Vilde Mari Reinertsen

• Thøgersen, Annett; Jensen, Ingvild Julie Thue; Belle, Branson Delano; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari & Kjeldstad, Torunn [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Plasmonic properties of aluminium nanowires in amorphous silicon. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. ISSN 0953-8984. 35(6), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/aca30e. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Both, Kevin Gregor; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Aarholt, Thomas; Jensen, Ingvild Julie Thue; Neagu, Dragos & Prytz, Øystein [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Ni-doped A-site excess SrTiO3 thin films modified with Au nanoparticles by a thermodynamically-driven restructuring for plasmonic activity. Catalysis Today. ISSN 0920-5861. 413. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.11.011. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Plasmonically active nanoparticles offer a promising pathway to extend the absorption range of photocatalysts. While not necessarily catalytically active themselves, these particles allow the absorption of lower energy photons in wide band gap photocatalysts. Here, we present A-site excess SrTiO3 thin films, doped with Ni, where through a subsequent exsolution process we created well-socketed Ni nanoparticles in the surface of SrTiO3. These were galvanically replaced by Au, resulting in well-socketed Au nanoparticles with variable size on the surface, depending on the galvanic replacement time. Photoelectrochemical measurements and electron energy loss spectroscopy revealed the improved photoresponse of the thin films by plasmonic activity of the nanoparticles. The energy of the plasmon peak suggests that the main improvement results from the injection of hot charge carriers. Our study opens new avenues for the design and synthesis of the next generation of photocatalytic materials.

• Kang, Xiaolan; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Both, Kevin Gregor; Galeckas, Augustinas; Aarholt, Thomas & Prytz, Øystein [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Galvanic Restructuring of Exsolved Nanoparticles for Plasmonic and Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion. Small. ISSN 1613-6810. 18(29). doi: 10.1002/smll.202201106. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Karjalainen, Antti; Weiser, Philip Michael; Makkonen, I.; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Vines, Lasse & Tuomisto, Filip (2021). Interplay of vacancies, hydrogen, and electrical compensation in irradiated and annealed n-type β-Ga2O3. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 129(16). doi: 10.1063/5.0042518. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Weiser, Philip Michael; Frodason, Ymir Kalmann; Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller; Vines, Lasse & Johansen, Klaus Magnus H (2020). Anisotropic and trap-limited diffusion of hydrogen/deuterium in monoclinic gallium oxide single crystals. Applied Physics Letters. ISSN 0003-6951. 117. doi: 10.1063/5.0027333. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The effect of lattice anisotropy on the diffusion of hydrogen (H)/deuterium (2H) in b-Ga2O3 was investigated using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and hybrid-functional calculations. Concentration-depth profiles of 2H-implanted single crystals show that 2H can diffuse along the direction perpendicular to the (010) surface at temperatures as low as 300 degC, whereas diffusion along the direction perpendicular to the (-201) surface occurs only around 500 degC. For both directions, the evolution of the 2H concentration–depth profiles after heat treatments can be modeled by trap-limited diffusion. Moreover, the traps can be present in the as-received crystals or created during ion implantation. Comparison of the experimentally obtained binding energy for 2H to the trap (2.3+/-0.2 eV) with the binding energies determined from first-principles calculations suggests that intrinsic point defects (e.g., VGa^ib) or defect complexes (e.g., VGa(2)VO(2)) are excellent candidates for the trap and will play a crucial role in the diffusion of H or 2H in b-Ga2O3.

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• Kang, Xiaolan; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Both, Kevin Gregor; Galeckas, Augustinas; Aarholt, Thomas & Prytz, Øystein [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Exsolved nanoparticles, galvanically restructured for tunable photo-electrocatalytic energy conversion.
• Both, Kevin Gregor; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Kang, Xiaolan; Neagu, Dragos; Prytz, Øystein & Norby, Truls [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Thin Film Exsolution of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Galvanic Restructuring for Plasmonically Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity.
• Both, Kevin Gregor; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Kang, Xiaolan; Aarholt, Thomas; Neagu, Dragos & Prytz, Øystein [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance of SrTiO3 by Plasmonically Active Au Nanoparticles.
• Kang, Xiaolan; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Both, Kevin Gregor; Galeckas, Augustinas; Aarholt, Thomas & Prytz, Øystein [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Galvanic Restructuring of Exsolved Nanoparticles for Plasmonic and Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion (Small 29/2022 Inside back cover feature). Small. ISSN 1613-6810. 18(29).
• Kang, Xiaolan; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari; Both, Kevin Gregor; Galeckas, Augustinas; Aarholt, Thomas & Prytz, Øystein [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Galvanic restructuring of exsolved nanoparticles for plasmonic and electrocatalytic energy conversion .
• Aarholt, Thomas; Both, Kevin Gregor; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari & Prytz, Øystein (2021). Surface plasmon investigations by STEM-EELS mapping of Au/Ni nanoparticles on STO. Vis sammendrag

  Metallic nanoparticles have traditionally had sharp absorption peaks between 1 and 5 eV due to the excitation of surface plasmons. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is the coherent oscillation of quasi-free electrons excited by the electromagnetic fields of a photon or fast electron1,2. Since the absorption peak energies are in the range of visible light, surface plasmons present a potential pathway for absorbing energy to drive photoelectrochemical reactions or contribute to photovoltaic applications. For driving photoelectrochemical reactions, one difficulty is placing photoactive nanoparticles near the catalyst responsible for a chosen reaction, for example, water splitting. The ideal semiconductor for water splitting has a bandgap of 1.9 – 2.3 eV, although semiconductors in this range are seldom stable during photocatalytic water splitting3. Utilizing plasmonics in wide bandgap semiconductors is a promising alternative, avoiding the stability issue3. In this work, we present a STEM-EELS study of Au nanoparticles created by galvanic replacement of Ni nanoparticles grown by exsolution of a PLD-deposited thin-film of A-site excess strontium titanate (Sr1.07Ti 0.93Ni0.07O 3-δ) (STO). STO is an indirect, wide bandgap (3.2 eV) perovskite, studied as a promising photocatalyst for water splitting 4. Ni can easily substitute the Ti in the STO, making it a suitable candidate for exsolution, while Au cannot substitute Ti5. Simultaneously, Ni nanoparticles barely show any plasmonic activities, while Au particles are second only to Ag nanoparticles6. The presented manufacturing technique results in nanoparticles of gold and nickel freestanding, but socketed, on the surface and embedded in the bulk, with diameters between 50 and 100 nm, which are well-suited for plasmonic applications. As a starting point, STEM-EELS was performed with a monochromated 300kV STEM probe with ZeroLoss Peak (ZLP) full-width at half-maximum of 110 meV on an FEI Titan G2. A peculiarly shaped gold nanocluster was studied. After removing the ZLP, the spectrum image was linearly fitted with Gaussians centered at 1.46, 1.95, and 2.40 eV. The 2.40 eV peak is a well-known Au surface plasmon, whereas the remaining two are investigated in conjunction with modeling approaches. An RGB composite of the fit results can be seen in figure 1. Spectra extracted from the coloured regions can be seen in figure 2.

• Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller; Borgersen, Jon Arthur; Karlsen, Kjetil; Nyborg, Martin; Olsen, Vegard Skiftestad & Reinertsen, Vilde Mari [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Skolebesøk ved MiNaLab.
• Pedersen, Benedicte Allum; Vines, Lasse; Kjeldby, Snorre Braathen & Reinertsen, Vilde Mari (2022). Positioning and control of single-photon emitters in SiC-based nanostructures for quantum applications. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Reinertsen, Vilde Mari & Vines, Lasse (2019). Diffusion of deuterium in crystalline beta-Ga2O3. Universitetet i Oslo.

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