Gunnar Rye Bergersen

• Sjøberg, Dag & Bergersen, Gunnar Rye (2022). Construct validity in software engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. ISSN 0098-5589. doi: 10.1109/TSE.2022.3176725.
• Jørgensen, Magne; Bergersen, Gunnar R. & Liestøl, Knut (2021). Relations between Effort Estimates, Skill Indicators, and Measured Programming Skill. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. ISSN 0098-5589. 47(12), p. 2892–2906. doi: 10.1109/TSE.2020.2973638.
• Feldt, robert; Zimmermann, Thomas; Bergersen, Gunnar R.; Falessi, Davide; Jedlitschka, Andreas & Juristo, Natalia [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Four commentaries on the use of students and professionals in empirical software engineering experiments. Empirical Software Engineering. ISSN 1382-3256. 23(6), p. 3801–3820. doi: 10.1007/s10664-018-9655-0. Show summary

  The relative pros and cons of using students or practitioners in experiments in empirical software engineering have been discussed for a long time and continue to be an important topic. Following the recent publication of “Empirical software engineering experts on the use of students and professionals in experiments” by Falessi, Juristo, Wohlin, Turhan, Münch, Jedlitschka, and Oivo (EMSE, February 2018) we received a commentary by Sjøberg and Bergersen. Given that the topic is of great methodological interest to the community and requires nuanced treatment, we invited two editorial board members, Martin Shepperd and Per Runeson, respectively, to provide additional views

• Lindsjørn, Yngve; Bergersen, Gunnar R.; Dingsøyr, Torgeir & Sjøberg, Dag (2018). Teamwork Quality and Team Performance: Exploring Differences Between Small and Large Agile Projects. In Garbajosa, Juan; Wang, Xiaofeng & Aguiar, Ademar (Ed.), Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, 19th International Conference, XP 2018, Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-91601-9. p. 267–274. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91602-6_19. Full text in Research Archive
• Stray, Viktoria; Moe, Nils Brede & Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2017). Are Daily Stand-up Meetings Valuable? A Survey of Developers in Software Teams. In Baumeister, Hubert; Lichter, Horst & Riebisch, Matthias (Ed.), Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, 18th International Conference, XP 2017, Cologne, Germany, May 22-26, 2017, Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-57633-6. p. 274–281. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-57633-6_20. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindsjørn, Yngve; Sjøberg, Dag; Dingsøyr, Torgeir; Bergersen, Gunnar R. & Dybå, Tore (2016). Teamwork Quality and Project Success in Software Development: A Survey of Agile Development Teams. Journal of Systems and Software. ISSN 0164-1212. 122, p. 274–286. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.028. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Small, self-directed teams are central in agile development. This article investigates the effect of team- work quality on team performance, learning and work satisfaction in agile software teams, and whether this effect differs from that of traditional software teams. A survey was administered to 477 respondents from 71 agile software teams in 26 companies and analyzed using structural equation modeling. A posi- tive effect of teamwork quality on team performance was found when team members and team leaders rated team performance. In contrast, a negligible effect was found when product owners rated team per- formance. The effect of teamwork quality on team members ́learning and work satisfaction was strongly positive, but was only rated by the team members. Despite claims of the importance of teamwork in ag- ile teams, this study did not find teamwork quality to be higher than in a similar survey on traditional teams. The effect of teamwork quality on team performance was only marginally greater for the agile teams than for the traditional teams.

• Sjøberg, Dag; Bergersen, Gunnar R. & Dybå, Tore (2016). Why Theory Matters. In Menzies, Tim; Williams, Laurie & Zimmermann, Thomas D. (Ed.), Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering. Elsevier. ISSN 9780128042069. p. 29–33. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804206-9.00006-4.
• Dybå, Tore; Bergersen, Gunnar R. & Sjøberg, Dag (2016). Evidence-Based Software Engineering. In Menzies, Tim; Williams, Laurie & Zimmermann, Thomas D. (Ed.), Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering. Elsevier. ISSN 9780128042069. p. 149–153. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804206-9.00029-5.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R.; Sjøberg, Dag & Dybå, Tore (2014). Construction and Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Programming Skill. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. ISSN 0098-5589. 40(12), p. 1163–1184. doi: 10.1109/TSE.2014.2348997. Show summary

  Skilled workers are crucial to the success of software development. The current practice in research and industry for assessing programming skills is mostly to use proxy variables of skill, such as education, experience, and multiple-choice knowledge tests. There is as yet no valid and efficient way to measure programming skill. The aim of this research is to develop a valid instrument that measures programming skill by inferring skill directly from the performance on programming tasks. Over two days, 65 professional developers from eight countries solved 19 Java programming tasks. Based on the developers' performance, the Rasch measurement model was used to construct the instrument. The instrument was found to have satisfactory (internal) psychometric properties and correlated with external variables in compliance with theoretical expectations. Such an instrument has many implications for practice, for example, in job recruitment and project allocation.

• Bergersen, Gunnar R. & Sjøberg, Dag (2012). Evaluating Methods and Technologies in Software Engineering with Respect to Developers’ Skill Level. In Mendes, Emilia & Genero, Marcela (Ed.), Proceedings, 16th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering. IET Research Journals . ISSN 978-1-84919-541-6. p. 101–110.
• Bergersen, Gunnar; Hannay, Jo Erskine; Sjøberg, Dag; Dybå, Tore & Karahasanovic, Amela (2011). Inferring Skill from Tests of Programming Performance: Combining Time and Quality, Proceedings of International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM). IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-4577-2203-5. p. 305–314. doi: 10.1109/esem.2011.39.
• Bergersen, Gunnar & Gustafsson, Jan-Eric (2011). Programming Skill, Knowledge, and Working Memory Among Professional Software Developers from an Investment Theory Perspective. Journal of Individual Differences. ISSN 1614-0001. 32(4), p. 201–209. doi: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000052.

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• Gjelsten, Børge Kile; Bergersen, Gunnar R.; Sjøberg, Dag & Cutts, Quintin (2021). No Gender Difference in CS1 Grade for Students with Programming from High School: An Exploratory Study . Show summary

  Programming is an increasingly important skill in the 21st century. Therefore, many education systems internationally offer non-compulsory programming (NCP) courses during high school years. Aim. Our goal is to study the effect of NCP on first-semester student performance in CS1. Because interest in computing is more often associated with men than women, we also want to study gender differences. Method. A total of 232 students from a Norwegian university were involved in the study. High school grades from the public student registry were analysed together with questionnaire data and the CS1 grade. Results. The students with NCP performed significantly better in CS1 than those without (average grade 4.4 vs. 3.6, where A, B, ..., F is coded as 5, 4, ..., 0). For women the difference in performance with and without NCP was 4.4 vs. 3.2, for men it was 4.4 vs. 3.8. Conclusion. This study shows that for students with NCP, the notorious gender difference in CS1 performance was absent. The other results merit further considerations regarding mathematics and science backgrounds, grades, prior experience, and self-efficacy.

• Mirmotahari, Omid; Bergersen, Gunnar Rye; Berg, Yngvar; Bråthen, Kristin & Eliassen, Kristin Broch (2019). Framework for Pupil-to-Student Transition, Learning Environment and Semester Start for First-Year Students. In Pappas, Ilias; Mikalef, Patrick; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia; Krogstie, John & Mäntymäki, Matti (Ed.), Digital Transformation for a Sustainable Society in the 21st Century. 18th IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society, I3E 2019, Trondheim, Norway, September 18–20, 2019, Proceedings. Springer Publishing Company. ISSN 978-3-030-29374-1. p. 128–139. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39634-3_12.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2017). State of the art in skill testing of developers.
• Brombach, Harald & Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2017). Mange programmerere misliker tavleintervjuer. Men fungerer de? [Journal]. Digi.no.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2016). Data science—A subjective introduction to a large topic.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2016). Ready for the 21st century jobs? Increasing realism, relevance, and rigour in the assessment of programming skills. Show summary

  A natural consequence of the sharp growth of available data in today’s society is that programming skills are increasingly becoming more important for many types of jobs. This talk starts with outlining results from a collaboration with professor Jan-Eric Gustafsson on summative evaluations of professional developers in the global ICT industry. Through backwards tracing, I attempt to outline the steps needed to achieve more realistic, relevant, and rigorous formative assessments of programming students in the future.

• Tobiassen, Markus; Bergersen, Gunnar R. & Sjøberg, Dag (2016). Ser butikk i it-flauser. [Newspaper]. Dagens Næringsliv.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2016). Why companies fail at evaluating developers.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2015). Evaluering av utviklere og leverandører ved bruk av realistiske programmeringsoppgaver: Resultater fra forskningen. Show summary

  Bruken av realistiske programmeringsoppgaver til å evaluere utvikleres evner til å utvikle IT-løsninger er mye anvendt internasjonalt, men ikke i Norge. Presentasjonen tar utgangspunkt i hva som er kjent om individuelle ferdigheter innen programmering og relaterer dette til gruppe- og leverandørevalueringer. Gunnar Bergersen er daglig leder i Technebies og forsker ved Universitetet i Oslo. I Technebies har han de tre siste årene jobbet med evaluering av utviklere innen outsourcing. Technebies er basert på forsking utført ved Simula Research Laboratory og Universitetet i Oslo siden 2005 og er spesialisert på bruken av høyrealistiske programmeringsoppgaver i en evalueringssammenheng.

• Bergersen, Gunnar & Hannay, Jo Erskine (2010). Detecting learning and fatigue effects by inspection of person-item residuals.
• Bergersen, Gunnar (2010). Combining time and correctness in the scoring of performance on items.
• Sabir, Uzma; Sahay, Sundeep & Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2017). Cross-border software development of health information system: A case study on project between India and Pakistan based on open source software. Institutt for Informatikk, UiO.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R. (2017). Cross-border software development of health information system: A case study on project between India and Pakistan based on open source software. Institutt for Informatikk, UiO.
• Bergersen, Gunnar R.; Sjøberg, Dag & Dybå, Tore (2015). Measuring programming skill. Akademika forlag. ISSN 1501-7710.

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