continue to be modified by anthropogenic disturbance and climate change [10], our synthesis provides a generalizable framework to understand how animal movement will be influenced by altered patterns of resource phenology.

• Mysterud, Atle; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Gundersen, Vegard; Rolandsen, Christer Moe & Viljugrein, Hildegunn (2020). The unique spatial ecology of human hunters. Nature Human Behaviour. ISSN 2397-3374. 4, s. 694–701. doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0836-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Debeffe, Lucie Isabelle; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Meisingset, Erling L. & Mysterud, Atle (2019). Sex-specific differences in spring and autumn migration in a northern large herbivore. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 9, s. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42639-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Ongoing global warming is now affecting migratory cycles in a large variety of taxa in seasonally variable environments. Disruption of migratory systems can cause population decline and affect ecosystem function across the globe. It is therefore urgent to understand the drivers of migration and how the different fitness limitations of the sexes affect migration, but studies seldom considered the full annual cycle. We analysed the annual migration cycle of 237 red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Norway and investigate how different seasonal limitations affected the variation in a suite of migration characteristics. We found fundamental differences in migration phenology between seasons, and migratory traits were much more variable in males. Spring migratory movements were characterized by longer distance roamed, lower speed, lasted longer, more frequent use of stopovers, timing was more synchronized and coincided with onset of plant growth, and with higher daily activity levels. Timing of autumn migration was more variable and not closely related to cease of plant growth. Our study emphasizes the benefits of studying the full annual cycle to gain further insight into the migration process, and how understanding the limitations of the full annual migration process of both sexes is critical for conservation purposes.

• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Meisingset, Erling L.; Loe, Leif Egil & Mysterud, Atle (2019). Future suitability of habitat in a migratory ungulate under climate change. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 286(1899). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0442. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  With climate change, the effect of global warming on snow cover is expected to cause range expansion and enhance habitat suitability for species at their northern distribution limits. However, how this depends on landscape topography and sex in size-dimorphic species remains uncertain, and is further complicated for migratory animals following climate-driven seasonal resource fluctuations across vast landscapes. Using 11 years of data from a partially migratory ungulate at their northern distribution ranges, the red deer (Cervus elaphus), we predicted sex-specific summer and winter habitat suitability in diverse landscapes under medium and severe global warming. We found large increases in future winter habitat suitability, resulting in expansion of winter ranges as currently unsuitable habitat became suitable. Even moderate warming decreased snow cover substantially, with no suitability difference between warming scenarios. Winter ranges will hence not expand linearly with warming, even for species at their northern distribution limits. Although less pronounced than in winter, summer ranges also expanded and more so under severe warming. Summer habitat suitability was positively correlated with landscape topography and ranges expanded more for females than males. Our study highlights the complexity of predicting future habitat suitability for conservation and management of size-dimorphic, migratory species under global warming.

• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Frank, Shane; Bischof, Richard; Mysterud, Atle; Steyaert, Sam & Hertel, Anne Gabriela [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Heritability of head size in a hunted large carnivore, the brown bear (Ursus arctos). Evolutionary Applications. ISSN 1752-4571. 12(6), s. 1124–1135. doi: 10.1111/eva.12786. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Wild animal populations experience selection pressures from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The availability of extensive pedigrees is increasing along with our ability to quantify the heritability and evolvability of phenotypic traits and thus the speed and potential for evolutionary change in wild populations. The environment may also affect gene expressions in individuals, which may in turn affect the potential of phenotypic traits to respond to selection. Knowledge about the relationship between the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation is particularly relevant, given ongoing anthropogenically driven global change. Using a quantitative genetic mixed model, we disentangled the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variance in a large carnivore, the brown bear (Ursus arctos). We combined a pedigree covering ~1,500 individual bears over seven generations with location data from 413 bears, as well as data on bear density, habitat characteristics, and climatic conditions. We found a narrow‐sense heritability of 0.24 (95% CrI: 0.06–0.38) for brown bear head size, showing that the trait can respond to selection at a moderate speed. The environment contributed substantially to phenotypic variation, and we partitioned this into birth year (5.9%), nonadditive among‐individual genetic (15.0%), and residual (50.4%) environmental effects. Brown bear head circumference showed an evolvability of 0.2%, which can generate large changes in the trait mean over some hundreds of generations. Our study is among the first to quantify heritability of a trait in a hunted large carnivore population. Such knowledge about the degree to which species experiencing hunting can respond to selection is crucial for conservation and to make informed management decisions. We show that including important environmental variables when analyzing heritability is key to understanding the dynamics of the evolutionary potential of phenotypic traits.

• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Sivertsen, Therese Ramberg; Mysterud, Atle; Åhman, Birgitta; Støen, Ole-Gunnar & Skarin, Anna (2018). Reindeer green-wave surfing constrained by predators. Ecosphere. ISSN 2150-8925. 9(5). doi: 10.1002/ecs2.2210. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Migratory large herbivores in seasonal environments are known to follow the onset of new growth during spring, so‐called green‐wave surfing. This ensures prolonged access to forage with an optimal balance between forage quality and quantity. Many studies have focused on herbivores’ ability to follow the spring flush, but without considering potential constraints to surfing the green wave. The presence of predators is likely to be such a limitation, which could force herbivores to deviate from the optimal movement patterns in terms of forage access. We compared how well 319 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from seven different populations followed the green‐up at different population densities of brown bear (Ursus arctos). We found that reindeer at higher bear densities selected movement paths with lower access to high‐quality forage and deviated more in time from following the peak of the green wave, thus missing out on valuable forage. In addition, reindeer generally moved faster at higher bear densities, but this pattern was more consistent in forest habitats. Our results indicate that reindeer are forced to deviate from following the spring flush and alter their movement pattern in areas with high bear densities, which may lead to reduced body condition for reindeer experiencing high predation risk. With the recent recolonization of large carnivores in northern ecosystems, it is critical to understand the direct and indirect effects of predators on large herbivores in order to assess effects on population dynamics and potentially cascading consequences on ecosystem function.

• Bischof, Richard; Bonenfant, Christophe; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Zedrosser, Andreas; Friebe, Andrea & Coulson, Tim [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Regulated hunting re-shapes the life history of brown bears. Nature Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2397-334X. 2(1), s. 116–123. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0400-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Management of large carnivores is among the most controversial topics in natural resource administration. Regulated hunting is a centrepiece of many carnivore management programmes and, although a number of hunting effects on population dynamics, body-size distributions and life history in other wildlife have been observed, its effects on life history and demography of large carnivores remain poorly documented. We report results from a 30-year study of brown bears (Ursus arctos) analysed using an integrated hierarchical approach. Our study revealed that regulated hunting has severely disrupted the interplay between age-specific survival and environmental factors, altered the consequences of reproductive strategies, and changed reproductive values and life expectancy in a population of the world’s largest terrestrial carnivore. Protection and sustainable management have led to numerical recovery of several populations of large carnivores, but managers and policymakers should be aware of the extent to which regulated hunting may be influencing vital rates, thereby reshaping the life history of apex predators.

• Meisingset, Erling L.; Loe, Leif Egil; Brekkum, Øystein; Bischof, Richard; Rivrud, Inger Maren & Lande, Unni Støbet [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Spatial mismatch between management units and movement ecology of a partially migratory ungulate. Journal of Applied Ecology. ISSN 0021-8901. 55(2), s. 745–753. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  1. Population-level management is difficult to achieve if wildlife routinely crosses administrative boundaries, as is particularly frequent for migratory populations. However, the degree of mismatch between management units and scales at which ecological processes operate has rarely been quantified. Such insight is vital for delimiting functional population units of partially migratory species common in northern forest ecosystems. 2. We combined an extensive dataset of 412 GPS-marked red deer (Cervus elaphus) across Norway with information on the size and borders of two administrative levels, the governmental level (municipality) and landowner level (local management units, LMUs), to determine the timing and scale of mismatch between animal space use and management units. We analysed how landscape characteristics affected the use of management units and the timing and likelihood of crossing borders between them, in an effort to delineate more appropriate units in various landscapes. 3. Median municipality size could potentially cover 70% of female and 62% of male annual ranges, while only 12% and 4% of LMUs were expansive enough to accommodate migratory routes in females and males, respectively. Red deer migrate along elevational gradients and are more likely to find both suitable lowland winter habitat and higher summer habitat within management units with variable topography. Consistent with this, the likelihood of border crossing decreased with increasing diversity of elevations. 4. Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate a considerable mismatch between animal space use and management units. Far-ranging movements and frequent administrative border crossings during autumn migration coincides with the period of active management (hunting season). Our study also highlights that, due to extensive movements of males, coordination of management aims may provide a more realistic avenue than increasing sizes of local management units. A more general insight is that the degree of mismatch between range use and management units depends on the season and landscape type. This needs to be accounted for when delimitating functional population units of migratory populations.

• Debeffe, Lucie Isabelle; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Brekkum, Øystein; Meisingset, Erling L. & Mysterud, Atle (2017). Implications of the forage maturation hypothesis for activity of partially migratory male and female deer . Ecosphere. ISSN 2150-8925. 8(12), s. 1–16. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.2050. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Partial migration is common in a large variety of taxa in seasonally variable environments. Understanding the mechanisms underlying migration is important, as migration affects individual fi tness. Migratory herbivores bene fi t from delayed forage maturation and hence higher food quality during migra- tion and at their summer range, termed the forage maturation hypothesis (FMH). The link between diet quality and rumination time allows migrants eating a higher quality diet to spend less time on rumination, and they can thus allocate more time to additional feeding. However, such an argument implicitly assumes that deer are energy maximizers, while studies have reported also time minimization strategies under risk of predation. Male and female distributions are limited by different factors linked to both body size differ- ences and reproductive strategies, but there is no study investigating differences in activity pattern accord- ing to the individual migratory patterns for male and female deer. We here unify the FMH with the hypotheses predicting sex-speci fi c time allocation strategies. To test predictions of sex-speci fi c activity of resident and migratory red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), we analyzed activity data of 286 individuals that were fi tted with GPS collars from a population in western Norway. While migrants were more active during the migration itself, we found no differences in activity pattern between migrant and resident deer during the main growth season, neither in terms of proportion of daily time active nor in terms of daily mean movement speed, thus rejecting that deer were energy maximizers. Overall, we found that females were more active during the main growth season even after controlling for body size differences. These patterns are consistent with patterns predicted from sexual segregation theory linked to the reproductive strategy hypothesis. Our study highlights how the understanding of migration can be advanced by considering it in the context of different reproductive strategies of males and females.

• Mysterud, Atle; Vike, Brit Karen; Meisingset, Erling L. & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2017). The role of landscape characteristics for forage maturation and nutritional benefits of migration in red deer. Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2045-7758. 7(12), s. 4448–4455. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Large herbivores gain nutritional benefits from following the sequential flush of newly emergent, high- quality forage along environmental gradients in the landscape, termed green wave surfing. Which landscape characteristics underlie the environmental gradi-ent causing the green wave and to what extent landscape characteristics alone explain individual variation in nutritional benefits remain unresolved questions. Here, we com-bine GPS data from 346 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from four partially migratory popula-tions in Norway with the satellite- derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), an index of plant phenology. We quantify whether migratory deer had access to higher quality forage than resident deer, how landscape characteristics within sum-mer home ranges affected nutritional benefits, and whether differences in landscape characteristics could explain differences in nutritional gain between migratory and resident deer. We found that migratory red deer gained access to higher quality forage than resident deer but that this difference persisted even after controlling for land-scape characteristics within the summer home ranges. There was a positive effect of elevation on access to high- quality forage, but only for migratory deer. We discuss how the landscape an ungulate inhabits may determine its responses to plant phenol-ogy and also highlight how individual behavior may influence nutritional gain beyond the effect of landscape.

• Diekert, Florian Klaus; Richter, Andries Peter; Rivrud, Inger Maren & Mysterud, Atle (2016). How constraints affect the hunter's decision to shoot a deer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 113(50), s. 14450–14455. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1607685113.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Heurich, Marco; Krupczynski, Philipp; Müller, Jörg & Mysterud, Atle (2016). Green wave tracking by large herbivores: an experimental approach. Ecology. ISSN 0012-9658. 97(12), s. 3547–3553. doi: 10.1002/ecy.1596.
• Loe, Leif Egil; Hansen, Brage Bremset; Stien, Audun; Albon, Steve D.; Bischof, Richard & Carlsson, Anja M. [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Behavioral buffering of extreme weather events in a high-Arctic herbivore. Ecosphere. ISSN 2150-8925. 7(6). doi: 10.1002/ecs2.1374. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  As global warming advances, there is a growing concern about the impact of extreme weather events on ecosystems. In the Arctic, more frequent unseasonal warm spells and rain-on- snow events in winter cause changes in snow-pack properties, including ground icing. Such extreme weather events are known to have severe effects across trophic levels, for instance, causing die-offs of large herbivores. However, the extent to which individuals and populations are able to buffer such events through behavioral plasticity is poorly understood. Here, we analyze responses in space use to rain-on- snow and icing events, and their fitness correlates, in wild reindeer in high-Arctic Svalbard. Range displacement among GPS-collared females occurred mainly in icy winters to areas with less ice, lower over-winter body mass loss, lower mortality rate, and higher subsequent fecundity, than the departure area. Our study provides rare empirical evidence that mammals may buffer negative effects of climate change and extreme weather events by adjusting behavior in highly stochastic environments. Under global warming, behavioral buffering may be important for the long-term population persistence in mobile species with long generation time and therefore limited ability for rapid evolutionary adaptation. Arctic; climate; GPS; ice; ideal-free distribution; migration; movement; Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus; space use; Svalbard; Svalbard reindeer; time-to-event analysis.

• Loe, Leif Egil; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Meisingset, Erling L.; Bøe, Silje; Hamnes, Martine & Veiberg, Vebjørn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Timing of the hunting season as a tool to redistribute harvest of migratory deer across the landscape. European Journal of Wildlife Research. ISSN 1612-4642. 62(3), s. 315–323. doi: 10.1007/s10344-016-1004-2.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Bischof, Richard; Meisingset, Erling L.; Zimmermann, Barbara; Loe, Leif Egil & Mysterud, Atle (2016). Leave before it's too late: Anthropogenic and environmental triggers of autumn migration in a hunted ungulate population. Ecology. ISSN 0012-9658. 97(4), s. 1058–1068. doi: 10.1890/15-1191.1.
• Colman, Jonathan Edward; Alemu, Diress Tsegaye; Flydal, Kjetil; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Reimers, Egill & Eftestøl, Sindre (2015). High-voltage power lines near wild reindeer calving areas. European Journal of Wildlife Research. ISSN 1612-4642. 61(6), s. 881–893. doi: 10.1007/s10344-015-0965-x.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Meisingset, Erling L.; Loe, Leif Egil & Mysterud, Atle (2014). Interaction effects between weather and space use on harvesting effort and patterns in red deer. Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2045-7758. 4(24), s. 4786–4797. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1318. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Sonkoly, Krisztina; Lehoczki, Róbert; Csányi, Sándor; Storvik, Geir Olve & Mysterud, Atle (2013). Hunter selection and long-term trend (1881-2008) of red deer trophy sizes in Hungary. Journal of Applied Ecology. ISSN 0021-8901. 50(1), s. 168–180. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12004.
• van Beest, Floris; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Loe, Leif Egil; Milner, Jocelyn Margarey & Mysterud, Atle (2011). What determines variation in home range size across spatiotemporal scales in a large browsing herbivore? Journal of Animal Ecology. ISSN 0021-8790. 80(4), s. 771–785. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01829.x.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Loe, Leif Egil & Mysterud, Atle (2010). How does local weather predict red deer home range size at different temporal scales? Journal of Animal Ecology. ISSN 0021-8790. 79(6), s. 1280–1295. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01731.x.
• Godvik, Inger Maren Rivrud; Loe, Leif Egil; Vik, Jon Olav; Veiberg, Vebjørn; Langvatn, R & Mysterud, Atle (2009). Temporal scales, trade-offs, and functional responses in red deer habitat selection. Ecology. ISSN 0012-9658. 90(3), s. 699–710. doi: 10.1890/08-0576.1.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Odden, John & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2023). Kan jervtetthet forklare tap av sau?
• Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Odden, John; Thorsen, Neri Horntvedt & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2020). Overvåking av villsvinbestanden i Norge.
• Odden, John; Rosvold, Jørgen; Rolandsen, Christer Moe & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2020). Villsvin i Norge - hva nå? Aftenposten Viten. ISSN 2464-3033. s. 42–42.
• Meisingset, Erling L. & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2019). Hjortens tilgang på sommer- og vinterbeite under fremtidige klimaendringer.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren (2017). Factors affecting seasonal migration in ungulates.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren (2016). Jegernes påvirkning på hjortens høsttrekk.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren (2016). Heritability of body size in a wild mammal: The brown bear (Ursus arctos).
• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Mysterud, Atle & Meisingset, Erling L. (2016). Jegerne påvirker hjortens trekk om høsten. Jakt og fiske. ISSN 0800-3041. 145(3), s. 52–55.
• Loe, Leif Egil; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Meisingset, Erling L.; Bøe, Silje; Hamnes, Martine & Veiberg, Vebjørn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Tidligere jaktstart fører til økt avskytning i hjortens sommerområder. Hjorteviltet. ISSN 1502-3729. s. 79–81.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren (2015). Delimiting functional management units for partially migratory deer populations (DeerUnit).
• Diekert, Florian Klaus; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Mysterud, Atle & Richter, Andries Peter (2015). Hunting:How social institutions shape selection pressure.
• Meisingset, Erling L.; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Loe, Leif Egil; Zimmermann, Barbara; Brekkum, Øystein & Mysterud, Atle (2015). Hjortens områdebruk om høsten. Hjorteviltet. ISSN 1502-3729. 25, s. 101–103.
• Vike, Brit Karen; Mysterud, Atle; Meisingset, Erling L. & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2014). Red deer migration and dietary quality: testing the forage maturation hypothesis.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren (2012). Towards sustainable trophy hunting: No evidence of a long term negative trend (1881-2008) of red deer antler sizes with restricted trophy hunting in Hungary.
• Godvik, Inger Maren Rivrud; Mysterud, Atle; Loe, Leif Egil; Kleveland, Kirsten; Veiberg, Vebjørn & Langvatn, Rolf (2008). Her finner du hjorten! Jakt og fiske. ISSN 0800-3041. 137(4), s. 44–46.
• Godvik, Inger Maren Rivrud; Mysterud, Atle; Loe, Leif Egil; Kleveland, Kirsten; Veiberg, Vebjørn & Langvatn, Rolf (2008). Hjortens vandringer og bruk av leveområdet i Sogn og Fjordane. Hjorteviltet. ISSN 1502-3729. 18, s. 76–81.
• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Odden, John; Davey, Marie Louise; Thorsen, Neri Horntvedt; Rolandsen, Christer Moe & Støen, Ole-Gunnar [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Villsvin i Norge. Bestandsovervåking: Utbredelse, områdebruk og diett. Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). ISSN 978-82-426-5260-7. Vis sammendrag

  Villsvin, Sus scrofa, overvåking, utbredelse, kamerafeller, viltkamera, områdebruk, bevegelsesmønstre, radiomerking, diett, DNA-metastrekkoding, afrikansk svinepest, SCANDCAM, Norge

• Odden, John; Thorsen, Neri Horntvedt; Bahlk, Sunniva Helene; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Rivrud, Inger Maren & Rosvold, Jørgen (2023). Bestandsovervåking av villsvin – Status 2022. Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). ISSN 978-82-426-5091-7. Vis sammendrag

  NINA kartlegger utbredelsen og bestandsutvikling hos villsvin på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet. I denne rapporten presenterer vi tilgjengelig kunnskap om utbredelse og utvikling i antall villsvin i Norge, og ser på hvordan utviklingen i bestanden har vært siden 2021. I arbeidet med å kartlegge utbredelsen av villsvin i Norge benyttet vi observasjoner fra SCANDCAM sitt nettverk av kamerafeller, Artsobservasjoner, fallviltdata på villsvin i Hjorteviltregisteret, og lokaliteten til skutte villsvin rapportert til NINA og Veterinærinstituttet. Hovedutbredelsen av villsvin er langs svenskegrensa, fra Halden i sør til Elverum i nord, men enkeltindivider på spredning kan forventes å forekomme over store deler av Sør-Norge. Det observeres klart flest villsvin på kamerafellene i kommunene Halden og Aremark. I jaktåret 2021/2022 ble 79 % av alle felte villsvin skutt i disse to kommunene. Jaktstatistikken viser en nedgang i antall rapportert felte villsvin i både Innlandet og Viken. Det er første gang antall skutte villsvin har sunket siden 2014/15. Vi ser at frekvensen av villsvinobservasjoner på kamerafellene i Akershus/Østfold ser ut til å være stabil, mens det er en kraftig nedgang i antall observasjoner på kamerafellene i Innlandet. Samlet sett gir dataene et klart inntrykk av at villsvinbestanden i kjerneområdene i Aremark og Halden er stabil, men at det er en nedgang i Hedmark.

• Odden, John; Thorsen, Neri Horntvedt; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Kindberg, Jonas & Rosvold, Jørgen (2022). Bestandsovervåking av villsvin. Status og forslag til overvåkingsmetodikk. Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). ISSN 978-82-426-4889-1. Vis sammendrag

  Villsvin, Sus scrofa, Overvåking, Utbredelse, tetthet, Random encounter model, kamerafeller, SCANDCAM Norge

• Støen, Ole-Gunnar; Thorsen, Neri Horntvedt; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Rivrud, Inger Maren & Kindberg, Jonas (2021). Brunbjørnbinners arealbehov og betydningen av svensk forvaltning for bestandsutviklingen i Region 6. Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). ISSN 978-82-426-4730-6. Vis sammendrag

  Trøndelag - Sverige - brown bear - brunbjørn - arealbruk - habitat - populasjonsutvikling - forvaltning- Ursus arctos - area use - habitat - population development - management

• Rivrud, Inger Maren; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Rauset, Geir Rune; Kvasnes, Mikkel Andreas Jørnsøn; Mysterud, Atle & Solberg, Erling Johan (2020). Hjorteviltpåkjørsler i Norge: Årsaksforhold, lokalisering, risiko og datakvalitet. Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). ISSN 978-82-426-4564-7.
• Solberg, Erling Johan; Rivrud, Inger Maren; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Veiberg, Vebjørn; Rolandsen, Christer Moe & Meisingset, Erling L. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Bestandsreduksjon av elg og hjort i Nordfjella-regionen i perioden 2019-2020. Forslag til avskytingsstrategier. Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). ISSN 978-82-426-3413-9. Vis sammendrag

• Meisingset, Erling L.; Brekkum, Øystein; Loe, Leif Egil; Aarhus, Arve; Lande, Unni Støbet & Rivrud, Inger Maren [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Hjortemerkeprosjektet i Sunnfjord og Sogn – Sluttrapport. Bioforsk Økologisk. ISSN 978-82-17-00958-0.
• Mysterud, Atle; Loe, Leif Egil; Meisingset, Erling; Zimmermann, Barbara; Hjeltnes, Arne William & Veiberg, Vebjørn [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Hjorten i det norske kulturlandskapet: arealbruk, bærekraft og næring. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-90934-80-9.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin