Stephan Oepen

Professor, Head of Department - Department for Informatics

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Stephan Oepen studied Linguistics, German and Russian Philology, Computer Science, and Computational Linguistics at Berlin, Volgograd, and Saarbrücken. Between 2011 and 2017, he headed the Research Group for Language Technology at the University of Oslo; in 2020 he served as the manager of the Divison for Machine Learning at the Department of Informatics; and has since been elected as Head of Department for the period 2021–24.

Prior to his current appointment, he worked, among others, at the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Saarland University (both Germany), YY Technologies (Mountain View), and Stanford University (both USA). His research revolves around the integration of linguistics and computing, where he has published some hundred peer-reviewed research articles and conference papers and has co-founded the world-wide DELPH-IN network and the Nordic Language Processing Laboratory (NLPL). Oepen has supervised to completion ten doctoral projects and about twenty Master of Science degrees.

In 2020, he is president of the ACL Special Interest Group on Natural Language Parsing (SIGPARSE), chair of the CoNLL Shared Task on Meaning Representation Parsing, and area co-chair for the 58^th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics. He has been a member of the editorial board of Computational Linguistics and of the executive committee of the European Association for Computational Linguistics, as well as secretary of SIGPARSE and area co-chair for the 2017 Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and for the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. In the academic year 2017–18, Oepen has co-directed an international research group at the Center for Advanced Studies of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

In Press

Flickinger, F., Oepen, S., & Bender, E.M. Sustainable Development and Refinement of Complex Linguistic Annotations at Scale. In Ide, N. & Pustejovsky, J. (eds.). Handbook of Linguistic Annotations (in press).
Zhang, Y., Oepen, S., Dridan, R., Flickinger, D., & Krieger, H.U. Robust Parsing, Meaning Composition, and Evaluation. Integrating Grammar Approximation, Default Unification, and Elementary Semantic Dependencies (unpublished manuscript).

Tags: language technology, Machine Learning

Van Gysel, Jens E. L.; Vigus, Meagan; Chun, Jayeol; Lai, Kenneth; Moeller, Sarah & Yao, Jiarui [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). Designing a Uniform Meaning Representation for Natural Language Processing. Künstliche Intelligenz. ISSN 0933-1875. 35(3-4), p. 343–360. doi: 10.1007/s13218-021-00722-w.
Yeghaneh Abkenar, Mohammad; Stede, Manfred & Oepen, Stephan (2021). Neural Argumentation Mining on Essays and Microtexts with Contextualized Word Embeddings. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. ISSN 1613-0073. 2957.
Barnes, Jeremy; Kurtz, Robin; Oepen, Stephan; Øvrelid, Lilja & Velldal, Erik (2021). Structured Sentiment Analysis as Dependency Graph Parsing. In Zong, Chengqing; Xia, Fei; Li, Wenjie & Navigli, Roberto (Ed.), Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-954085-52-7. p. 3387–3402. doi: http%3A/dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.263.
Kutuzov, Andrei; Barnes, Jeremy; Velldal, Erik; Øvrelid, Lilja & Oepen, Stephan (2021). Large-Scale Contextualised Language Modelling for Norwegian. In Dobnik, Simon & Øvrelid, Lilja (Ed.), Proceedings of the 23rd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa). Linköping University Electronic Press. ISSN 978-91-7929-614-8. p. 30–40.
Kurtz, Robin; Oepen, Stephan & Kuhlmann, Marco (2020). End-to-End Negation Resolution as Graph Parsing. In Bouma, Gosse; Matsumoto, Yuji; Oepen, Stephan; Sagae, Kenji; Seddah, Djame; Sun, Weiwei; Søgaard, Anders & Tsarfaty, Reut (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2020 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-952148-11-8. p. 14–24.
Abzianidze, Lasha; Bos, Johan & Oepen, Stephan (2020). DRS at MRP 2020: Dressing up Discourse Representation Structures as Graphs. In Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Abzianidze, Lasha; Bos, Johan; Hajic, Jan; Hershcovich, Daniel; Li, Bin; O'Gorman, Tim & Zeman, Daniel (Ed.), Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task:Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 9781952148644. p. 23–32. doi: 10.18653/v1/2020.conll-shared.2.
Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Abzianidze, Lasha; Bos, Johan; Hajic, Jan & Hershcovich, Daniel [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). MRP 2020: The Second Shared Task on Cross-Framework and Cross-Lingual Meaning Representation Parsing. In Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Abzianidze, Lasha; Bos, Johan; Hajic, Jan; Hershcovich, Daniel; Li, Bin; O'Gorman, Tim & Zeman, Daniel (Ed.), Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task:Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 9781952148644. p. 1–22.
Buljan, Maja; Nivre, Joakim; Oepen, Stephan & Øvrelid, Lilja (2020). A tale of three parsers: Towards diagnostic evaluation for meaning representation parsing. In Calzolari, Nicoletta (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference . European Language Resources Association. ISSN 979-10-95546-34-4. p. 1902–1909. Full text in Research Archive
Koller, Alexander; Oepen, Stephan & Sun, Weiwei (2019). Graph-Based Meaning Representations: Design and Processing. In Nakov, Preslav & Palmer, Alexis (Ed.), The 57th Annual Meetingof the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-950737-50-5. p. 6–11. doi: 10.18653/v1/P19-4002.
Oepen, Stephan & Flickinger, Dan (2019). The ERG at MRP 2019: Radically Compositional Semantic Dependencies. In Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Hajic, Jan; Hershcovich, Daniel; Kuhlmann, Marco; O’Gorman, Tim & Nianwen, Xue (Ed.), Proceedings of the Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing at the 2019 Conference on Natural Language Learning. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-950737-60-4. p. 40–44. doi: 10.18653/v1/K19-2003.
Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Hajic, Jan; Hershcovich, Daniel; Kuhlmann, Marco & O'Gorman, Tim [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). MRP 2019: Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing. In Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Hajic, Jan; Hershcovich, Daniel; Kuhlmann, Marco; O’Gorman, Tim & Nianwen, Xue (Ed.), Proceedings of the Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing at the 2019 Conference on Natural Language Learning. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-950737-60-4. p. 1–27. doi: 10.18653/v1/K19-2001.
Fares, Murhaf; Oepen, Stephan; Øvrelid, Lilja; Björne, Jari & Johansson, Richard (2018). The 2018 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation: On the Downstream Utility of English Universal Dependency Parsers. In Zeman, Daniel & Hajic, Jan (Ed.), Proceedings of the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-948087-82-7. p. 22–33. doi: 10.18653/v1/K18-2002.
Fares, Murhaf; Oepen, Stephan & Velldal, Erik (2018). Transfer and Multi-Task Learning for Noun–Noun Compound Interpretation. In Riloff, Ellen (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-948087-84-1. p. 1488–1498. doi: 10.18653/v1/d18-1178. Full text in Research Archive
Lapponi, Emanuele; Søyland, Martin G.; Velldal, Erik & Oepen, Stephan (2018). The Talk of Norway: A Richly Annotated Corpus of the Norwegian Parliament, 1998–2016. Language Resources and Evaluation. ISSN 1574-020X. 52(3), p. 873–893. doi: 10.1007/s10579-018-9411-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In this work we present the Talk of Norway (ToN) data set, a collection of Norwegian Parliament speeches from 1998 to 2016. Every speech is richly annotated with metadata harvested from different sources, and augmented with language type, sentence, token, lemma, part-of-speech, and morphological feature annotations. We also present a pilot study on party classification in the Norwegian Parliament, carried out in the context of a cross-faculty collaboration involving researchers from both Political Science and Computer Science. Our initial experiments demonstrate how the linguistic and institutional annotations in ToN can be used to gather insights on how different aspects of the political process affect classification.
Flickinger, Dan; Oepen, Stephan & Bender, Emily (2017). Sustainable Development and Refinement of Complex Linguistic Annotations at Scale. In Ide, Nancy & Pustejovsky, James (Ed.), Handbook of Linguistic Annotation. Springer. ISSN 978-94-024-0879-9. p. 353–377. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0881-2.
Eckart de Castilho, Richard; Ide, Nancy; Lapponi, Emanuele; Oepen, Stephan; Suderman, Keith & Velldal, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Representation and Interchange of Linguistic Annotation. An In-Depth, Side-by-Side Comparison of Three Designs. In Schneider, Nathan & Xue, Nianwen (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th Linguistic Annotation Workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-945626-39-5. p. 67–75. doi: 10.18653/v1/w17-0808.
Lapponi, Emanuele; Oepen, Stephan & Øvrelid, Lilja (2017). EPE 2017: The Sherlock Negation Resolution Downstream Application. In Oepen, Stephan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2017 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation at the Fourth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics and the 15th International Conference on Parsing Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-945626-74-6. p. 25–30.
Oepen, Stephan; Øvrelid, Lilja; Björne, Jari; Johansson, Richard; Lapponi, Emanuele & Ginter, Filip [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). The 2017 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation: Towards a Reusable Community Infrastructure. In Oepen, Stephan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2017 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation at the Fourth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics and the 15th International Conference on Parsing Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-945626-74-6. p. 1–16. doi: 10.18653/v1/k18-2002.
Kutuzov, Andrei; Fares, Murhaf; Oepen, Stephan & Velldal, Erik (2017). Word vectors, reuse, and replicability: Towards a community repository of large-text resources. In Tiedemann, Jörg (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa). Linköping University Electronic Press. ISSN 978-91-7685-601-7. p. 271–276. Full text in Research Archive
Kuhlmann, Marco & Oepen, Stephan (2016). Towards a catalogue of linguistic graph banks. Computational Linguistics. ISSN 0891-2017. 42(4), p. 819–827. doi: 10.1162/COLI_a_00268.
Oepen, Stephan; Kuhlmann, Marco; Miyao, Yusuke; Zeman, Daniel; Cinková, Silvie & Flickinger, Dan [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Towards Comparability of Linguistic Graph Banks for Semantic Parsing, Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016). European Language Resources Association. ISSN 978-2-9517408-9-1. p. 3991–3995.
Oepen, Stephan; Read, Jonathon; Scheffler, Tatjana; Sidarenka, Uladzimir; Stede, Manfred & Velldal, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). OPT: Oslo–Potsdam–Teesside. Pipelining Rules, Rankers, and Classifier Ensembles for Shallow Discourse Parsing. In Xue, Nianwen (Eds.), Proceedings of the CoNLL-16 Shared Task. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-932432-66-4. p. 20–26. doi: 10.18653/v1/k16-2002.
Ivanova, Angelina; Oepen, Stephan; Dridan, Rebecca; Flickinger, Dan; Øvrelid, Lilja & Lapponi, Emanuele (2016). On different approaches to syntactic analysis into bi-lexical dependencies: An empirical comparison of direct, PCFG-based, and HPSG-based parsers. Journal of Language Modelling. ISSN 2299-856X. 4(1), p. 113–144. doi: 10.15398/jlm.v4i1.101.
Fares, Murhaf; Oepen, Stephan & Velldal, Erik (2015). Identifying Compounds: On The Role of Syntax. In Dickinson, Markus; Hinrichs, Erhard; Patejuk, Agnieszka & Przepiórkowski, Adam (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT14). Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPI-PAN). ISSN 978-83-63159-18-4.
Oepen, Stephan; Kuhlmann, Marco; Miyao, Yusuke; Zeman, Daniel; Cinková, Silvie & Flickinger, Dan [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). SemEval 2015 Task 18: Broad-Coverage Semantic Dependency Parsing. In Cer, Daniel; Jurgens, David; Nakov, Preslav & Zesch, Torsten (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2015). Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-941643-40-2. p. 915–926. doi: 10.18653/v1/s15-2153.
Agić, Željko; Koller, Alexander & Oepen, Stephan (2015). Semantic Dependency Graph Parsing Using Tree Approximations. In Purver, Matthew; Sadrzadeh, Mehrnoosh & Stone, Matthew (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computational Semantics. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-941643-33-4. p. 217–227. doi: 10.3115/v1/s14-2081.
Bender, Emily; Flickinger, Dan; Oepen, Stephan; Packard, Woodley & Copestake, Ann (2015). Layers of Interpretation: On Grammar and Compositionality. In Purver, Matthew; Sadrzadeh, Mehrnoosh & Stone, Matthew (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computational Semantics. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-941643-33-4. p. 239–249.
Skjærholt, Arne & Oepen, Stephan (2014). Estimating the Utility of Simplified Discriminants in Grammar-Based Treebanking. In Henrich, Verena; Hinrichs, Erhard; de Kok, Daniel; Osenova, Petya & Przepiórkowski, Adam (Ed.), Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT13). University of Tübingen. ISSN 978-3-9809183-9-8. p. 208–217.
Miyao, Yusuke; Oepen, Stephan & Zeman, Daniel (2014). In-House: An Ensemble of Pre-Existing Off-the-Shelf Parsers. In Nakov, Preslav & Zesch, Torsten (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2014). Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-941643-24-2. p. 335–340. doi: 10.3115/v1/s14-2056.
Oepen, Stephan; Kuhlmann, Marco; Miyao, Yusuke; Zeman, Daniel; Flickinger, Dan & Hajič, Jan [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). SemEval 2014 Task 8: Broad-Coverage Semantic Dependency Parsing. In Nakov, Preslav & Zesch, Torsten (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2014). Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-941643-24-2. p. 63–72. doi: 10.3115/v1/s14-2008.
Flickinger, Dan; Bender, Emily & Oepen, Stephan (2014). Towards an Encyclopedia of Compositional Semantics: Documenting the Interface of the English Resource Grammar. In Calzolari, Nicoletta; Choukri, Khalid; Declerck, Thierry; Loftsson, Hrafn; Maegaard, Bente; Mariani, Joseph; Moreno, Asuncion; Odijk, Jan & Piperidis, Stelios (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14). European Language Resources Association. ISSN 978-2-9517408-8-4. p. 875–881.
Lapponi, Emanuele; Velldal, Erik; Oepen, Stephan & Knudsen, Rune Lain (2014). Off-Road LAF: Encoding and Processing Annotations in NLP Workflows. In Calzolari, Nicoletta; Choukri, Khalid; Declerck, Thierry; Loftsson, Hrafn; Maegaard, Bente; Mariani, Joseph; Moreno, Asuncion; Odijk, Jan & Piperidis, Stelios (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14). European Language Resources Association. ISSN 978-2-9517408-8-4. p. 4578–4584.
Kouylekov, Milen & Oepen, Stephan (2014). Semantic Technologies for Querying Linguistic Annotations: An Experiment Focusing on Graph-Structured Data. In Calzolari, Nicoletta; Choukri, Khalid; Declerck, Thierry; Loftsson, Hrafn; Maegaard, Bente; Mariani, Joseph; Moreno, Asuncion; Odijk, Jan & Piperidis, Stelios (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14). European Language Resources Association. ISSN 978-2-9517408-8-4. Full text in Research Archive
Kouylekov, Milen & Oepen, Stephan (2014). RDF Triple Stores and a Custom SPARQL Front-End for Indexing and Searching (Very) Large Semantic Networks. In Tounsi, Lamia & Rafal, Rak (Ed.), Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-941643-27-3. p. 90–94.
Packard, Woodley; Bender, Emily; Read, Jonathon; Oepen, Stephan & Dridan, Rebecca (2014). Simple Negation Scope Resolution through Deep Parsing: A Semantic Solution to a Semantic Problem. In Toutanova, Kristina & Wu, Hua (Ed.), Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-72-5. p. 69–78. doi: 10.3115/v1/p14-1007.
Dridan, Rebecca & Oepen, Stephan (2013). Document Parsing: Towards Realistic Syntactic Analysis. In Bunt, Harry; Sima’an, Khalil & Huang, Liang (Ed.), Proceedings of The 13th International Conference on Parsing Technologies IWPT-2013. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-76-3. p. 127–133.
Ivanova, Angelina; Oepen, Stephan; Dridan, Rebecca; Flickinger, Dan & Øvrelid, Lilja (2013). On Different Approaches to Syntactic Analysis Into Bi-Lexical Dependencies. An Empirical Comparison of Direct, PCFG-Based, and HPSG-Based Parsers. In Bunt, Harry; Sima’an, Khalil & Huang, Liang (Ed.), Proceedings of The 13th International Conference on Parsing Technologies IWPT-2013. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-76-3. Full text in Research Archive
Lapponi, Emanuele; Velldal, Erik; Vazov, Nikolay Aleksandrov & Oepen, Stephan (2013). Towards large-scale language analysis in the cloud. In De Smedt, Koenraad; Borin, Lars; Lindén, Krister; Maegaard, Bente; Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur & Vider, Kadri (Ed.), Proceedings of the workshop on Nordic language research infrastructure at NODALIDA 2013. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISSN 978-91-7519-585-8. p. 1–10. Full text in Research Archive
Lapponi, Emanuele; Velldal, Erik; Vazov, Nikolay Aleksandrov & Oepen, Stephan (2013). HPC-ready Language Analysis for Human Beings. In Oepen, Stephan; Hagen, Kristin & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (Ed.), Proceedings of the 19th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics (NODALIDA 2013). Linköping University Electronic Press. ISSN 978-91-7519-589-6. p. 447–452. Full text in Research Archive
Read, Jonathon; Dridan, Rebecca & Oepen, Stephan (2013). Simple and Accountable Segmentation of Marked-up Text. In Oepen, Stephan; Hagen, Kristin & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (Ed.), Proceedings of the 19th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics (NODALIDA 2013). Linköping University Electronic Press. ISSN 978-91-7519-589-6. p. 365–373.
Fares, Murhaf; Oepen, Stephan & Zhang, Yi (2013). Machine Learning for High-Quality Tokenization. Replicating Variable Tokenization Schemes. In Gelbukh, Alexander (Eds.), Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. 14th International Conference, CICLing 2013, Samos, Greece, March 24-30, 2013, Proceedings, Part I. Springer. ISSN 978-3-642-37247-6. p. 231–244. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-37247-6_19.
Ivanova, Angelina; Oepen, Stephan & Øvrelid, Lilja (2013). Survey on parsing three dependency representations for English. In Dey, Anik; Krause, Sebastian; Nikolova, Ivelina; Vecchi, Eva; Bethard, Steven; Nakov, Preslav I. & Xu, Feiyu (Ed.), 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-53-4. p. 31–37.
Read, Jonathon; Dridan, Rebecca; Oepen, Stephan & Solberg, Lars Jørgen (2012). Sentence Boundary Detection: A Long Solved Problem? International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ICCL) (COLING). ISSN 1525-2477. p. 985–994.
Dridan, Rebecca & Oepen, Stephan (2012). Tokenization: Returning to a Long Solved Problem. A Survey, Contrastive Experiment, Recommendations, and Toolkit. In Lin, Chin-Yew & Osborne, Miles (Ed.), Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-25-1. p. 378–382.
Ivanova, Angelina; Oepen, Stephan; Øvrelid, Lilja & Flickinger, Dan (2012). Who Did What to Whom? A Contrastive Study of Syntacto-Semantic Dependencies. In Ide, Nancy & Xia, Fei (Ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth Linguistic Annotation Workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-32-9. p. 2–11.
Berg, Øyvind Raddum; Oepen, Stephan & Read, Jonathon (2012). Towards High-Quality Text Stream Extraction from PDF. Technical Background to the ACL 2012 Contributed Task. In Banchs, Rafael (Eds.), Proceedings of the ACL-2012 Special Workshop on Rediscovering 50 Years of Discoveries. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-29-9. p. 98–103.
Schafer, Ulrich; Read, Jonathon & Oepen, Stephan (2012). Towards an ACL Anthology Corpus with Logical Document Structure. An Overview of the ACL 2012 Contributed Task. In Banchs, Rafael (Eds.), Proceedings of the ACL-2012 Special Workshop on Rediscovering 50 Years of Discoveries. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-29-9. p. 88–97.
Velldal, Erik; Øvrelid, Lilja; Read, Jonathon & Oepen, Stephan (2012). Speculation and Negation: Rules, Rankers, and the Role of Syntax. Computational Linguistics. ISSN 0891-2017. 38(2), p. 369–410. doi: 10.1162/COLI_a_00126. Show summary
This article explores a combination of deep and shallow approaches to the problem of resolving the scope of speculation and negation within a sentence, specifically in the domain of biomedical research literature. The first part of the article focuses on speculation. After first showing how speculation cues can be accurately identified using a very simple classifier informed only by local lexical context, we go on to explore two different syntactic approaches to resolving the in-sentence scopes of these cues. Whereas one uses manually crafted rules operating over dependency structures, the other automatically learns a discriminative ranking function over nodes in constituent trees. We provide an in-depth error analysis and discussion of various linguistic properties characterizing the problem, and show that although both approaches perform well in isolation, even better results can be obtained by combining them, yielding the best published results to date on the CoNLL-2010 Shared Task data. The last part of the article describes how our speculation system is ported to also resolve the scope of negation.With only modest modifications to the initial design, the system obtains state-of-the-art results on this task also.
Read, Jonathon; Velldal, Erik; Øvrelid, Lilja & Oepen, Stephan (2012). UiO1: Constituent-Based Discriminative Ranking for Negation Resolution. In Agirre, Eneko; Bos, Johan & Diab, Mona (Ed.), *SEM 2012: The First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics --- Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-21-3. p. 310–318.
Read, Jonathon; Flickinger, Dan; Dridan, Rebecca; Oepen, Stephan & Øvrelid, Lilja (2012). The WeSearch Corpus, Treebank and Treecache: A Comprehensive Sample of User-Generated Content. In Calzolari, Nicoletta; Choukri, Khalid; Declerck, Thierry; Ugur Dogan, Mehmet; Maegaard, Bente; Mariani, Joseph & Odijk, Jan (Ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. European Language Resources Association. ISSN 978-2-9517408-7-7.
MacKinlay, Andrew; Dridan, Rebecca; Flickinger, Dan; Oepen, Stephan & Baldwin, Timothy (2011). Treeblazing: Using External Treebanks to Filter Parse Forests for Parse Selection and Treebanking. In Wang, Haifeng & Yarowsky, David (Ed.), Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing. Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing. ISSN 978-974-466-564-5. p. 246–254.
Bender, Emily; Flickinger, Dan; Oepen, Stephan & Zhang, Yi (2011). Parser Evaluation over Local and Non-Local Deep Dependencies in a Large Corpus. In Barzilay, Regina & Johnson, Mark (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-937284-11-4. p. 397–408.
Dridan, Rebecca & Oepen, Stephan (2011). Parser Evaluation Using Elementary Dependency Matching. In Bunt, Harry & Nivre, Joakim (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parsing Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-932432-04-6. p. 225–230.
Read, Jonathon; Velldal, Erik; Oepen, Stephan & Øvrelid, Lilja (2011). Resolving speculation and negation scope in biomedical articles with a syntactic constituent ranker. In Gao, Helena Hong & Dong, Minghui (Ed.), Proceedings of the 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, and the Fourth International Symposium on Languages in Biology and Medicine. Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation. ISSN 978-4-905166-02-3.
Bond, Francis; Oepen, Stephan; Nichols, Eric; Flickinger, Dan; Velldal, Erik & Haugereid, Petter (2011). Deep open-source machine translation. Machine Translation. ISSN 0922-6567. 25(2), p. 87–105. doi: 10.1007/s10590-011-9099-4.
Emily M., Bender; Flickinger, Dan & Oepen, Stephan (2011). Grammar Engineering and Linguistic Hypothesis Testing: Computational Support for Complexity in Syntactic Analysis. In Emily M., Bender & Jennifer E., Arnold (Ed.), Language from a Cognitive Perspective: Grammar, Usage, and Processing. Studies in Honor of Tom Wasow. CSLI Publications. ISSN 9781575866109. p. 5–29.
Flickinger, Dan; Oepen, Stephan & Ytrestøl, Gisle (2010). WikiWoods: Syntacto-Semantic Annotation for English Wikipedia. In Calzolari, Nicoletta; Choukri, Khalid; Maegaard, Bente; Mariani, Joseph; Odijk, Jan; Piperidis, Stelios; Rosner, Mike & Tapias, Daniel (Ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10). European Language Resources Association. ISSN 2-9517408-6-7. p. 1665–1671. Full text in Research Archive
Fujita, Sanae; Bond, Francis; Oepen, Stephan & Tanaka, Takaaki (2010). Exploiting Semantic Information for HPSG Parse Selection. Research on Language & Computation. ISSN 1570-7075. 7. doi: 10.1007/s11168-010-9069-7.
Zhang, Yi; Oepen, Stephan & Carroll, John (2010). Efficiency in Unification-Based N-Best Parsing. In Bunt, Harry; Merlo, Paola & Nivre, Joakim (Ed.), Trends in Parsing Technology. Dependency Parsing, Domain Adaptation, and Deep Parsing. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 978-90-481-9351-6. p. 223–241.
Øvrelid, Lilja; Velldal, Erik & Oepen, Stephan (2010). Syntactic Scope Resolution in Uncertainty Analysis. In Jurafsky, Dan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2010). Daheng Electronic Press. ISSN 978-7-900268-00-6. p. 1379–1387.
Velldal, Erik; Øvrelid, Lilja & Oepen, Stephan (2010). Resolving Speculation: MaxEnt Cue Classification and Dependency-Based Scope Rules. In Farkas, Richárd (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning -- Shared Task. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-932432-84-8. p. 48–55.
Bungum, Lars & Oepen, Stephan (2009). Automatic Translation of Norwegian Noun Compounds. In Màrquez, Lluís & Somers, Harald (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT). ISSN 978-84-692-3943-8. p. 136–143.
Zhang, Yi; Wang, Rui & Oepen, Stephan (2009). Hybrid Multilingual Parsing with HPSG for SRL. In Hajič, Jan (Eds.), Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL): Shared Task. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 9781932432299. p. 31–36.
Ytrestøl, Gisle; Flickinger, Dan & Oepen, Stephan (2009). Extracting and Annotating Wikipedia Sub-Domains. In van Eynde, Frank; Frank, Anette; De Smedt, Koenraad & van Noord, Gertjan (Ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theory (TLT7). Landelijke Onderzoekschool Taalwetenschap. ISSN 9789078328773. p. 185–197.
Adolphs, Peter; Oepen, Stephan; Callmeier, Ulrich; Cryssmann, Berthold; Flickinger, Dan & Kiefer, Bernd (2008). Some Fine Points of Hybrid Natural Language Processing. In Calzolari, Nicoletta (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. European Language Resources Association. ISSN 2-9517408-4-0.
Zhang, Yi; Oepen, Stephan & Carroll, John (2007). Efficiency in Unification-Based N-Best Parsing. In Bunt, Harry (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Parsing Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-932432-90-9. p. 48–59.
Fujita, Sanae; Bond, Francis; Oepen, Stephan & Tanaka, Takaaki (2007). Exploiting Semantic Information for HPSG Parse Selection. In Baldwin, Timothy; Dras, Mark; Hockenmaier, Julia; Holloway King, Tracy & van Noord, Gertjan (Ed.), Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Deep Linguistic Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-932432-88-6. p. 25–32.
Oepen, Stephan; Velldal, Erik; Lønning, Jan Tore; Meurer, Paul; Rosén, Victoria & Flickinger, Dan (2007). Towards Hybrid Quality-Oriented Machine Translation. On Linguistics and Probabilities in MT. In Way, Andy & Gawronska, Barbara (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Machine Translation. Skövde University Studies in Informatics. ISSN 978-91-977095-0-7. p. 144–153.
Oepen, Stephan & Lønning, Jan Tore (2006). Discriminant-Based MRS Banking. In Calzolari, Nicoletta (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th international conference on language resources and evaluation. European Language Resources Association. ISSN 2-9517408-2-4. p. 1250–1255.
Nygaard, Lars; Lønning, Jan Tore; Nordgård, Torbjørn & Oepen, Stephan (2006). Using a bi-lingual dictionary in lexical transfer. In Lønning, Jan Tore & Oepen, Stephan (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT). ISSN 82-7368-294-3. p. 233–238.
Velldal, Erik & Oepen, Stephan (2006). Statistical Ranking in Tactical Generation. In Jurafsky, Dan & Gaussier, Eric (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 1-932432-73-6. p. 517–525.
Flickinger, Dan; Lønning, Jan Tore; Dyvik, Helge J. Jakhelln; Oepen, Stephan & Bond, Francis (2005). SEM-I rational MT. Enriching deep grammars with a semantic interface for scalable machine translation. In Isahara, Hitoshi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Machine Translation Summit. Asia-Pacific Association for Machine Translation (AAMT). ISSN 974-7431-26-2. p. 165–172.
Oepen, Stephan; Dyvik, Helge J. Jakhelln; Flickinger, Dan; Lønning, Jan Tore; Meurer, Paul & Rosén, Victoria (2005). Holistic regression testing for high-quality MT. Some methodological and technological reflections. In Maegaard, Bente (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University. ISSN 963-9206-04-0.
Baldwin, Timothy; Beavers, John; Bender, Emily; Flickinger, Daniel Paul; Kim, Ara & Oepen, Stephan (2005). Beauty and the Beast: What Running a Broad-Coverage Precision Grammar over the BNC Taught us about the Grammar -- and the Corpus. In Kepser, Stephan & Reis, Marga (Ed.), Linguistic Evidence: Empirical, Theoretical and Computational Perspectives. De Gruyter Mouton. ISSN 3-11-018312-9. p. 49–70.
Velldal, Erik & Oepen, Stephan (2005). Maximum Entropy Models for Realization Ranking. In Tsujii, Jun-ichi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Machine Translation Summit. Asia-Pacific Association for Machine Translation. ISSN 974-7431-26-2.
Oepen, Stephan; Flickinger, Dan; Toutanova, Kristina & Manning, Christopher (2005). LinGO Redwoods. A Rich and Dynamic Treebank for HPSG. Research on Language & Computation. ISSN 1570-7075. 3(1), p. 83–105.
Oepen, Stephan & Callmeier, Ulrich (2004). Measure for measure. Towards increased component comparability and exchange. In Bunt, Harry; Carroll, John & Satta, Giorgio (Ed.), New Developments in Parsing Technology. Springer.

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Oepen, Stephan; Sagae, Kenji; Tsarfaty, Reut; Bouma, Gosse; Seddah, Djame & Zeman, Daniel (2021). Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2021 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies (IWPT 2021). Association for Computational Linguistics. ISBN 978-1-954085-80-0. 245 p.
Bouma, Gosse; Matsumoto, Yuji; Oepen, Stephan; Sagae, Kenji; Seddah, Djame & Sun, Weiwei [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2020 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISBN 978-1-952148-11-8. 265 p.
Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Abzianidze, Lasha; Bos, Johan; Hajic, Jan & Hershcovich, Daniel [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task:Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISBN 9781952148644. 99 p.
Oepen, Stephan; Abend, Omri; Hajic, Jan; Hershcovich, Daniel; Kuhlmann, Marco & O’Gorman, Tim [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Proceedings of the Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing at the 2019 Conference on Natural Language Learning. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISBN 978-1-950737-60-4. 187 p.
Nivre, Joakim; Derczynski, Leon; Ginter, Filip; Lindi, Bjørn; Oepen, Stephan & Søgaard, Anders [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Proceedings of the First NLPL Workshop on Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7929-999-6. 66 p.
Oepen, Stephan (2017). Proceedings of the 2017 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation at the Fourth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics and the 15th International Conference on Parsing Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISBN 978-1-945626-74-6. 99 p.
Carroll, John; Gojenola, Koldo & Oepen, Stephan (2015). Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Parsing Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISBN 978-1-941643-98-3. 129 p.
Oepen, Stephan; Hagen, Kristin & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (2013). Proceedings of the 19th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics (NODALIDA 2013). Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7519-589-6. 085(1). 474 p.
Flickinger, Dan & Oepen, Stephan (2010). Collected Papers of Martin Kay. A Half Century of Computational Linguistics. CSLI Publications. ISBN 978-1-57586-571-3. 639 p.
Lønning, Jan Tore & Oepen, Stephan (2006). Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT). ISBN 82-7368-294-3. 252 p.

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Welzl, Michael; Oepen, Stephan; Cezary Jaskula, Cezary; Griwodz, Carsten & Islam, Safiqul (2021). Collaboration in the IETF: an initial analysis of two decades in email discussions. Computer communication review. ISSN 0146-4833. 51(3), p. 29–32. doi: 10.1145/3477482.3477488.
Lapponi, Emanuele; Oepen, Stephan; Skjærholt, Arne & Velldal, Erik (2015). LAP: The CLARINO Language Analysis Portal.
Fares, Murhaf; Oepen, Stephan & Velldal, Erik (2015). Identifying Compounds: On The Role of Syntax.
Oepen, Stephan (2011). Parser Evaluation over Local and Non-Local Deep Dependencies in a Large Corpus.
Flickinger, Dan; Oepen, Stephan & Ytrestøl, Gisle (2010). WikiWoods: Syntacto-Semantic Annotation for English Wikipedia.
Flickinger, Dan & Oepen, Stephan (2010). Foreword. In Flickinger, Dan & Oepen, Stephan (Ed.), Collected Papers of Martin Kay. A Half Century of Computational Linguistics. CSLI Publications. ISSN 978-1-57586-571-3.
Oepen, Stephan (2010). Language Technology for the Web. META. ISSN 1890-1956. p. 16–19.
Nygaard, Lars; Lønning, Jan Tore; Nordgård, Torbjørn & Oepen, Stephan (2006). Using a bi-lingual dictionary in lexical transfer.
Flickinger, Dan; Lønning, Jan Tore; Dyvik, Helge J. Jakhelln; Oepen, Stephan & Bond, Francis (2005). SEM-I rational MT. Enriching deep grammars with a semantic interface for scalable machine translation.
Oepen, Stephan; Dyvik, Helge J. Jakhelln; Flickinger, Dan; Lønning, Jan Tore; Meurer, Paul & Rosén, Victoria (2005). Holistic regression-testing for high-quality MT. Some methodological and technological reflections.
Oepen, Stephan; Dyvik, Helge; Flickinger, Daniel Paul; Lønning, Jan Tore; Meurer, Paul & Rosén, Victoria (2005). Holistic regression testing for high-quality MT. Some methodological and technological reflections.
Rosén, Victoria; Dyvik, Helge J. Jakhelln; Flickinger, Dan; Beermann, Dorothee; Carroll, John & Hellan, Lars [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2005). LOGON:Towards a Machine Translation System Integrating LFG and HPSG.
Oepen, Stephan; Flickinger, Dan & Bond, Francis (2004). Towards Holistic Grammar Engineering and Testing. Grafting Treebank Maintenance into the Grammar Revision Cycle.

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Published Nov. 4, 2010 2:12 PM - Last modified Feb. 25, 2022 5:16 PM

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