-
Boilard, Aurélie; Walker, Samuel James; Lødøen, Trond Andreas Klungseth; Henriksen, Mona; Linge, Henriette & van Kolfschoten, Thijs
[Show all 16 contributors for this article]
(2023).
Reconstructing faunal diversity from the last Glacial period in northern Norway using zoo-archaeology and bulk-bone metabarcoding.
-
Boilard, Aurélie; Walker, Samuel James; Lødøen, Trond Andreas Klungseth; Henriksen, Mona; Takken-Beijersbergen, Liselotte M. & Star, Bastiaan
[Show all 16 contributors for this article]
(2023).
Ancient DNA and osteological analyses of a unique
paleo-archive reveal Early Holocene faunal expansion into the Scandinavian Arctic.
Show summary
Paleo-archives are essential for our understanding of species responses to climate warming, yet such archives are extremely rare in the Arctic. Here, we combine morphological analyses and bulk-bone metabarcoding to investigate a unique chronology of bone deposits sealed in the high-latitude Storsteinhola cave system (68°50’ N 16°22’ E) in Norway. This deposit dates to a period of climate warming from the end of the Late Glacial to the Holocene Thermal Maximum. A combination of comparative morphology and paleogenetic analyses allowed us to exploit the deposit to its full potential, with ancient DNA providing taxonomical identification to the 1000s of morphologically unidentifiable bone fragments. Our results show a high-resolution sequence of fish, mammal, and bird species, including species not previously discovered in the region, and providing fundamental insights in the ecosystem-wide responses that are ongoing today.
-
Barrett, James Harold; Star, Bastiaan; Buss, Danielle; Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen; Larsen, Thomas & Nadeau, Marie-Josee
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2022).
Multi-proxy Approaches to the Historical Ecology of Marine Resource Exploitation c.100 BCE to 1860 CE.
-
Barrett, James Harold; Brito, Cristina; Ludlow, Francis; Star, Bastiaan & Holm, Poul
(2021).
A History of the World in 10 Marine Taxa? An Introduction to 4-OCEANS.
-
Trucchi, Emiliano; Benazzo, Andrea; Lari, Martina; Iob, Alice; Vai, Stefania & Nanni, Laura
[Show all 25 contributors for this article]
(2021).
Author Correction: Ancient genomes reveal early Andean farmers selected common beans while preserving diversity (Nature Plants, (2021), 7, 2, (123-128), 10.1038/s41477-021-00848-7).
Nature Plants.
ISSN 2055-026X.
7(3).
doi:
10.1038/s41477-021-00892-3.
-
Boilard, Aurélie; Robu, Marius; Star, Bastiaan; Dalén, Love & Boessenkool, Sanne
(2021).
122 000 years of fauna diversity of Nordic ecosystems explored through paleogenomics.
Show summary
Paleogenomics is a molecular approach to paleontological records allowing the analysis of past ecosystems through ancient DNA (aDNA) found in fossils and soils. The discovery of Europe’s northernmost bone-rich karst cave system with sediments and bones dated up to 122ka, in Kjøpsvik (68°50’N) Northern Norway, presents a unique opportunity to study the response of arctic and boreal ecosystems to climate change during the last interglacial. The objectives of this project are to : (i) reconstruct faunal diversity and (ii) genetic diversity of mammalian populations as well as (iii) their distribution throughout the last glacial cycle over a period of 122 000 years. Metabarcoding will be used on bulk bone material (aDNA) and sediments (sedaDNA) to reconstruct the faunal diversity from excavated bone fragments. Genomic analyses based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes will be conducted to study historic biogeography of selected species. This study will provide new insights into mammalian diversity of high latitude ecosystems of Scandinavia throughout the last glacial cycle, and contribute to our understanding of their resilience and adaptive capabilities in the face of climate change.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2021).
Temporal genomics of Atlantic cod.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2021).
Genomic stability through time despite decades of exploitation in Atlantic cod.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Kersten, Oliver Sven; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2021).
The tangled history of sheep in the North Atlantic revealed through ancient DNA.
Show summary
Sheep played a vital role in the settlement of the North Atlantic in the Viking Age, providing wool for clothing and the sails of Viking ships in addition to milk, meat, skins and horns. Despite their importance we know little about how the rapid settlement of the North Atlantic shaped the population structure and genetic diversity of sheep and how the local breeds in the North Atlantic region have changed through a thousand years of isolation. We sequenced over 80 ancient sheep bones from archaeological excavations in the North Atlantic resulting in 28 ancient sheep genomes (800-1700 CE) with average coverage of 3,7X and eight genomes from modern landrace breeds present in the region. The population history of sheep in the North Atlantic is more complicated than previously thought with some evidence of admixture of sheep from Norway and the UK during the founding of the Icelandic sheep population. The sheep population in Norse Greenland is clearly founded from Iceland. In Greenland we observe a loss of heterozygosity and increases in inbreeding over time, probably related to population decline associated with the collapse of the Norse settlement in Greenland. Our data shows a large reduction in genomic diversity of sheep in the North Atlantic from the Viking and Medieval period to the modern sheep breeds in the region, specifically in Iceland and the Faroe Islands.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Kersten, Oliver; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2021).
Genetic history of sheep in the North Atlantic from the Viking Age to modern breeds.
Show summary
Sheep were vital to subsistence in the newly settled lands of the Norse in the Faroes, Iceland and Greenland during the Viking Age. Sheep are multi-product animals and were reared for wool, milk, meat, skins and horns, and large number of sheep bones have been found in archaeological excavations in the region. Despite their importance, the origins of local sheep breeds and their development since the 9th century are poorly understood. Here we obtained whole genome sequences of 27 ancient sheep from archaeological excavations in Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Norway and the UK dating from 800-1700. For comparison we also analysed both newly generated and previously published modern genomes from North Atlantic, European and Asian sheep breeds. We trace the introduction of sheep to the Faroes, Iceland and Greenland in a clear stepping stone pattern, but ancient UK and Norwegian sheep form an overlapping cluster. Moreover, our data shows a large reduction in genomic diversity of sheep in the North Atlantic from the Viking and Medieval period to the modern sheep breeds in the region.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2020).
Assessing the impacts of human exploitation by integrating multiple approaches.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2020).
Ancient DNA.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2019).
The impacts of human exploitation investigated through archaeogenomics.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2019).
Investigating the impacts of human exploitation in the marine environment using ancient DNA.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2019).
Investigating the impacts of human exploitation in the marine environment using ancient DNA.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Wyrozemska, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2019).
Kyngreining á hrossum úr kumlum með forn-DNA Hestar lagðir í kuml á Íslandi á víkingaöld.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn & Boessenkool, Sanne
(2019).
Viking sheep of the North Atlantic: Origins & genetic heritage.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Star, Bastiaan; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Kantanen, Juha; Stenseth, Nils Chr. & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2019).
The Sheep Saga: Archaeogenomics of Viking Age sheep in the North Atlantic.
-
Kersten, Oliver; Star, Bastiaan; Anker-Nilssen, Tycho; Strøm, Hallvard & Boessenkool, Sanne
(2019).
Genomic population structure of the Atlantic Puffin – insights into the species’ taxonomy.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2019).
The Ancient DNA boom.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2019).
WALRUSH: investigating historical serial exploitation of the Arctic using ancient DNA and stable isotope analyses of Atlantic walrus.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Leifsson, Rúnar; Orlando, Ludovic; Barrett, James H. & Star, Bastiaan
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2019).
Fornleifarannsóknir: Hryssur ekki valdar í kuml.
[Newspaper].
Austurglugginn.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2019).
Using ancient DNA to trace the historic exploitation of Atlantic walrus.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Wyrozemska, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2019).
Kyngreining á hrossum úr kumlum með fornDNA.
Show summary
Hestar voru algengasta haugfé sem lagt var í kuml á Íslandi á víkingaöld. Beinagrindur hrossa er hægt að kyngreina á formi mjaðmagrindar og því hvort vígtennur eru til staðar. Vígtennur koma upp við 4-5 ára aldur í karldýrum en þó hafa rannsóknir sýnt að allt að þriðjungur hryssa getur haft vígtennur þó þær séu yfirleitt mun minni en í karldýrunum. Beinagreining hefur sýnt að öll hross sem hægt er að kyngreina úr íslenskum kumlum er úr karlkyns hestum en þar sem stór hluti þessara kumla fannst fyrir mörgum áratugum síðan við framkvæmdir eru beinagrindurnar oft of illa varðveittar til þess að hægt sé að kyngreina þær með vissu.
Í þessari rannsókn notum við forn-DNA-greiningu til að kyngreina 22 hross frá víkingaöld. 19 hross voru úr kumlum en þrjú bein úr hellum og býlum voru einnig greind. Rannsóknir okkar leiddu í ljós að af 19 hrossum úr kumlum sem greind voru reyndist aðeins vera ein hryssa en öll sýnin sem komu úr helli og býli reyndust vera hryssur.
Í greininni er einnig sýnt fram á að hægt er að kyngreina dýr jafnvel þó afar lítið sé varðveitt af DNA í hverju sýni og því má nota aðferðafræðina í greininni til að kyngreina fornleifafræðileg bein á mun stærri skala og fyrir minna fé en áður var talið.
Fjallað verður um niðurstöður í nýútkominni grein Heidi M. Nistelberger, Albínu Huldu Pálsdóttur, Bastiaan Star, Rúnars Leifssonar, Agötu T. Gondek, Ludovic Orlando, James H. Barrett, Jóns Hallsteins Hallssonar og Sanne Boessenkool “Sexing Viking Age horses from burial and non-burial sites in Iceland using ancient DNA,” Journal of Archaeological Science 101 (2019), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.11.007.
Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir er dýrabeinafornleifafræðingur og starfar við Landbúnaðarháskóla Íslands. Hún er doktorsnemi við Óslóarháskóla en doktorsverkefni hennar heitir „Hestar og sauðfé víkinganna: Fornerfðafræði húsdýra í Norður-Atlantshafi“. Hún hefur greint dýrabeinasöfn frá Íslandi, Írlandi, Grænlandi og Færeyjum. Leiðbeinendur Albínu eru dr. Sanne Boessenkool við Óslóarháskóla, dr. Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson við Landbúnaðarháskóla Íslands og dr. Juha Kantanen hjá LUKE í Finnlandi. Verkefnið er styrkt af rannsóknasjóði Rannís á styrk nr. 162783051
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2019).
WALRUSH: Ancient DNA identified the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Leifsson, Rúnar & Nistelberger, Heidi Maria
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2019).
Lítið um hryssur í kumlum víkinga.
[Newspaper].
Morgunblaðið.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2019).
Which horse should we sacrifice? Sex as a determining factor for the selection of horses in Viking Age burials in Iceland.
-
Rowe, Melissah; de Muinck, Erik; Fredriksen, Simen; Carneiro, Diana; Star, Bastiaan & Trosvik, Pål
(2018).
Ejaculate microbiota of birds: inter-specific variation and disease transmission.
-
Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Star, Bastiaan; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Gondek, Agata; Leifsson, Rúnar & Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn
[Show all 12 contributors for this article]
(2018).
Viking Horses of the North Atlantic.
-
-
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne; Barrett, James H.; Leifsson, Rúnar; Nistelberger, Heidi Maria & Orlando, Ludovic
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2018).
Powerful Icelandic Vikings were buried with stallions.
[Internet].
Titan.no.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Catching the Past: Using ancient DNA to obtain long-term perspectives.
-
Nistelberger, Heidi Maria; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Star, Bastiaan; Leifsson, Rúnar; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Orlando, Ludovic
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2018).
Sexing Viking Age horses from burial and non-burial sites in Iceland using ancient DNA.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Catching the Past: Using ancient DNA to study historic marine exploitation.
-
Barrett, James H; Star, Bastiaan; Kneale, Catherine; O'Connell, Tamsin C; Gondek, Agata Teresa & Boessenkool, Sanne
(2018).
Walrus Ivory in Medieval Europe: Artefactual, ancient DNA and stable isotope evidence for Ecological Globalization.
-
Barrett, James H; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Medieval Walrus Hunting: Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives.
-
Barrett, James H.; Boessenkool, Sanne; Kneale, Catherine; O'Connell, Tamsin C. & Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Northern Journeys: Cod, Walruses and Arctic Connections to Urban Europe in the Middle Ages.
-
Gondek, Agata Teresa; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
A stainless-steel mortar, pestle and sleeve design for the efficient fragmentation of ancient bone.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of the walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Investigating the Legacy of the Viking Age using ancient DNA.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Investigating the Legacy of the Viking Age using ancient DNA.
-
Tarlach, Gemma; Boessenkool, Sanne; Kool, Anneleen & Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
The secret history of the Vikings.
[Journal].
Discover.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2017).
The impact of art: investigating artifact using ancient DNA to trace historic exploitation of Atlantic walrus.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2017).
Ancient DNA and Ecology.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2017).
Human impacts in marine environments.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2017).
Catching the Past.
-
Star, Bastiaan
(2017).
Tracing the Atlantic walrus ivory trade.
-
Star, Bastiaan & Barrett, James H
(2017).
From Viking-age archaeology to 21st-century DNA sequencing: Discovering the legacy of Atlantic cod exploitation using ancient DNA.
-
Pampanin, Daniela Maria; Bagi, Andrea; Riiser, Even Sannes; Star, Bastiaan; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus & Sydnes, Magne Olav
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Gastrointestinal microbial community changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to crude oil.
-
Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Star, Bastiaan; Matschiner, Michael; André, Carl; Knutsen, Halvor & Bradbury, Ian
[Show all 13 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Chromosomal rearrangements as barriers to homogenization in highly mobile fish.
-
Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Star, Bastiaan; Matschiner, Michael; André, Carl; Knutsen, Halvor & Bradbury, Ian
[Show all 13 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Chromosomal rearrangements as barriers to homogenization in highly mobile fish.
-
Matschiner, Michael; Star, Bastiaan; Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel
(2017).
Genomic rearrangements a phylogenetic approach.
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan
(2021).
Ancient DNA sexing of walrus bones from Alþingisreitur, Iceland.
Íslenskar fornleifarannsóknir ehf og Icelandic ZooArch.
ISSN 978-9935-9641-0-6.
Full text in Research Archive
-
-
Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Boessenkool, Sanne & Star, Bastiaan
(2018).
Ancient DNA sampling report Walrus bones from Alþingisreitur.
Landbúnaðarháskóli Íslands.
ISSN 978-9979-881-71-1.