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1. Y.J. Phua, Z.A. Mohd Ishak, R. Senawi (2010). Injection molded short glass and carbon fibers reinforced polycarbonate hybrid composites: effects of fiber loading. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 49: 2592-2603.
2. Y.J. Phua, W.S. Chow, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2011). Poly(butylene succinate)/ organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites: effects of the organoclay content on mechanical, thermal and moisture absorption properties. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 24: 133-151.
3. Y.J. Phua, W.S. Chow, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2011). Mechanical properties and structure development in poly(butylene succinate)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites under uniaxial cold rolling. eXPRESS Polymer Letters 5: 93-103.
4. Y.J. Phua, W.S. Chow, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2011). The hydrolytic effect of moisture and hygrothermal aging on poly(butylene succinate)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polymer Degradation and Stability 96: 1194-1203.
5. Y.J. Phua, N.S. Lau, K. Sudesh, W.S. Chow, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2012). Biodegradability studies of poly(butylene succinate)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites under controlled compost soil conditions: effects of clay loading and compatibiliser. Polymer Degradation and Stability 97: 1345-1354.
6. Y.J. Phua, W.S. Chow, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2013). Reactive processing of maleic anhydride-grafted poly(butylene succinate) and the compatibilizing effect on poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites. eXPRESS Polymer Letters. 7: 340-354.
7. Y.J. Phua, W.S. Chow, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2013). Organomodification of montmorillonite and its effects on the properties of poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering & Science. 53: 1947-1957.
8. Y.J. Phua, N.-S. Lau, K. Sudesh, W.S. Chow, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2014). A study of the effects of organoclay content and compatibilizer addition on the properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites under natural weathering. Journal of Composite Materials. 49: 891-902
9. D. Ariawan, Z. A. M. Ishak, R. M. Taib, M.Z. A. Thirmizi, Y.J. Phua (2014). Effect of Needle Punching Direction on Nonwoven Fiber Mat to the Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Reinforced Epoxy Composites Produced by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding. Advanced Materials Research. 1024: 267-270.
10. D. Ariawan, Z.A. Mohd Ishak, R. Mat Taib, M.Z. Ahmad Thirmizir, Y.J. Phua (2015). Effect of Heat Treatment on Properties of Kenaf Fiber Mat/Unsaturated Polyester Composite Produced by Resin Transfer Molding. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 699: 118-123.
11. T.T. Law, Y.J. Phua, R. Senawi, A. Hassan, Z.A. Mohd Ishak (2015). Experimental analysis and theoretical modelling of the mechanical behavior of short glass fiber and short carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate hybrid composites. Polymer Composites. (In Press)

12. Y. J. Phua, A. Pegoretti, T. Medeiros Araujo, Z. A. Mohd Ishak (2015). Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biodegradable blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. (In Press)

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• Røyne, Anja; Phua, Yi Jing; Le, Simone Balzer; Eikjeland, Ina Grosås; Josefsen, Kjell Domaas & Markussen, Sidsel [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism (1/2): The bacterial system and prototype production. PLOS ONE. 14(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212990. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The production of concrete for construction purposes is a major source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. One promising avenue towards a more sustainable construction industry is to make use of naturally occurring mineral-microbe interactions, such as microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), to produce solid materials. In this paper, we present a new process where calcium carbonate in the form of powdered limestone is transformed to a binder material (termed BioZEment) through microbial dissolution and recrystallization. For the dissolution step, a suitable bacterial strain, closely related to Bacillus pumilus, was isolated from soil near a limestone quarry. We show that this strain produces organic acids from glucose, inducing the dissolution of calcium carbonate in an aqueous slurry of powdered limestone. In the second step, the dissolved limestone solution is used as the calcium source for MICP in sand packed syringe moulds. The amounts of acid produced and calcium carbonate dissolved are shown to depend on the amount of available oxygen as well as the degree of mixing. Precipitation is induced through the pH increase caused by the hydrolysis of urea, mediated by the enzyme urease, which is produced in situ by the bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM33. The degree of successful consolidation of sand by BioZEment was found to depend on both the amount of urea and the amount of glucose available in the dissolution reaction.

• Phua, Yi Jing; Pegoretti, A & Ishak, ZA Mohd (2018). Experimental analysis and theoretical modeling of the mechanical behavior of starch-grafted-polypropylene/kenaf fibers composites. Polymer Composites. ISSN 0272-8397. 39(9), p. 3289–3299. doi: 10.1002/pc.24344. Full text in Research Archive
• Phua, Yi Jing & Røyne, Anja (2018). Bio-cementation through controlled dissolution and recrystallization of calcium carbonate. Construction and Building Materials. ISSN 0950-0618. 167, p. 657–668. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.059. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present an approach to bio-cementation of sand where the calcium source is prepared by dissolving powdered limestone (chalk) in lactic acid. Cementation is achieved through enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) with Jack Bean urease. The real-time nucleation and growth of crystals, crystal morphology and mechanical strength of consolidated samples was studied for dissolved chalk solution as well as calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium lactate solutions. Solutions containing lactate were found to yield spherical calcite crystals. The compressive strengths of consolidated samples ranged from 0.06 to 2.8 MPa, increasing with the amount of precipitated CaCO3.

• Phua, Yi Jing; Pegoretti, Alessandro; Araujo, T. Medeiros & Ishak, Z. A. Mohd (2015). Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biodegradable blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. ISSN 0021-8995. 132(47). doi: 10.1002/app.42815. Full text in Research Archive

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• Røyne, Anja; Phua, Yi Jing; Eikjeland, Ina Grosås; Wentzel, Alexander; Le, Simone Balzer & Josefsen, Kjell Domaas [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2018). BioZEment 2.0: Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism. Full text in Research Archive
• Røyne, Anja; Phua, Yi Jing; Borch, Anita; Throne-Holst, Harald; Josefsen, Kjell Domaas & Le, Simone Balzer [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Kunsten å arbeide tverrfaglig. 4. Full text in Research Archive
• Røyne, Anja; Phua, Yi Jing; Eikjeland, Ina Grosås; Le, Simone Balzer; Markussen, Sidsel & Josefsen, Kjell Domaas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Concrete production through microbially induced dissolution and re-precipitation of limestone. Full text in Research Archive
• Phua, Yi Jing & Røyne, Anja (2016). Morphology and Polymorphism of Calcium Carbonate Precipitated from Different Calcium Sources via Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation. Full text in Research Archive

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