Temporal-Behaviour-Aware Fair Actionable Recourse

Actionable recourse provides individuals affected by an AI decision with recommendations for obtaining a more desirable outcome. Most existing formulations, however, implicitly treat recourse as an immediate and largely static intervention. In reality, many recommended actions require time.

Increasing income, gaining qualifications, reducing debt, building experience, or changing financial behaviour may take months or years. During this period, an individual's circumstances can change, the surrounding population can evolve, and the AI model itself may be retrained. Consequently, a recommendation that was feasible and effective when it was generated may no longer work when the individual is finally able to implement it.

These dynamics can also have important fairness implications. Different individuals or demographic groups may require different amounts of time or resources to implement the same recommendation. Repeated AI decisions and recourse interventions may therefore create feedback loops that gradually change the distribution of opportunities, resources, or outcomes across groups—even when individual recommendations initially appear reasonable.

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In this master's thesis, we will investigate actionable recourse and fairness as a dynamic process evolving over time, rather than evaluating recourse only at a single point in time.

A central part of the project will be the development of a simulation framework in which individuals follow behavioural trajectories after receiving recourse. Actions may occur gradually or with delays, while individual attributes, population distributions, resource constraints, and decision models evolve. This will make it possible to study both individual recourse success and longer-term group-level consequences.

The student may investigate when recourse becomes outdated, whether recommendations should be updated as circumstances change, and how repeated model retraining and feedback loops affect different groups. Another direction is to develop adaptive recourse, where recommendations are periodically reconsidered instead of being treated as one-time interventions.

Depending on the student's interests, the thesis may investigate questions such as:

  • How does delayed implementation affect the success of actionable recourse?
  • When does a previously valid recommendation become outdated?
  • How do behavioural changes and evolving circumstances affect recourse feasibility and cost?
  • Do different groups experience systematically different recourse costs, delays, or success rates?
  • How do repeated model retraining and recourse interventions influence fairness over time?
  • Can adaptive recourse maintain comparable opportunities and success rates across groups?
  • How can a simulator capture interactions among individuals, recourse strategies, resource constraints, feedback loops, and evolving data distributions?

The project combines machine learning, responsible AI, algorithmic fairness, actionable recourse, temporal modelling, and simulation, with a particular focus on understanding the long-term consequences of AI-assisted decisions.

Published Sep. 9, 2026 1:46 PM - Last modified Oct. 5, 2026 3:46 PM

Supervisor(s)

Scope (credits)

60