EME of tetracyclines from food samples
We have demonstrated the first successful application of electromembrane extraction (EME) for tetracycline antibiotics in complex food and biological samples, including milk, egg white, honey, and human plasma. By developing a new liquid membrane tailored for these highly polar and zwitterionic compounds, we achieved efficient extraction, excellent analytical performance, and minimal matrix effects. The study also reveals how different sample matrices influence EME behavior, showing that matrix-specific optimization is often required. Beyond residue analysis, the work provides important new insights into the extraction mechanisms of challenging polar compounds and further expands the scope of EME for green and sustainable sample preparation...