A popular science article in Naturen introduces crustal formation and tectonics in the Northeast Atlantic and Iceland, before reviewing the ongoing rifting and volcanism at the Reykjanes peninsula. This activity, which started in 2020, includes three lava eruptions in Fagradalsfjall in 2021-2023. The erupting twin craters in the photo above, taken on March 24, 2021, were built during the first and largest eruption in Fagradalsfjall. This single eruption lasted for 5-6 months.
Following the 2021-2023 Fagradalsfjall activity, rifting and volcanism started in the Svartsengi area, about 10 km further west. Nine eruptions from December 2023 to July-August 2025 had a total duration of 4-5 months, and there is no sign that the volcanic unrest has ended.