Kjartan Østbye

• Kozak, Natalia; Ahonen, Salla A.; Keva, Ossi; Østbye, Kjartan; Taipale, Sami J.; Hayden, Brian & Kahilainen, Kimmo K. (2021). Environmental and biological factors are joint drivers of mercury biomagnification in subarctic lake food webs along a climate and productivity gradient. Science of the Total Environment.  ISSN 0048-9697.  779, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146261
• Walton, Zea Ann; Hagenlund, Mari; Østbye, Kjartan; Samelius, Gustaf; Odden, Morten; Norman, Anita J.; Willebrand, Tomas & Spong, Göran (2021). Moving far, staying close: red fox dispersal patterns revealed by SNP genotyping. Conservation Genetics.  ISSN 1566-0621.  22(2), s 249- 257 . doi: 10.1007/s10592-021-01332-7
• Haugen, Hanne; Linløkken, Arne; Østbye, Kjartan & Heggenes, Jan (2020). Landscape genetics of northern crested newt Triturus cristatus populations in a contrasting natural and human-impacted boreal forest. Conservation Genetics.  ISSN 1566-0621.  21(3), s 515- 530 . doi: 10.1007/s10592-020-01266-6 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Among vertebrates, amphibians currently have the highest proportion of threatened species worldwide, mainly through loss of habitat, leading to increased population isolation. Smaller amphibian populations may lose more genetic diversity, and become more dependent on immigration for survival. Investigations of landscape factors and patterns mediating migration and population genetic differentiation are fundamental for knowledge-based conservation. The pond-breeding northern crested newt (Triturus cristatus) populations are decreasing throughout Europe, and are a conservation concern. Using microsatellites, we studied the genetic structure of the northern crested newt in a boreal forest ecosystem containing two contrasting landscapes, one subject to recent change and habitat loss by clear-cutting and roadbuilding, and one with little anthropogenic disturbance. Newts from 12 breeding ponds were analyzed for 13 microsatellites and 7 landscape and spatial variables. With a Maximum-likelihood population-effects model we investigated important landscape factors potentially explaining genetic patterns. Results indicate that intervening landscape factors between breeding ponds, explain the genetic differentiation in addition to an isolation-by-distance effect. Geographic distance, gravel roads, and south/south-west facing slopes reduced landscape permeability and increased genetic differentiation for these newts. The effect was opposite for streams, presumably being more favorable for newt dispersal. Populations within or bordering on old growth forest had a higher allelic richness than populations in managed forest outside these areas. Old growth forest areas may be important source habitats in the conservation of northern crested newt populations.

• Pettersen, Ruben Alexander; Junge, Claudia; Østbye, Kjartan; Mo, Tor Atle & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2020). Genetic population structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in a large Norwegian lake. Hydrobiologia.  ISSN 0018-8158.  848, s 547- 561 . doi: 10.1007/s10750-020-04431-7 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Understanding how populations are structured in space and time is a central question in evolutionary biology. Parasites and their hosts are assumed to evolve together, however, detailed understanding of mechanisms leading to genetic structuring of parasites and their hosts are lacking. As a parasite depends on its host, studying the genetic structure of both parasite and host can reveal important insights into these mechanisms. Here, genetic structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) was investigated in 10 tributaries draining into the large Lake Mjøsa in Norway. The population genetic structure of spawning grayling was studied using microsatellite genotyping, while G. thymalli was studied by sequencing a mitochondrial DNA gene (dehydrogenase subunit 5). Two main genetic clusters were revealed in grayling, one cluster comprising grayling from the largest spawning population, while the remaining tributaries formed the second cluster. For both taxa, some genetic differentiation was observed among tributaries, but there was no clear isolation-by-distance signature. The structuring was stronger for the host than for the parasite. These results imply that moderate to high levels of gene flow occur among the sub-populations of both taxa. The high parasite exchange among tributaries could result from a lack of strong homing behavior in grayling as well as interactions among individual fish outside of the spawning season, leading to frequent mixing of both host and parasite.

• Tamayo, Ana-Maria Peris; Devineau, Olivier; Præbel, Kim; Kahilainen, Kimmo Kalevi & Østbye, Kjartan (2020). A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10(20), s 11335- 11351 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.6771 Full text in Research Archive.
• Taugbøl, Annette; Quinn, Thomas P.; Østbye, Kjartan & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2020). Allometric relationships in morphological traits associated with foraging, swimming ability, and predator defense reveal adaptations toward brackish and freshwater environments in the threespine stickleback. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10, s 13412- 13426 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.6945 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Freshwater colonization by threespine stickleback has led to divergence in morphology between ancestral marine and derived freshwater populations, making them ideal for studying natural selection on phenotypes. In an open brackish–freshwater system, we previously discovered two genetically distinct stickleback populations that also differ in geometric shape: one mainly found in the brackish water lagoon and one throughout the freshwater system. As shape and size are not perfectly correlated, the aim of this study was to identify the morphological trait(s) that separated the populations in geometric shape. We measured 23 phenotypes likely to be important for foraging, swimming capacity, and defense against predation. The lateral plate morphs in freshwater displayed few significant changes in trait sizes, but the low plated expressed feeding traits more associated with benthic habitats. When comparing the completely plated genetically assigned populations, the freshwater, the hybrids, the migrants and the lagoon fish, many of the linear traits had different slopes and intercepts in trait‐size regressions, precluding our ability to directly compare all traits simultaneously, which most likely results from low variation in body length for the lagoon and migrant population. We found the lagoon stickleback population to be more specialized toward the littoral zone, displaying benthic traits such as large, deep bodies with smaller eyes compared to the freshwater completely plated morph. Further, the lagoon and migrant fish had an overall higher body coverage of lateral plates compared to freshwater fish, and the dorsal and pelvic spines were longer. Evolutionary constraints due to allometric scaling relationships could explain the observed, overall restricted, differences in morphology between the sticklebacks in this study, as most traits have diversified in common allometric trajectories. The observed differences in foraging and antipredation traits between the fish with a lagoon and freshwater genetic signature are likely a result of genetic or plastic adaptations toward brackish and freshwater environments.

• Thibert-Plante, Xavier; Præbel, Kim; Østbye, Kjartan; Kahilainen, Kimmo Kalevi; Amundsen, Per-Arne & Gavrilets, Sergey (2020). Using mathematical modelling to investigate the adaptive divergence of whitefish in Fennoscandia. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63684-3 Full text in Research Archive.
• Østbye, Kjartan; Hassve, Marius Hagen; Tamayo, Ana-Maria Peris; Hagenlund, Mari; Vogler, Thomas & Præbel, Kim (2020). “And if you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into thee”: four morphs of Arctic charr adapting to a depth gradient in Lake Tinnsjøen. Evolutionary Applications.  ISSN 1752-4571.  13(6), s 1240- 1261 . doi: 10.1111/eva.12983 Full text in Research Archive.
• Hagenlund, Mari; Linløkken, Arne N.; Østbye, Kjartan; Walton, Zea Ann; Odden, Morten; Samelius, Gustav; Willebrand, Tomas & Wilson, Robert Charles (2019). Genetic Structure and Gene flow in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Scandinavia: Implications for the Potential Future Spread of Echinococcus multilocularis Tapeworm. Applied Sciences.  ISSN 2076-3417.  (9) . doi: 10.3390/app9245289 Full text in Research Archive.
• Linløkken, Arne N.; Næstad, Frode; Langdal, Kjell & Østbye, Kjartan (2019). Comparing Fish Density and Echo Strength Distribution Recorded by Two Generations of Single Beam Echo Sounders. Applied Sciences.  ISSN 2076-3417.  9(10), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.3390/app9102041 Full text in Research Archive.
• Wilson, Robert Charles; Østbye, Kjartan; Angell, Inga Leena & Rudi, Knut (2019). Association between diet and rumen microbiota in wild roe deer. FEMS Microbiology Letters.  ISSN 0378-1097.  366(6), s 1- 5 . doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnz060
• Häkli, Katja; Østbye, Kjartan; Kahilainen, Kimmo Kalevi; Amundsen, Per-Arne & Præbel, Kim (2018). Diversifying selection drives parallel evolution of gill raker number and body size along the speciation continuum of European whitefish. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  8(5), s 2617- 2631 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.3876 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Adaptive radiation is the evolution of ecological and phenotypical diversity. It arises via ecological opportunity that promotes the exploration of underutilized or novel niches mediating specialization and reproductive isolation. The assumed precondition for rapid local adaptation is diversifying natural selection, but random genetic drift could also be a major driver of this process. We used 27 populations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from nine lakes distributed in three neighboring subarctic watercourses in northern Fennoscandia as a model to test the importance of random drift versus diversifying natural selection for parallel evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits. We contrasted variation for two key adaptive phenotypic traits correlated with resource utilization of polymorphic fish; the number of gill rakers and the total length of fish, with the posterior distribution of neutral genetic differentiation from 13 microsatellite loci, to test whether the observed phenotypic divergence could be achieved by random genetic drift alone. Our results show that both traits have been under diversifying selection and that the evolution of these morphs has been driven by isolation through habitat adaptations. We conclude that diversifying selection acting on gill raker number and body size has played a significant role in the ongoing adaptive radiation of European whitefish morphs in this region.

• Østbye, Kjartan; Taugbøl, Annette; Ravinet, Mark; Harrod, Chris; Pettersen, Ruben Alexander; Bernatchez, Louis & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2018). Ongoing niche differentiation under high gene flow in a polymorphic brackish water threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population. BMC Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1471-2148.  18(14), s 1- 18 . doi: 10.1186/s12862-018-1128-y Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Background: Marine threespine sticklebacks colonized and adapted to brackish and freshwater environments since the last Pleistocene glacial. Throughout the Holarctic, three lateral plate morphs are observed; the low, partial and completely plated morph. We test if the three plate morphs in the brackish water Lake Engervann, Norway, differ in body size, trophic morphology (gill raker number and length), niche (stable isotopes; δ15N, δ13C, and parasites (Theristina gasterostei, Trematoda spp.)), genetic structure (microsatellites) and the lateral-plate encoding Stn382 (Ectodysplasin) gene. We examine differences temporally (autumn 2006/spring 2007) and spatially (upper/lower sections of the lake – reflecting low versus high salinity). Results: All morphs belonged to one gene pool. The complete morph was larger than the low plated, with the partial morph intermediate. The number of lateral plates ranged 8–71, with means of 64.2 for complete, 40.3 for partial, and 14.9 for low plated morph. Stickleback δ15N was higher in the lower lake section, while δ13C was higher in the upper section. Stickleback isotopic values were greater in autumn. The low plated morph had larger variances in δ15N and δ13C than the other morphs. Sticklebacks in the upper section had more T. gasterostei than in the lower section which had more Trematoda spp. Sticklebacks had less T. gasterostei, but more Trematoda spp. in autumn than spring. Sticklebacks with few and short rakers had more T. gasterostei, while sticklebacks with longer rakers had more Trematoda. spp. Stickleback with higher δ15N values had more T. gasterostei, while sticklebacks with higher δ15N and δ13C values had more Trematoda spp. The low plated morph had fewer Trematoda spp. than other morphs. Conclusions: Trait-ecology associations may imply that the three lateral plate morphs in the brackish water lagoon of Lake Engervann are experiencing ongoing divergent selection for niche and migratory life history strategies under high gene flow. As such, the brackish water zone may generally act as a generator of genomic diversity to be selected upon in the different environments where threespine sticklebacks can live. Adaptation, Ectodysplasin, Evolution, Gill raker, Natural selection, Panmixia, Stable isotope analyses, Stn382, Theristina gasterostei, Trematoda spp

• Østbye, Kjartan; Østbye, Eivind; Lien, Anne May; Lee, Laura R.; Lauritzen, Stein-Erik & Carlini, David B. (2018). Morphology and life history divergence in cave and surface populations of Gammarus lacustris (L.). PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  13(10), s 1- 32 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205556 Full text in Research Archive.
• Klepaker, Tom Olav; Østbye, Kjartan; Spence, Rowena; Warren, Mark; Przybylski, Mirosław & Smith, Carl (2016). Selective agents in the adaptive radiation of Hebridean sticklebacks. Evolutionary Ecology Research.  ISSN 1522-0613.  17(2), s 243- 262
• Mazzarella, Anna; Boessenkool, Sanne; Østbye, Kjartan; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Trucchi, Emiliano (2016). Genomic signatures of the plateless phenotype in the threespine stickleback. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  6(10), s 3161- 3173 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.2072 Full text in Research Archive.
• Pettersen, Ruben Alexander; Østbye, Kjartan; Holmen, Johannes; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Mo, Tor Atle (2016). Gyrodactylus spp. diversity in native and introduced minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) populations: no support for "the enemy release" hypothesis. Parasites & Vectors.  ISSN 1756-3305.  9(51) . doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1306-y
• Wiig, Elisabeth; Reseland, Janne Elin; Østbye, Kjartan; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2016). Variation in Lateral Plate Quality in Threespine Stickleback from Fresh, Brackish and Marine Water: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  11(10) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164578
• Østbye, Kjartan; Harrod, Chris; Gregersen, Finn; Klepaker, Tom Olav; Schulz, Michael; Schluter, Dolph & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2016). The temporal window of ecological adaptation in postglacial lakes: a comparison of head morphology, trophic position and habitat use in Norwegian threespine stickleback populations. BMC Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1471-2148.  16(102), s 1- 16 . doi: 10.1186/s12862-016-0676-2
• Østbye, Kjartan; Wilson, Robert Charles & Rudi, Knut (2016). Rumen microbiota for wild boreal cervids living in the same habitat. FEMS Microbiology Letters.  ISSN 0378-1097.  363(20), s 1- 6 . doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnw233
• Hagenlund, Mari; Østbye, Kjartan; Langdal, Kjell; Hassve, Marius Hagen; Pettersen, Ruben Alexander; Anderson, Eric; Gregersen, Finn & Præbel, Kim (2015). Fauna crime: elucidating the potential source and introduction history of European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.) into Lake Storsjøen, Norway. Conservation Genetics.  ISSN 1566-0621.  16(5), s 1085- 1098 . doi: 10.1007/s10592-015-0724-2
• Taugbøl, Annette; Arntsen, Tina; Østbye, Kjartan & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2014). Small Changes in Gene Expression of Targeted Osmoregulatory Genes When Exposing Marine and Freshwater Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to Abrupt Salinity Transfers. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  9(9), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106894 Full text in Research Archive.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2014). Siken (Coregonus lavaretus L., 1758): et artskompleks med en spennende evolusjonær historie og forvaltningsmessige utfordringer, I: Torstein Storaas & Kjell Langdal (red.),  Ikkje berre ulv og bly - glimt frå forskninga på Evenstad.  Oplandske Bokforlag.  ISBN 978-82-7518-223-2.  Kapittel.  s 337 - 359 Show summary

  Siken varierer mye i utseende innen og mellom vann. Her oppsummerer jeg egen, og til dels annen, relevant litteratur, for å reflektere rundt hvordan sikens utseende kan være påvirket av slektskap og tilpasninger til ulike forhold i innsjøen, og hvilke forvaltningsmessige konsekvenser dette kan ha. Tre genetiske hovedlinjer (basert på mitokondrie-DNA (mtDNA)), som sannsynligvis overlevde i ulike refugier gjennom siste istid, har kolonisert nordlige deler av Europa. Også innen innsjøer kan ulikt utseendemessige sikbestander være delvis genetisk adskilt. Slike bestander har en form for ufullstendig adferdsbarriere mot å parre seg med hverandre. Basert bare på utseendemessig variasjon kan nesten hver sikbestand beskrives innen binær nomenklatur til å være ulike taxonomiske arter, men dette er ikke hensiktsmessig av ulike årsaker. En viktig grunn her er at bestander som ikke er nært beslektet kan ha utviklet utseendemessige karaktertrekk gjennom parallell evolusjon. Det betyr at de uavhengig har utviklet seg mot samme form fordi de har levd under samme forhold, der karaktertrekk er strukturert av naturlig seleksjon. Like eller ulike karaktertrekk hos sik innen og mellom innsjøer kan oppstå via fenotypisk plastisitet (der den samme genotypen gir ulikt fenotypisk uttrykk i ulike miljøer) og naturlig seleksjon der morfene som er mest tilpasset et gitt miljø, får flest avkom. Mekanismene bak oppsplitting i genetikk og utseende innen- og mellom vann kan være bestemt av ulike faktorer. Den evolusjonære historien om hvor forfedrene kom fra med sine gener, er grunnleggende. Naturlig seleksjon plukker ut hvilke genkombinasjoner og karaktertrekk som går videre i neste generasjon gitt tilpasningsdyktighet utfra eksisterende variasjon. For mange arter og populasjoner kan oppvekstforholdene påvirke utseende og livshistorien ved at de er fenotypisk plastiske. Genetisk struktur og assosierte karaktertrekk kan også bli påvirket av tilfeldig genetisk drift og genflyt mellom populasjoner. Mekanismen bak sympatrisk oppdeling i ulike former av sik innen ett og samme vann kan være økologisk nisje-deling, det vil si at de forekommende formene av siken er tilpasset til å utnytte de ulike delene av innsjøen forskjellig. Gitt tid og geografisk separasjon kan slike økologiske former være på vei til å bli gode biologiske arter via økologisk artsdannelse, noe våre data støtter. Det ser også ut til at flere innvandringer av ulikt utseende sik kan forekomme i samme vann via sekundær kontakt av allopatrisk utviklede (geografisk isolerte) mtDNA-linjer. Slike forhold gir forvaltningen utfordringer med identifisering av bestander, definering av enheter for bevaring, og høsting av denne evolusjonært interessante og gode matfisken. En kombinasjon av genetikk-, utseende- og livshistorieanalyser bør ligge til grunn for å foreslå og iverksette gode forvaltningsenheter. I Norge har vi en stor sik-diversitet som vi må forvalte på en fornuftig og effektiv måte, slik at vi kan både høste av den og forske på den i framtiden.

• Præbel, Kim; Knudsen, Rune; Siwertsson, Anna; Karhunen, Markku; Kahilainen, Kimmo K.; Ovaskainen, Otso; Østbye, Kjartan; Peruzzi, Stefano; Fevolden, Svein-Erik & Amundsen, Per-Arne (2013). Ecological speciation in postglacial European whitefish: rapid adaptive radiations into the littoral, pelagic, and profundal lake habitats. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  3(15), s 4970- 4986 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.867 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bray, Sarah C.; Austin, Jeremy; Metcalf, Jessica L.; Østbye, Kjartan; Østbye, Eivind; Lauritzen, Stein-Erik; Aaris-Sørensen, Kim; Valdiosera, Cristina; Adler, Christina J. & Cooper, Alan (2013). Ancient DNA identifies post-glacial recolonisation, not recent bottlenecks, as the primary driver of contemporary mtDNA phylogeography and diversity in Scandinavian brown bears. Diversity and Distributions: A journal of biological invasions and biodiversity.  ISSN 1366-9516.  19(3), s 245- 256 . doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00923.x
• Klepaker, Tom Olav; Østbye, Kjartan & Bell, Michael A. (2013). Regressive evolution of the pelvic complex in stickleback fishes: a study of convergent evolution. Evolutionary Ecology Research.  ISSN 1522-0613.  15(4), s 413- 435
• Narauskaite, G.; Danusevicius, D.; Østbye, Kjartan & Petelis, K. (2013). Genetic differentiation of field and forest ecotypes of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Lithuania based on DNA markers. Rural development Proceedings.  ISSN 2345-0916.  6(3), s 376- 381
• Voje, Kjetil Lysne; Mazzarella, Anna Virginia Black; Hansen, Thomas F; Østbye, Kjartan; Klepaker, Tom Olav; Bass, Arthur; Herland, Anders; Bærum, Kim Magnus; Gregersen, Finn & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2013). Adaptation and constraint in a stickleback radiation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1010-061X.  26(11), s 2396- 2414 . doi: 10.1111/jeb.12240
• Grøtan, Kyrre; Østbye, Kjartan; Taugbøl, Annette & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2012). No short-term effect of salinity on oxygen consumption in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from fresh, brackish and salt water. Canadian Journal of Zoology.  ISSN 0008-4301.  90(12), s 1386- 1393 . doi: 10.1139/cjz-2012-0121
• Klepaker, Tom Olav; Østbye, Kjartan; Bernatchez, Louis & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2012). Spatio-temporal patterns in pelvic reduction in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in Lake Storvatnet. Evolutionary Ecology Research.  ISSN 1522-0613.  14(2), s 169- 191
• Kahilainen, Kimmo K.; Østbye, Kjartan; Harrod, Chris; Shikano, Takahito; Malinen, Tommi & Merilä, Juha (2011). Species introduction promotes hybridization and introgression in Coregonus: is there sign of selection against hybrids?. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083.  20(18), s 3838- 3855 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05209.x
• Davison, John; Ho, Simon Y.W.; Bray, Sarah C.; Korsten, Marju; Tammeleht, Egle; Hindrikson, Maris; Østbye, Kjartan; Østbye, Eivind; Lauritzen, Stein-Erik; Austin, Jeremy; Cooper, Alan & Saarma, Urmas (2011). Late-Quaternary biogeographic scenarios for the brown bear (Ursus arctos), a wild mammal model species. Quaternary Science Reviews.  ISSN 0277-3791.  30(3-4), s 418- 430 . doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.023
• Gregersen, Finn; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn; Østbye, Kjartan; Aass, Per & Hegge, O. (2011). Temperature and food-level effects on reproductive investment and egg mass in vendace Coregonus albula (L.). Ecology of Freshwater Fish.  ISSN 0906-6691.  18, s 263- 269 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00779.x
• Gregersen, Finn; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn; Østbye, Kjartan; Aass, Per & Hegge, O. (2011). Temperature and food-level effects on reproductive investment and egg mass in vendace, Coregonus albula. Fisheries Management and Ecology.  ISSN 0969-997X.  18(4), s 263- 269 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00779.x
• Le Rouzic, Arnaud; Østbye, Kjartan; Klepaker, Tom Olav; Hansen, Thomas F; Bernatchez, Louis; Schluter, Dolph & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2011). Strong and consistent natural selection associated with armour reduction in sticklebacks. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083.  20, s 2483- 2493 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05071.x
• Bernatchez, Louis; Renaut, Sébasitien; Whiteley, A.R.; Derome, N.; Jeukens, J.; Landry, L.; Lu, G.; Nolte, A.W.; Østbye, Kjartan; Rogers, S. M. & St-Cyr, Jerrome (2010). On the origin of species: insights from the ecological genomics of lake whitefish. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences.  ISSN 0962-8436.  365(1547), s 1783- 1800 . doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0274
• Bjærke, Oda; Østbye, Kjartan; Lampe, Helene M. & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2010). Covariation in shape and foraging behaviour in lateral plate morphs in the three-spined stickleback. Ecology of Freshwater Fish.  ISSN 0906-6691.  19, s 249- 256 . doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00409.x
• Østbye, Eivind; Breiehagen, Torgrim; Mysterud, Ivar & Østbye, Kjartan (2009). Occurrence and habitat choice of waders in a high mountain sedimentation flat on Hardangervidda, South Norway. Ornis Norvegica.  ISSN 1502-0878.  32(1), s 74- 90
• Klepaker, Tom Olav & Østbye, Kjartan (2008). Pelvic anti-predator armour reduction in Norwegian populations of the threespine stickleback: a rare phenomenon with adaptive implications?. Journal of Zoology.  ISSN 0952-8369.  276, s 81- 88 . doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00471.x
• Sandlund, Odd Terje; Museth, J; Taugbøl, Trond & Østbye, Kjartan (2007). Population characteristics of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) in a 30 year old river reservoir: Løpsjøen, SE Norway. Advances in Limnology.  ISSN 1612-166X.  (60), s 205- 212
• Østbye, Eivind; Hogstad, Olav; Østbye, Kjartan; Framstad, Erik & Breiehagen, Torgrim (2007). Structure and dynamics of a high mountain wetland bird community in southern Norway: An 18-years study of waders and gulls. Ornis Norvegica.  ISSN 1502-0878.  30(2), s 4- 20
• Østbye, Eivind; Hogstad, Olav; Østbye, Kjartan; Lien, Leif; Framstad, Erik & Breiehagen, T (2007). Structure and dynamics of a high mountain vader community in South Norway: a 18 year study of passerines. Ornis Norvegica.  ISSN 1502-0878.  30, s 4- 20
• Kahilainen, Kimmo & Østbye, Kjartan (2006). Morphological differentiation and resource polymorphism in three sympatric whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) forms in a subarctic lake. Journal of Fish Biology.  ISSN 0022-1112.  (68), s 63- 79 . doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00876.x
• Schulz, Michael; Freyhof, Jörg; Saint-Laurent, Robert; Østbye, Kjartan; Mehner, Thomas & Bernatchez, Louis (2006). Evidence for independent origin of two spring-spawning ciscoes (Salmoniformes: Coregonidae) in Germany. Journal of Fish Biology.  ISSN 0022-1112.  (68), s 119- 135 . doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01039.x
• Østbye, Eivind; Lauritzen, Stein-Erik; Moe, Dagfinn & Østbye, Kjartan (2006). Vertebrate remains in Holocene limestone cave sediments: faunal succession in the Sirijorda Cave, northern Norway. Boreas.  ISSN 0300-9483.  35(1), s 142- 158 . doi: 10.1080/03009480500359129
• Østbye, Eivind; Østbye, Vesla & Østbye, Kjartan (2006). Av smågnagere og spissmus i Skrimfjell-området er klatremus den vanligste. Langs Lågen.  ISSN 0332-7019.  s 160- 170
• Østbye, Kjartan; Amundsen, Per-Arne; Bernatchez, Louis; Klemetsen, Anders; Knudsen, Rune; Kristoffersen, Rune; Næsje, Tor F. & Hindar, Kjetil (2006). Parallel evolution of ecomorphological traits in the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) species complex during postglacial times. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083.  (15), s 3983- 4001 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03062.x
• Kahilainen, K & Østbye, Kjartan (2006). Morphological differentiation and resource polymorphism in three sympatric whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) forms in a subarctic lake. Journal of Fish Biology.  ISSN 0022-1112.  68(1), s 63- 79
• Østbye, Eivind; Lauritzen, Stein-Erik; Moe, Dagfinn & Østbye, Kjartan (2006). Vertebrate remains in Holocene limstone cave sediments: faunal succesion in the Sirijorda Cave, northern Norway. Boreas.  ISSN 0300-9483.  35(1), s 142- 158 . doi: 10.1080/03009480500359129
• Østbye, Eivind; Lauritzen, Stein-Erik; Østbye, Kjartan & Wiig, Øystein (2006). Holocene brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) from Norwegian caves. Boreas.  ISSN 0300-9483.  35(2; doi: 10.1080/03009480600578107), s 296- 316 . doi: 10.1080/03009480600578107
• Østbye, Kjartan; Bernatchez, Louis; Næsje, Tor F.; Himberg, Mikael & Hindar, Kjetil (2005). Evolutionary history of the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) species complex as inferred from mtDNA phylogeography and gillraker numbers. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083.  14, s 4371- 4387
• Østbye, Kjartan; Næsje, Tor; Bernatchez, Louis; Sandlund, Odd Terje & Hindar, Kjetil (2005). Morphological divergence and origin of sympatric populations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in Lake Femund, Norway. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1010-061X.  18, s 683- 702
• Odegaard, F; Diserud, OH & Østbye, Kjartan (2005). The importance of plant relatedness for host utilization among phytophagous insects. Ecology Letters.  ISSN 1461-023X.  8
• Østbye, Kjartan; Næsje, T.F.; Bernatchez, L; Sandlund, OT & Hindar, Ketil (2005). Morphological divergence and origin of sympatric populations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in Lake Femund, Norway. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1010-061X.  18
• Sandlund, Odd Terje; Næsje, Tor F.; Saksgård, Randi & Østbye, Kjartan (2002). Gillraker development in juvenile polymorphic European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in Lake Femund, Norway. Advances in Limnology.  ISSN 1612-166X.  57, s 553- 562
• Sandlund, Odd Terje; Næsje, Tor Fredrik; Saksgård, Randi & Østbye, Kjartan (2002). Gillraker development in juvenile polymorphic whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in Lake Femund, Norway. Advances in Limnology.  ISSN 1612-166X.  57, s 553- 562
• Ugedal, Ola; Næsje, Tor F.; Saksgård, Randi; Sandlund, Odd Terje & Østbye, Kjartan (2002). Do commercial gill-net fisheries impact polymorphic European whitefish in Lake Femund, Norway?. Advances in Limnology.  ISSN 1612-166X.  57, s 563- 576
• Østbye, Kjartan; Øxnevad, Sigurd & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (1997). Developmental stability in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in acidic aluminium-rich lakes. Canadian Journal of Zoology.  ISSN 0008-4301.  75, s 919- 928
• Poleo, A. B. S.; Øxnevad, Sigurd; Østbye, Kjartan; Andersen, Ronny; Heibo, Erik & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (1995). Body morphology of crucian carp Carassius carassius in lakes with or without piscivorous fish. Ecography.  ISSN 0906-7590.  18, s 225- 229
• Poleo, A. B. S.; Øxnevad, Sigurd; Østbye, Kjartan; Andersen, Ronny & Oughton, D. H. (1995). Survival of crucian carp, Carassius carassius, exposed to a high low-molecular weight inorganic aluminium challenge. Aquatic Sciences.  ISSN 1015-1621.  57, s 350- 359
• Øxnevad, Sigurd Arne; Østbye, Kjartan & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (1995). Year class variation in fluctuating asymmetry in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) from an acidic aluminium rich lake. Ecology of Freshwater Fish.  ISSN 0906-6691.  4, s 131- 137

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• Pedersen, Simen; Østbye, Kjartan; Præbel, Kim & Bakmann, Ole (2017). Use of DNA technology to define moose populations for management.
• Østbye, Kjartan; Præbel, Kim; Pedersen, Simen & Bakmann, Ole (2017). Genetiske metoder bør brukes i vår fremtidige forvaltning av viltarter i Norge. Hjorteviltet.  ISSN 1502-3729.  s 34- 37
• Pedersen, Simen; Østbye, Kjartan; Præbel, Kim; Bakmann, Ole; Linløkken, Arne; Mathisen, Karen Marie; Skarpe, Christina; Storaas, Torstein & Wilson, Robert Charles (2016). Bruk av DNA teknologi for å definere elgpopulasjoner.
• Pedersen, Simen; Østbye, Kjartan; Præbel, Kim; Bakmann, Ole; Linløkken, Arne; Mathisen, Karen Marie; Skarpe, Christina; Storaas, Torstein & Wilson, Robert Charles (2016). Bruk av DNA teknologi for å definere elgpopulasjoner.
• Hagenlund, Mari; Præbel, Kim & Østbye, Kjartan (2015, 15. mai). Krøkle-mysteriet i Storsjøen er løst. [Internett].  Forskning.no.
• Mazzarella, Anna; Boessenkool, Sanne; Østbye, Kjartan; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Trucchi, Emiliano (2015). Genomic signatures of the plateless phenotype in the Threespine Stickleback..
• Præbel, Kim & Østbye, Kjartan (2015). Into the abyss, part II: Phenotype-genotype assignment, putative evolutionary origin and chronology of divergence of the four Arctic charr morphs in Lake Tinnsjøen.
• Taugbøl, Annette; Arntsen, Tina; Østbye, Kjartan & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2015). Small changes in gene expression of targeted osmoregulatory genes when exposing marine and freshwater Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to abrupt salinity transfers..
• Østbye, Kjartan & Præbel, Kim (2015). In the abyss part I: postglacial adaptive radiation of the Lake Tinnsjøen Arctic charr.
• Semb-Johansson, Arne; Østbye, Eivind & Østbye, Kjartan (2014). Nordpaddens Bufo bufo habitatvalg på ei øy i Østfold-skjærgården, Søndre Sandøy.. Fauna.  ISSN 0014-8881.  65, s 138- 150
• Wiig, Elisabeth; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Østbye, Kjartan (2014). Variation in armour of the three-spine stickleback.
• Mazzarella, Anna Virginia Black; Østbye, Kjartan & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2013). Looking for genomic signatures of platelessness in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
• Mazzarella, Anna Virginia Black; Østbye, Kjartan & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2013). Looking for genomic signatures of platelessness in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
• Arntsen, Tina; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn; Taugbøl, Annette & Østbye, Kjartan (2012). Variation in expression of genes involved in osmoregulation in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) when exposed to different levels of salinity.
• Præbel, Kim; Østbye, Kjartan; Siwertsson, Anna; Knudsen, Rune; Kahilainen, Kimmo K.; Fevolden, Svein-Erik & Amundsen, Per-Arne (2011). Parallel post-glacial re-colonisation of European whitefish morphs in northern Fennoscandia.
• Østbye, Kjartan; Præbel, Kim; Knudsen, Rune; Siwertsson, Anna & Amundsen, Per-Arne (2011). Adaptive niche proliferation of polymorphic whitefish along the Kautokeino riversystem in northern Norway.
• Østbye, Kjartan; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn; Hansen, Thomas; Arnaud, le Rouzic & Bernatchez, Louis (2009). Population structure and phenotypic patterns in the threespine stickleback along a salinity gradient in south - eastern Norway.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2009). Adaptive radiation of the Norwegian threespine stickleback.
• Østbye, Kjartan; Bernatchez, Louis & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2009). Association between lateral plate morphs and Eda gene QTLs in threespine sticklebacks along a salinity gradient in Norway.
• Østbye, Kjartan; Klepaker, Tom; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Bernatchez, Louis (2009). Pelvic anti-predator armor reduction in a threespinestickleback population.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2008). Adaptive radiation in the coastal Norwegian threespine stickleback.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2008). Ecological speciation in northern freshwater fishes: datasets of the European whitefish and the threespine stickleback.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2008, 26. august). Fiskenes Don Juan. [TV].  Uti Naturen NRK1; http://www1.nrk.no/nett-tv/natur/.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2008, 25. oktober). Fiskeplanar på Finse.  Hordaland.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2008). Røya i Finsevatn: forskning, forvaltning og fiske.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2007, 15. juli). Løser Stingsildas hemmelighet.  Bladet Vesterålen.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2007). Røya på Finse: fiske og forvaltning.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2007, 11. august). Spennende stingsild i Storvatnet.  Bladet Vesterålen.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2006, 11. august). Fisker Stingsild.  Lofot-Tidende.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2006, 09. august). Hvordan har Stingsilda det?.  Lofotposten.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2006, 22. juli). På Stingsildraid i Andøy-vannene.  Andøyposten.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2005). The European whitefish: historical contingency and evolutionary events.
• Østbye, Kjartan (2002). Phylogeography of the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.).
• Østbye, Kjartan (2002). The European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.): phylogeography, evolution and management.
• Østbye, Kjartan (1999). Gill raker distributions in European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus species complex): limiting similarity of coexisting competitors.
• Østbye, Eivind; Østbye, Kjartan & Østbye, Ingrid Margrethe (1998). Beveren i Ravalsjø-området. Langs Lågen.  ISSN 0332-7019.  3, s 98- 106
• Østbye, Eivind; Østbye, Kjartan & Mysterud, Atle (1997). Mer effektiv rådyrjakt: Når og hvor felles flest rådyr?. Jakt og fiske.  ISSN 0800-3041.  (8), s 60- 62
• Øxnevad, Sigurd Arne; Poléo, A.B.S.; Østbye, Kjartan; Andersen, Ronny; Heibo, Erik & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (1995). En ny teori om karussens innvandring og utbredelse i Norge. Fauna.  ISSN 0014-8881.  4, s 123- 127
• Dønnum, Bjørn Otto; Fjeldseth, Øyvind; Haugen, Thrond Oddvar; Heibo, Erik; Kristjanson, Laurus; Rygg, Tor Arne; Østbye, Kjartan; Øxnevad, Sigurd & Aass, Hanne (1995). Rotenonbehandling av Rauma-laks for enhver pris?. Biolog.  ISSN 0801-0722.  4, s 9- 12

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