Johannes Schweitzer

• Kettlety, Tom; Martuganova, Evgeniia; Kühn, Daniela; Schweitzer, Johannes; Weemstra, Cornelis & Baptie, Brian [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). A unified earthquake catalogue for the North Sea to derisk European CCS operations. First Break. ISSN 0263-5046. 42(5), p. 31–36. doi: 10.3997/1365-2397.fb2024036.
• Dando, Benjamin; Goertz-Allmann, Bettina; Brissaud, Quentin; Köhler, Andreas; Schweitzer, Johannes & Kværna, Tormod [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Identifying attacks in the Russia–Ukraine conflict using seismic array data. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06416-7. Show summary

  Seismometers are generally used by the research community to study local or distant earthquakes, but seismograms also contain critical observations from regional1,2 and global explosions3, which can be used to better understand conflicts and identify potential breaches of international law. Although seismic, infrasound and hydroacoustic technology is used by the International Monitoring System4 to monitor nuclear explosions as part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the detection and location of lower-yield military attacks requires a network of sensors much closer to the source of the explosions. Obtaining comprehensive and objective data that can be used to effectively monitor an active conflict zone therefore remains a substantial challenge. Here we show how seismic waves generated by explosions in northern Ukraine and recorded by a local network of seismometers can be used to automatically identify individual attacks in close to real time, providing an unprecedented view of an active conflict zone. Between February and November 2022, we observed more than 1,200 explosions from the Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv provinces, providing accurate origin times, locations and magnitudes. We identify a range of seismoacoustic signals associated with various types of military attack, with the resulting catalogue of explosions far exceeding the number of publicly reported attacks. Our results demonstrate that seismic data can be an effective tool for objective monitoring of a continuing conflict, providing invaluable information about potential breaches of international law.

• Schweitzer, Johannes (2023). Foundation of the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in its international context. History of Geo- and Space Sciences. ISSN 2190-5010. 14(1), p. 15–22. doi: 10.5194/hgss-14-15-2023.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). Die Gründung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft im Rahmen der internationalen Beziehungen zu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft. ISSN 0934-6554.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). An Unknown Letter of Charles F. Richter about Magnitude Scales and His Relationship to Beno Gutenberg. Seismological Research Letters. ISSN 0895-0695. 93(1), p. 458–464. doi: 10.1785/0220210212. Full text in Research Archive
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Köhler, Andreas & Christensen, Jon Magnus (2021). Development of the NORSAR Network over the Last 50 Yr. Seismological Research Letters. ISSN 0895-0695. 92, p. 1501–1511. doi: 10.1785/0220200375. Full text in Research Archive
• Pirli, Myrto; Schweitzer, Johannes; Paulsen, Berit; Konechnaya, Yana & Antonovskaya, Galina (2021). Two decades of seismicity in Storfjorden, Svalbard archipelago, from regional data. Seismological Research Letters. ISSN 0895-0695. 92(5), p. 2695–2704. doi: 10.1785/0220200469.
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Paulsen, Berit; Antonovskaya, Galina N.; Fedorov, Andrey V.; Konechnaya, Yana V. & Asming, Vladimir Ernest [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). A 24-yr-long seismic bulletin for the European Arctic. Seismological Research Letters. ISSN 0895-0695. 92(5), p. 2758–2767. doi: 10.1785/0220210018.
• Jerkins, Annie; Shiddiqi, Hasbi Ash; Kværna, Tormod; Gibbons, Steven John; Schweitzer, Johannes & Ottemöller, Lars [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). The 30 June 2017 North Sea Earthquake: Location, Characteristics, and Context. Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America (BSSA). ISSN 0037-1106. 110(2), p. 937–952. doi: 10.1785/0120190181. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Mw 4.5 southern Viking graben earthquake on 30 June 2017 was one of the largest seismic events in the Norwegian part of the North Sea during the last century. It was well recorded on surrounding broadband seismic stations at regional distances, and it generated high signal-to noise ratio teleseismic P arrivals at up to 90° with good azimuthal coverage. Here, the teleseismic signals provide a unique opportunity to constrain the event hypocenter. Depth phases are visible globally and indicate a surface reflection in the P-wave coda some 4 s after the initial P arrival, giving a much better depth constraint than regional S-P time differences provide. Moment tensor inversion results in a reverse thrust faulting mechanism. The fit between synthetic and observed surface waves at regional distances is improved by including a sedimentary layer. Synthetic teleseismic waveforms generated based on the moment tensor solution, and a near-source 1D velocity model indicates a depth of 7 km. Correlation detectors using the S-wave coda from the main event were run on almost 30 yr of continuous multichannel seismic data searching for repeating signals. In addition to a magnitude 1.9 aftershock 33 min later, and a few magnitude ∼1 events in the following days, a magnitude 2.5 earthquake on 13 November 2016 was the only event found to match the 30 June 2017 event well. Using double-difference techniques, we find that the two largest events are located within 1 km of the main event. We present a Bayesloc probabilistic multiple event location including the 30 June event and all additional seismic events in the region well recorded on the regional networks. The Bayesloc relocation gave a more consistent seismicity pattern and moved several of the events more toward the west. The results of this study are also discussed within the regional seismotectonic frame of reference.

• Schweitzer, Johannes & Lay, Thorne (2019). IASPEI: Its origins and the promotion of global seismology. History of Geo- and Space Sciences. ISSN 2190-5010. 10(1), p. 173–180. doi: 10.5194/hgss-10-173-2019. Full text in Research Archive
• Gibbons, Steven John; Schweitzer, Johannes; Kværna, Tormod & Roth, Michael D. (2018). Enhanced detection and estimation of regional S-phases using the 3-component ARCES array. Journal of Seismology. ISSN 1383-4649. doi: 10.1007/s10950-018-9809-y.
• Pirli, Myrto; Hainzl, S.; Schweitzer, Johannes; Köhler, Andreas & Dahm, Torsten (2018). Localised thickening and grounding of an Antarctic ice shelf from tidal triggering and sizing of cryoseismicity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. ISSN 0012-821X. 503, p. 78–87. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.09.024.
• Pirli, Myrto & Schweitzer, Johannes (2018). Seismicity along the Mohns—Knipovich Ridge Bend and its correlation to ridge spreading rate. Journal of Geodynamics. ISSN 0264-3707. 118, p. 182–196. doi: 10.1016/j.jog.2018.01.013.
• Roy, Corinna; Winter, A.; Ritter, Joachim R.R. & Schweitzer, Johannes (2017). On the improvement of SKS splitting measurements by the Simultaneous Inversion of Multiple Waveforms (SIMW). Geophysical Journal International. ISSN 0956-540X. 208(3), p. 1508–1523. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggw470.
• Pirli, Myrto & Schweitzer, Johannes (2017). BARENTS16: a 1-D velocity model for the western Barents Sea. Journal of Seismology. ISSN 1383-4649. 22(1), p. 69–81. doi: 10.1007/s10950-017-9692-y.
• Gibbons, Steven John; Antonovskaya, Galina; Asming, Vladimir Ernest; Konechnaya, Yana; Kremenetskaya, Elena O. & Kværna, Tormod [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). The 11 October 2010 Novaya Zemlya earthquake: Implications for velocity models and regional event location. Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America (BSSA). ISSN 0037-1106. 106(4), p. 1470–1481. doi: 10.1785/0120150302.
• Köhler, Andreas; Nuth, Christopher; Kohler, Jack; Berthier, Etienne; Weidle, Christian & Schweitzer, Johannes (2016). A 15 year record of frontal glacier ablation rates estimated from seismic data. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 43(23), p. 12,155–12,164. doi: 10.1002/2016GL070589. Full text in Research Archive
• Junek, W.N.; Kværna, Tormod; Pirli, Myrto; Schweitzer, Johannes; Harris, David B. & Woods, M.T. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Inferring Aftershock Sequence Properties and Tectonic Structure Using Empircal Detectors. Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH). ISSN 0033-4553. 172(2), p. 359–373. doi: 10.1007/s00024-014-0938-0.
• Pirli, Myrto; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Schweitzer, Johannes & Moholdt, Geir (2015). Seismic signals from large, tabular icebergs drifting along the Dronning Maud Land coast, Antarctica, and their significance for iceberg monitoring. Journal of Glaciology. ISSN 0022-1430. 61(227), p. 481–492. doi: 10.3189/2015JoG14J210.
• Köhler, Andreas; Nuth, Christopher; Schweitzer, Johannes; Weidle, Christian & Gibbons, Steven John (2015). Regional passive seismic monitoring reveals dynamic glacier activity on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Polar Research. ISSN 0800-0395. 34. doi: 10.3402/polar.v34.26178. Full text in Research Archive
• Antonovskaya, Galina; Konechnaya, Yana; Kremenetskaya, Elena O.; Asming, Vladimir; Kværna, Tormod & Schweitzer, Johannes [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Enhanced earthquake monitoring in the European Artic. Polar Science. ISSN 1873-9652. 9(1), p. 158–167. doi: 10.1016/j.polar.2014.08.003.
• Junek, W.N.; Kværna, Tormod; Pirli, Myrto; Schweitzer, Johannes; Harris, D.B. & Dodge, D.A. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Examination of the Storfjorden aftershock sequence. Seismological Research Letters. ISSN 0895-0695. 85.
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Pirli, Myrto; Roth, Michael & Kværna, Tormod (2014). TROLL: A new, very broadband seismic station in Antarctica. Seismological Research Letters. ISSN 0895-0695. 85(4), p. 852–862. doi: 10.1785/0220130223.
• Pirli, Myrto; Schweitzer, Johannes & Paulsen, Berit (2013). The Storfjorden, Svalbard, 2008-2012 aftershock sequence: Seismotectonics in a polar environment. Tectonophysics. ISSN 0040-1951. 601, p. 192–205. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.010.
• Havskov, Jens; Schweitzer, Johannes & Bormann, Peter (2012). Seismic source location. In Bormann, Peter (Eds.), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice(NMSOP-2). GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ). ISSN 3-9808780-0-7. p. 1–36.
• Klinge, Klaus; Schweitzer, Johannes & Bormann, Peter (2012). Record examples of underground nuclear explosions. In Bormann, Peter (Eds.), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice(NMSOP-2). GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ). ISSN 3-9808780-0-7. p. 1–6.
• Schweitzer, Johannes & Ritter, Joachim (2012). Emil Wiechert (1861 – 1928). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft. ISSN 0934-6554. 1/2012, p. 27–31.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2012). User manual for LAUFZE and LAUFPS. In Bormann, Peter (Eds.), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice(NMSOP-2). GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ). ISSN 3-9808780-0-7. p. 1–14.
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Fyen, Jan; Mykkeltveit, Svein; Gibbons, Steven John; Pirli, Myrto & Kühn, Daniela [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Seismic Arrays. In Bormann, Peter (Eds.), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice(NMSOP-2). GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ). ISSN 3-9808780-0-7. p. 1–80.
• Storchak, Dmitry A.; Schweitzer, Johannes & Bormann, Peter (2011). Seismic Phase Names: IASPEI Standard. In Gupta, Harsh K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer. ISSN 978-90-481-8701-0. p. 1162–1173. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_11.
• Wang, J; Schweitzer, Johannes; Tilmann, F; White, R. S. & Soosalu, H (2011). Application of the Multichannel Wiener Filter to Regional Event Detection Using NORSAR Seismic-Array Data. Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America (BSSA). ISSN 0037-1106. 101(6), p. 2887–2896. doi: 10.1785/0120110003.
• Gibbons, Steven John; Schweitzer, Johannes; Ringdal, Frode; Kværna, Tormod; Mykkeltveit, Svein & Paulsen, Berit (2011). Improvements to Seismic Monitoring of the European Arctic Using Three-Component Array Processing at SPITS. Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America (BSSA). ISSN 0037-1106. 101(6), p. 2737–2754. doi: 10.1785/0120110109.
• Grad, Marek; Mjelde, Rolf; Czuba, Wojciech; Guterch, Aleksander & Schweitzer, Johannes (2011). Modelling of seafloor multiples observed in OBS data from the North Atlantic - new seismic tool for oceanography? Polish Polar Research. ISSN 0138-0338. 32(4), p. 375–392. doi: 10.2478/v10183-011-0027-3.
• Czuba, Wojciech; Grad, Marek; Mjelde, Rolf; Guterch, Aleksander; Libak, Audun & Krüger, Frank [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Continent-ocean-transition across a trans-tensional margin segment: off Bear Island, Barents Sea. Geophysical Journal International. ISSN 0956-540X. 184(2), p. 541–554. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04873.x.
• Pirli, Myrto; Gibbons, Steven John & Schweitzer, Johannes (2011). Application of array-based waveform cross-correlation techniques to aftershock sequences: the 2003 Lefkada Island, Greece, case. Journal of Seismology. ISSN 1383-4649. 15(3), p. 533–544. doi: 10.1007/s10950-010-9216-5.
• Borleanu, Felix; Popa, Mihaela; Radulian, Mircea & Schweitzer, Johannes (2011). Slowness and azimuth determination for Bucovina array (BURAS) applying multiple signal techniques. Journal of Seismology. ISSN 1383-4649. p. 431–442. doi: 10.1007/s10950-011-9228-9.
• Evers, Läslo Gerardus & Schweitzer, Johannes (2011). A climatology of infrasound detections in northern Norway at the experimental ARCI array. Journal of Seismology. ISSN 1383-4649. 15(3), p. 473–486. doi: 10.1007/s10950-011-9237-8.

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• Schweitzer, Johannes (2018). User Manual for HYPOSAT 6 and HYPOMOD 2. GFZ. ISBN 3-9808780-0-7. 38 p.

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• Schweitzer, Johannes (2023). Improving seismic monitoring capabilities at Troll in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica.
• Huang, Chen; Meslem, Abdelghani; Bolin, Håkan; Refsum, Vetle Kind; Kaschwich, Tina & Vezzoso, Alberto [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). The TURNkey scientific engine, an advanced tool for earthquake disaster management. Show summary

  The TURNkey scientific engine is a useful tool for earthquake disaster management. Building upon state-of-the-art methodologies in seismic hazard assessment, risk evaluation and decision-support systems, the scientific engine effectively supports earthquake forecasting, early warning and rapid response actions. This study introduces the three main features of the TURNkey scientific engine. Through case studies, the unique services provided by the scientific engine to the stakeholders are demonstrated. It is shown that the engine improves situational awareness in operational earthquake forecasting (OEF), earthquake early warning (EEW), and rapid response to earthquake (RRE) and thus facilitates earthquake disaster management.

• De Maio, Florencia Victoria; De Stefano, Rita; Valsecchi, Ruben; Bolletta, Fabio; Basso, Paolo & Cademartori, Marcello [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Assessment of current and future multi-risk interactions and cascading impacts across Europe: a case study in Oslo, Norway.
• Larsen, T; Voss, Peter H.; Dahl-Jensen, Trine; Rinds, N; Lund, B. & Schmidt, P [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Analysis of the North Stream Underwater Blasts in the Baltic Sea on 26 September 2022. Show summary

  On 26 September, 2022 the International Monitoring System (IMS) detected two seismic events near the Danish island of Bornholm. The events were seen in both seismic and infrasound data and were located near the positions where large gas leaks from the North Stream were later observed. The events were furthermore recorded by seismographs in the surrounding countries and analysed at the National Data Centres. The waveforms exhibited clear properties of underwater blasts with significant P energy and much smaller S- energy, as well as other characteristics not associated with natural earthquakes. Further analysis revealed that particularly the second event may consist of multiple blasts close in time and space. Analysis of the events included integration between IMS data and regional data from Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Norway, and served as an exercise in collaboration during an international crisis.

• Larsen, T.B.; Voss, Peter H.; Dahl-Jensen, Trine; Rinds, N; Lund, B. & Schmidt, P [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Integrating IMS data in the analysis of the Nord Stream underwater blasts in the Baltic Sea. Show summary

  On September 26, 2022 the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the CTBTO detected two seismic events near the Danish island of Bornholm as reported in the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). In the REB phases include both seismic and infrasound data up to 1600 km away and the events are located near the positions where large gas leaks from the Nord Stream pipelines were also observed. The events were recorded clearly by the Danish seismograph network with the closest two seismographs located on Bornholm at distances of 40 – and 70 km. Furthermore, seismographs in the surrounding countries picked up the signals and data were analysed at the national data centers. The waveforms exhibited clear properties of underwater blasts with significant P-energy and much smaller S-energy, as well as other characteristics not associated with natural earthquakes. Further analysis revealed that the second event may consist of multiple blasts close in time and space. Analysis of the events included integration between IMS data and regional data from Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Norway, communication with CTBTO experts, and served as an exercise in collaboration during an international crisis.

• Lund, B.; Eggertsson, G; Tryggvason, Ari; Schmidt, P.; Roth, Michael & Larsen, T.B. [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). The Nord Stream underwater explosions: location, classification and yield estimation. Show summary

  Soon after midnight on 26 September 2022 the Swedish National Seismic Network, using data from Sweden, Denmark and Germany, automatically detected a seismic event in the Baltic southeast of the Danish island of Bornholm. The event was followed 17 hours later by a second, more complex, event northeast of Bornholm. The automatic locations of the events were within 6-9 km of later reported gas leaks in the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines. Using recently developed, machine learning based, classifiers both events were automatically classified as explosions. Subsequent analysis of the second event revealed that it was in fact two blasts, separated by about 7 seconds. As the events occurred in the transition zone between the Fennoscandian Shield and the younger terranes of Denmark and northern Germany, 3D tomographic P- and S-velocity models were developed to improve locations and assess uncertainties, bringing the locations closer to the pipelines. Spectral analysis of the blast data show clear reverberations consistent with underwater explosions and a blast depth of approximately 75 m. The conclusion that the events are underwater blasts are further supported by data on known underwater explosions and a few earthquakes in the area. The magnitude of the first event was estimated at ML 1.9 and the combined second and third event had ML 2.3. Estimating the equivalent yield in the explosions is, however, non-trivial. Comparison to ground truth underwater explosions suggests yields of one to a few hundred kilos of equivalent TNT. The contribution to the seismic energy from suddenly outflowing methane gas is under investigation and results will be included in the presentation.

• Köhler, Andreas; Alvizuri, Celso; Dando, Benjamin; Goertz-Allmann, Bettina; Schweitzer, Johannes & Oye, Volker [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Relative locations and moment tensors of the Nord Stream pipeline events. Show summary

  Two clear seismic events were observed on 26th September 2022 associated with the reported leaks from the Nord Stream 1 (Event 1, NE of Bornholm) and Nord Stream 2 pipelines (Event 2, SE of Bornholm). Arrivals of both events were detected and associated using data from several arrays in Norway and Finland, including the IMS stations NOA, FINES and ARCES. Additional signal analysis with data from the Swedish National Seismic Network and the Danish station on Bornholm enabled a third event to be identified. Auto-correlation analysis of the Event 2 revealed the third event (Event 2B) about 7 seconds after the main amplitude of the P onset (Event 2A). In contrast, for Event 1 SE of Bornholm no additional events could be identified from auto-correlation analysis, which increases confidence that these additional arrivals are not caused by interaction with geological structures. We also observe an arrival 7 s after the Pn phase before the Pg arrival on the NORES array. However, we cannot exclude that this onset interferes with the arrival of the PnPn phase. We then use the time differences between Event 2A and 2B measured by auto-correlation analysis on the Swedish and Danish network stations to determine relative epicentre locations. The results suggest that the two overlapping events occurred just about 220 m apart from each other. The relative locations fit very well with the distance between both pipelines of Nord Stream 1 at the Westernmost gas plume location (NE of Bornholm). We also estimated preliminary full moment tensors for Event 1 and 2 using seismic waveform data and analysed them on a source-type diagram. The results show positive isotropic parameters consistent with explosion-type mechanisms.

• Pedersen, Christina Alsvik; Schweitzer, Johannes; Njåstad, Brigit; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek; Aas, Wenche & Hudson, Stephen [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). The New Norwegian Infrastructure - Troll Observing Network - under Establishment in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Show summary

  Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are important parts of the Earth system. The physical and biological properties here to a large degree control and shape other parts of the Earth through atmospheric, cryospheric and oceanic connections. The Troll Observing Network – TONe - is a new comprehensive infrastructure centered around the Norwegian Troll Research Station in Dronning Maud Land. It will be an important contribution to global research efforts in this part of Antarctica, closing data gaps in Antarctic environmental observations and providing key data required to respond to the fundamental societal challenges and uncertainties facing the world today. The Norwegian and international partner consortium in TONe is in the process to develop the state-of-the-art, multi-platform, multi-disciplinary observatory network for environmental observations, and a remotely piloted aerial system (RPAS) services to collect data for studying and monitoring the atmosphere, terrestrial and marine environment. The observatory network consists of 8 observatories: an integrated cloud observatory, an atmosphere composition observatory, an infrasound array, an ionospheric observatory, a seismic array, an ice-shelf observatory, a multidisciplinary open ocean moored observatory and a sea-bird observatory. The key aspect of TONe is to ensure wide and free access to the data from the observatories and the RPAS services to the entire national and international research community. TONe as a whole will be implemented and fully operational from 2027, while single parts of the infrastructure will be available before that.

• Huang, Chen; Van Bever, Ivan; Ibrahim, Osman Mohammad; Oye, Volker & Schweitzer, Johannes (2023). Multi-hazard risk-informed decision-support system: A case study in Oslo, Norway.
• Pirli, Myrto; Schweitzer, Johannes & Paulsen, Berit (2023). Seismotectonics of Hornsund, Spitsbergen, European Arctic, based on moderate magnitude seismicity.
• Kühn, Daniela; Martuganova, E; Kettlety, T; Schweitzer, Johannes; Baptie, Brian & Dahl-Jensen, T [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Understanding North Sea seismicity for risk mitigation of large-scale CO2 injections.
• Pincheiro, K; Korte, M.; Schweitzer, Johannes; Sharan, S; Rogers, H & Kamenitka, T (2023). Geoscience Connections.
• Brissaud, Quentin; Schweitzer, Johannes; Näsholm, Sven Peter; Vorobeva, Ekaterina & Eggen, Mari Dahl (2023). Infrasound arrays as probes for atmospheric and ice dynamics in polar regions.
• Pedersen, Christina Alsvik; Njåstad, Birgit; Descamps, Sebastien; Hattermann, Tore; Hudson, Stephen & Flått, Stig [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Troll observing network – for useful new data about Antarctica. Fram Forum. ISSN 1893-5532. 12, p. 120–125.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). 25 Years of Earthquake Locations with HYPOSAT.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). 25 Years of Earthquake Locations with HYPOSAT.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). 30 Years of Cooperation Between Central Asia and NORSAR.
• Halldorsson, Benedikt; Balan, S; Gehl, P; Melis, N; Borzi, B & Ruigrok, E [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). The TURNkey European testbeds for consistent real-time monitoring and other geophysical markers.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). Seismic Station Troll, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica – the first 10 Years.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). J. Schweitzer: TONe Work Package 4: A New Seismic and a New Infrasound Array.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). Seismic Station TROLL – the First Decade.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). TONe Work Package 4: A New Seismic and a New Infrasound Array .
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Paulsen, Berit; Antonovskaya, G.N; Fedorov, A.; Konechnaya, Yana & Asming, Vladimir Ernest [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). The European Arctic Seismic Bulletin for the years 1990 – 2013.
• Alvizuri, Celso; Huang, Chen; Jerkins, Annie; Schweitzer, Johannes & Oye, Volker (2022). Source parameters and shakemap (PGV) for the Mag. 5 North Sea earthquake on 2022-03-21 .
• Huang, Chen; Meslem, Abdelghani; Bolin, Håkan; Refsum, Vetle Kind; Kühn, Daniela & Kaschwich, Tina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). An overview of the scientific engine of the TURNkey platform.
• Huang, Chen; Meslem, Abdelghani; Bolin, Håkan; Refsum, Vetle Kind; Kühn, Daniela & Kaschwich, Tina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). A synthetic case study using the turnkey scientific engine for earthquake disaster management. Show summary

  During the risk management process, multi-disciplinary information and data from various sources need to be integrated and promptly processed to assist the identified stakeholders (e.g., civil protection, emergency responders) to react at the earliest stage to earthquake events to reduce the direct and indirect impacts and consequences. The TURNkey scientific engine was developed for this purpose. The TURNkey scientific engine is a comprehensive software incorporating state-of-the-art methodologies in hazard assessment, risk evaluation and decision-support systems to enable earthquake forecasting, early warning, and rapid response actions. Through a synthetic case study, this paper illustrates that the scientific engine can update the seismic hazard estimates as well as the risk and loss estimation in near real-time, taking into account the instrumental data, Did-You-Feel-It reports and eyewitness reports. With the help of the scientific engine, the stakeholders can understand the impact and consequences of the damaging earthquake to facilitate emergency response.

• Schweitzer, Johannes (2022). Presentasjon av H2020 EU prosjektet TURNkey.
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Christensen, Jon Magnus; Sickel, Morten A. K.; Mykkeltveit, Svein & Köhler, Andreas (2021). New Small Aperture Broadband Arrays in the European Arctic. Show summary

  As part of the EPOS-Norway infrastructure project, NORSAR received funding from the Research Council of Norway for a new regional seismic array on Bjørnøya (Bear Island) in the European Arctic. After along planning phase, a six-element broadband array was installed by NORSAR staff in August 2019 and has been providing data to NORSAR in near real-time since then. Due to several logistical and administrative constraints the 6-element array has an aperture of only 300 m. All sites are equipped with Kinemetrics MBB-2 sensors and Earth Data EDR-209 digitizers that are installed in near-surface vaults. Data are automatically copied to the Norwegian node of the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) and are openly available. Due to environmental restrictions less than the planned 9 array sites could be installed on Bjørnøya and the non-used instruments are now available to extend the broadband station Hornsund (HSPB), Southern Spitsbergen, to another small aperture broadband array, also with 6 sites. The array installation had to be postponed because of the ongoing pandemic and is now planned for the Arctic summer 2021.

• Pirli, Myrto; Hainzl, S.; Schweitzer, Johannes; Köhler, Andreas & Dahm, Torsten (2019). Dynamics of Fimbulisen, Antarctica, as revealed from tidally modulated cryoseismicity.
• Assumpção, M & Schweitzer, Johannes (2019). The International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) and the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission (LACSC)Fimbul Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, from Tidally Modulated Cryoseismicity.
• Mykkeltveit, Svein; Mikhailova, Natalia; Abdrakhmatov, K; Aristova, I; Berezina, A & Schweitzer, Johannes (2019). Capacity Building in Central Asia to Monitor the CTBT.
• Satake, Kenichi; Lay, Thorne & Schweitzer, Johannes (2019). IASPEI- activities, history and Japan’s contribution. Show summary

  IASPEI (International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior) is one of the eight associations of IUGG, and promotes the study of earthquakes and other seismic sources, the propagation of seismic waves, and the Earth's internal structure, properties, and processes. IASPEI has seven commissions on seismological observation and interpretation, on tectonophysics and crustal structure, on earthquake generation process - physics, modelling, and monitoring for forecast, on earth structure and geodynamics, on earthquake hazard, risk and strong ground motion, on earthquake source mechanics, and on education and outreach. Besides these topical commissions, IASPEI has their regional commissions in Europe (since 1951), Asia (since 1996), Africa (since 2011) and Latin America (since 2013). These regional commissions meet bi-annually, typically with training courses, to promote seismology in each region. Seismology started as national scale for describing the earthquake phenomena and their effects. First seismological societies were established in Switzerland (1878), in Italy (1879) and in Japan (1880). After the first teleseismic recording in Germany from an earthquake in Japan (1889), seismology became an international science, and Frist International Seismological Conference was held in Strasbourg in 1901, representing 8 countries including Japan. In 1904, International Seismological Society was established. In 1922, it became a part of IUGG (established in 1919), with changing name to IAS in 1930 and IASPEI in 1951. IASPEI plays important roles in unifying seismological observations, such as naming seismic phases, defining measurement procedures, or improving the network of seismic stations, and published Manuals of Seismological Observatory Practice (the latest version in 2012). IASPEI has a close relation with International Seismological Centre, which has produced seismological bulletins based on the IASPEI standard. IASPEI also provided standard seismic velocity structure models of the earth, such as iasp91 or ak135. Global distribution of earthquakes in the earth and the reference earth models have been important basic data for developing the science such as plate tectonics, or structure and dynamics of the earth’s interior. IASPEI also conducted peer reviews and evaluated the published precursory phenomena for earthquakes. IASPEI developed and distributed seismological software, and International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology. IASPEI supports FDSN (International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks) which is composed of groups responsible for installation and maintenance of seismological networks, and activities of CTBTO (Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty Organization) which uses seismic data to detect nuclear explosions. IASPEI also supports joint commissions with other associations of IUGG, such as ILP (International Lithosphere Project), on tsunamis, volcanology or on space geodesy. The IASPEI commission of Seismological Society of Japan practically acts as the national committee of IASPEI, and disseminates IASPEI information to Japanese seismological community, nominates officers and award candidates. SSJ has made financial supports to ASC and IASPEI, for travel support of participants and for management of the ASC meetings. Several members of executive committees and chairs of commission are elected from Japan. The last scientific assembly of IASPEI, jointly held with IAG, has held in Kobe, Japan, in 2017 with great success.

• Schweitzer, Johannes (2019). CTBT Capacity Building in Central Asia.
• Schweitzer, Johannes & Lay, Thorne (2019). The contribution of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) and its forunners to seismology. Show summary

  The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) was founded 100 years ago. This anniversary is a welcome opportunity to review the contributions of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) to seismology. Older than the IUGG, international cooperation in seismology was from the beginning one of the important components of geophysics and the IUGG. The International Seismological Association (ISA) was founded in 1904 and dissolved in 1922. It evolved into the Seismology Section of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), ultimately becoming the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI), a name recognizing the important role of structure and physical properties of the Earth’s interior for understanding our planet. Through the last hundred years, the commissions and working groups of the Association have played a major role in setting international standards in such areas as the naming of seismic phases, data exchange, travel time tables, magnitude scales and reference Earth models. The activities of IASPEI continue to have a focus on the societal impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis, with four Regional Commissions playing a major role in promoting high standards of seismological education, outreach and international cooperation.

• Dinescu, Raluca; Chica, Daniela; Schweitzer, Johannes; Näsholm, Sven Peter; Popa, Michaela & Ionescu, Constantin (2019). Monitoring man-made hazards using data recorded with the Romanian seismic and infrasonic arrays. Show summary

  Seismic events observed with the Romanian Seismic Network, operated by the National Institute for Earth Physics, are produced by various sources: earthquakes, mining and quarry blasts, thunderstorms, atmospheric and underground explosions. To monitor man-made seismic sources, data recorded by the Romanian seismic and infrasonic arrays deployed at Plostina seismo-acoustic site (PLOR and IPLOR stations) and at Bucovina seismo-acoustic site (BURAR and BURARI stations) are jointly analyzed in order to build an efficient tool for discrimination between anthropogenic and natural events, i.e. between explosions and tectonic earthquakes. At the same time, our work supports the attempt to clean the Romanian seismic catalogue from non-tectonic events. A specific methodology for the seismo-acoustic analysis has been developed. The main analysis steps consist of: (1) selection of natural and artificial reference events detected by seismo-acoustic arrays considered; (2) analysis of the infrasound detections using standard array processing methods – array data processing software “ep” – provided by NORSAR, in order to extract the signal features (backazimuth, apparent velocity, frequency content, amplitude, SNR); (3) analysis of the seismic detections using the same array data processing software, in order to extract the characteristics of their seismic signature (waveform shape, frequency content, amplitude, particle motion; (4) combination of the infrasonic detections with seismic ones in order to associate them with the reference events based on comparison of the backazimuth estimates and arrival time measurements with the theoretical/expected values and taking in account the effect of the atmospheric propagation conditions; (5) identification of the near-surface explosions produced in the local quarries using the analyzed seismo-acoustic signals and discrimination between these blasts and tectonic earthquakes. In the future we aim to extract templates of the seismo-acoustic signals generated by the man-made explosions and compare them with the continuously recorded waveforms in order to develop an automatic event identification process.

• Chamarczuk, M; Gajek, w; Geissler, W.; Köhler, Andreas; Majdanski, M & Schweitzer, Johannes (2019). Seismological monitoring of Svalbard’s cryosphere: status and future directions - a contribution to the SIOS SESS report 2019.
• Pirli, Myrto; Hainzl, S.; Schweitzer, Johannes; Köhler, Andreas & Dahm, T. (2019). Localised, ephemeral grounding of the Fimbul Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, as revealed from tidally modulated cryoseismicity.
• Pirli, Myrto; Hainzl, S.; Schweitzer, Johannes; Köhler, Andreas & Dahm, T (2019). Pinning Point Identification at the Fimbul Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, from Tidally Modulated Cryoseismicity.
• Schweitzer, Johannes & Lay, Thorne (2019). Contributions of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) and its forerunners to seismology.
• Schweitzer, Johannes & Lay, Thorne (2018). Obituary Brian J. Mitchell (1936 – 2018). IASPEI Newsletter.
• Köhler, Andreas; Lefeuvre, Pierre-Marie; Nuth, Christopher; Schweitzer, Johannes; Buscaino, Giuseppa & Weidle, Christian [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Monitoring and quantification of frontal ablation at Kronebreen, Svalbard, using records of seismic calving signals. Geophysical Research Abstracts. ISSN 1029-7006.
• Jerkins, Annie; Gibbons, Steven John; Kværna, Tormod & Schweitzer, Johannes (2018). Location and Depth Estimation of the North Sea Earthquake of 30 June 2017. Geophysical Research Abstracts. ISSN 1029-7006.
• Köhler, Andreas; Buscaino, Giuseppa; Lefeuvre, Pierre-Marie; Maupin, Valerie; Nuth, Christopher & Petlicki, Michal [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Studying and quantifying glacier dynamics in Svalbard using cryoseismology.
• Pikoulis, Erion-Vasilis; Psarakis, E & Schweitzer, Johannes (2018). Joint signal detection and parameter estimation in seismic arrays.
• Pirli, Myrto; Schweitzer, Johannes; Antonovskaya, Galina; Konechnaya, Yana & Paulsen, Berit (2018). Decennial of the 21 February 2008, Storfjorden earthquake: contributions to Svalbard seismotectonics.
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Köhler, Andreas & Weidle, Christian (2018). Regional Seismicity observed with two temporary seismic arrays in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard.
• Köhler, Andreas; Buscaino, Giuseppa; Lefeuvre, Pierre-Marie; Maupin, Valerie; Nuth, Christopher & Petlicki, Michal (2018). Seismic monitoring of glaciers and permafrost: What micro-seismicity and ambient noise can tell us about cryospheric processes in Svalbard.
• Pirli, Myrto; Hainzl, S.; Schweitzer, Johannes; Kohler, A & Dahm, Torsten (2018). Localised thickness variations and ephemeral grounding of the Fimbul Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, from tidally modulated cryoseismicity.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2018). A joint bulletin for Central Asia.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2018). NORSAR’s Event Location Program HYPOSAT.
• Schweitzer, Johannes; Köhler, Andreas & Weidle, Christian (2018). Two temporary seismic arrays in the high Arctic.
• Schweitzer, Johannes (2018). Arrays at NORSAR.
• Jerkins, Annie; Kværna, Tormod; Schweitzer, Johannes & Gibbons, Steven John (2018). Location and depth estimation of the North Sea earthquake 30 June 2017.
• Dahm, Torsten; Hainzl, S.; Pirli, Myrto; Schweitzer, Johannes & Köhler, Andreas (2018). Predicting size and occurrence time of coseismic rupture using a single fault stick slip model: examples from the Fimbul ice shelf, Antarctica.
• Minakov, Alexander; Buiter, Susanne; Faleide, Jan Inge; Gaina, Carmen; Mjelde, Rolf & Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). GoNorth - A new initiative for High Arctic research.
• Gaina, Carmen; Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina; Minakov, Alexander; Nikishin, Anatoly; Faleide, Jan Inge & Schweitzer, Johannes [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2016). 4D Arctic: Structure and Evolution of Arctic Crust and Mantle Based on Multi-Scale Geophysical Studies – results from an international, multi-disciplinary project.
• Zschau, Jochen; Lühr, Birger; Milkereit, Klaus; Schweitzer, Johannes; Parolai, Stefano & Dahm, Torsten [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Peter Bormann 1939 - 2015. GMIT Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen. ISSN 1616-3931. p. 102–103.
• Köhler, Andreas; Nuth, Christopher; Sevestre, Heidi; Benn, Doug; Luckman, Adrian & Schweitzer, Johannes (2014). Seismic Observations of Glacier Calving and Surging on Spitsbergen, Svalbard.
• Gibbons, Steven John; Fyen, Jan; Kværna, Tormod; Mykkeltveit, Svein; Ringdal, Frode & Roth, Michael [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Detection and Relative Location of the February 12, 2013, DPRK Announced Nuclear Test. Show summary

  Signals from the announced nuclear test in North Korea on February 12, 2013, were routinely detected and rapidly identified by the Norwegian National Data Center using both a site-specific alert algorithm and using multi-channel correlation detectors on several IMS seismic arrays with signals from both the 2006 and 2009 DPRK events as waveform templates. Using data from IMS seismic stations only, and measuring accurate waveform-correlation-based relative delay times, we estimate the location of the 2013 event to be approximately 450 m SW of the 2009 event with a horizontal uncertainty of approximately 100 m. Using the same techniques, the site of the 2006 event is estimated to be approximately 2 km ESE of the 2009 event. Due to the greater waveform similarity between the signals from the 2009 and 2013 events, together with the greater number of stations recording both events with a higher signal-to-noise ratio, the horizontal uncertainty in the location estimates of the two larger events relative to each other is smaller than for the location of the 2006 explosion relative to the more recent events. All relative location estimates made are consistent with independent estimates made using non-IMS seismic data recorded at regional distances.

• Schweitzer, Johannes & Krüger, Frank (2011). Special Issue: Array Seismology in Europe: Recent Developments and Applications Foreword. Journal of Seismology. ISSN 1383-4649. 15(3), p. 429–430. doi: 10.1007/s10950-011-9241-z.
• Schweitzer, Johannes & Roth, Michael (2017). The NORSAR Data Center in 2017 (FDSN Network Code NO). NORSAR. Show summary

  Biannual Report prepared for the FDSN Meeting during Joint IAG-IASPEI Scientific Assembly in Kobe, 2017

• Antonovskaya, Galina; Konechnaya, Yana; Kremenetskaya, Elena O.; Asming, Vladimir; Kværna, Tormod & Schweitzer, Johannes [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Seismological research related to geophysical processes in the European Arctic, NORSAR Scientific Report 1-2013, 75-85. Stiftelsen NORSAR.

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