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Takahashi, T.; Spicher, A.; Di Mare, F .; Rowland, DE; Pfaff, RF; Collier, signore; Clausen, LBN; Moen, JI; La soppressione dell'irregolarità ionosferica dovrebbe comportare l'impulso di particelle aurorali , JGR: Space Physics 2022, 127, e2020JA028725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028725

Di Mare, F .; Spicher, A.; Clausen, LBN; Miloch, WJ; Moen, JI; Turbolenza e intermittenza nella ionosfera della cuspide universale studiata con ICI sounding raid , JGR: Space Physics 2021, 126, e2021JA029150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029150

Di Mare, F .; Sorriso-Valvo, L.; Retino, A.; Malara, F.; Hasegawa, H.; Evoluzione della turbolenza nell'instabilità di Kelvin - Helmholtz nella magnetopausa terrestre , Atmosphere 2019, 10, 561. DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3390 / atmos10090561

Nigro, G.; Malara, F.; Vecchio, A.; Primavera, L.; Di Mare, F .; Carbone, V.; Veltri, P.; Turbolenza in un ciclo coronale eccitato dai movimenti della fotosfera, Atmosphere 2020, 11 (4), 409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040409

Sorriso-Valvo, L.; Catapano, F.; Retinò, A.; Le Contel, O.; Perrone, D.; Roberts, O. W.; Coburn, J. T.; Panebianco, V.; Valentini, F.; Perri, S.; Greco, A.; Malara F.; Carbone V.; Veltri, P.; Pezzi, O.; Fraternale, F.; Di Mare, F.; Marino, R.; Giles, B.; Moore, T. E.; Russel, C. T.; Torbert, R. B.; Burch, J. L.; Khotyaintsev, Y. V.; Turbulence-Driven Ion Beams in the Magnetospheric Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2019, 122, 035102. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.035102

Malara, F.; Di Mare, F .; Nigro, G.; Sorriso-Valvo, L.; Un algoritmo di velocità per un modello sintetico tridimensionale di turbolenza intermittente , Phys. Volpe. E. 2016, 94, 053109. DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1103 / PhysRevE.94.053109

• Frissell, Nathaniel A.; Ackerman, John R.; Alexander, Jesse N.; Benedict, Robert L.; Blackwell Jr., William C. & Boedicker, Rachel K. [Show all 64 contributors for this article] (2023). Heliophysics and amateur radio: citizen science collaborations for atmospheric, ionospheric, and space physics research and operations. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. 10. doi: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1184171. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The amateur radio community is a global, highly engaged, and technical community with an intense interest in space weather, its underlying physics, and how it impacts radio communications. The large-scale observational capabilities of distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and radio science enthusiasts offers a tremendous opportunity to advance the fields of heliophysics, radio science, and space weather. Well-established amateur radio networks like the RBN, WSPRNet, and PSKReporter already provide rich, ever-growing, long-term data of bottomside ionospheric observations. Up-and-coming purpose-built citizen science networks, and their associated novel instruments, offer opportunities for citizen scientists, professional researchers, and industry to field networks for specific science questions and operational needs. Here, we discuss the scientific and technical capabilities of the global amateur radio community, review methods of collaboration between the amateur radio and professional scientific community, and review recent peerreviewed studies that have made use of amateur radio data and methds. Finally, we present recommendations submitted to the U.S. National Academy of Science Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024–2033 for using amateur radio to further advance heliophysics and for fostering deeper collaborations between the professional science and amateur radio communities. Technical recommendations include increasing support for distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and citizen scientists, developing novel transmissions of RF signals that can be used in citizen science experiments, developing new amateur radio modes that simultaneously allow for communications and ionospheric sounding, and formally incorporating the amateur radio community and its observational assets into the Space Weather R2O2R framework. Collaborative recommendations include allocating resources for amateur radio citizen science research projects and activities, developing amateur radio research and educational activities in collaboration with leading organizations within the amateur radio community, facilitating communication and collegiality between professional researchers and amateurs, ensuring that proposed projects are of a mutual benefit to both the professional research and amateur radio communities, and working towards diverse, equitable, and inclusive communities.

• Spicher, Andres; LaBelle, James; Bonnell, John W.; Roglans, Roger; Moser, Chrystal & Fuselier, Stephen A. [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2022). Interferometric Study of Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities in Regions of Phase Scintillations and HF Backscatter. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 49(12). doi: 10.1029/2021GL097013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We investigate the nature of small-scale irregularities observed in the cusp by the Twin Rockets to Investigate Cusp Electrodynamics-2 (TRICE-2) in regions of enhanced phase scintillations and high-frequency coherent radar backscatter. We take advantage of the fact that the irregularities were detected by spatially separated probes, and present an interferometric analysis of both the observed electron density and electric field fluctuations. We provide evidence that fluctuations spanning a few decameters to about a meter have low phase velocity in the plasma reference frame and are nondispersive, confirming that decameter-scale irregularities follow the E × B velocity. Furthermore, we show that these “spatial” structures are intermittent and prominent outside of regions with strongest precipitation. The observations are then discussed in the context of possible mechanisms for irregularity creation.

• Takahashi, Toru; Spicher, Andres; Di Mare, Francesca; Rowland, Douglas E.; Pfaff, Robert F. & Collier, Michael R. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Suppression of ionospheric irregularity due to auroral particle impact. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 127(1). doi: 10.1029/2020JA028725. Full text in Research Archive
• Brask, Steffen Mattias; Marholm, Sigvald; Di Mare, Francesca; Adhikari, Sayan; Spicher, Andres & Takahashi, T. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Electron-neutral collisions effects on Langmuir probe in the lower E-region ionosphere. Physics of Plasmas. ISSN 1070-664X. 29(3). doi: 10.1063/5.0079761. Full text in Research Archive
• Di Mare, Francesca; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Moen, Jøran Idar (2021). Turbulence and Intermittency in the Winter Cusp Ionosphere Studied With the ICI Sounding Rockets. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 126(8). doi: 10.1029/2021JA029150. Full text in Research Archive
• Nigro, Giuseppina; Malara, Francesco; Vecchio, Antonio; Primavera, Leonardo; Di Mare, Francesca & Carbone, Vincenzo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Turbulence in a Coronal Loop Excited by Photospheric Motions. Atmosphere. ISSN 2073-4433. 11(4). doi: 10.3390/atmos11040409. Full text in Research Archive
• Di Mare, Francesca; Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Retinò, Alessandro; Malara, Francesco & Hasegawa, Hiroshi (2019). Evolution of Turbulence in the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in the Terrestrial Magnetopause. Atmosphere. ISSN 2073-4433. 10(9). doi: 10.3390/atmos10090561. Full text in Research Archive
• Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Catapano, Filomena; Retinò, Alessandro; Le Contel, Olivier; Perrone, Denise & Roberts, Owen W. [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2019). Turbulence-Driven Ion Beams in the Magnetospheric Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability. Physical Review Letters. ISSN 0031-9007. 122(3). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.035102. Full text in Research Archive
• Malara, Francesco; Di Mare, Francesca; Nigro, Giuseppina & Sorriso-Valvo, Luca (2016). A fast algorithm for a three-dimensional synthetic model of intermittent turbulence. Physical Review E (PRE). ISSN 2470-0045. 94(5). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.053109.

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• Spicher, Andres; Kvammen, Andreas; LaBelle, James; Zettergren, Matthew D.; Bonnell, John W. & Roglans, Roger [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2023). Examining the relevance of different instability mechanisms in causing ionospheric cusp irregularities based on sounding rocket data and numerical simulations.
• Spicher, Andres; LaBelle, James William; Bonnell, John W.; Roglans, Roger; Moser, Chrystal & Fuselier, Stephen A. [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2022). Sounding rocket investigation of multi-scale (density) irregularities in the cusp region.
• Di Mare, Francesca; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek; Takahashi, Toru & Moen, Jøran Idar (2021). Turbulence and Intermittency in the Winter Cusp Ionosphere studied with the ICI Sounding Rockets .
• Spicher, Andres; Moen, Jøran Idar; LaBelle, James William; Bonnell, John W; Roglans, Roger & Moser, Chrystal [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Sounding rocket studies of ionospheric turbulence above Svalbard. Show summary

  Every morning between about 06 UT and 11 UT, Svalbard rotates just below the cusps (dayside aurora), where direct coupling between the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere occurs. This provides a unique window to study the dayside aurora and the highly dynamic processes associated with it, examples of which include electron and ion precipitation and heating, electrostatic and electromagnetic waves, as well as turbulence. In this work, we focus on the turbulence which, alongside with being of pure scientific interest, can also have societal impacts. Indeed, the “irregular” electron density structures associated with it can affect our technology infrastructures by for instance degrading High Frequency (HF) communication and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals. After briefly reviewing some of the mechanisms believed to be important in the development of turbulence in the high-latitude ionosphere, we present recent observations of density irregularities obtained by sounding rockets above Svalbard. We focus on measurements made as a part of the Grand Challenge Initiative (GCI) Cusp, an international project combining sounding rockets missions and ground-based instruments to study the cusps. We show detailed characterization of the nature of the irregularities including their phase velocity and wavelengths, helping shedding light onto the process(es) involved in their formation, especially at the scales important for Space weather applications.

• Di Mare, Francesca (2021). Turbulent Signature in the Auroral-Cusp Ionosphere based on ICI sounding rocket missions.
• Di Mare, Francesca (2021). Turbulent Signature in the Polar-Cusp Ionosphere based on ICI sounding rocket missions.
• Di Mare, Francesca (2021). Turbulent Signature in the Auroral-Cusp Ionosphere based on sounding rocket observations.
• Spicher, Andres; LaBelle, James William; Bonnell, John W; Bounds, Scott; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Di Mare, Francesca [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2020). On multi-scale density irregularities observed by sounding rockets within regions of enhanced scintillations in the cusp ionosphere.
• Di Mare, Francesca; Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Retinò, Alessandro; Malara, Francesco & Hasegawa, Hiroshi (2020). Evolution of Turbulence in the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability along the Terrestrial Magnetopause .
• Di Mare, Francesca; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Moen, Jøran Idar (2020). Turbulent Signatures in the Polar Cusp Ionosphere using sounding rocket mission observations .
• Di Mare, Francesca; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Moen, Jøran Idar (2020). Turbulence Signatures in the Polar/Cusp Ionosphere based on ICI sounding rocket missions .
• Di Mare, Francesca (2020). Course: An Introduction to Plasma Physics-FYS4620 5 weeks (about 20 hours) of regular teaching in which professor Wojciech J. Miloch is the mentor. .
• Di Mare, Francesca; Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Retinò, Alessandro; Malara, Francesco & Hasegawa, Hiroshi (2020). Evolution of Turbulence in the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability mediated by the Magnetopause and its Boundary Layer.
• Di Mare, Francesca (2020). Turbulence and analysis tools of TRICE-2 data missions.
• Di Mare, Francesca (2019). Course: An Introduction to Plasma Physics-FYS4620 5 weeks (about 20 hours) of regular teaching in which professor Wojciech J. Miloch is the mentor.
• Di Mare, Francesca (2019). Follow-up of VISIONS-2 mission and Power Spectra Analysis- First Results.
• Di Mare, Francesca; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Moen, Jøran Idar (2019). Turbulence observations in the Polar/Cusp Ionosphere using ICI sounding rocket data.
• Di Mare, Francesca; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Moen, Jøran Idar (2019). Mapping of turbulence at the high-latitude Ionosphere using ICI-2 and ICI-3 sounding rocket data.
• Di Mare, Francesca; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Moen, Jøran Idar (2019). Turbulence observations in the Polar/Cusp Ionosphere using ICI data missions.
• Di Mare, Francesca (2019). Turbulence in Space Plasmas: Analysis of Observations and Theoretical Model.
• Clemmons, J.; Rowland, Douglas E.; Pfaff, Robert F.; Hecht, J; Collier, M & Moen, Jøran Idar [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2019). Results from a Grand Challenge Initiative-Cusp Mission: VISIONS-2.
• Rowland, Douglas E.; Burchill, Jonathan; Clemmons, J.; Collier, M; Di Mare, Francesca & Hecht, J [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2019). VISIONS-2: Imaging ion energization in the cusp.

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