Olav Sand

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Room 2509
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Visiting address Blindernveien 31 0371 Oslo
Postal address Postboks 1066 Blindern 0316 Oslo

Research interests

My research interests include signal transduction in endocrine cells, membrane-permeabilizing effects of bacterial peptides, physiology and behavior of ciliates, and hearing and lateral line physiology in fish. In our cellular studies, we are using a combination of electrophysiological (patch clamp), microfluorometric (calcium imaging), and molecular tools. The endocrine cells explored comprise lactotropes, gonadotropes, and adrenal chromaffin cells. The membrane permeabilizing effects of PlnA, a peptide produced by lactic acid bacteria, are studied on eukaryotic cells. For some cell types, PlnA permeabilizes cancer cells, but not their normal counterparts. Our results suggest that glycosylated membrane proteins have a key role in this process. The relation between electrophysiological properties and behavior in different species of ciliates is also investigated. Although the swimming behavior is mainly controlled by electrical signaling in ciliates, the electrophysiological properties vary greatly between species. Finally, the role of the swim bladder in hearing, mechanisms for directional hearing, and the separate roles of the auditory and the lateral line systems in fish have been studied for several decades. Among our most interesting findings is that fish are acutely sensitive to infrasound, even below 1 Hz, and that infrasound has strong behavioral effects on fish.

 

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Publications

  • Sand, Olav; Popper, Arthur N. & Hawkins, Anthony D. (2023). Evolution of the Understanding of Fish Hearing. In Ketten, Darlene R.; Coffin, Allison B.; Fay, Richard R. & Popper, Arthur N. (Ed.), A History of Discoveries on Hearing. Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-031-41319-3. p. 39–73. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-41320-9_3.
  • Sand, Olav (2023). A journey through the field of fish hearing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ISSN 0001-4966. 153(5), p. 2677–2689. doi: 10.1121/10.0017833.
  • Popper, Arthur N.; Hawkins, Anthony D.; Sand, Olav & Sisneros, Joseph A. (2019). Examining the hearing abilities of fishes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ISSN 0001-4966. 146(2), p. 948–955. doi: 10.1121/1.5120185.
  • Braun, Christopher B. & Sand, Olav (2014). Functional overlap and nonoverlap between lateral line and auditory systems. In Coombs, Sheryl; Bleckmann, Horst; Fay, Richard R. & Popper, Arthur N. (Ed.), The Lateral Line System. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 978-1-4614-8850-7. p. 281–312. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8851-4.
  • Grønlien, Heidi Kristine; Bruskeland, Guttorm Eric; Borgersen, Anne-Kari & Sand, Olav (2013). Electrophysiological Properties of the Microstome and Macrostome Morph of the Polymorphic Ciliate Tetrahymena vorax. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. ISSN 1066-5234. 60(1), p. 57–69. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12006.
  • Hodne, Kjetil; Strandabø, Rønnaug; von Krogh, Kristine; Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, Rasoul; Sand, Olav & Weltzien, Finn-Arne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Electrophysiological differences between fshb- and lhb-expresing gonadotropes in primary culture. Endocrinology. ISSN 0013-7227. 154(9), p. 3319–3330. doi: 10.1210/en.2013-1164.
  • Sand, Sverre; Nissen-Meyer, Jon; Sand, Olav & Haug, Trude M (2013). Plantaricin A, a cationic peptide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, permeabilizes eukaryotic cell membranes by a mechanism dependent on negative surface charge linked to glycosylated membrane proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes. ISSN 0005-2736. 1828(2), p. 249–259. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.11.001.
  • Strandabø, Rønnaug; Hodne, Kjetil; Ager-Wick, Eirill; Sand, Olav; Weltzien, Finn-Arne & Haug, Trude M (2013). Signal transduction involved in GnRH2-stimulation of identified LH-producing gonadotropes from lhb-GFP transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. ISSN 0303-7207. 372(1-2), p. 128–139. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.022.
  • Hodne, Kjetil; von Krogh, Kristine; Weltzien, Finn-Arne; Sand, Olav & Haug, Trude M (2012). Optimized conditions for primary culture of pituitary cells from the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The importance of osmolality, pCO(2), and pH. General and Comparative Endocrinology. ISSN 0016-6480. 178(2), p. 206–215. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.005.
  • Grønlien, Heidi Kristine; Hagen, Bjarne & Sand, Olav (2011). Microstome-macrostome transformation in the polymorphic ciliate Tetrahymena vorax leads to mechanosensitivity associated with prey-capture behaviour. Journal of Experimental Biology. ISSN 0022-0949. 214, p. 2258–2266. doi: 10.1242/jeb.055897.
  • Haug, Trude Marie; Sand, Sverre; Sand, Olav; Phung, Danh; Granum, Per Einar & Hardy, Simon P. (2010). Formation of Very Large Conductance Channels by Bacillus cereus Nhe in Vero and GH4 Cells Identifies NheA + B as the Inherent Pore-Forming Structure. Journal of Membrane Biology. ISSN 0022-2631. 237, p. 1–11.
  • Grønlien, Heidi Kristine; Rønnevig, Anna Kari; Hagen, Bjarne & Sand, Olav (2010). Chemo-accumulation without changes in membrane potential in the microstome form of the ciliate Tetrahymena vorax. Journal of Experimental Biology. ISSN 0022-0949. 213(23), p. 3980–3987. doi: 10.1242/jeb.042903.
  • Sun, Xiaoping; Chen, Bo-Ming; Sand, Olav; Kidokoro, Yoshi & Grinnell, Alan D. (2010). Depolarization-Induced Ca2+ Entry Preferentially Evokes Release of Large Quanta in the Developing Xenopus Neuromuscular Junction. Journal of Neurophysiology. ISSN 0022-3077. 104(5), p. 2730–2740. doi: 10.1152/jn.01041.2009.
  • Andersland, Kristin; Jølle, Guro Five; Sand, Olav & Haug, Trude M (2010). Peptide Pheromone Plantaricin A Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum Permeabilizes Liver and Kidney Cells. Journal of Membrane Biology. ISSN 0022-2631. 235(2), p. 121–129. doi: 10.1007/s00232-010-9263-4.
  • Sand, Sverre; Oppegård, Camilla; Ohara, S.; Iijima, Toshio; Naderi, Soheil & Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Plantaricin A, a peptide pheromone produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, permeabilizes the cell membrane of both normal and cancerous lymphocytes and neuronal cells. Peptides. ISSN 0196-9781. 31(7), p. 1237–1244. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.010.
  • Haug, Trude M; Sand, Sverre; Sand, Olav; Phung, Danh; Granum, Per Einar & Hardy, Simon P. (2010). Formation of Very Large Conductance Channels by Bacillus cereus Nhe in Vero and GH(4) Cells Identifies NheA plus B as the Inherent Pore-Forming Structure. Journal of Membrane Biology. ISSN 0022-2631. 237(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s00232-010-9298-6.
  • Knudsen, Frank R.; Hawkins, Anthony D.; McAllen, Rob & Sand, Olav (2009). Diel interactions between sprat and mackerel in a marine lough and their effects upon acoustic measurements of fish abundance. Fisheries Research. ISSN 0165-7836. 100(2), p. 140–147. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.06.015.
  • Sand, Olav & Bleckmann, Horst (2008). Orientation to auditory and lateral line stimuli. In Webb, Jacqueline F.; Popper, Arthur n. & Fay, Richard R. (Ed.), Fish Bioacoustics. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 978-0-387-73028-8. p. 183–231.
  • Sand, Olav (2008). Detection of sound by fish: a minireview. Bioacoustics. ISSN 0952-4622. 17, p. 92–95.
  • Haug, Trude M; Hodne, Kjetil; Weltzien, Finn-Arne & Sand, Olav (2007). Electrophysiological properties of pituitary cells in primary culture from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Neuroendocrinology. ISSN 0028-3835. 86, p. 38–47. doi: 10.1159/000103867.
  • Sand, Sverre; Haug, Trude M; Nissen-Meyer, Jon & Sand, Olav (2007). The bacterial peptide pheromone plantaricin a permeabilizes cancerous, but not normal, rat pituitary cells and differentiates between the outer and inner membrane leaflet. Journal of Membrane Biology. ISSN 0022-2631. 216(2-3), p. 61–71. doi: 10.1007/s00232-007-9030-3.
  • Hafting, Torkel; Haug, Trude M; Ellefsen, Stian & Sand, Olav (2006). Hypotonic stress activates BK channels in clonal kidney cells via purinergic receptors, presumably of the P2Y1 subtype. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 188(1), p. 21–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2006.01601.
  • Sonny, Damien; Knudsen, Frank R.; Enger, Per Stockfleth; Kvernstuen, Torstein & Sand, Olav (2006). Reactions of cyprinids to infrasound in a lake and at the cooling water inlet of a nuclear power plant. Journal of Fish Biology. ISSN 0022-1112. 69, p. 735–748.
  • Mørk, Halvor Kjeang; Haug, Trude M & Sand, Olav (2005). Contribution of different Ca-activated K channels to the first phase of the response to TRH in clonal rat anterior pituitary cells. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 184(2), p. 141–150. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2005.01441.
  • Haug, Trude M; Hafting, Torkel & Sand, Olav (2004). Inhibition of BK channels contributes to the second phase of the response to TRH in clonal rat anterior pituitary cells. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 180, p. 347–357.
  • Karlsen, Hans Erik; Piddington, Robert W; Enger, Per Stockfleth & Sand, Olav (2004). Infrasound initiates directional fast-start escape responses in juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus. Journal of Experimental Biology. ISSN 0022-0949. 207, p. 4185–4193.
  • Pettigrew, John D; Sand, Olav & Gynther, Ian (2004). Error rate of axons at the owl's potic chiasm. Clinical and experimental optometry. ISSN 0816-4622. 87(2), p. 93–96.
  • Popper, A.N.; Fay, R.R.; Platt, C. & Sand, Olav (2003). Sound detection mechanisms and capabilities of teleost fishes. In Collin, Shaun P. & Marshall, N. Justin (Ed.), Sensory Processing in the Aquatic Environment. Springer. ISSN 0-387-95527-5. p. 2–38.
  • Sand, Olav (2002). Sound source localization: an historical assessment. Bioacoustics. ISSN 0952-4622. 12(2/3), p. 199–201.
  • Grønlien, Heidi Kristine; Løvlie, Arne Mathias & Sand, Olav (2001). Light sensitivity of the ciliate Tetrahymena vorax induced by the fluorescent dye acridine orange. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Comparative Physiology. ISSN 0300-9629. 130A, p. 633–641.
  • Sand, Olav; Chen, Bo-Ming & Grinnell, Alan D. (2001). Contribution of L-type Ca2+ channels to evoked transmitter release in cultured Xenopus nerve-muscle synapses. Journal of Physiology. ISSN 0022-3751. 536, p. 21–33.
  • Sand, Olav; Enger, Per S.; Karlsen, Hans Erik & Knudsen, Frank R. (2001). Detection of infrasound in fish and behavioral responses to intense infrasound in juvenile salmonids and European silver eels: a minireview. American Fisheries Society, Symposium. ISSN 0892-2284. 26, p. 183–193.
  • Sand, Olav; Enger, Per Stockfeldt; Karlsen, Hans Erik & Knudsen, Frank Reier (2001). Detection of infrasound in fish and behavioural responses to intense infrasound in juvenile salmonids and european silver eels: a minireview. American Fisheries Society, Symposium. ISSN 0892-2284.
  • Rudberg, Pia & Sand, Olav (2000). Bistable membrane potential of the ciliate coleps hirtus. Journal of Experimental Biology. ISSN 0022-0949. 203, p. 757–764.
  • Sand, Olav; Enger, Per S.; Karlsen, Hans Erik; Knudsen, Frank R. & Kvernstuen, Torstein (2000). Avoidance responses to infrasound in downstream migrating European silver eels, Anguilla anguilla. Environmental Biology of Fishes. ISSN 0378-1909. 57, p. 327–336.
  • Hafting, Torkel & Sand, Olav (2000). Purinergic activation of BK channels in clonal kidney cells (Vero cells). Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 170, p. 99–109.
  • Sand, Olav & Karlsen, Hans Erik (2000). Detection of infrasound and linear acceleration in fish. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8436. 355, p. 1295–1298.
  • Østberg, Bjørn Christian; Sand, Olav; Bjøro, Trine & Haug, Egil (2000). A perfusion system for studying secretion in vitro using a cell column optimised to provide high time resolution. BioTechniques. ISSN 0736-6205. 29, p. 1114–1125.
  • Bjålie, J.G.; Haug, Egil; Sand, Olav & Sjaastad, Øystein (1998). Menneskekroppen. Fysiologi og anatomi, Menneskekroppen. Fysiologi og anatomi. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 82-00-41831-6. p. 1–486.
  • Sand, Olav (1997). Infrasonic detection in fish. In Carlson, T.J. & Popper, A.N. (Ed.), Using Sound to modify Fish Behavior at Power-Production and Water-Control Facilities: a Workshop. Bonneville Power Administration,. ISSN 00-000-0000-0. p. 91–105.
  • Knudsen, Frank R.; Schreck, C.B.; Knapp, S.M.; Enger, Per S. & Sand, Olav (1997). Infrasound produces flight and avoidance responses in Pacific juvenile salmonids. Journal of Fish Biology. ISSN 0022-1112. 51, p. 824–829.
  • Kajiwara, R.; Sand, Olav; Kidokoro, Y.; Barish, M.E. & Iijima, T. (1997). Functional organization of chromaffin cells and cholinergic synaptic transmission in rat adrenal medulla. Japanese Journal of Physiology. ISSN 0021-521X. 47, p. 449–464.
  • Lanzrein, Markus; Falnes, P.Ø.; Sand, Olav & Olsnes, Sjur (1997). Structure-function relationship of the ion channel formed by diphtheria toxin in Vero cell membrane. Journal of Membrane Biology. ISSN 0022-2631. 156, p. 141–148.
  • Haugstad, Tor S.; Karlsen, Hans Erik; Krajci, Peter; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt; Larsen, M & Sandberg, Cecilie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (1997). Efflux of _g-aminobutyric acid caused by changes in ion concentrations and cell swelling simulating the effect of cerebral ischaemia. Acta Neurochirurgica. ISSN 0001-6268. 139, p. 453–463.
  • Haug, Trude M & Sand, Olav (1997). BK channels in intact clonal rat pituitary cells are activated by physiological elevations of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at the normal resting potential. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 161, p. 227–237.

View all works in Cristin

  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein & Haug, Egil (2022). Menneskets fysiologi, 3. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-53459-9. 912 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein; Haug, Egil & Bjaalie, Jan G. (2021). Människokroppen - Fysiologi och anatomi, 3. upplagan. Liber. ISBN 978-91-47-14287-3. 668 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein; Haug, Egil & Bjaalie, Jan G. (2019). Anatomi og fysiologi - Menneskekroppen, 4. utgave. Gads forlag. ISBN 9788712058328. 666 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjaalie, Jan G. & Egil, Haug (2018). Arbeidsbok til Menneskekroppen - Fysiologi og anatomi, 3. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-51403-4. 224 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein; Haug, Egil & Bjaalie, Jan G. (2018). Menneskekroppen - Fysiologi og anatomi, 3. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-50482-0. 666 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Sand, Olav & Hove, Knut (2017). Fiziologija domacih zivotinja. Naklada Slap. ISBN 978-953-191-858-9. 803 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Sand, Olav & Hove, Knut (2016). Physiology of Domestic Animals - Third Edition. Scandinavian Veterinary Press. ISBN 978-82-91743-41-7. 936 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein; Haug, Egil & Bjaalie, Jan G. (2015). Menneskets anatomi og fysiologi 3. utgave. Gads Forlag. ISBN 978-87-12-05107-7. 538 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjaalie, Jan G. & Egil, Haug (2015). Studieoppgaver til Menneskets anatomi og fysiologi. Gads forlag. ISBN 9788712050353. 203 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein & Haug, Egil (2014). Menneskets fysiologi, 2. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-42341-1. 885 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Sand, Olav & Hove, Knut (2013). Fisiologia degli animali domestici. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. ISBN 9788808182937. 816 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein; Haug, Egil & Bjaalie, Jan G. (2011). Ihminen - Fysiologia ja anatomia. Sanoma Pro Oy. ISBN 978-952-63-0898-2. 571 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Sand, Olav & Hove, Knut (2010). Physiology of Domestic Animals, Second Edition. Scandinavian Veterinary Press. ISBN 978-82-91743-07-3. 804 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjaalie, Jan G. & Haug, Egil (2008). Arbetsbok till Människokroppen-Fysiologi och anatomi, andra upplagen. Liber. ISBN 9789147015351. 203 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein; Egil, Haug & Bjaalie, Jan G. (2007). Människokroppen - Fysiologi och anatomi. Liber. ISBN 978-91-47-08435-7. 544 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein; Haug, Egil & Bjaalie, Jan G. (2006). Menneskekroppen - Fysiologi og anatomi 2. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-34807-3. 544 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein V.; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjaalie, Jan G. & Haug, Egil (2006). Arbeidsbok til menneskekroppen - Fysiologi og anatomi, 2. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-34808-0. 203 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein & Haug, Egil (2004). Människans fysiologi. Liber. ISBN 978-91-47-05195-3. 600 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Hove, Knut & Sand, Olav (2003). Physiology of Domestic Animals. Scandinavian Veterinary Press. ISBN 82-91743-11-8. 735 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjaalie, Jan G. & Haug, Egil (2003). Ihminen - Fysiologian ja anatomian työkirja. WSOY. ISBN 951-0-24824-X. 189 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjaalie, Jan G. & Haug, Egil (2003). Arbejdsbog til Menneskets anatomi og fysiologi. Gads Forlag. ISBN 9788712039839. 189 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjaalie, Jan G. & Haug, Egil (2003). Arbetsbok till Människokroppen - Fysiologi och anatomi. Liber. ISBN 91-47-05184-1. 189 p.
  • Sjaastad, Øystein; Toverud, Kari C.; Sand, Olav; Bjålie, Jan Gunnar & Haug, Egil (2002). Arbeidsbok til Menneskekroppen. Fysiologi og anatomi. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 82-00-45118-6. 189 p.
  • Sand, Olav; Sjaastad, Øystein & Haug, Egil (2001). Menneskets fysiologi. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S. ISBN 82-05-28074-6. 600 p.
  • Bjaalie, Jan G.; Egil, Haug; Sand, Olav & Sjaastad, Øystein (1999). Ihminen - Fysiologia ja anatomia. WSOY. ISBN 951-0-23087-1. 510 p.
  • Bjaalie, Jan G.; Haug, Egil; Sand, Olav & Sjaastad, Øystein (1998). Menneskets anatomi og fysiologi. Gads Forlag. ISBN 87-12-03264-6. 486 p.
  • Bjaalie, Jan G.; Egil, Haug; Sand, Olav & Sjaastad, Øystein (1998). Människokroppen. Liber. ISBN 91-47-04919-7. 486 p.
  • Bjaalie, Jan G.; Egil, Haug; Sand, Olav & Sjaastad, Øystein (1998). Menneskekroppen. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S. ISBN 82-00-41831-6. 486 p.

View all works in Cristin

  • Hawkins, Anthony D.; Chapman, Colin; Fay, Richard R.; Horner, Kathleen; Popper, Arthur N. & Sand, Olav (2019). The pioneering contributions of Per Stockfleth Enger to fish bioacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ISSN 0001-4966. 145(3), p. 1596–1599. doi: 10.1121/1.5095405.
  • Sand, Sverre L.; Nissen-Meyer, Jon; Sand, Olav & Haug, Trude M (2011). The cationic peptide plantaricin A produced by Lactobacillus plantarum permeabilizes eukaryotic cell membranes by a mechanism dependent on negative surface charge linked to glycosylated membrane proteins. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 202.
  • Haug, Trude M; Sand, Sverre L.; Phung, Danh; Hardy, Simpn P. & Sand, Olav (2009). The Bacillus cereus Nhe enterotoxin forms gigantic channels in cell membranes. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 196.
  • Sand, Olav (2008). Zoofysiologen John Olav Krog. In Lærum, Ole Didrik (Eds.), Norske Forskerprofiler, 2006-2007. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-0848-7. p. 188–193.
  • Sand, Sverre L.; Ohara, S.; Oppegård, Camilla; Iijima, Toshio; Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil & Nissen-Meyer, Jon [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). BOTH NORMAL AND CANCEROUS LYMPHOCYTES AND NEURONS ARE PERMEABILIZED BY PLANTARICIN A, A PEPTIDE PRODUCED BY LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 193.
  • Andersland, Kristin; Johansen, Guro Five; Haug, Trude M & Sand, Olav (2008). THE ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE PLANTARICIN A PERMEABILIZES LIVER AND KIDNEY CELLS. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 193.
  • Sand, Olav; Karlsen, Hans Erik & Knudsen, FR (2008). Comment on "Silent research vessels are not quiet" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, EL145-EL1501 (L). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ISSN 0001-4966. 123, p. 1831–1833. doi: 10.1121/1.2839134.
  • Haug, Trude M; Hodne, Kjetil; Weltzien, Finn-Arne & Sand, Olav (2007). Signaling properties of teleost gonadotropes with a first study from atlantic cod. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 190.
  • Sand, Sverre L.; Haug, Trude M; Nissen-Meyer, Jon & Sand, Olav (2006). Clonal rat anterior pituitary cells (GH4 cells) are permeabilized by plantaricin A, a peptide pheromone produced by Lactobacillus plantarum. SFN Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner.
  • Sand, Olav (2006). Directional hearing in fish: a minireview. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 187.
  • Sand, Sverre Larsstuvold; Haug, Trude M; Fimland, Gunnar; Nissen-Meyer, Jon & Sand, Olav (2006). Membrane-permeabilizing effects of the bacterial peptide Plantaricin A on rat anterior pituitary cells. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 187.
  • Haug, Trude M; Hodne, Kjetil; Weltzien, Finn-Arne & Sand, Olav (2006). Electrophysiological properties of pituitary cells in primary cultures from atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 187.
  • Kristiansen, Per Eugen; Sand, Sverre; Haug, Trude M; Sand, Olav; Fimland, Gunnar & Zhao, Hongxia [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2006). Structure and Mode of Action of the Membrane-Permeabilizing Antimicrobial Peptide Pheromone Plantaricin A.
  • Sand, Olav; Haug, Trude M & Mørk, Halvor (2005). Electrophysiological properties of anterior pituitary cells. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 183.
  • Grønlien, Heidi Kristine; Sand, Olav & Berg, Trond (2005). Phagocytosis in the polymorphic ciliate Tetrahymena vorax. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 183.
  • Hagen, Bjarne; Grønlien, Heidi Kristine & Sand, Olav (2005). A study of chemokinesis in the two forms of the polymorphic ciliate Tetrahymena vorax. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 183.
  • Mørk, Halvor; Haug, Trude M & Sand, Olav (2004). Contribution of different Ca2+-activated K+-channels to the first phase of the TRH response in clonal anterior pituitary cells (GH4 cells). Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 181.
  • Haug, Trude M; Hafting, Torkel & Sand, Olav (2004). Contribution of BK channels to the resting conductance and the second phase of the response to TRH in anterior pituitary cells (GH4C1cells). Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 181.
  • Haug, Trude M; Hafting-Fyhn, Torkel & Sand, Olav (2003). Contribution of BK channels to the second phase of the response to TRH in anterior pituitary cells (GH4 cells). SFN Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner.
  • Sand, Olav; Chen, Bo-Ming & Grinnell, Alan D. (2001). Presynaptic terminals of embryonic Xenopus neuromuscular junctions possess L-type calcium channels with fast activation kinetics. Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology. ISSN 0031-6768. 441(6).
  • Sand, Olav; Chen, Bo-Ming & Grinnell, Alan D. (2000). L-type calcium channels contribute to evoked transmitter release in embryonic Xenopus nerve muscle synapses. Abstracts - Society for Neuroscience. ISSN 0190-5295. 26.
  • Bruskeland, G.E. & Sand, Olav (1999). Membrane currents in the microstome and macrostome forms of Tetrahymena vorax. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 165.
  • Hafting, Torkel & Sand, Olav (1999). Purinergic activation of BK-channels in intact Vero cells at the normal resting potential. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6772. 165.
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Published May 5, 2014 8:14 AM - Last modified Sep. 28, 2021 2:18 PM