Plain Language Summary
In ultrasound time-harmonic elastography, the goal is to estimate tissue stiffness, an important indicator for many diseases. Shear waves are induced using an external vibrator and tracked with an ultrasound probe, and their propagation through the tissue is used to estimate stiffness. Standard methods process the data directly and often require separating waves by direction, which can reduce image quality. In this work, we use instead a physics-based model to simulate how waves travel through the tissue and fit this model to the data using Full Waveform Inversion framework. Tests on simulated data show improved accuracy and stability compared to standard methods.
Abstract
Objective. In ultrasound time-harmonic elastography, tissue elasticity is estimated from the ultrasound-measured shear-wave displacement fields, generated by an external vibrator. Commonly used techniques to map from the ultrasound pulse-echo data to tissue elasticity maps, such as the phase-gradient and local-frequency estimation methods, base their estimates on a set of displacement field data and do not involve direct numerical modeling of the underlying shear-wave propagation. In the current proof-of-concept study, the objective is to develop a Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) approach to ultrasound-based time-harmonic elastography, providing a physics-driven framework for improved tissue elasticity estimation. Approach. FWI is a methodology commonly applied in geophysics. It relies on simulating the wave propagation and scattering in heterogeneous media to model the intricate relationship between the observed wavefield and the propagation medium properties. Our FWI-based tissue-harmonic elastography approach is based on minimizing a cross-correlation based objective function that quantifies phase mismatches between measured and simulated shear waves. Results. Experiments on synthetic phantom data obtained from the fractional Kelvin-Voigt wave model demonstrate that our approach accurately reconstructs the shear wave speed of the medium, even in the presence of significant noise, and without relying on pre-filtering steps such as directional filtering, which selects waves based on their propagation direction. An improvement of approximately 0.4 m.s -1 within the inclusion region, compared to an established method, is observed for a noisy wavefield with decreasing signal-to-noise ratio, ranging from 20 to -10 dB from top to bottom of the ultrasound image. In addition, the reconstructed shear-wave speed map achieved a 50% reduction in standard deviation. Significance. This work demonstrates the potential for enhanced elasticity mapping using FWI-based reconstruction in time-harmonic elastography with prospective impacts for future clinical applications.
Citation
Boukraa, M. A., Karabiyik, Y., Austeng, A., Holm, S., & Näsholm, S. P. (2026). Proof of concept for full-waveform inversion in ultrasound time-harmonic shear-wave elastography. Physics in Medicine & Biology. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ae6af4 [Currently, the Journal provides the author-submitted accepted manuscript. The final typeset version will be available soon.]
Published under open access.
This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant DSTrain – Data Science Postdoctoral Training and agreement No. 101126636.
BibTeX record
@article{boukraa2026fwi,
author={Boukraa, Mohamed Aziz and Karabiyik, Yücel and Austeng, Andreas and Holm, Sverre and Näsholm, Sven Peter},
title={Proof of concept for full-waveform inversion in ultrasound time-harmonic shear-wave elastography},
journal={Physics in Medicine \& Biology},
doi={10.1088/1361-6560/ae6af4},
year={2026},
}