jonasgt

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Research interests:

My current research focus on eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystems:

ecosystem function, with special emphasis on crustacean and gastropod mesograzers
biodiversity of meio- and macrofauna within the sediment and epiphytes and epifauna on the leaves.
molecular characterization of meiofauna in eelgrass bed

These studies involves field experiments with grazer exclusion and habitat manipulations, molecular barcoding and environmental sequencing, as well as a lot taxonomic identification by stereo-, light- and scanning electron microscopy.

I furthermore have a background working with very different groups of marine life:

Kinorhyncha (muddragons) - taxonomy, systematics, and selected external and internal ultrastructures within this meiofaunal marine phylum.
Ice-associated (sympagic) amphipods - taxonomy and ecology
Hagfish taxonomy
Rhodoliths (unattached calcified red algae) – formation, ecology and faunal biodiversity

These studies have involved a large amount of Arctic field work, and provided me with extensive skills in microscopical methods (Stereo, Light, Scanning Electron, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy), taxonomy, systematic and ecology.

Teaching

BIO1000 Elementary Biologi, lab and colloqia
BIO1200 Biodiversity, lab and field exercises
BIO2140 Molecular biology and Biological Methods, lab and field exercises
BIO4301 Marine benthic ecology, lab and field exercises
Co-supervisor of Master student Marc Silberberger 2010-2012 ”The influence of mechanical habitat disturbance on the infauna of Zostera marina L. meadows”
Co-supervisor of Master student Espen Strand 2012-2014 "The Kinorhyncha of Southern Norway"

Higher education

2010 M.Sc. in Marine Biology, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen.

Grants

“Dyppvannsfauna i norske farvann" from The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. For barcoding of polychaetes (2011)
“Carlsbergs Mindelegat” for participation in the Danish Galathea 3 expedition (2006)
“Hotelejer Anders Månsson og Hustrus mindelegat” for studies at James Cook University, Australia (2005).
“Internationaliseringsstipendium”, University of Copenhagen, for studies at James Cook University, Australia (2005)
“Nordlys Stipendium” for studies at UNIS – the University Centre in Svalbard (2004)

Collaboration

Zostera Experimental Network – NSF Funded project 2010-15
Nordic Seagrass Network – Nordforsk funding 2010-2012
Kinorhyncha - a poorly and neglected animal phylum – Funded for 2013-2014 by artsprosjektet managed by Artsdatabanken (The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre)

Tags: Biology, Zoology, Marine biology, Eelgrass, Ecosystems, Environmental sequencing, Taxonomy, Meiofauna, Marine ecology

Silberberger M, Thormar J, Fredriksen S (2016) Small scale removal of seagrass (Zostera marina L.): Effects on the infaunal community. Marine Biology Research. DOI:10.1080/17451000.2016.1225959

Thormar J, Hasler-Sheetal H, Baden S, Boström C, Clausen KK, Krause-Jensen D, Olesen B, Rasmussen JR, Svensson CJ, Holmer M (2016) Local environmental state regulates eelgrass (Zostera marina) food web structure. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146479 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0146479

Duffy JE, Reynolds P, Boström C, Coyer J, Cusson M, Donadi S, Douglass J, Engelen A, Eriksson BK, Fredriksen S, Gamfeldt L, Gustafsson C, Hoarau G, Hori M, Hovel K, Iken K, Lefcheck J, Moksnes P‐O, Nakaoka M, O'Connor M, Olsen J, Richardson JP, Ruesink J, Sotka E, Thormar J, Whalen M, Stachowicz J. (2015) Biodiversity mediates top‐down control in eelgrass ecosystems: A global comparative‐experimental approach. Ecology Letters 18:696-705 DOI:10.1111/ele.12448

Herranz M, Thormar J, Benito J, Sánchez N, Pardos F (2012) Meristoderes gen. nov., a new kinorhynch genus, with the description of two new species and their implications for echinoderid phylogeny (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida, Echinoderidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 251:161-179 DOI:10.1016/j.jcz.2011.08.004

Sørensen MV & Thormar J (2010) Wollunquaderes majkenae gen. et sp. nov. - a new cyclorhagid kinorhynch genus and species from the Coral Sea, Australia. Marine Biodiversity, 40:261-275. DOI:10.1007/s12526-010-0048-x

Thormar J & Sørensen MV (2010). Two new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Solomon Islands. Meiofauna Marina 18:67-96.

Falk-Petersen S, Leu E, Berge J, Kwasniewski S, Nygård H, Røstad A, Keskinen E, Thormar J, Quillfeldt C, Wold A, Gulliksen B (2008) Vertical migration in high Arctic waters during autumn 2004. Deep Sea Research Part II - Topical Studies in Oceanography 55:2275–2284. DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.010

Thormar J (2008) The Rhodoliths of Disko Fjord, Greenland: First visual record of the Litothamnion glaciale/tophiforme (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) aggregation in Disko Fjord, 69°N, Greenland“ In: Halberg KA (ed) Arctic Biology Field Course, Qeqertarsuaq, 2006. Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen. ISBN 87-87519-67-4.

Macnaughton MO, Thormar J, Berge J (2007) Sympagic amphipods in the Arctic pack ice: redescriptions of Eusirus holmii Hansen, 1887 and Pleusymtes karstensi (Barnard, 1959). Polar Biology, 30:1013-1025. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-007-0260-8

Møller PR, Feld TK, Poulsen IH, Thomsen PF, Thormar JG (2005) Myxine jespersenae, A New Species of Hagfish (Myxiniformes: Myxinidae) from the North Atlantic Ocean. Copeia (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists), 2005(2):274-285

Christoffersen K, Thormar J, Bille-Hansen R (2005). Biological state of arctic lakes and ponds on Disko Island, Greenland. In: Arctic fieldcourse 2004. Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen. ISBN 87-987317-2-6.

Keskinen E, Leu E, Nygård H, Røstad A, Thormar J (2004). New findings of diel vertical migration in high Arctic ecosystems. In: Berge J (ed) AB320-2004. UNIS Publication Series ISSN 1503-4410.

Books:

Macnaughton, Thormar, Kielland (2012). Livet under overfladen. Gyldendal. ISBN: 9788702098945. 288p.

Duffy, J. Emmett; Stachowicz, John J.; Reynolds, Pamela L.; Hovel, Kevin A.; jahnke, marlene & Sotka, Erik E. [Show all 41 contributors for this article] (2022). A Pleistocene legacy structures variation in modern seagrass ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 119(32). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2121425119.
Krause-Jensen, Dorte; Gundersen, Hege; Björk, Mats; Gullström, Martin; Dahl, Martin & Asplund, Maria E. [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2022). Nordic Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Status and Outlook. Frontiers in Marine Science. ISSN 2296-7745. 9. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.847544. Full text in Research Archive
Baden, Susanne; Fredriksen, Stein; Christie, Hartvig C; Eriander, Louise; Gustafsson, Camilla & Holmer, Marianne [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Effects of depth and overgrowth of ephemeral macroalgae on a remote subtidal NE Atlantic eelgrass (Zostera marina) community. Marine Pollution Bulletin. ISSN 0025-326X. 177. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113497. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
We conducted a short-term field sampling complemented with time integrating stable isotope analysis to holistically investigate status and ecological interactions in a remote NE Atlantic Zostera marina meadow. We found high nutrient water concentrations, large biomass of fast-growing, ephemeral macroalgae, low abundance, and biodiversity of epifauna and a food web with thornback ray (Raja clavata) as intermediate and cod (Gadus morhua) as top predator. We observed no variation with increasing depth (3.5–11 m) except for decreasing shoot density and biomass of Zostera and macroalgae. Our results indicate that the Finnøya Zostera ecosystem is eutrophicated. During the past three to four decades, nutrients from aquaculture have steadily increased to reach 75% of anthropogenic input while the coastal top predator cod has decreased by 50%. We conclude that bottom-up regulation is a predominant driver of change since top-down regulation is generally weak in low density and exposed Zostera ecosystems such as Finnøya.
Norderhaug, KM; Filbee-Dexter, K; Freitas, Carla; Birkely, Sten Richard; Christensen, Lene & Mellerud, Ida Kristin [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Ecosystem-level effects of large-scale disturbance in kelp forests. Marine Ecology Progress Series. ISSN 0171-8630. 656, p. 163–180. doi: 10.3354/meps13426. Full text in Research Archive
Filbee-Dexter, Karen; Wernberg, Thomas; Grace, S.P.; Thormar, Jonas; Fredriksen, Stein & Narvaez, C.N. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Marine heatwaves and the collaps of marginal North Atlantic kelp forests. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70273-x. Full text in Research Archive
Reynolds, Pamela L.; Stachowicz, John J.; Hovel, Kevin; Boström, Christoffer; Boyer, Katharyn & Cusson, Mathieu [Show all 33 contributors for this article] (2018). Latitude, temperature, and habitat complexity predict predation pressure in eelgrass beds across the Northern Hemisphere. Ecology. ISSN 0012-9658. 99(1), p. 29–35. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2064.
Thormar, Jonas; Hasler-Sheetal, Harald; Baden, Susanne; Boström, Christoffer; Clausen, Kevin Kuhlmann & Krause-Jensen, Dorte [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Eelgrass (Zostera marina) food web structure in different environmental settings. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146479.
Silberberger, Marc Jürgen; Thormar, Jonas & Fredriksen, Stein (2016). Small-scale removal of seagrass (Zostera marina L.): effects on the infaunal community. Marine Biology Research. ISSN 1745-1000. 12, p. 993–1002. doi: 10.1080/17451000.2016.1225959.
Duffy, J. Emmett; Reynolds, Pamela L.; Boström, Christoffer; Coyer, James A.; Cusson, Mathieu & Donadi, Serena [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2015). Biodiversity mediates top-down control in eelgrass ecosystems: a global comparative-experimental approach. Ecology Letters. ISSN 1461-023X. 18(7), p. 696–705. doi: 10.1111/ele.12448.
Herranz, María; Thormar, Jonas; Benito, Jesús; Sánchez, Nuria & Pardos, Fernando (2012). Meristoderes gen. nov., a new kinorhynch genus, with the description of two new species and their implications for echinoderid phylogeny (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida, Echinoderidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger. ISSN 0044-5231. 251(3), p. 161–179. doi: 10.1016/j.jcz.2011.08.004.
Falk-Petersen, Stig; Leu, Eva; Berge, Jørgen; Kwasniewski, Slawomir; Nygård, Henrik & Røstad, Anders [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2008). Vertical migration in high Arctic waters during autumn 2004. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. ISSN 0967-0645. 55(20-21), p. 2275–2284. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.010. Show summary
The diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton and pelagic fish in the southern Arctic Ocean (82°N) and in Rijpfjorden (Svalbard, Nordaustlandet, 80°N) was investigated in autumn 2004, when there were distinct differences in light conditions between day and night. We collected data on zooplankton and fish distribution using plankton nets, trawls, and an echo sounder together with data on environmental parameters including sea-ice distribution, hydrography, and in situ fluorescence in the water column. In Rijpfjorden, the Arctic phytoplankton bloom had culminated several weeks prior to the present study and all three Calanus species had migrated down to depths for over wintering and did not show any changes in vertical distribution. However, in the Arctic Ocean pack ice at 82°N, Calanus hyperboreus, was found in high abundances (up to 65 ind. m−3) actively feeding on the Arctic bloom in September. They performed a classic DVM, feeding in the upper 50 m during the night and descending to depths below 50 m during the day. In Rijpfjorden, distinct DVM patterns were observed among the amphipod Themisto libellula, adult and juvenile stages of the pteropod Limacina helicina, and polar cod. Polar cod in Rijpfjorden fed on Calanus spp. and on L. helicina. We conclude that animals display DVM in the Arctic during autumn if they need to feed in food-rich surface waters.
Macnaughton, Martin; Thormar, Jonas & Berge, Jørgen (2007). Sympagic amphipods in the Arctic pack ice: redescriptions of Eusirus holmii Hansen, 1887 and Pleusymtes karstensi (Barnard, 1959). Polar Biology. ISSN 0722-4060. 30(8), p. 1013–1025. doi: 10.1007/s00300-007-0260-8. Show summary
During an expedition into the Arctic Ocean, in September 2004, six different species of amphipods were collected in the ice above 82°N. All six species (Apherusa glacialis, Gammarus wilkitzkii, Onisimus nanseni, O. glacialis, Pleusymtes karstensi and Eusirus holmii) were observed to be living adjacent to the sea ice or partly within its brine channels. The nature of the association with the ice for the last two species is uncertain, but the finding raises important questions regarding our knowledge of the sympagic fauna. Based on the obtained material, the two species E. holmii and P. karstensi are redescribed, and their association with the sea ice is discussed.

View all works in Cristin

Deininger, Anne; Martin, Angela Helen; Pardo, Juan; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Bhardwaj, Jyotirmoy & de Oliveira Catarino, Diana Sofia [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Coastal Research Seen Through an Early Career Lens—A Perspective on Barriers to Interdisciplinarity in Norway. Frontiers in Marine Science. ISSN 2296-7745. 8. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.634999. Full text in Research Archive
Frigstad, Helene; Gundersen, Hege; Hancke, Kasper; Andersen, Guri Sogn; Bekkby, Trine & Lutz, Steven [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Policy brief on Nordic Blue Carbon.
Dolan, Margaret; Bekkby, Trine; Buhl-Mortensen, Pål; Andersen, Guri Sogn; van Son, Thijs Christiaan & Thormar, Jonas [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). Phasing in use of the “Nature in Norway” (NiN) system for classification and description of nature in the marine environment – experiences, challenges and international relevance. .
Dolan, Margaret; Bekkby, Trine; Espeland, Sigurd Heiberg; Rinde, Eli; Moy, Frithjof Emil & Elvenes, Sigrid [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2018). Pilot Project for Mapping Marine Nature Types within the NiN Framework, Coastal Norway.
Thormar, Jonas; Steen, Henning; van Son, Thijs Christiaan; Bosgraaf, Sebastian; Christensen, Lene & Mellerud, Ida Kristin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Fish Assemblages in Coastal Vegetation.
Andersen, A; Thormar, Jonas; Norderhaug, KM & Fredriksen, Stein (2013). Benthic communities at the opera in Bjørvika.
Falk-Petersen, Stig; Wold, A; Røstad, A; Leu, E; Nygård, H & Gulliksen, Bjørn [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2004). Intense feeding of Calanus hyperboreus on Arctic Autumn Bloom Propagated by a Record Minimum Sea Ice Extent in 2004.
Naustvoll, Lars Johan; Thormar, Jonas; Lundsør, Elisabeth; Falkenhaug, Tone; Kroglund, Tone & Moy, Frithjof Emil (2021). ØKOKYST – sub-program Climate. Annual report 2020. Miljødirektoratet. Show summary
ØKOKYST – Ecosystem Monitoring of Coastal Waters – aim to map, monitor and report the environmental status along the Norwegian coast according to the “vannforskriften” (Water Framework Directive). The sub-program Climate includes areas at the Skagerrak coast and Skrova. The environmental status in 2020 vary between “very good” to “good” based on biological quality elements. In the overall chemical assessment, the status is between “very good” and “very poor”. One station in the program has only a preliminary assessment in 2020.
Bekkby, Trine; Rinde, Eli; Oug, Eivind; Buhl-Mortensen, Pål; Thormar, Jonas & Dolan, Margaret [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Forslag til forvaltningsrelevante marine naturenheter. Norsk institutt for vannforskning. ISSN 978-82-577-7408-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Regjeringen ønsker å prioritere kartlegging av naturtyper som enten er truet, viktige for mange arter, dekker sentrale økosystemfunksjoner, eller er spesielt dårlig kartlagt. En marin faggruppe ble nedsatt for å operasjonalisere kriteriene og bruke disse til å velge ut forvaltningsrelevant marin natur ved bruk av NiN-systemet.
Frigstad, Helene; Gundersen, Hege; Andersen, Guri Sogn; Borgersen, Gunhild; Kvile, Kristina Øie & Krause-Jensen, Dorte [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Blue Carbon – climate adaptation, CO2 uptake and sequestration of carbon in Nordic blue forests. Results from the Nordic Blue Carbon Project. . Nordic Council of Ministers. ISSN 978-92-893-6861-2. Show summary
This report presents the main findings of the Nordic Blue Carbon Project (2017–2020) on the areal distribution and carbon budget of blue forests (kelp forests, seagrass meadows and rockweed beds) in the Nordic region. We have identified the main ecosystem effects of climate change and other human pressures on Nordic blue forests, tested the effect of moderating some of these pressures, and give scientific advice on management measures aimed at safeguarding these important coastal ecosystems for the future. Recently, there has been an increased focus on salt marshes as a blue forest habitat, however salt marshes were not covered in the Nordic Blue Carbon Project.
Moland, Even; Synnes, Ann-Elin; Naustvoll, Lars Johan; Freitas, Carla; Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus & Thormar, Jonas [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Krafttak for kysttorsken - Kunnskap for stedstilpasset gjenoppbygging av bestander, naturtyper og økosystem i Færder- og Ytre Hvaler nasjonalparker. Havforskningsinstituttet. ISSN 1893-4536. Full text in Research Archive
Naustvoll, Lars Johan; Thormar, Jonas; Lundsør, Elisabeth; Kroglund, Tone; Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus & Moy, Frithjof Emil (2020). ØKOKYST – sub-program Climate. Annual report 2019. Miljødirektoratet. Show summary
ØKOKYST – Ecosystem Monitoring of Coastal Waters – aim to map, monitor and report the environmental status along the Norwegian coast according to the “vannforskriften” (Water Framework Directive). The sub-program Climate includes areas at the Skagerrak coast and Skrova. The environmental status in 2019 vary between “very good” to “poor” based on biological quality elements. In the overall chemical assessment, the status is between “good” and “very poor”. Several stations only have preliminary assessment in 2019.
Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus; van Son, Thijs Christiaan; Nikolioudakis, Nikolaos; Thormar, Jonas; Moy, Frithjof Emil & Knutsen, Jan Atle [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Biomassemodell for stortare - Ressursmodell for fremtidens forvaltning. Havforskningsinstituttet. ISSN 1893-4536. Full text in Research Archive
Bekkby, Trine; Rinde, Eli; Espeland, Sigurd Heiberg; Olsen, Heidi Anita; Thormar, Jonas & Grefsrud, Ellen Sofie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Nasjonal kartlegging – kyst 2019. Ny revisjon av kriterier for verdisetting av marine naturtyper og nøkkelområder for arter. Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA). ISSN 978-82-577-7189-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Klima- og miljøverndepartementet, Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet og Forsvarsdepartementet finansierte i perioden 2007-2010 Nasjonalt program for kartlegging og overvåking av biologisk mangfold - marint. Kartleggingen og verdisettingen var basert på DNs håndbok 19-2001, revidert 2007. Basert på erfaringene og ny kunnskap fremmet faggruppen (Norsk institutt for vannforskning, Havforskningsinstituttet og Norges geologiske undersøkelse) et forslag til revidering av verdikriteriene., publisert som en rapport i 2012. Programmet fortsatte kartlegging av marine naturtyper og nøkkelområder for arter i de gjenstående fylkene i perioden 2011-2019. I denne perioden har kartlagte forekomster blitt verdisatt etter 2012 kriteriene. Siden det i programmets sluttfase er behov for å verdisette alle kartlagte forekomster etter de samme kriteriene, og siden noen av 2012-kriteriene var mindre objektive og vanskeligere å gjennomførbare i praksis enn antatt, presenterer faggruppen her 2019- kriteriene som vil bli brukt i programmets siste års (2019) revisjon av alle kartlagte forekomster. Rapporten gir også en oversikt over hvilken informasjon faggruppen anbefaler legges til grunn for forvaltningens vurdering av total verdi.
Naustvoll, Lars Johan; Lundsør, Elisabeth; Thormar, Jonas; Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus; Kroglund, Tone & Moy, Frithjof Emil (2019). ØKOKYST - sub-program Climate. Annual report 2018. Miljødirektoratet. Show summary
ØKOKYST – Ecosystem Monitoring of Coastal Waters – aim to map, monitor and report the environmental status along the Norwegian coast according to the “vannforskriften” (Water Framework Directive). The sub-program Climate includes areas at the Skagerrak coast and Skrova. The environmental status in 2018 vary between “very good” to “poor” based on biological quality elements. In the overall chemical assessment, both stations within the program were in “good” status in 2018.
Andersen, Guri Sogn; Bekkby, Trine; Dolan, Margaret; Bøe, Reidulv; Thormar, Jonas & Buhl-Mortensen, Pål [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Feltveileder for Kartlegging av marin naturvariasjon etter NiN (2.2.0). Artsdatabanken. ISSN 978-82-92838-49-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Formålet med veilederen Veilederens hovedformål er å bidra til at resultatene av praktisk kartlegging i sjø i henhold til NiNs type og beskrivelsessystem blir så gode som mulig og sammenlignbare på tvers av kartleggere. Dette innebærer å beskrive hvordan, og i hvilken grad, den observerte naturvariasjonen bør forenkles under kartlegging. Veilederen skal oppsummere den kunnskapen som trengs for å kartlegge i sjø etter NiN, og i overenstemmelse med prinsippene som er omtalt i hovedveilederen (Bryn m. fl. 2018). Feltveilederen skal gi de generelle rammene for NiN-kartlegging i sjø, inkludert metodikk og verktøy, og har kartleggere som målgruppe. Denne feltveilederen dekker NiNs natursystemnivå med tilhørende type- og beskrivelsessystem for saltvannsbunnsystemer og marine vannmasser, og omfatter ikke andre deler av NiN. Veilederens Del D gir en beskrivelse av de ulike marine hovedtypene og miljøvariablene (LKMene) som definerer typeinndelingen. Denne delen gir også en veiledning til kartlegging av de ulike marine naturtypene på natursystemnivået for målestokkene 1:5 000, 1:20 000 og 1:100 000, i enkelte tilfeller også for målestokkene 1:500 og 1:2 500 (som er spesielt relevant for Fast fjærebeltebunn og evt. andre naturtyper som har liten arealutbredelse og som lar seg avgrense direkte i felt). Hovedveilederen (Bryn m. fl. (2018)) skisserer noen sentrale forutsetninger som en veileder for kartlegging av naturtyper avhenger av, blant annet at det finnes et type- og beskrivelsessystem som er tilpasset praktisk kartlegging. Det betyr at det må finnes tilstrekkelig erfaring med praktisk bruk av systemet. Disse forutsetningen er i all hovedsak ikke oppfylt for kartlegging i sjø. Det er derfor viktig å presisere at dette er en første-generasjons veileder for kartlegging i sjø etter NiN (versjon 2.2.0) på natursystemnivå. Etter hvert som denne veilederen testes i felt, vil erfaringer høstes og bidra til en videre utvikling og en revidering basert på nye erfaringer og evt. nye metoder som måtte utvikles.
Bekkby, Trine; Espeland, Sigurd Heiberg; Dolan, Margaret; Rinde, Eli; Moy, Frithjof Emil & Elvenes, Sigrid [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2018). Pilotprosjekt - Kartlegging av marin natur i Møre og Romsdal: Årsrapport 2017. Norsk institutt for vannforskning. Full text in Research Archive
Thormar, Jonas (2017). Disturbance and trophic interactions in Scandinavian eelgrass ecosystems. University of Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710.