Emma Michie Haines

• Kaminskaite, I., Fisher, Q.J. and Michie, E.A.H., 2020. Faults in tight limestones and dolostones in San Vito lo Capo, Sicily, Italy: Internal architecture and petrophysical properties. Journal of Structural Geology, 132, p.103970.
• Cooke, A.P., Fisher, Q.J., Michie, E.A.H., & Yielding, G., 2019. Permeability of carbonate fault rocks: a case study from Malta.  Petroleum Geoscience, petgeo2019-055.
• Kaminskaite, I., Fisher, Q.J. and Michie, E.A.H., 2019. Microstructure and petrophysical properties of deformation bands in high porosity carbonates. Journal of Structural Geology, 119, pp.61-80.
• Cooke, A.P., Fisher, Q.J., Michie, E.A.H and Yielding, G., 2018. Investigating the controls on fault rock distribution in normal faulted shallow burial limestones, Malta, and the implications for fluid flow. Journal of Structural Geology, 114, pp.22-42.
• Michie, E.A.H., Yielding, G. and Fisher, Q.J., 2018. Predicting transmissibilities of carbonate-hosted fault zones. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 459(1), pp.121-137.
• Michie, E.A.H. and Haines, T.J., 2016. Variability and heterogeneity of the petrophysical properties of extensional carbonate fault rocks, Malta. Petroleum Geoscience, 22(2), pp.136-152.
• Haines, T.J., Michie, E.A.H., Neilson, J.E., and Healy, D., 2016. Permeability evolution across carbonate hosted normal fault zones. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 72, 62-82.
• Haines, T.J., Neilson, J.E., Healy, D., Michie, E.A.H., and Aplin, A.C., 2015. The impact of carbonate texture on the quantification of total porosity by image analysis. Computers & Geosciences, 85, 112-125.
• Michie, E.A.H., 2015. Influence of host lithofacies on fault rock variation in carbonate fault zones: A case study from the Island of Malta. Journal of Structural Geology, 72, 61-79
• Healy, D., Neilson, J.E., Haines, T.J., Michie, E.A.H., Timms, N.E., Wilson, M.E.J., 2014.  An investigation of porosity-velocity relationships in faulted carbonates using outcrop analogues.  Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 406.  From: Agar, S.M & Geiger, S. (eds) Fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonates.
• Michie, E.A.H., Haines, T.J., Healy, D., Neilson, J.E., Timms, N.E., Wibberley, C.A.J., 2014.  Influence of carbonate facies on fault zone architecture.  Journal of Structural Geology, 65, 82-99

• Haines, Emma Michie & Braathen, Alvar (2023). How displacement analysis may aid fault risking strategies for CO<inf>2</inf> storage. Basin Research. ISSN 0950-091X. 36(1). doi: 10.1111/bre.12807. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Skurtveit, Elin; Haines, Emma Michie & Smith, Scott Adam (2023). Characterizing along- and across-fault fluid-flow properties for assessing flow rates and overburden fluid migration along faults: a case study from the North Sea. Petroleum Geoscience. ISSN 1354-0793. 29. doi: 10.1144/petgeo2023-033. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Assessing fault zones as fluid-migration pathways requires the characterization of permeability both across and along faults, as well as the adjacent volume. The hydraulic properties of the Vette Fault Zone, North Sea, are described by modelling the mixing of host-rock lithologies into the fault zone, and the fault width is derived from empirical relationships as a function of throw and clay content. To better understand the sensitivity related to the uncertainties in overburden lithologies and fault-width correlations, a parametric study with 1125 model realizations were solved in a 2D steady-state, single-phase, subsurface flow model. The fault zone, included as a discrete permeable structure, significantly alters the flow field compared to a model that only considers lithological juxtaposition. The most prominent hydraulic communication in the Vette Fault Zone is downwards from the storage reservoir where sand is mixed into the fault zone. Increasing the host-rock permeability in the overburden also increases the fault permeability and shifts the inflection point for down-fault flow, causing the pressurized reservoir to drain towards the overburden and the top surface. For CO2 storage application, the models highlighted the potential for downward communication along the fault for brine, and the CO2 capillary sealing towards the overburden.

• Haines, Emma Michie; Braathen, Alvar & Alaei, Behzad (2021). How Fault Interpretation Method may Influence the Assessment of a Fault-Bound C02 Storage Site. In Røkke, Nils Anders & Knuutila, Hanna K (Ed.), TCCS–11. CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage. Trondheim 22nd–23rd June 2021. Short Papers from the 11th International Trondheim CCS Conference. SINTEF akademisk forlag. ISSN 978-82-536-1714-5. p. 297–303. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Interpretation of faults in the subsurface hinges on utilizing an optimum picking strategy, i.e. the seismic line spacing. Differences in line spacing lead to significant changes in subsequent fault analyses such as fault growth, fault seal and fault stability, all of which are crucial when analyzing a fault-bound CO2 storage site. With the ever-advancing technologies, machine learning techniques, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNN), used for fault extraction are becoming increasingly common, however their limitations and corresponding uncertainty is still largely unknown. Here, we show how fault extraction using DNN compares with faults that have been picked manually, and with using different line spacing. Uncertainty related to both manual and automated fault extraction methods are heavily reliant on seismic quality. As such, faults that are well-imaged show a closer similarity between those that have been manually picked and automatically extracted. In cases of poorly imaged faults, DNN picking on narrower line spacing creates a fault that is more irregular and with a lower predicted stability than the smoother and simpler fault model created by manual picking. Thereby, DNN creates fault surfaces that are less stable than those that have been picked manually, which is assumed to be associated with the increased irregularity of the fault segments. We conclude that fault picking by DNN without in-depth expertise works for well-imaged faults; poorly imaged faults require additional considerations and quality control for both manually and DNN picked faults.

• Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Haines, Emma Michie & Skurtveit, Elin (2021). Upscaled Geocellular Flow Model of Potential Across-and along-Fault Leakage Using Shale Gouge Ratio. In Røkke, Nils Anders & Knuutila, Hanna K (Ed.), TCCS–11. CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage. Trondheim 22nd–23rd June 2021. Short Papers from the 11th International Trondheim CCS Conference. SINTEF akademisk forlag. ISSN 978-82-536-1714-5. p. 366–373. Full text in Research Archive
• Haines, Emma Michie; Mulrooney, Mark Joseph & Braathen, Alvar (2021). Fault interpretation uncertainties using seismic data, and the effects on fault seal analysis: a case study from the Horda Platform, with implications for CO2 storage. Solid Earth (SE). ISSN 1869-9510. 12(6), p. 1259–1286. doi: 10.5194/se-12-1259-2021. Full text in Research Archive
• Haines, Emma Michie; Alaei, Behzad & Braathen, Alvar (2021). Assessing the Accuracy of Fault Interpretation using Machine Learning Techniques when Risking Faults for CO2 Storage Site Assessment. Interpretation (Richmond). ISSN 0020-9643. 10(1), p. T73–T93. doi: 10.1190/int-2021-0077.1. Full text in Research Archive
• Michie, Emma Alexandra Harrower; Kaminskaite, Ieva; Cooke, Andrew; Fisher, Quentin J.; Yielding, Graham & Tobiss, Samuel (2021). Along-strike permeability variation in carbonate-hosted fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology. ISSN 0191-8141. 142. doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104236.
• Michie, Emma Alexandra Harrower; Cooke, Andrew; Kaminskaite, Ieva; Stead, Jack; Plenderleith, Gayle & Tobiss, Samuel [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Key controls on the hydraulic properties of fault rocks in carbonates. Petroleum Geoscience. ISSN 1354-0793. doi: 10.1144/petgeo2020-034. Full text in Research Archive

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• Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Skurtveit, Elin; Haines, Emma Michie & Smith, Scott Adam (2023). Overburden fluid migration along faults using different permeability models – Example from the North Sea (Vette Fault).
• Skurtveit, Elin; Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Haines, Emma Michie; Gasda, Sarah Eileen; Eidsvig, Unni & Braathen, Alvar (2022). Updated workflow for fault risk assessment and application to Vette Fault Zone, Horda Platform, offshore Norway.
• Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Skurtveit, Elin; Haines, Emma Michie & Smith, Scott Adam (2022). Leakage rate calculations - Smeaheia.
• Haines, Emma Michie & Braathen, Alvar (2022). Strategies to De-Risk Faults in the Subsurface for CO2 Storage: A Case Study from Smeaheia.
• Haines, Emma Michie; Fisher, Q.J.; Agosta, F. & Wu, L. (2022). Influence of Marl on Fault Permeability.
• Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Skurtveit, Elin; Haines, Emma Michie & Smith, Scott Adam (2022). Fault modelling approaches.
• Braathen, Alvar; Skurtveit, Elin; Mulrooney, Mark Joseph; Haines, Emma Michie; Faleide, Thea Sveva & Osmond, Johnathon [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Understanding faults and their influence on fluid flow.
• Haines, Emma Michie & Braathen, Alvar (2022). Strategies to De-Risk Faults in the Subsurface for CO2 Storage: A Case Study from Smeaheia.
• Haines, Emma Michie; Braathen, Alvar & Alaei, Behzad (2022). How Fault Interpretation Method May Influence the Assessment of a Fault-bound CO2 Storage Site.
• Haines, Emma Michie; Mulrooney, Mark Joseph & Braathen, Alvar (2021). Fault Picking Strategies using Seismic Data, and the Effects on Fault Seal Analysis: A Case Study from the Horda Platform, with Implications for CO2 storage.
• Michie, Emma Alexandra Harrower (2020). De-risking faults in the subsurface, as part of the FRISK project: Quantification of fault-related leakage risk.
• Michie, Emma Alexandra Harrower (2020). Carbonate Fault Seal: How can we Improve its Predictability?

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