Pore-network models are convenient and useful descriptions for flow and transport processes in the pore space of porous media.
However, when exchange processes with the solid skeleton (which might be itself a porous medium on a different spatial scale) are of particular interest, new or extended model concepts become necessary.
We present two such approaches modelling two different situations:
(1) Mixed-dimensional embedded network models apply to systems, for which mass exchange between (tubular) transport networks on the embedding solid skeleton is a process of interest.
As particular requirement, the tube radius of the network should be (much) smaller than some average characteristic distance between network segments.
We demonstrate the use of such a model with an application to drug transport in vascularized tissue (brain tissue).
(2) Dual network models apply to systems for which pore space and solid skeleton have similar spatial structure and material properties.
We demonstrate the use of such a model with an application to heat transfer in porous media in a forced convection scenario (e.g. porous cooling devices).
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