Tags:
Energy systems,
Electric vehicles
Publications
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Hvidsten, Tobias Verheugen; Roithner, Maximilian; Benth, Fred Espen & Zeyringer, Marianne
(2025).
Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system.
Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability.
5(2).
doi:
10.1088/2634-4505/ade0e6.
Full text in Research Archive
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Electric vehicle (EV) batteries have a proven flexibility potential which could serve as an alternative to conventional electricity storage solutions. EV batteries could support the balancing of supply and demand, and the integration of variable renewable energy into the electricity system. The flexibility potential from EVs, in distinction to conventional battery storage, depends on the vehicle user’s willingness and opportunity to make their vehicle available for flexibility. This rate of participation is often not considered in modelling studies, despite the impact EV flexibility could have on the electricity system. This work presents a modelling study of the Norwegian electricity system using the high spatial and temporal resolution electricity system model (highRES). Two different charging strategies for EVs, flexible charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G), are optimised in conjunction with the design and dispatch of the electricity system. By varying the rate of participation in the charging strategies we demonstrate their benefits for a future net-zero electricity system. Our findings show EVs’ potential to eliminate the need for stationary battery storage with just 50% participation in V2G. In addition, we find that the EV flexibility contributes to reductions in the total system cost by almost 4% and 15% assuming 100% participation in flexible charging and V2G, respectively.
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Roithner, Maximilian; Velasco-Herrejón, Paola; Greevenbroek, Koen van; Grochowicz, Aleksander; Vågerö, Oskar & Hvidsten, Tobias Verheugen
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Balancing act: the cost of wind restrictions in Norway’s electricity transition.
Environmental Research: Energy.
2(3).
doi:
10.1088/2753-3751/adde62.
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To meet its commitments under the Paris Agreement and reduce its dependency on energy imports, the pace, and scale of renewable energy deployment across Europe must increase dramatically over the next decade. Such a steep change in the net-zero transition will inevitably necessitate trade-offs with other societal priorities. Here we investigate a case study focused on the opposition towards onshore wind and the compromises that may need to be made to deliver its plans for deep electrification. Using an electricity system model, we explore the implications of key social and environmental dimensions shaping the future deployment of onshore wind on the costs and design of electricity systems for Norway in 2030. We find that under restrictions that allow for almost no additional onshore wind, demand cannot be met and load has to be shed. Yet, when reducing the restrictions on onshore wind or allowing for in-country transmission expansion, feasible system designs at a small fraction of that cost can be found. To meet the net-zero targets, compromises will need to be made on either wind power deployment, transmission expansion, non-electrification of industry or demand reduction.
View all works in NVA
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Fordham, David; Hvidsten, Tobias Verheugen; Venegas, Guillermo Andrés Valenzuela & Zeyringer, Marianne
(2026).
The Impact of Shortage Risk Tolerance on a Future European Net-Zero Electricity System – A Multi-Objective Optimisation Approach.
doi:
10.5194/egusphere-egu26-20904.
Full text in Research Archive
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Energy system models are crucial tools for planning the transition to low-carbon power systems, particularly in the context of increasing renewable energy sources (RES) integration. However, the inherent variability and uncertainty of RES generation pose challenges for ensuring system reliability. As of today, capacity expansion models often enforce strict reliability constraints, leading to conservative investment decisions that may not reflect real-world risk tolerances, ultimately leading to overdimensioned systems. Reframing planning around acceptable risk can therefore have the potential to shift investment decisions from expensive and rarely used capacity to more valuable assets, such as targeted storage or transmission. Here, we implement an allowance for shortage tolerance in an electricity system model at NUTS2 resolution, using a multi-objective optimisation approach that minimises both total system cost and energy shortage risk. We explore the trade-offs between cost and reliability by analysing solutions on the Pareto front, and how they could influence the design of a future European power system with high RES penetration. Our findings expose which regions are most vulnerable to shortages, and allow for policy makers to make informed decisions on how to balance decarbonization, affordability, and local robustness.
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View all works in NVA
Published
Jan. 6, 2023 2:21 PM
- Last modified
Nov. 5, 2025 8:59 PM
