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Time in this context means the time of use in an industrial process, whereas space means spatial resolution across shaped catalyst objects. This requires utilization of national and international research infrastructures. We have performed computed tomography X-ray diffraction at the European Synchrotron in Grenoble to reveal that the deactivation progresses gradually from the outside of the extrudate and inwards. Moreover, a substantial fraction of the inner volume of the catalyst is not utilized, thus providing a pathway for technological improvements.
Wragg, D. S., Kalantzopoulos, G. N., Pappas, D. K., Pinilla-Herrero, I., Rojo-Gama, D., Redekop, E., Di Michiel, M., Beato, P., Lundegaard, L. F. & Svelle, S. (2021). Mapping the coke formation within a zeolite catalyst extrudate in space and time by operando computed X-ray diffraction tomography. Journal of Catalysis, Volume 401, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2021.07.001.