Stein Gjessing

• Welzl, Michael; Teymoori, Peyman; Islam, Md Safiqul; Hutchison, David & Gjessing, Stein (2022). Future Internet Congestion Control: The Diminishing Feedback Problem. IEEE Communications Magazine. ISSN 0163-6804. 60(9), p. 87–92. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.006.2200008. Show summary

  It is increasingly difficult for Internet congestion control mechanisms to obtain the feedback that they need. This lack of feedback can have severe performance implications, and it is bound to become worse. In the long run, the problem may only be fixable by fundamentally changing the way congestion control is done in the Internet. We substantiate this claim by looking at the evolution of the Internet's infrastructure over the past 30 years, and by examining the most common behavior of Internet traffic. Considering the goals that congestion control mechanisms are intended to address, and taking into account contextual developments in the Internet ecosystem, we arrive at conclusions and recommendations about possible future congestion control design directions. In particular, we argue that congestion control mechanisms should move away from their strict “end-to-end” adherence. This change would benefit from avoiding a “one size fits all circumstances” approach, and moving toward a more selective set of mechanisms that will result in a better performing Internet. We also discuss how this future vision differs from today's use of performance enhancing proxies.

• Teymoori, Peyman; Hayes, David Andrew; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2021). Estimating an Additive Path Cost with Explicit Congestion Notification. IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems. ISSN 2325-5870. doi: 10.1109/TCNS.2021.3053179. Full text in Research Archive
• Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Fairhurst, Gorry; Elmokashfi, Ahmed; Dreibholz, Thomas & Gjessing, Stein (2020). On the Usability of Transport Protocols other than TCP: A Home Gateway and Internet Path Traversal Study. Computer Networks. ISSN 1389-1286. 173. doi: 10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107211. Full text in Research Archive
• Welzl, Michael; Teymoori, Peyman; Gjessing, Stein & Islam, Safiqul (2020). Follow the Model: How Recursive Networking Can Solve the Internet's Congestion Control Problems, 2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) . IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-7281-4905-9. p. 518–524. doi: 10.1109/ICNC47757.2020.9049648. Full text in Research Archive
• Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Teymoori, Peyman; Islam, Safiqul & Gjessing, Stein (2020). Performance Evaluation of In-network Packet Retransmissions using Markov Chains, 2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) . IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-7281-4905-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Marek, Marcel; Teymoori, Peyman; Gjessing, Stein & Welzl, Michael (2019). High-Rate Data Transfer with Congestion-Aware Multipath Routing. In Unknown, Person (Eds.), IEEE GLOBECOM 2019 Workshops. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-7281-0961-9. doi: 10.1109/GCWkshps45667.2019.9024564.
• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2019). How to Control a TCP: Minimally-Invasive Congestion Management for Datacenters. In Ansari, Nirwan & Wang, Honggang (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC): Green Computing, Networking, and Communications. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-5386-9223-3. p. 121–125. doi: 10.1109/ICCNC.2019.8685516. Full text in Research Archive
• Welzl, Michael; Islam, Safiqul; Barik, Runa; Gjessing, Stein & Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa Abdalla (2019). Investigating the Delay Impact of the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP). In Ansari, Nirwan & Wang, Honggang (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC): Green Computing, Networking, and Communications. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-5386-9223-3. p. 612–616. doi: 10.1109/ICCNC.2019.8685538. Full text in Research Archive
• Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Elmokashfi, Ahmed; Dreibholz, Thomas; Islam, Safiqul & Gjessing, Stein (2019). On the Utility of Unregulated IP DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) Usage by End Systems. Performance evaluation (Print). ISSN 0166-5316. 135. doi: 10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036. Full text in Research Archive
• Mirmotahari, Omid; Berg, Yngvar; Gjessing, Stein; Fremstad, Ester & Damsa, Crina I. (2019). A Case-Study of Automated Feedback Assessment. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON. ISSN 2165-9559. April-2019, p. 1190–1197. doi: 10.1109/EDUCON.2019.8725249. Full text in Research Archive
• Kure, Endre Hegland; Engelstad, Paal E.; Maharjan, Sabita; Gjessing, Stein & Zhang, Yan (2018). Distributed Uplink Offloading for IoT in 5G Heterogeneous Networks under Private Information Constraints. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. ISSN 2327-4662. 6(4), p. 6151–6164. doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2886703.
• Yu, Rong; Jiefei, Ding; Maharjan, Sabita; Gjessing, Stein; Zhang, Yan & Tsang, Danny Hin-Kwok (2018). Decentralized and Optimal Resource Cooperation in Geo-Distributed Mobile Cloud Computing. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing. ISSN 2168-6750. 6(1), p. 72–84. doi: 10.1109/TETC.2015.2479093.
• Kure, Endre Hegland; Engelstad, Paal E.; Maharjan, Sabita; Gjessing, Stein; Zhang, Xing & Zhang, Yan (2018). Energy Usage Forecasting for LTE: A Network-Wide Traffic Measurements Study. In NN, N (Eds.), 2018 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM). IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-5386-4727-1. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2018.8644423. Full text in Research Archive
• Kure, Endre Hegland; Maharjan, Sabita; Gjessing, Stein & Zhang, Yan (2018). A Distributed Offloading Market for 5G Heterogeneous Networks. In NN, N (Eds.), 2018 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM). IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-5386-4727-1. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647676. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhang, Ke; Mao, Yuming; Leng, Supeng; He, Yejun; Maharjan, Sabita & Gjessing, Stein [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Optimal Charging Schemes for Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid: A Contract Theoretic Approach. IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). ISSN 1524-9050. 19(9), p. 3046–3058. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2018.2841965.
• Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa Abdalla; Dreibholz, Thomas & Gjessing, Stein (2018). Can WebRTC QoS Work? A DSCP Measurement Study. In Reichl, Peter; Hossfeld, Tobias; Guiseppe, Bianchi; Zinner, Tobias & Altman, Eitan (Ed.), ITC 30 - Teletraffic in a Smart World. IEEE Press. ISSN 978-0-9883045-5-0. p. 167–175. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1109/ITC30.2018.00034.
• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2018). Lightweight and flexible single-path congestion control coupling, NOMS 2018 - 2018 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-5386-3416-5. p. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/NOMS.2018.8406137. Full text in Research Archive
• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael; Hiorth, Kristian Andreas; Hayes, David; Armitage, Grenville & Gjessing, Stein (2018). ctrlTCP: Reducing latency through coupled, heterogeneous multi-flow TCP congestion control, IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS). IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-5386-5979-3. p. 214–219. doi: 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406887. Full text in Research Archive
• Mirmotahari, Omid; Hiorth, Kristian Andreas; Gjessing, Stein; Fremstad, Ester & Damsa, Crina I. (2018). En eksempel-studie av automatisk tilbakemelding for programmeringsfag i høyere utdanning. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. 1(1). Full text in Research Archive
• Lyu, Xinchen; Tian, Hui; Jiang, Li; Vinel, Alexey; Maharjan, Sabita & Gjessing, Stein [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Selective Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing for the Green Internet of Things. IEEE Network. ISSN 0890-8044. 32(1), p. 54–60. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2018.1700101.
• Marek, Marcel; Teymoori, Peyman; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2018). Computer-Aided Reproducibility. In IEEE, . (Eds.), Proceedings of International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC 2018). IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 1111111111. p. 127–133. doi: 10.1109/ICCNC.2018.8390274. Full text in Research Archive
• Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa Abdalla; Gjessing, Stein & Islam, Safiqul (2017). fling: A Flexible Ping for Middlebox Measurements. In Davoli, Franco & Jain, Nikhil (Ed.), Teletraffic Congress (ITC 29), 2017 29th International. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-0-9883045-3-6. p. 134–142. doi: 10.23919/ITC.2017.8064349. Full text in Research Archive
• Huang, Xumin; Yu, Rong; Kang, Jiawen; Gao, Yue; Maharjan, Sabita & Gjessing, Stein [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Software Defined Energy Harvesting Networking for 5G Green Communications. IEEE wireless communications. ISSN 1536-1284. 24(4), p. 38–45. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2017.1600360.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein & Tsang, Danny Hin-Kwok (2017). User-Centric Demand Response Management in the Smart Grid with Multiple Providers. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing. ISSN 2168-6750. 5(4), p. 494–505. doi: 10.1109/TETC.2014.2335541.
• Yu, Rong; Zhang, Yan; Liu, Yi; Gjessing, Stein & Guizani, Mohsen (2016). Securing cognitive radio networks against primary user emulation attacks. IEEE Network. ISSN 0890-8044. 30(6), p. 62–69. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2016.1200149NM.
• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael; Gjessing, Stein & You, Jianjie (2016). OpenTCP: Combining congestion controls of parallel TCP connections. In Guojian Cheng, Xi'an (Eds.), 2016 IEEE Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-4673-9613-4. p. 194–198. doi: 10.1109/IMCEC.2016.7867199.
• Kang, Jiawen; Yu, Rong; Huang, Xumin; Jonsson, Magnus; Bogucka, Hanna & Gjessing, Stein [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Location privacy attacks and defenses in cloud-enabled internet of vehicles. IEEE wireless communications. ISSN 1536-1284. 23(5), p. 52–59. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2016.7721742.
• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael; Hayes, David Andrew & Gjessing, Stein (2016). Managing Real-Time Media Flows through a Flow State Exchange. In Badonnel, Semma (Eds.), Proceedings of NOMS 2016 - 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-5090-0223-8. p. 112–120. doi: 10.1109/NOMS.2016.7502803.
• Teymoori, Peyman; Welzl, Michael; Gjessing, Stein; Grasa, Eduard; Riggio, Roberto & Rausch, Kewin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Congestion control in the recursive InterNetworking Architecture (RINA). In Bregni, Stefano & Fonseca, Nelson (Ed.), IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2016). IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-4799-6664-6. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2016.7510818.
• Teymoori, Peyman; Hayes, David Andrew; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2016). Even Lower Latency, Even Better Fairness: Logistic Growth Congestion Control in Datacenter. In Kanhere, Salil & Mnaouer, Adel Ben (Ed.), Proceedings 2016 IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) 2016. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-5090-2054-6. p. 10–18. doi: 10.1109/LCN.2016.12.
• Welzl, Michael; Gjessing, Stein & Jahre, Håkon Botnmark (2016). Fighting fire with fire: Eliminating standing queues with large UDP packet floods. In Yang, Liuqing (Eds.), Proceedings of International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2016. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-4673-8579-4. p. 656–660. doi: 10.1109/ICCNC.2016.7440667.
• Yu, Rong; Ding, Jiefei; Huang, Xumin; Zhou, Ming-Tuo; Gjessing, Stein & Zhang, Yan (2016). Optimal Resource Sharing in 5G-Enabled Vehicular Networks: A Matrix Game Approach. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. ISSN 0018-9545. 65(10), p. 7844–7856. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2016.2536441.
• Jiang, Lei; Tian, Hui; Qin, Cheng; Gjessing, Stein & Zhang, Yan (2016). Secure beamforming in wireless-powered cooperative cognitive radio networks. IEEE Communications Letters. ISSN 1089-7798. 20(3), p. 522–525. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2514353.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2016). Optimal Incentive Design for Cloud-Enabled Multimedia Crowdsourcing. IEEE transactions on multimedia. ISSN 1520-9210. 18(12), p. 2470–2481. doi: 10.1109/TMM.2016.2604080.
• Jiang, Li; Tian, Hui; Xing, Zi; Wang, Kun; Zhang, Ke & Maharjan, Sabita [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Social-aware energy harvesting device-to-device communications in 5G networks. IEEE wireless communications. ISSN 1536-1284. 23(4), p. 20–27. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2016.7553022.
• Yu, Rong; Kang, Jiawen; Huang, Xumin; Xie, Shengli; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2016). MixGroup: Accumulative Pseudonym Exchanging for Location Privacy Enhancement in Vehicular Social Networks. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing. ISSN 1545-5971. 13(1), p. 93–105. doi: 10.1109/TDSC.2015.2399291.
• Yu, Rong; Zhong, Weifeng; Xie, Shengli; Yuen, Chau; Gjessing, Stein & Zhang, Yan (2016). Balancing Power Demand Through EV Mobility in Vehicle-to-Grid Mobile Energy Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. ISSN 1551-3203. 12(1), p. 79–90. doi: 10.1109/TII.2015.2494884.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhu, Quanyan; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein & Basar, Tamer (2016). Demand response management in the smart grid in a large population regime. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. ISSN 1949-3053. 7(1), p. 189–199. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2431324.
• Briscoe, Bob; Brunstrom, Anna; Petlund, Andreas; Hayes, David Andrew; Ros, David & Tsang, Ing-Jyh [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Reducing internet latency: a survey of techniques and their merits. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials. ISSN 1553-877X. 18(3), p. 2149–2196. doi: 10.1109/COMST.2014.2375213.
• Yu, Rong; Ding, Jiefei; Zhong, Weifeng; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein & Vinel, Alexey [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Price-based energy control for V2G networks in the industrial smart grid. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web. ISSN 2032-944X. 15:e5(5), p. 1–6. doi: 10.4108/icst.iniscom.2015.258353.
• Zeng, Ming; Leng, Supeng; Maharjan, Sabita; Gjessing, Stein & He, Jianhua (2015). An incentivized auction-based group-selling approach for demand response management in V2G systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. ISSN 1551-3203. 11(6), p. 1554–1563. doi: 10.1109/TII.2015.2482948.
• Khoshkholgh, Mohammad G.; Navaie, Keivan; Shin, Kang G.; Liu, CH; Zhang, Yan & Leung, Victor C.M. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). On the impact of delay constraint on the multicast outage in wireless fading environment. IEEE International Conference on Communications. ISSN 1550-3607. 2015-September, p. 3714–3719. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2015.7248902.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein; Ulleberg, Øystein & Eliassen, Frank (2015). Providing Microgrid Resilience during Emergencies using Distributed Energy Resources. In Tiedemann, Ed; Krishnaswamy, Dilip & Prasad, Neeli R. (Ed.), 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-4673-9526-7. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2015.7414031.
• Zeng, Ming; Leng, Supeng; Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2015). Group Bidding for Guaranteed Quality of Energy in V2G Smart Grid Networks, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2015. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-4673-6432-4. p. 5266–5271. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2015.7249160.
• Yu, Rong; Ding, Jiefei; Maharjan, Sabita; Gjessing, Stein; Zhang, Yan & Tsang, Danny Hin-Kwok (2015). Decentralized and Optimal Resource Cooperation in Geo-distributed Mobile Cloud Computing. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing. ISSN 2168-6750. PP(99). doi: 10.1109/TETC.2015.2479093.
• Yu, Rong; Huang, Xumin; Kang, Jiawen; Ding, Jiefei; Maharjan, Sabita & Gjessing, Stein [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Cooperative Resource Management in Cloud-Enabled Vehicular Networks. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982. Print). ISSN 0278-0046. 62(12), p. 7938–7951. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2481792.
• Ding, Jiefei; Yu, Rong; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein & Tsang, Danny Hin-Kwok (2015). Service provider competition and cooperation in cloud-based software defined wireless networks. IEEE Communications Magazine. ISSN 0163-6804. 53(11), p. 134–140. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7321982.
• Yu, Rong; Zhang, Yan; Liu, Yi; Gjessing, Stein & Guizani, Mohsen (2015). Securing cognitive radio networks against primary user emulation attacks. IEEE Network. ISSN 0890-8044. 29(4), p. 68–74. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2015.7166193.
• Kang, Jiawen; Yu, Rong; Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan; Huang, Xumin & Xie, Shengli [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Toward secure energy harvesting cooperative networks. IEEE Communications Magazine. ISSN 0163-6804. 53(8), p. 114–121. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7180517.
• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael; Gjessing, Stein & Khademi, Naeem (2015). Coupled congestion control for RTP media. Computer communication review. ISSN 0146-4833. 44(4). doi: 10.1145/2630088.2630089.
• Khoshkholgh, Mohammad G.; Zhang, Yan; Chen, Kwang-Cheng; Shin, Kang G. & Gjessing, Stein (2015). Connectivity of Cognitive Device-to-Device Communications Underlying Cellular Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. ISSN 0733-8716. 33(1), p. 81–99. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2014.2369611.
• Welzl, Michael; Gjessing, Stein & Khademi, Naeem (2014). Less-than-best-effort service for Community Wireless Networks: Challenges at three layers. In Hui, Pan & Karlson, Gunnar (Ed.), 11th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-4799-4937-3. p. 148–153. doi: 10.1109/WONS.2014.6814737.
• Nan, Guofang; Mao, Zhifei; Li, Minqiang; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein & Wang, Honggang [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Distributed Resource Allocation in Cloud-Based Wireless Multimedia Social Networks. IEEE Network. ISSN 0890-8044. 28(4), p. 74–80. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2014.6863135.
• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael; Gjessing, Stein & Khademi, Naeem (2014). Coupled congestion control for RTP media. In Kühlewind, Mirja & Kutscher, Dirk (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Capacity sharing workshop. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 978-1-4503-2991-0. p. 21–26. doi: 10.1145/2630088.2630089.
• Boudko, Svetlana; Leister, Wolfgang & Gjessing, Stein (2014). Exploring network selection techniques for multicast groups in heterogeneous wireless environments. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications. ISSN 1742-7371. 10(1), p. 43–68. doi: 10.1108/IJPCC-01-2014-0014. Show summary

  Purpose – Coexistence of various wireless access networks and the ability of mobile terminals to switch between them make an optimal selection of serving networks for multicast groups a challenging problem. Since optimal network selection requires large dimensions of data to be collected from several network locations and sent between several network components, the scalability can easily become a bottleneck in large-scale systems. Therefore, reducing data exchange within heterogeneous wireless networks is important. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors study the decision-making process and the data that need to be sent between different network components. To analyze the operation of the wireless heterogeneous network, the authors built a mathematical model of the network. The objective is defined as a minimization of multicast streams in the system. To evaluate the heuristic solutions, the authors define the upper and lower bounds to their operation. Findings – The proposed heuristic solutions substantially reduce the usage of bandwidth in mobile networks and exchange of information between the network components. Originality/value – The authors proposed the approach that allows network selection in a decentralized manner with only limited information shared among the decision makers. The authors studied how different sets of information available to decision makers influenced the performance of the system. The work also investigates the usage of multiple paths for multicast in heterogeneous mobile environments.

• Deng, Ruilong; Chen, J; Cao, Xianghui; Zhang, Yan; Maharjan, Sabita & Gjessing, Stein (2013). Sensing-Performance Tradeoff in Cognitive Radio enabled Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. ISSN 1949-3053. 4(1), p. 302–310. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2210058.
• Boudko, Svetlana; Leister, Wolfgang & Gjessing, Stein (2013). Heterogeneous Wireless Network Selection: Load Balancing and Multicast Scenario. International Journal On Advances in Networks and Services. ISSN 1942-2644. 6(3&4), p. 118–135. Show summary

  The increasing demand for real-time multimedia streaming from mobile users makes important deployment of network selection in wireless networks. Coexistence of various wireless access networks and ability of mobile terminals to switch between them make an optimal selection of serving mobile networks for groups of mobile clients a challenging problem. Since scalability can easily become a bottleneck in large-scale networks, we study the decision-making process and selection of the data that needs to be exchanged between different network components. In this paper, we present two decentralized solutions to this problem that we compare and evaluate in the OMNet++ simulation environment.

• Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein; Liu, Hong; Ning, Huansheng; Guizani, Mohsen & Yang, Laurence T. (2013). Securing vehicle-to-grid communications in the smart grid. IEEE wireless communications. ISSN 1536-1284. 20(6), p. 66–73. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2013.6704476.
• Yu, Rong; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein; Xia, Wenlong & Yang, Kun (2013). Toward Cloud-Based Vehicular Networks with Efficient Resource Management. IEEE Network. ISSN 0890-8044. 27(5), p. 48–55. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2013.6616115.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhu, Q; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein & Başar, Tamer (2013). Dependable Demand Response Management in the Smart Grid: A Stackelberg Game Approach. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. ISSN 1949-3053. 4(1), p. 120–132. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2223766.
• Gjessing, Stein & Maus, Arne (2012). Teaching predicates and invariants on shared data structures in concurrent programming. In Gehringer, Edward F. & Brown, Dick (Ed.), SPLASH '12 Conference on Systems, Programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity, Proceedings of the 2012 workshop on Developing competency in parallelism: techniques for education and training. ACM Publications. ISSN 978-1-4503-1840-2. p. 9–14. doi: 10.1145/2414659.2414662.
• Boudko, Svetlana; Leister, Wolfgang & Gjessing, Stein (2012). Optimal Network Selection for Mobile Multicast Groups. In Borcoci, Eugen & Manoharan, Sathiamoorthy (Ed.), ICSNC 2012 The Seventh International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 978-1-61208-231-8. p. 224–227. Show summary

  Mobile devices are typically equipped with multiple access network interfaces, supporting the coexistence of heterogeneous wireless access networks. The selection of an optimal set of serving mobile networks for multicast streams is a challenging problem. We consider a network selection problem for multicast groups of mobile clients that operate in a heterogeneous wireless access network environment. We present a solution to this problem with an optimal allocation of mobile users to multicast groups when multiple mobile networks are available for operation. This solution is suited for small scale networks and can be used as reference for complex networks.

• Boudko, Svetlana; Leister, Wolfgang & Gjessing, Stein (2012). Team Decision Approach for Decentralized Network Selection of Mobile Clients. In Kovacik, Tomas & Kotuliak, Ivan (Ed.), Proceedings of 2012 5th Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-4673-2994-1. p. 88–94. doi: 10.1109/wmnc.2012.6416141. Show summary

  We consider a network selection problem for a group of mobile clients that operate in a heterogeneous wireless access network environment and are equipped with multiple access network interfaces. The involved networks cooperate in order to improve their own and the mobile clients’ performance. We formulate the problem as a team decision problem. In this formulation, several decision variables are involved, and these decisions are made by several decision makers with access to different information but contributing to a common goal. The novelty of the proposed approach is that the network selection is done in a decentralized manner with only limited information available to decision makers. We present two decentralized algorithms to this problem that we compare and evaluate in the OMNet++ simulation environment.

• Khademi, Naeem; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2012). Experimental evaluation of TCP performance in multi-rate 802.11 WLANs. In Banchs, Albert & Prabhakaran, Balakrishnan (Ed.), 2012 IEEE international symposium on a world of wireless, mobile, and multimedia networks, WoWMoM. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-4673-1238-7. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1109/wowmom.2012.6263696. Show summary

  The goal of Rate Adaptation (RA) mechanisms in 802.11 WLANs is to provide optimum system throughput under varying channel conditions (e.g. in presence of noise) by carrying out run-time prediction and selection of the most appropriate bit-rate. The cross-layer interaction of TCP, as the major transport protocol in the Internet, with different RA mechanisms and DCF is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Previously reported efforts A) have never included real-life measurements of uplink TCP traffic; B) lack a practical view because they do not consider the RA mechanisms commonly deployed in today's off-the-shelf 802.11 devices; C) miss the study of RA mechanisms in low-noise environments. This paper covers all the above shortages, by conducting real-life measurements in two different test-beds (NDlab and Emulab) alongside with simulations, to study the performance of TCP coupled with different commonly deployed RA mechanisms. Our measurements reveal that 1) most conventional RA mechanisms are unable to distinguish frame errors due to collisions from channel noise/interference, and will respond to them negatively to some extent; 2) different than downlink TCP, uplink TCP can be adversely affected by collision-triggered rate downshifts that some RA schemes exhibit even under perfect channel conditions or in low-noise environments; 3) the relatively recent Minstrel RA mechanism can counter this negative uplink behavior well, yielding almost equal performance as in the downlink case.

• Boudko, Svetlana; Leister, Wolfgang & Gjessing, Stein (2012). Multicast Group Management for Users of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, CONTENT 2012: The Fourth International Conference on Creative Content Technologies. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 978-1-61208-220-2. p. 24–27. Show summary

  Today mobile devices are typically equipped with multiple access network interfaces. Another important issue is a coexistence of heterogeneous wireless access networks. The selection of optimal serving mobile networks for multicast streams is a challenging problem.We consider a network selection problem for multicast groups of mobile clients that operate in a heterogeneous wireless access network environment. We identify several decision makers solving this problem and present our view on what kind of information is needed to be exchanged between these decision markers.

• Zhang, Yan; Yu, Rong; Nekovee, M; Liu, Yi; Xie, Shengli & Gjessing, Stein (2012). Cognitive Machine-to-Machine Communications: Visions and Potentials for the Smart Grid. IEEE Network. ISSN 0890-8044. 26(3), p. 6–13. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2012.6201210.
• Welzl, Michael; Abfalterer, Armin & Gjessing, Stein (2011). XCP vs. CUBIC with Quick-Start: Observations on Implicit vs. Explicit Feedback for Congestion Control. IEEE International Conference on Communications. ISSN 1550-3607. doi: 10.1109/icc.2011.5963377.
• Welzl, Michael; Niederbacher, Florian & Gjessing, Stein (2011). Beneficial Transparent Deployment of SCTP: the Missing Pieces. In N., N. (Eds.), 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-4244-9268-8.
• Welzl, Michael; Jörer, Stefan & Gjessing, Stein (2011). Towards a Protocol-Independent Internet Transport API. In Uji, Noritaka (Eds.), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC). IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-61284-955-3. doi: 10.1109/iccw.2011.5963568.
• Welzl, Michael; Abfalterer, Armin & Gjessing, Stein (2011). XCP vs. CUBIC with Quick-Start: Observations on Implicit vs. Explicit Feedback for Congestion Control. In Uji, Noritaka (Eds.), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 978-1-61284-233-2. doi: 10.1109/icc.2011.5963377.
• Yu, Rong; Zhang, Yan; Gjessing, Stein; Chau, Yuen; Yuen, Chau & Xie, Shengli [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Cognitive Radio Based Hierarchical Communications Infrastructure for Smart Grid. IEEE Network. ISSN 0890-8044. 25(5), p. 6–14. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2011.6033030.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2011). Economic Approaches in Cognitive Radio Networks. In Yu, F. Richard (Eds.), Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Springer. ISSN 978-1-4419-6171-6. p. 403–432. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6172-3_16. Show summary

  Efficient resource allocation is one of the key concerns of implementing cognitive radio networks. Game theory has been extensively used to study the strategic interactions between primary and secondary users for effective resource allocation. The concept of spectrum trading has introduced a new direction for the coexistence of primary and secondary users through economic benefits to primary users. The use of price theory and market theory from economics has played a vital role to facilitate economic models for spectrum trading. So, it is important to understand the feasibility of using economic approaches as well as to realize the technical challenges associated with them for implementation of cognitive radio networks. With this motivation, we present an extensive summary of the related work that uses economic approaches such as game theory and/or price theory/market theory to model the behavior of primary and secondary users for spectrum sharing and discuss the associated issues. We also propose some open directions for future research on economic aspects of spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks.

• Deng, Ruilong; Maharjan, Sabita; Cao, Xianghui; Chen, Jiming; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2011). Sensing-Delay Tradeoff for Communication in Cognitive Radio enabled Smart Grid. In Frede, Blaabjerg; Develder, Chris & Poolla, Kameshwar (Ed.), Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), 2011 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-4577-1704-8. p. 155–160. doi: 10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102309.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan; Chau, Yuen & Gjessing, Stein (2011). Distributed Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks with Fairness Consideration: Efficiency of Correlated Equilibrium. In Giordano, Silvia & Liu, Yunhao (Ed.), Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), 2011 IEEE 8th International Conference on. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-0-7695-4469-4. p. 540–549. doi: 10.1109/mass.2011.143.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2011). Economic Approaches for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey. Wireless Personal Communications. ISSN 0929-6212. 57(1), p. 33–51. doi: 10.1007/s11277-010-0005-9.
• Welzl, Michael; Niederbacher, Florian & Gjessing, Stein (2011). Beneficial Transparent Deployment of SCTP: the Missing Pieces. GLOBECOM - conference record / IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. ISSN 0895-1195.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Yuen, C; Chew, Y; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2010). Distributed Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic, 3rd International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL). IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-4244-8132-3. p. 1–5. Show summary

  Cooperative spectrum sensing improves reliability and the detection performance of sensing. However, the fully cooperative scenario may not be realistic to assume in many cases. We consider a cognitive radio network with heavy traffic users and light traffic users and analyze their behavior towards sensing using the concept of mixed strategy Nash equilibrium. Further, we design a distributed game using evolutionary game theory such that as long as light traffic users are present, they share the sensing responsibility while heavy traffic users get a free ride. Finally, the evolution dynamics is shown to converge to the evolutionarily stable strategy for the case of multiple users.

• Maharjan, Sabita; Xiang, Jie; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2010). Delay Reduction for Real Time Services in IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network. In Panayirci, Erdal (Eds.), Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on. IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-4244-8017-3. p. 1836–1841. Show summary

  Real time traffic such as voice and video have strict requirements on the acceptable end-to-end packet delay. When there are different types of traffic with different requirements on tolerable latency, priority based packet scheduling schemes are normally used in order to reduce the queuing delay for real time services. However, in cognitive radio networks, the time that the system spends on spectrum sensing adds further delay to the packet transmission. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to significantly reduce the overall packet delay, including the delay due to sensing for real time services in cognitive radio networks. We derive the expression for average packet delay for the proposed scheme and the simulation results match well with the analytical results. The numerical results show that the priority based scheduling scheme combined with our scheme substantially reduces the packet delay for real time applications.

• Maharjan, Sabita; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2010). Economic Approaches for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey. Wireless Personal Communications. ISSN 0929-6212.
• Kvalbein, Amund; Hansen, Audun Fosselie; Cicic, Tarik; Gjessing, Stein & Lysne, Olav (2009). Multiple Routing Configurations for Fast IP Network Recovery. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. ISSN 1063-6692. 17(2), p. 473–486. doi: 10.1109/TNET.2008.926507.
• Cicic, Tarik; Hansen, Audun Fosselie; Kvalbein, Amund; Hartmann, Morten; Menth, Michael & Martin, R.J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2009). Relaxed Multiple Routing Configurations: IP Fast Reroute for Single and Correlated Failures. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management. ISSN 1932-4537. 6(1), p. 1–14.
• Dalbro, Martin; Eikeland, Erik; Veld, Aart Joakim in't; Gjessing, Stein; Lande, Tor Sverre & Riis, Håvard Kolle [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Wireless Sensor Networks for Off-shore Oil and Gas Installations. In Braem, Bart; Benveniste, Mathilde; Dini, Cosmin; Fortino, Giancarlo; Karnapke, Reinhardt; Mauri, Jaime Lloret & Monsi, M. Sohrab H. (Ed.), Second International IEEE Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2008. SENSORCOMM '08. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-0-7695-3330-8. p. 258–263. Show summary

  Underwater development and production of oil and gas needs networked sensors and actuators to monitor the production process, to either prevent or detect oil and gas leakage or to enhance the production flow and yield of the wells. Sensors used today are large and expensive, both to manufacture and to deploy sub-sea. We suggest sensor networks created by inexpensive and small wireless sensor nodes in a redundant multi-hop topology. Preliminary designs and results are shown for two such nodes using ultrasound and infrared light as wireless commutation.

• Maus, Arne & Gjessing, Stein (2007). A Model for the Effect of Caching on Algorithmic Efficiency in Radix based Sorting. In Dascalu, Sergiu & Dini, Petre (Ed.), ICSEA 2007 (International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-0-7695-2937-0.
• Gjessing, Stein (2007). A novel method for re-routing in OBS networks. In Y Jay, Guo (Eds.), Proceedings 7th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 1-4244-0977-2. p. 22–27.
• Hansen, Audun Fosselie; Lysne, Olav; Cicic, Tarik & Gjessing, Stein (2007). Fast Proactive recovery from Concurrent Failures. In Andonovic, Ivan & Thompson, John (Ed.), Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2007. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 1-4244-0353-7. p. 115–122.
• Gjessing, Stein (2007). On Burst Loss in Optical Burst Switched Networks with Hot Potato Deflection Routing. In Lawrence, E; Kant, K; Mayr, HC; Lievens, F & Dini, Petre (Ed.), Proceedings First International Conference on the Digital Society, ICDS 2007. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 0-7695-2760-4.
• Kvalbein, Amund; Cicic, Tarik & Gjessing, Stein (2007). Post-Failure Routing Performance with Multiple Routing Configurations. In Kesidis, George; Modiano, Eytan & Srikant, R. (Ed.), Proceedings IEEE 26th Annual Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2007. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISSN 1-4244-1047-9. p. 98–106.
• Gjessing, Stein (2006). Implementation of two Resilience Mechanisms using Multi Topology Routing and Stub Routers. In Dini, Petre & Lorenz, Pascal (Ed.), Proceedings International Conference on Telecommunications, AICT'06. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 0-7695-2522-9.
• Kvalbein, Amund; Hansen, Audun Fosselie; Cicic, Tarik; Gjessing, Stein & Lysne, Olav (2006). Fast IP Network Recovery using Multiple Routing Configurations. In Azcorra, Arturo; Touch, Joe & Zhang, Zhili (Ed.), Proceedings the 25th Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2006). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 1-4244-0222-0. p. 23–29.
• Hansen, Audun Fosselie; Cicic, Tarik & Gjessing, Stein (2006). Alternative Schemes for Proactive IP Recovery. In Baust, Jorge Martinez & Ribes, Sebastia Sallent (Ed.), Proceedings 2nd Conference on Next Generation Internet Design and Engineering (NGI 06). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 0-7803-9456-9. p. 1–8.

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• Maus, Arne & Gjessing, Stein (2014). Practical Parallel Programming – a B.S. course on how to design an efficient parallel algorithm. EduPar14. ISBN 978-1-4799-4117-9. 8 p.
• Gjessing, Stein; Dobrota, Virgil; Papadopouli, Maria & van der Merwe, Jacobus E (2008). Proceedings 2008 16th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISBN 978-1-4244-2028-5. 129 p.
• Gjessing, Stein & Dobrota, Virgil (2007). Proceedings 2007 15th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, LANMAN 2007. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. ISBN 1-4244-1100-9. 205 p.

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• Khademi, Naeem; Welzl, Michael; Armitage, Grenville & Gjessing, Stein (2016). Improving the Fairness of Alternative Backoff with ECN (ABE). Show summary

  Abstract: Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) lets a bottleneck's Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanism inform an endpoint about congestion without having to drop a packet. A recently proposed sender-side modification called Alternative Backoff with ECN (ABE) enables reduced latency while maintaining good utilization with ECN. However, under certain circumstances ABE can produce a degree of unfair behavior between ABE-enabled TCP senders and conventional TCP senders. We propose specific guidance for configuring bottleneck AQMs to assist in fairness between ABE-enabled and conventional TCP flows. We evaluate our proposal using RED, then describe how it can be applied to other AQM mechanisms and incrementally introduced into the Internet.

• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2013). One Control to Rule Them All - Coupled Congestion Control for RTP Media.
• Maharjan, Sabita; Yuen, C; Chew, Y; Zhang, Yan & Gjessing, Stein (2010). Distributed Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic.
• Dalbro, Martin; Veld, Aart Joakim in't; Gjessing, Stein; Riis, Håvard Kolle; Lande, Tor Sverre & Søråsen, Oddvar (2008). Building a test-bed for wireless sensor networking for under-water oil and gas installations.
• Teymoori, Peyman; Hayes, David Andrew; Welzl, Michael & Gjessing, Stein (2019). Estimating an Additive Path Cost with Explicit Congestion Notification. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-7368-452-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Boudko, Svetlana; Leister, Wolfgang; Gjessing, Stein & Holden, Lars (2014). Resource Adaptation Methods for Improving Multimedia Streaming Throughput to Mobile Nodes in Heterogeneous Wireless Environments. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710. Show summary

  The thesis formulates effective strategies for delivery of streaming content for mobile users in resource-limited networks. We consider the entire end-to-end delivery path from the source to the destination. In the work, we take into account 1) the presence of a large number of mobile devices operating inside an area with overlapping coverage of several mobile networks; and 2) the ability of the mobile devices to exploit several network technologies and to be connected to different access points simultaneously. We aim to improve the performance of the whole system by jointly considering users’ requirements and network limitations and by identifying and implementing adaptation mechanisms for different parts of the delivery path. Taking into account the complexity of the whole system, the thesis aims to design mechanisms operating in a decentralized manner with partial knowledge of the system. For this purpose, we study the ADIMUS architecture which addresses the problem of distributing streaming content for mobile users. The ADIMUS architecture clearly separates the system into two distinct parts: the backbone part of the network and the wireless part. We study resource adaptation mechanisms for both of these parts that include 1) overlay routing for the backbone and 2) multi-access approaches for heterogeneous wireless network. For overlay routing in the backbone, we consider multipath streaming techniques. For the wireless part, we improve the utilization of resources by intelligently redistributing mobile devices among the available wireless connections. To evaluate the adaptation mechanisms for both of these parts, we build mathematical models for the overlay network and for the heterogeneous wireless network. These mathematical models are used as upper bounds for operation of the adaptation solutions. We also define the lower bounds to these solutions based on earlier proposed solutions from the literature. For the overlay network, we develop and evaluate a distributed rate-allocation algorithm for delivery of video in a Video-on-Demand (VoD) system built upon multipath delivery. The algorithm’s operation is based on information collected by overlay nodes. The algorithm is evaluated in the OMNet++ simulation environment and analyzed against the aforementioned lower and upper bounds. We show that the algorithm performs close to the optimal solution in terms of proportionally fair bandwidth allocation between receivers of the overlay part of the architecture. For the heterogeneous wireless network, we consider the network selection to use for multiuser environments with possible multicast configurations that allows the network to perform load balancing, improve the users’ overall QoS, and increase the throughput of the networks. The novelty of the proposed solutions is that the network selection is done in a decentralized manner with only limited information available to decision makers. The solutions are evaluated through multiple simulations. We show that the solutions provide a substantial improvement in performance compared to their lower bounds. We also investigate a multiple connection approach for multicast groups with mobile terminals connecting to several networks simultaneously and receiving data through multiple paths. We show that the total usage of resources is reduced compared to a single path approach.

• Islam, Safiqul; Welzl, Michael; Gjessing, Stein & Khademi, Naeem (2014). Coupled Congestion Control for RTP Media. University of Oslo. ISSN 978-82-7368-405-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Congestion occurs at a bottleneck along an Internet path; multiple flows between the same sender and receiver pairs can benefit from using only a single congestion control instance when they share the same bottleneck. These benefits include the ability to control the rate allocation between flows and reduced overall delay (multiple congestion control instances cause more queuing delay than one since each has no knowledge of the congestion episodes experienced by the others). We present a mechanism for coupling congestion control for real-time media and show its benefits by coupling multiple congestion controlled flows that share the same bottleneck.

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