Electromembrane extraction or liquid-phase microextraction – who wins?

For many years, we have developed the concepts of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane extraction (EME). In both cases, extraction is performed across an artificial liquid membrane. However, the driving force for extraction is different. In LPME, extraction is facilitated by a pH gradient across the membrane, while an external electrical potential is applied across the membrane in EME. Together with Chinese colleagues, we asked the following question: Who wins, LPME or EME? 

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