Mars after InSight - what can a single seismometer tell us about planetary habitability?

by Dr. Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, Microgravity User Support Center, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center)

Illustration of a Mars-looking surface, terracotta colored rocks and sky

Illustrasjonsfoto: Colourbox.com

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Abstract:

NASA’s InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission with its SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) instrument provided the first opportunity since Viking, more than 40 years earlier, to study the interior of Mars with seismology. During 4 terrestrial years of operations, twice the design lifetime of the mission, SEIS recorded ambient vibrations as well as more than 1300 seismic events, including both marsquakes and meteoroid impacts. Analysis of these data provides important new information on Martian seismotectonics, but also on the interior structure of the planet from the core to the shallow subsurface. Specifically, this includes near-surface to crustal scales, both very locally at the landing site and globally, that are relevant for the search for signs of past and present habitable conditions underground. The most detailed information is available for the InSight landing site, based on a variety of data and methods, with constraints on P- and S-wave velocities and vP/vS ratios, which are especially useful to detect volatiles, at scales of meters to tens of kilometers. However, it turned out that these models cannot be extrapolated globally as crustal S-wave velocities are generally higher than at the landing site. I will summarize the key findings from the NASA InSight mission in terms of crustal structure and use rock physics modelling to translate the derived seismic velocity models into constraints on crustal composition, porosity, and pore-filling medium. Combined with complimentary information from 3D thermal evolution models and seismic attenuation studies, this analysis yields new constraints on the existence of past or present sub-surface aquifers and cryosphere.

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Published Jan. 22, 2024 3:01 PM - Last modified Apr. 23, 2024 12:07 PM