Ivar Berthling

• L'Heureux, Jean-Sébastien; Berthling, Ivar; Strand, Stein Are; Kjøsnes, Arne Jørgen; Lopez, Ana Priscilla Paniagua & Johnsen, Mads Petter (2025). The impact of mitigation work in quick clay zones - An example from Skjelstadmark, Norway. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES). ISSN 1755-1307. 1523(1). doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1523/1/012022. Full text in Research Archive
• Høgaas, Fredrik; Hansen, Anna Louise Alhed; Berthling, Ivar; Klug, Martin; Longva, Oddvar & Nannestad, Helle Daling [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Timing and maximum flood level of the Early Holocene glacial lake Nedre Glomsjø outburst flood, Norway. Boreas. ISSN 0300-9483. doi: 10.1111/bor.12615. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar; Berti, Claudio; Mancinelli, Vania; Stendardi, Laura; Piacentini, Tommaso & Miccadei, Enrico (2020). Analysis of the paraglacial landscape in the Ny-Ålesund area and Blomstrandøya (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway). Journal of Maps. 16(2), p. 818–833. doi: 10.1080/17445647.2020.1837684. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ice cover changes have affected the Svalbard Islands during the Quaternary and conditioned a complex paraglacial landscape. In these remote and poorly vegetated arctic areas, the integration of field investigations and analysis of aerial images and DTMs or terrestrial laser scanning, is effective in the understanding landscape features and changes. In this work, we present the results of a geomorphological investigation and mapping in two sites along the Kongsfjorden in NW Svalbard (Ny-Ålesund and Blomstrandøya). A specific analysis focused on the slope landforms along the rock slopes. The study is based on fieldwork that defined deposits and landforms distribution of areas with different bedrock and geomorphological context. The analysis of the rock slopes focused on weathering and erosion processes, estimating erosion rates of 0.15–0.37 mm/yr over the Holocene, consistent with other areas around the Kongsfjorden and close to the highest values found in arctic areas.

• Eriksen, Harald Øverli; Rouyet, Line; Lauknes, Tom Rune; Berthling, Ivar; Isaksen, Ketil & Hindberg, Heidi [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Recent acceleration of a rock glacier complex, Ádjet, Norway, documented by 62 years of remote sensing observations. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 45(16), p. 8314–8323. doi: 10.1029/2018GL077605. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Recent acceleration of rock glaciers is well recognized in the European Alps, but similar behavior is hardly documented elsewhere. Also, the controlling factors are not fully understood. Here we provide evidence for acceleration of a rock glacier complex in northern Norway, from 62 years of remote sensing data. Average annual horizontal velocity measured by aerial feature tracking increased from ~0.5 myr−1 (1954–1977) to ~3.6 myr−1 (2006–2014). Measured by satellite synthetic aperture radar offset-tracking, averages increased from ~4.9 to ~9.8 myr−1 (2009–2016) and maximum velocities from ~12 to ~69 myr−1. Kinematic analysis reveals different spatial-temporal trends in the upper and the lower parts of the rock glacier complex, suggesting progressive detachment of the faster front. We suggest that permafrost warming, topographic controls, and increased water access to deeper permafrost layers and internal shear zones can explain the kinematic behavior.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Etzelmüller, Bernd (2016). The changing cryosphere. In Beylich, Achim A.; Dixon, John C. & Zbigniew, Zwoliński (Ed.), Source-to-Sink Fluxes in Undisturbed Cold Environments. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 9781107068223. p. 13–29. Full text in Research Archive
• Kääb, Andreas; Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2014). Surface kinematics of periglacial sorted circles using structure-from-motion technology. The Cryosphere. ISSN 1994-0416. 8(3), p. 1041–1056. doi: 10.5194/tc-8-1041-2014. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sorted soil circles are a form of periglacial patterned ground that is commonly noted for its striking geometric regularity. They consist of an inner fine domain bordered by gravel rings that rise some decimetres above the fine domain. Field measurements and numerical modelling suggest that these features develop from a convection-like circulation of soil in the active layer of permafrost. The related cyclic burial and exhumation of material is believed to play an important role in the soil carbon cycle of high latitudes. The connection of sorted circles to permafrost conditions and its changes over time make these ground forms potential palaeoclimatic indicators. In this study, we apply for the first time photogrammetric structure-from-motion technology (SfM) to large sets of overlapping terrestrial photos taken in August 2007 and 2010 over three sorted circles at Kvadehuksletta, western Spitsbergen. We retrieve repeat digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimages with millimetre resolution and precision. Changes in microrelief over the 3 yr are obtained from DEM differencing and horizontal displacement fields from tracking features between the orthoimages. In the fine domain, surface material moves radially outward at horizontal rates of up to ~2 cm yr-1. The coarse stones on the inner slopes of the gravel rings move radially inward at similar rates. A number of substantial deviations from this overall radial symmetry, both in horizontal displacements and in microrelief, shed new light on the spatio-temporal evolution of sorted soil circles, and potentially of periglacial patterned ground in general.

• Kääb, Andreas; Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2014). Surface kinematics of periglacial sorted circles using Structure-from-Motion technology. The Cryosphere Discussions. 7, p. 6043–6074. doi: 10.5194/tcd-7-6043-2013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sorted soil circles are a conspicuous form of periglacial patterned ground. Numerical modelling suggests that these features develop from a convection-like circulation of material in the active layer of permafrost. The related iterative burying and resurfacing of material is believed to play an important role in the soil carbon cycle of high latitudes. The connection of sorted circles to permafrost conditions and its changes over time make these ground forms to a potential paleoclimatic indicator. In this study we apply the photogrammetric Structure-from-Motion technology (SfM) to large sets of overlapping terrestrial photos taken in Augusts 2007 and 2010 over three sorted circles at Kvadehuksletta, Western Spitsbergen. We retrieve repeat digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimages with millimetre-resolution and accuracy. Changes in microrelief over the three years are obtained from DEM-differencing and horizontal displacement fields from tracking features between the orthoimages. In the inner domains of the circles, consisting of fines, material moves radially outside with horizontal surface speeds of up to 2 cm yr−1. The outer circle ridges consist of coarse stones that displace towards the inner circle domain at similar rates. A number of substantial deviations from this overall radial symmetry, both in horizontal displacements and in microrelief, shed new light on the potential spatio-temporal evolution of sorted soil circles, and periglacial patterned ground in general.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). Skredfare i Norge i et fremtidig klima. In Bye, Linda Marie; Lein, Haakon & Rød, Jan Ketil (Ed.), Mot en farligere fremtid? Om klimaendringer, sårbarhet og tilpasning i Norge. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232101863. p. 69–88. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Schomacker, Anders & Benediktsson, Ívar Örn (2013). The Glacial and Periglacial Research Frontier: Where from Here? In Giardino, John R. & Harbor, Jonathan M. (Ed.), TREATISE ON GEOMORPHOLOGY VOL 8 GLACIAL AND PERIGLACIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY. Academic Press. ISSN 9780123983534. p. 479–499. Full text in Research Archive
• Rød, Jan Ketil; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Lujala, Paivi; Opach, Tomasz & Vatne, Geir (2013). Beregning og kartlegging av steders sårbarhet for flom, skred og storm. In Bye, Linda Marie; Lein, Haakon & Rød, Jan Ketil (Ed.), Mot en farligere fremtid? Om klimaendringer, sårbarhet og tilpasning i Norge. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232101863. p. 91–108. Full text in Research Archive
• Rød, Jan Ketil; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Lein, Haakon; Lujala, Paivi; Vatne, Geir & Bye, Linda Marie (2012). Integrated vulnerability mapping for wards in Mid-Norway. Local Environment : the International Journal of Justice and Sustainability. ISSN 1354-9839. 17(6-7), p. 695–716. doi: 10.1080/13549839.2012.685879. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The future climate of Norway is expected to become “warmer, wetter, and wilder”, and it is anticipated that this will cause more extreme weather events. Local authorities therefore need to increase their ability to assess weather-related hazards such as flooding and landslide, as well as peoples’ capacities to cope with such events. Any evaluation of future vulnerability towards natural hazards should use today's situation as the baseline. In this article, we present this baseline: a vulnerability assessment for the present. Our vulnerability assessment incorporates both physical and social dimensions of vulnerability and screens Mid-Norway at the lowest administrative level. The results reveal a considerable geographic variation regarding vulnerability. The assessment identifies the most vulnerable localities within a municipality and could thus be relevant for the local authorities. By incorporating knowledge held by the local authorities, the vulnerability mapping could be made even more relevant.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2011). Beyond confusion: Rock glaciers as cryo-conditioned landforms. Geomorphology. ISSN 0169-555X. 131(3-4), p. 98–106. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Whether rock glaciers are permafrost creep features or may also be related to glaciers in non-permafrost environments, and whether they should be defined by genesis or appearance, have caused heated debate for several decades. This paper analyses the rock glacier debate from a theoretical viewpoint, in order to highlight and discuss underlying problems and with the aim of providing a common conceptual framework from which to proceed. It is suggested that the morphological rock glacier definition should be abandoned. A new genetic definition is proposed where permafrost is the primary condition, but where the deforming ice/debris may be of both glacial and periglacial origin.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Etzelmuller, Bernd (2011). The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution. Quaternary Research. ISSN 0033-5894. 75(2), p. 378–384. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.011. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Recent accounts suggest that periglacial processes are unimportant for large-scale landscape evolution and that true large-scale periglacial landscapes are rare or non-existent. The lack of a large-scale topographical fingerprint due to periglacial processes may be considered of little relevance, as linear process–landscape development relationships rarely can be substantiated. Instead, periglacial landscapes may be classified in terms of specific landform associations. We propose “cryo-conditioning”, defined as the interaction of cryotic surface and subsurface thermal regimes and geomorphic processes, as an overarching concept linking landform and landscape evolution in cold regions. By focusing on the controls on processes, this concept circumvents scaling problems in interpreting long-term landscape evolution derived from short-term processes. It also contributes to an unambiguous conceptualization of periglacial geomorphology. We propose that the development of several key elements in the Norwegian geomorphic landscape can be explained in terms of cryo-conditioning.

• Rød, Jan Ketil; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Lujala, Paivi; Vatne, Geir & Lein, Haakon (2010). Hvor sårbare er vi i Trøndelag for flom og skredhendelser? In Stene, Morten (Eds.), Forskning Trøndelag 2010. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 9788251925891. p. 145–162. Full text in Research Archive
• Beylich, Achim Alfred; Laute, Katja; Liermann, Susan; Hansen, Louise; Burki, Valentin & Vatne, Geir [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2009). Subrecent sediment dynamics and sediment budget of the braided sandur system at Sandane, Erdalen (Nordfjord, Western Norway). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. 63(2), p. 123–131. doi: 10.1080/00291950902907934. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A study was carried out of the subrecent sediment budget of a braided sandur system in a U-shaped valley linked to the Jostedalsbreen ice field in Nordfjord, in Western Norway. Special focus was on (i) the detection of different zones with negative, positive or balanced subrecent (following the Little Ice Age advance) sediment budget within the braided sandur system, (ii) the identification of sediment sources upstream of Sandane and from the slope systems to both sides of the braided sandur system, and (iii) the analysis of the subrecent sediment budget of the entire Sandane system. A combination of methods was applied in the analysis. The upstream part of Sandane was found to be characterised by a negative subrecent sediment balance, with erosion of coarse sediments from the Little Ice Age advance. In comparison, the downstream parts of Sandane have a balanced to slightly positive subrecent sediment budget, with formation of younger flood sediments and more stable channels. Thus, the subrecent sediment budget of Sandane appears to be slightly negative. Present-day coupling of slope and fluvial systems is limited and only a rather small amount of sediments is directly transported from the slopes into the braided sandur. In sum, fluvial sediment transport following the Little Ice Age period appears to be supply-limited.

• Vatne, Geir; Naas, Øyvind Takøy; Skårholen, Tommy; Beylich, Achim Alfred & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2008). Bed load transport in a steep snowmelt-dominated mountain stream as inferred from impact sensors. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. 62(2), p. 66–74. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The article reports results from bed load transport investigations using impact sensors in Vinstra, a steep snowmelt-dominated mountain stream in Central Norway. The impact sensors proved able to detect thresholds for bed load entrainment. With increasing discharges surpassing the threshold for entrainment, both the magnitude and variance in impact force increases, but also showing differing rating relationships on rising and falling flows. Substantial bed load transport was only observed during the snowmelt-dominated spring flood period and impact magnitude was observed on average to follow diurnal variations in discharge during the spring flood event, but with a clockwise hysteresis relationship.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Benjaminsen, Halfdan & Kvambekk, Ånund (2008). Mapping frazil ice conditions in rivers using ground penetrating radar. In Hauch, Christian & Kneisel, Christof (Ed.), Applied Geophysics in Periglacial Environments. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 9780521889667. p. 217–223. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Etzelmüller, Bernd; Farbrot, Herman; Isaksen, Ketil; Wåle, Morgan & Ødegård, Rune (2008). GPR soundings of rock glaciers on Svalbard. In Hauch, Christian & Kneisel, Christof (Ed.), Applied Geophysics in Periglacial Environments. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 9780521889667. p. 172–177. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Melvold, Kjetil (2008). Ground-penetrating radar. In Hauch, Christian & Kneisel, Christof (Ed.), Applied Geophysics in Periglacial Environments. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 9780521889667. p. 81–96. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Berthling, Ivar; Bjertnæs, Anne & Davidsen, Jan Grimsrud (2026). Debatt, Mjøsa | Forstår vi Mjøsa? Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mjøsa gir oss drikkevann, rekreasjonsmuligheter, naturmangfold, flomdemping, energi og en sterk regional identitet. Når mange hensyn skal balanseres må forvaltningen bli enda mer samordnet.

• Eriksen, Harald Øverli; Rouyet, Line; Lauknes, Tom Rune; Berthling, Ivar; Isaksen, Kjetil & Hindberg, Heidi [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Investigating a destabilized permafrost landform, Ádjet rock glacier, Norway: A multi-disciplinary remote sensing approach. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar (2017). Soil organic carbon content and age: case studies from Ny-Ålesund area, Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar; Jarrett, Linda Marleen R Kristiansen & Vatne, Geir (2017). Isfonner som arkiv for klima, kultur og naturhistorie. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar (2017). Field excursion Finse area. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar (2017). Periglacial creep and landscape development: going from the present to the past. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar (2017). Kryosfæren og klimaendringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar; Jarrett, Linda Marleen R Kristiansen; Vatne, Geir & Popovic, Radmil (2017). Glasiologisk, geomorfologisk og miljømessig betydning av isfonner. Full text in Research Archive
• Cyvin, Jakob Bonnevie; Rød, Jan Ketil; Midtaune, Kristiane; Fjær, Olav & Berthling, Ivar (2017). Spillbasert tilnærming til feltkurs ved multimedia narrativer. Full text in Research Archive
• Kääb, Andreas; Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2016). Surface kinematics of periglacial sorted circles over 8 years using SfM close range photogrammetry. Full text in Research Archive
• Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho; Kääb, Andreas & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2016). Surface kinematics of periglacial sorted circles over 8 years using SfM close-range photogrammetry. Full text in Research Archive
• Jarrett, Linda Marleen R Kristiansen; Berthling, Ivar; Vatne, Geir & Rubensdotter, Lena (2016). Paleoklimatiske undersøkelser fra isfonner. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2016). Understanding glacial archaeology. Adjacent Government. ISSN 2055-7612. p. 196–197. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar; Høgaas, Fredrik & Fredin, Ola (2016). A field perspective on the role of creep processes for development of high altitude low relief surfaces. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar; Jarrett, Linda Marleen R Kristiansen & Vatne, Geir (2016). Investigating Mass Balance of two Ice Patches in Southern Norway Using Terrestrial LIDAR Scanning. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2015). Passive margin high altitude low relief surfaces: old or new? Testing the glacial/periglacial buzzsaw hypothesis on the landscape of Southern Norway. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Low relief surfaces at relatively high altitude are a main characteristic of the landscape in Southern Norway. These surfaces have for more than a century been regarded as old surfaces, originally developed as low altitude peneplains and later tectonically uplifted during the Cenozoic (e.g. LidmarBergstrom et al., 2000). Recently, this standard model has been challenged by models suggesting more recent uplift from erosionally driven isostatic adjustments during Pliocene and Pleistocene (Nielsen et al., 2009) or also earlier (Goł˛edowski et al., 2013). These models differ in opinion as to how and when the surfaces actually have developed from denudational processes in increasingly colder climates, unconstrained by a common base level, but both a glacial and a periglacial ‘buzzsaw’ have been invoked. If this interpretation is correct, it provides an example of large-scale periglacial bedrock landscape development and further underlines the importance of cryo-conditioning for long-term landscape development (Berthling and Etzelmüller, 2011) and the interconnected role of earth surface processes in cold climates. According to (French, 2007), however, large scale periglacial landscapes are rare or non-existent. Testing the periglacial ‘buzzsaw’ is therefore important, both for addressing the potential general long-term effects of periglacial processes on landscape development, and specifically to evaluate the mentioned models for Cenozoic landscape development. Here, we assess both the standard model and the glacial/periglacial ‘buzzsaw’ hypotheses on the Southern Norway landscape development, based on available field relationships. The periglacial ‘buzzsaw’ involves two aspects: sediment production by frost weathering, and sediment transport by periglacial mass wasting, i.e. solifluction and/or permafrost creep. Several studies evaluate frost weathering at the landscape scale, but periglacial mass wasting – especially regarding solifluction – has mainly been investigated on local scales. We test the periglacial ‘buzzsaw’ by spatial and temporal upscaling from current periglacial solifluction landforms and process rates. Berthling, I., and Etzelmüller, B., 2011, The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution: Quaternary Research, v. 75, no. 2, p. 378-384. French, H. M., 2007, The Periglacial Environment, John Wiley & Sons, 458 pp Goł˛edowski, B., Egholm, D. L., Nielsen, S. B., Clausen, O. R., and McGregor, E. D., 2013, Cenozoic erosion and flexural isostasy of Scandinavia: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 70, p. 49-57. LidmarBergstrom, K., Ollier, C. D., and Sulebak, J. R., 2000, Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway: Global and Planetary Change, v. 24, no. 3-4, p. 211-231. Nielsen, S. B., Gallagher, K., Leighton, C., Balling, N., Svenningsen, L., Jacobsen, B. H., Thomsen, E., Nielsen, O. B., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Egholm, D. L., Summerfield, M. A., Clausen, O. R., Piotrowski, J. A., Thorsen, M. R., Huuse, M., Abrahamsen, N., King, C., and Lykke-Andersen, H., 2009, The evolution of western Scandinavian topography: A review of Neogene uplift versus the ICE (isostasy-climate-erosion) hypothesis: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 47, no. 2-3, p. 72-95.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2015). Carbon dynamics and geomorphic processes in a warming Arctic. Adjacent Government. ISSN 2055-7612. p. 256–257. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Hallet, Bernard & Sletten, Ronald S. (2014). Soil organic carbon and content and age: case studies from Ny-Ålesund area, Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2014). Knocking on heavens door? Fjellkjedehøyde, kryogeomorfologi og klimaendringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Etzelmuller, Bernd (2014). Glacier/permafrost interaction, alpine landscape development and paleic surfaces. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Glacier/permafrost interaction, alpine landscape development and paleic surfaces Berthling, Ivar1; Etzelmüller, Bernd 1Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; ivar.berthling@svt.ntnu.no 2 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; bernde@geo.uio.no The high-altitude low relief surfaces of southern Norway are traditionally explained by ancient peneplanation and more recent uplift (e.g. Lidmar Bergström et al., 2000), and survival during Pleistocene glaciations under cold-based ice (Fjellanger and Sørbel, 2007). This account is defied by a model where a glacial buzzsaw effect as well as periglacial and fluvial processes have shaped these surfaces (Nielsen et al., 2009). In some areas, they coexist with alpine landscape and blockfields. We show that field relationships between these elements challenge both models. A glacial buzzsaw origin implies that blockfields postdate erosion; however blockfield distribution is at odds with climate and weathering regimes. A preglacial blockfield origin and subsequent preservation beneath cold based ice is the common interpretation (e.g. Strømsøe and Paasche, 2011). Conversely, if cold-based ice sheets protected pre-glacial surfaces and sediments, why not the glacial sediments related to cirque erosion in the same areas? Permafrost/glacier interactions may explain this paradox. Ground ice will respond to the stresses of a growing glacier above it by deformation, which may cause large-scale sediment deformation and entrainment. This is conceptualized as cryo-conditioned landscape development (Berthling & Etzelmüller 2011). Berthling, I. and Etzelmuller, B., 2011. The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution. Quaternary Research 75, 378-384. DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.011 Fjellanger, J. and Sørbel, L., 2007. Origin of the palaeic landforms and glacial impact on the Varanger Peninsula, northern Norway: Norwegian Journal of Geology 87, p. 223-238. Lidmar Bergström, K. et al., 2000. Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway: Global and Planetary Change 24, p. 211-231. Nielsen, S. B., et al., 2009. The evolution of western Scandinavian topography: A review of Neogene uplift versus the ICE (isostasy-climate-erosion) hypothesis: Journal of Geodynamics 47, p. 72-95. Strømsøe, J. R., and Paasche, O., 2011, Weathering patterns in high-latitude regolith: Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, 116.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). Skred! Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). Breer og landskap: floskler og paradokser. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). Skred! Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). Breer og Landskap: floskler og paradokser. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). The Norwegian Physical Landscape. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristiansen, Linda; Vatne, Geir & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2012). Glacier or snowpatch. Full text in Research Archive
• Vatne, Geir; Kristiansen, Linda & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2012). A glaciological explanation to the spatial distribution of snow patch finds in Central Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Etzelmuller, Bernd (2012). The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution - Response to comments by Wojciech Dobinski. Quaternary Research. ISSN 0033-5894. 77(1), p. 213–213. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.09.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2012). Rock Glaciers. Full text in Research Archive
• Callanan, Martin Eugene; Skar, Birgitte; Vatne, Geir; Solli, Brit; Peacock, Elizabeth E. & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2012). SPARC-Snow Patch Archaeological Research Cooperation. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Fredin, Ola & Vatne, Geir (2012). Lateral debris accumulations above the glacial equilibrium line altitude: lateral moraines or talus landforms? Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Juliussen, Håvard (2012). Geophysical investigations of a pebbly rock glacier, Kapp Linné, Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive
• Larsen, Wenche; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Vatne, Geir (2012). Slope-channel coupling and fluvial sediment transfer in a steep mountain river, Oppdal, Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2011). Skred. Full text in Research Archive
• Brun, Cathrine & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2011). Scaling climate change across the great divide – the beginning of a conversation. Full text in Research Archive
• Etzelmuller, Bernd & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2011). Cryo-conditioning of landform and landscape development - suggestions and examples from northern Europe. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2011). Framtidens klima i Trøndelag. [Radio]. NRK Trøndelag . Full text in Research Archive
• Etzelmuller, Bernd & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Glacier-permafrost interaction and cryogenic conditioning– its role for geomorphological processes and landform development. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). General morphometric description of solifluction lobes. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Skred! Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Student for en dag. [Journal]. Adresseavisen. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Vatne, Geir (2010). Gaula graver. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Kan vi stole på ekspertene? Full text in Research Archive
• Callanan, Martin Eugene; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Vatne, Geir; Skinner, Lucy Anne; Airola, Leena Aulikki & Foosnæs, Kristin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). 'All under One Roof'- Multidisciplinary Snow Patch Research at NTNU. Full text in Research Archive
• Callanan, Martin Eugene; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Vatne, Geir (2010). Fonn og bre. Spor. ISSN 0801-5376. p. 36–38. Full text in Research Archive
• Kääb, Andreas & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Particle movement on sorted circles measured from repeat terrestrial photos. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Field measurements of river cross profiles using surveying equipment. NGF Abstracts and Proceedings of the Geological Society of Norway. p. 23–26. Full text in Research Archive
• Brun, Cathrine & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Scaling climate change across the great divide - the beginning of a conversation. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Vatne, Geir (2010). Field measurements of river cross profiles using surveying equipment. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Permafrost. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2009). Rock glaciers: controversies and controls. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2009). Global oppvarming: Hvor står vi, hvor går vi, hva møter vi? Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2009). Landet blir til. Norges geologi. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. 63(4), p. 275–275. doi: 10.1080/00291950903368474. Full text in Research Archive
• Lein, Haakon; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Brun, Cathrine; Rød, Jan Ketil & Vatne, Geir (2009). A conceptual model of the geography of social vulnerability, environmental hazards and climate change. Full text in Research Archive
• Lein, Haakon; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Brun, Cathrine; Rød, Jan Ketil & Vatne, Geir (2009). A conceptual model of the geography of social vulnerability, environmental hazards and climate change. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES). ISSN 1755-1307. 6. doi: 10.1088/1755-1307/6/44/442007. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2009). Landforms and processes. An introduction to the natural geographic theme. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. 63(4), p. 275–276. doi: 10.1080/00291950903368466. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2009). Frost og permafrost. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Juliussen, Håvard (2008). DC Resistivity Soundings Across A Pebbly Rock Glacier, Kapp Linné, Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Recently, Ikeda & Matsuoka (2006) have drawn attention towards what they call ‘pebbly’ rock glaciers that differ from ‘bouldery’ rock glaciers both with respect to lithological content, mean size of clasts and rock glacier dimensions. The present paper reports on pebbly rock glaciers close to Isfjord Radio on Kapp Linné, Svalbard, and their internal structure based on a detailed DC resistivity profiling campaign. A working hypothesis is proposed for their development. Kapp Linné is located on the northern part of the coast of Nordenskiølds land, western Svalbard (Fig. 1). The pebbly rock glaciers have developed along Griegaksla at the transition between talus slopes and the strandflat area, a topographical position similar to that of the rock glaciers on Prins Karls Forland (Berthling et al. 1998, 2007) and rock glaciers further south on the coast of Nordenskiølds land (Kääb et al 2002, Farbrot et al. 2005). The western flank of Griegaksla is composed of phyllitic bedrock that weathers to matrix-supported highly frost-susceptible debris. The lower part of the mountain wall is covered by talus deposits that in some cases have developed into small rock glaciers. The DC resistivity measurements where carried out in July 2007 on the largest of these rock glaciers (Fig. 1), as part of the IPY project ‘Permafrost Observatory Project: A Contribution to the Thermal State of Permafrost in Norway and Svalbard (TSP Norway)’. The investigated rock glacier is from 50 to 100 m long and has a frontal slope with a height of about 30 m. We used ABEM equipment, with an alongslope electrode spacing of 10 m. Spacing between resistivity lines were 10 m (profiles 1-7) and 20 m (profile 7-8). We also collected a resistivity profile along a neighbouring talus slope and a profile across the talus (Fig. 1). The topography of all profiles was established using differential GPS. The resistivities are highest in the talus cone, while on the rock glacier itself resistivity decreases (Fig. 2). On the northern part of the rockglacier (profile 7-8) higher resistivity reach further down into the rock glaciers. The northern part of the rock glacier is longer, lack an inner depression and does not display a very sharp transition between rock glacier surface and front. Resistivities in talus areas outside of the rock glacier system are lower, but comparable to that of the rock glacier itself. Discussion and conclusions The results obtained underline the importance of processes operating in talus slopes for the development of rock glaciers. The environmental conditions along Griegaksla are fairly similar, and it is a question why rock glaciers have only developed along parts of the more or less continuous talus sheet found here. However, it seems to be a pattern that these rock glaciers are developed beneath areas where the talus slope is shorter than elsewhere. One possible explanation is that a larger and more active talus slope, including snow avalanche and debris flow processes, will tend to erode the upper part of the talus cone and transport debris to its lower part. This will set up a tendency for melting at the bottom of the active layer, inhibiting accumulations of segregation ice beneath the active layer, while at the same time lowering shear stresses within the talus cone. On a less active talus, especially one composed of frost-susceptible debris, the potential for water migration into the permafrost, segregation ice development and aggradation of permafrost will be higher.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2008). Presentasjon av naturgeografi ved NTNU. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Etzelmüller, Bernd (2008). On the concept of periglacial landscape development. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Landscapes where periglacial conditions have been present during extended time periods do not seem to have specific topographic similarities at large spatial scales. They range from high-relief alpine landscapes to plains. According to French (2007), only mesoscale topography is distinctively periglacial. This might seem to imply that periglacial processes are unimportant for large-scale landscape evolution, a view that was highlighted and supported by André (2003) in a paper with the probably deliberate provocative title “Do periglacial landscapes evolve under periglacial conditions?”. In the present paper, we will claim that periglacial conditions may indeed be important for long-term landscape evolution. There are two main arguments for this claim. First, we object to the view that the lack of specific large-scale topography as a landscape development “end product” is a relevant criteria for determining the importance of periglacial conditions. Rather, this should be determined by discussing the relative importance of periglacial conditions within the sediment production, transport and deposition chains. We approach this by analysing the development of some large-scale landscape elements of Norway that we consider as essentially periglacial. Second, papers discussing periglacial landscape development are occupied mainly with specific periglacial processes. Following partly from our first argument, the importance of periglacial conditions is much broader that this, as periglacial processes and conditions interact with and control or modify the effects of also other surface processes - both in time and space. This, we demonstrate by discussing the partial reshaping of the Norwegian “paleic surface” (Reusch 1900) by glacial processes during the Quaternary. In our view, this partial reshaping can only be understood by considering how periglacial conditions, especially the presence of permafrost, have interacted with glacial processes. Thus, despite the existence of numerous both obviously glacial landforms as well as inherited landforms, we will argue that this landscape is basically periglacial, as permafrost conditions is a prerequisite to understand the development (or lack of development) of this landscape. We propose the term thermal conditioning of landscape development to account for this effect of periglacial conditions on both azonal surface processes and glacial processes.

• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2008). On the concept of periglacial landscape development. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2008). Undervisning tilknyttet det internasjonale polaråret (IPY): Eksempler fra prosjektet "Thermal state of Permafrost - Norway". Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Juliussen, Håvard (2008). 3D resistivity of a rock glacier at Kapp Linné, Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive
• Skar, Birgitte; Rosvold, Jørgen; Berthling, Ivar; Callanan, Martin; Dahle, Kristoffer & Finstad, Espen [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Glasialarkeologi i Norge. NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet. ISSN 9788283223095. Full text in Research Archive
• Potthoff, Kerstin; Berthling, Ivar; Fløysand, Arnt & Turner, Catriona (2017). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, Vol. 71, No. 1, March 2017. Taylor & Francis. Full text in Research Archive
• Potthoff, Kerstin; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Jones, Michael & Turner, Catriona (2016). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, Vol. 70, No. 2, May 2016. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive
• Potthoff, Kerstin; Lund, Ragnhild; Lundberg, Anders; Jones, Michael; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Turner, Catriona (2015). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, Vol. 69, No. 5, December 2015. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive
• Potthoff, Kerstin; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Jones, Michael; Lund, Ragnhild & Turner, Catriona (2015). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, Vol. 69, No. 1, March 2015. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive
• Gabrielsen, Stine & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2015). Glasialgeomorfologisk studie av en liten isfonn/bre. NTNU Trondheim. Full text in Research Archive
• Slåke, Lars Løkeland & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2015). En studie om opphavet til landformer ved den kalde ismassen Storbrean. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This thesis considers the development of landforms observed in front of the icemass Storbrean on the Dovre plateau. Storbrean is located on permafrost, consist of cold ice, and have zero surface velocity. Still the forms resemble glacier striae, flutings and chatter marks which require sliding at the glacier – bed interface and materials in the ice to abrade and deposit. This raises the question of the origin of these forms, are they actively created below Storbrean today or are they relict? And if they are relict then how were they created? The thesis does especially focus on the possibility of a subglacial origin, and what subglacial conditions would be required to glacially create the forms observed. Through field observations and investigations of relevant theory the thesis concludes that it’s likely the landforms were created below a polythermal glacier and that Storbrean is not actively contributing to landform development today.

• Jones, Michael; Lundberg, Anders; Lund, Ragnhild; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Turner, Catriona (2014). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, vol. 68, no. 1 (February 2014). Taylor & Francis. Full text in Research Archive
• Rummel, Benno & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). Investigation of Landsat satellite image change detection of snow and ice cover: A seasonal and multi annual time scale approach to evaluate this technique as a tool for water resource management. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  94 Landsat Satellite images were analyzed regarding snow cover and perennial snow or ice patches in the mountains close to Oppdal. Special attention was paid to the ablation period. The Landsat scenes were processed and analyzed with ERDAS Imagine. Detailed analysis was conducted in ESRI ArcGIS. The study aimed to analyze the temporal development of snow cover distribution in the study area. Of particular interest were perennial snow or ice patches as they might indicate climate change in the study area and because of their little researched character. The gathered infor-mation regarding the snow cover might be used to adjust existing management tools and strat-egies. The snow cover was detected with the normalized differential snow index (NDSI) and a fixed threshold. It was a goal to develop a robust process that had the potential to be applied auto-matically. For detailed analysis the binary snow cover map was further used in GIS. It was applied together with a digital elevation model (DEM) to increase the level of information. Landsat proved to be suitable to map the snow cover extent in the study area. The NDSI proved its reliability and it is possible to use it in an automated process. The analysis with change detection techniques revealed large losses in area covered by peren-nial snow patches. The average loss for selected snow patches was 55%. Snow patches are usually located on the east facing slope of mountains, with variations towards north- or south-east. Finally snow cover is disintegrating in a similar pattern each year. As a recommendation for water resource management in the area two things must be men-tioned: climate change is altering the snow cover towards the end of the ablation season and the snow cover is disintegrating in similar patterns. Therefore this information can be incorpo-rated in existing management tools. Keywords: Natural resource management; remote sensing; normalized differential snow in-dex, NDSI, Landsat, Oppdal, snow patch, ice patch, snow cover detection, change detection

• Kristiansen, Jørn & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). Fra natur til kart: Veien til 3D-modellering av en isfonn ved hjelp av GIS og geofysiske metoder. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A 3D-model of different geomorphological objects has become a more common way of portraying nature in recent years. Generating 3D-models of objects of this kind reveals different attributes such as spatial orientation, internal structures, and volume. The model gives its observer a unique opportunity to navigate around the spatial range, and even highlight certain areas of the case study for further scrutiny. The user is able to "peel" away the different layers and thereby be left with individual elements which would be otherwise difficult to obtain. This thesis shows how a model of this kind can be made using geophysical instruments as GPR (ground penetrating radar) and RTK (real time kinematic) GPS to perform different surveys for both the external and internal structures of the ice patch. This data will then be used for processing in ESRI's geographic information systems. The aim of this thesis is to focus attention on the workflow needed to develop a 3D-model; from fieldwork and processing, to results and visualization of the ice patch and its different layers in 3D.

• Rognstad, Anne Johanne & Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2013). En massebalansestudie av to arkeologiske isfonner i Oppdalsområdet. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The focus of this thesis is on the mass balance of two ice patches, Kringsollfonna and Evighetsfonna, in the area of Oppdal where archeological finds have been made. Archeological artifacts preserved within the ice patches and dating back as far as 3500 years BP have led to an interest among glaciologists, as these discoveries indicate that the ice patches have existed for a similar amount of time. The fact that the ice patches are found in periglacial areas, well below regional ELA, raises questions about processes related to their stable mass balance over time. In this study, the mass balance is measured through field studies, probing, snow density measurements and differential-GPS measurements over one mass balance season. The winter and summer balance is also modeled by the HBV-model, which is used as a basis of comparison for mass balance measurements and to analyze differences between mass balance seasons. The year 2012 was a positive mass balance season due to high levels of snowfall and the redistribution of snow. By analyzing the modeled and measured winter balance, the importance of the wind effect on snow accumulation is found, and shows a higher local accumulation on the ice patches than the estimated regional snowfall itself. In this sense, local terrain parameters and wind are crucial for accumulation on the ice patches, and the accumulation occurring over winter seems to be the most important factor for positive and stable mass balance. The ice patches differ in accumulation and the ablation patterns; the Kringsollfonna patch has qualities which are more closely related to the definition of an ice patch, whereas the Evighetsfonna patch is more characteristic of a small glacier.

• Lundberg, Anders; Jones, Michael; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Lund, Ragnhild & Turner, Catriona E (2012). Norsk geografisk Tidsskrift, Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 66, 2, April 2012. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive
• Lundberg, Anders; Jones, Michael; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Lund, Ragnhild & Turner, Catriona E (2012). Norsk geografisk Tidsskrift, Norwegian Journal of Geography, Vol. 66, 3, June 2012. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive
• Jones, Michael; Lundberg, Anders; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Turner, Catriona E (2012). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 66, No. 1, February 2012. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Lundberg, Anders & Jones, Michael (2010). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 64, No. 2, June 2010. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Full text in Research Archive
• Berthling, Ivar Thoralf (2010). Fieldguide for excursions EUCOP III Svalbard, Norway 13-18 June 2010. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelser. Full text in Research Archive
• Jones, Michael; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf & Lundberg, Anders (2009). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 63, No. 4, December 2009. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive
• Jones, Michael; Berthling, Ivar Thoralf; Lundberg, Anders & Turner, Catriona E (2008). Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, Vol. 62, No. 4, December 2008. Routledge. Full text in Research Archive

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