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Schmiedel, Tobias & Galland, Olivier
(2018).
Dynamics of sub-volcanic systems in sedimentary basins and related mechanisms of host rock deformation.
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Schmiedel, Tobias & Galland, Olivier
(2018).
Dynamics of sub-volcanic systems in sedimentary basins and related mechanisms of host rock deformation.
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Galland, Olivier
(2018).
NRK - Nyhetsmorgen - Forkser Galland om volkanutbrudd.
[Radio].
NRK - Oslo.
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Schmiedel, Tobias & Galland, Olivier
(2018).
Dynamics of sub-volcanic systems in sedimentary basins and related mechanisms of host rock deformation.
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Schmiedel, Tobias & Galland, Olivier
(2018).
Dynamics of sub-volcanic systems in sedimentary basins and related mechanisms of host rock deformation.
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Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Galland, Olivier; Souche, Alban; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes & Zanella, Alain
(2018).
Dyke induced Quasi-2D deformation in a Coulomb brittle host – the influence of host strength on propagation and emplacement.
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Galland, Olivier & Sassier, Caroline
(2018).
The Puna Plateau: Treasures behind desolation.
GeoExpro.
ISSN 1744-8743.
15(4),
p. 34–37.
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Galland, Olivier; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Schmiedel, Tobias; Rogers, Benjamin David & Souche, Alban
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2018).
Are geodetic models physically relevant for understanding magma transport processes?
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Galland, Olivier
(2018).
The impacts of igneous intrusions on the Vaca Muerta Fm., Neuquén Basin, Argentina.
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Galland, Olivier; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Haug, Øystein Thorden; Souche, Alban & Schmiedel, Tobias
(2018).
Geomechanical modeling of fracturing and damage induced by Igneous Intrusions: implications for fluid flow in volcanic basins.
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Rabbel, Ole; Galland, Olivier; Mair, Karen; Lecomte, Isabelle & Spacapan, Juan Bautista
(2018).
Improving seismic interpretation of igneous sill complexes via seismic modelling.
Show summary
Seismic interpretation has been playing a key role in establishing the role of igneous sill complexes emplaced in organic-rich sediments on global climate change throughout geological history (e.g., Svensen et al. 2004, Aarnes et al. 2015): the heat brought by the sills to their organic-rich host leads to massive thermogenic generation of greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4), eventually catastrophically released to the atmosphere. Robust volume estimates of these greenhouse gases rely on robust estimates of magma volumes of the sill complexes, which require confident mapping of subsurface sill intrusions.
Large sills are easy to map in seismic data, because they create strong property contrasts, which cause high amplitude reflections. However, igneous sills vary strongly in thickness and up to 88 percent of the sills may be missing in the interpretation, since their thickness is below the seismic resolution limit (Schofield et al. 2015).
In this presentation, we present seismic modelling study designed to characterize typical seismic signatures (splitting, stepping, braided reflections) of thin intrusions, and to indicate potential ways to infer the shapes of thin intrusions in the seismic interpretation. Due to their anomalously high vp/vs ratio, intrusions cause a characteristic amplitude-vs-offset (AVO) response with high AVO intercept and gradient. Thus, we will highlight the great potential of using seismic pre-stack and offset data for the interpretation of thin intrusions. Our results indicate how seismic interpretation and thereby volume estimates of sill complexes can be significantly improved using data of relevant quality.
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Schmiedel, Tobias; Galland, Olivier; Haug, Øystein Thorden & Breitkreuz, Christoph
(2018).
How do sills become laccoliths? An answer from integrated laboratory and numerical modelling.
Show summary
Igneous intrusions in the upper brittle crust exhibit diverse shapes ranging from thin sheets (dykes, sills, cone sheets), to thick, massive intrusions (laccoliths, plutons, plugs). Presently, none of the established models of magma emplacement have the capability to simulate this diversity because they account for end member rheology of the host rocks (elastic, viscous or plastic), whereas natural rocks are complex elasto-plastic materials. We investigated the effects of host rock rheology on magma emplacement using scaled laboratory models. The model rocks were dry Coulomb granular materials of variable strength (cohesion). We show that strong (high-cohesion) host rock, results in the emplacement of thin, sheet intrusions (sills, cone sheets). Conversely, weak (low-cohesion) host rock results in the emplacement of massive intrusions (laccoliths, plugs). We integrate our laboratory results with numerical simulations to constrain the host rock deformation mechanism that accommodates magma emplacement in the experiments. Our results show how both sills and laccoliths result from initial thin sills that spread horizontally until triggering shear failure of the overburden at a critical radius. Two scenarios can then happen: (1) the overburden is cohesive enough and allows space opening in the sub-surface to accommodate viscous magma inflow along the failure planes, so sills evolve as sheets (saucer shape or cone sheets), or (2) the overburden is not cohesive enough and does not allow sub-surface space opening to accommodate viscous magma inflow along the failure planes, so the sill inflates and lifts up the overburden along shear zones to form a massive laccolith.
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Haug, Øystein Thorden; Galland, Olivier; Souloumiac, Pauline; Souche, Alban Jean-Rene; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster & Schmiedel, Tobias
(2018).
A new model for saucer-shaped intrusions: Shear failure versus tensile opening at sill tips.
Show summary
Sills with a characteristic saucer shape are common features in many sedimentary basins worldwide. Previous models of sill emplacement usually assume that pure elastic bending of the overburden of growing sills control their evolution to saucer shape. However, field observations show that significant shear damage also accommodate sill emplacement. To which extent such damage plays an active role on sill emplacement or not is not understood. To address this, we study the condition for shear failure and the distribution of damage in the overburden of sills using the limit analysis software Optum G2. Through a parameter study, we investigate the effect of the length-to-depth ratio (L/D) of the sill, the cohesion of the host rock and the emplacement depth on the over-pressure within the sill at failure. The results show that the characteristic saucer shape is ubiquitously reproduced using this approach (Haug et al, 2017). The over-pressure required for shear failure scales linearly with the host cohesion and as a power-law of L/D. From these observations, we propose a scaling law for a new shear failure criterion in the overburden of a sill. We compare our scaling law to an analytical solution of hydrofractures, and show that tensile tip propagation is favored for small sills, but overburden shear failure may become favorable for large sills. From these results, we suggest that sills initially grow laterally by tensile propagation until reaching a critical L*, when the overburden fails in shear, leading to the emplacement of saucer-shaped sill’s inclined sheets.
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Planke, Sverre; Millett, John; Jerram, Dougal Alexander; Senger, Kim; Galland, Olivier & Schmid, Daniel Walter
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Petroleum exploration in volcanic basins: An overview of the impact of igneous processes and deposits.
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Burchardt, Steffi; Mattsson, Tobias; Palma, Octavio; Galland, Olivier & Mair, Karen
(2017).
Syn-emplacement fracturing of laccoliths.
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Galland, Olivier; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Schmiedel, Tobias; Rogers, Benjamin David & Souche, Alban Jean-Rene
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Dyke tip processes and large-scale deformation: implications for geodetic modelling.
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Rogers, Benjamin David; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes & Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Magma intrusion in viscoelastic media: laboratory model of coeval brittle and ductile deformation.
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Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Natural fracture characterisation in intrusive systems, Neuquén Basin, Argentina.
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Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster & Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Dike tip processes and large-scale deformation: implication for geodetic modelling.
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Galland, Olivier; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho; Johannessen, Rikke Færøvik & Bjugger, Fanny
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Application of open-source photogrammetric software MicMac for geodetic monitoring in laboratory models.
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Burchardt, Steffi; Palma, Octavio; Galland, Olivier; Mair, Karen & Jerram, Dougal Alexander
(2017).
Syn-emplacement deformation of the Cerro Bayo laccolith, Argentina.
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Schmiedel, Tobias; Galland, Olivier & Breitkreuz, Christoph
(2017).
The control of host rock strength on sill and laccolith emplacement: insights from quantitative laboratory models.
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Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Galland, Olivier; Hallot, Erwan & Burchardt, Steffi
(2017).
Dynamics of surface deformation induced by dyke and cone sheet emplacement in a cohesive brittle crust.
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Galland, Olivier
(2017).
The structure and distribution of volcanic plumbing systems in a hydrocarbon-bearing volcanic basin: the Neuquén Basin, Argentina.
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Haug, Øystein Thorden; Galland, Olivier; Souche, Alban Jean-Rene & Souloumiac, Pauline
(2017).
Shear failure versus tensile opening at sill tips: insights from limit analysis modelling.
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Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Mechanics of dyke emplacement - What we think we know versus what we really know.
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Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Volcanic Plumbing systems and tectonics.
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Schmiedel, Tobias; Kjoberg, Sigurd; Planke, Sverre; Magee, Craig; Galland, Olivier & Schofield, Nick
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Mechanisms of overburden deformation associated with the emplacement of the Tulipan sill, mid-Norwegian margin.
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Schmiedel, Tobias; Kjoberg, Sigurd; Planke, Sverre; Magee, Craig; Galland, Olivier & Schofield, Nick
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Mechanisms of overburden deformation associated with the emplacement of the Tulipan sill, mid-Norwegian margin.
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Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Current research in Neuquén Basin - Oslo Volcanic Plumbing Systems group.
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Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster & Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Dynamic Surface Deformation due to Dykes and Cone Sheets in a Cohesive Coulomb Brittle Crust.
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Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Modelling structures induced by magma emplacement in sedimentary basins.
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Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster & Galland, Olivier
(2017).
Dyke tip processes and large-scale deformation: implications for geodetic modelling.
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Galland, Olivier; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho; Johannessen, Rikke F. & Bjugger, Fanny
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Application of open-source photogrammetric software MicMac for geodetic monitoring in laboratory models.
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Michail, Maria; Coltorti, Massimo; Gianolla, Piero; Riva, Alberto; Rosenau, Matthias & Bonadiman, Costanza
[Show all 11 contributors for this article]
(2017).
Analogue modeling on interaction between shallow magma intrusion and a strike-slip fault: Application on the middle Triassic Monzoni Intrusive Complex (Dolomites, Italy).
Show summary
The southwestern part of the Dolomites in Northern Italy has undergone a short-lived Ladinian (Middle Triassic)
tectono-magmatic event, forming a series of significant magmatic features. These intrusive bodies deformed
and metamorphosed the Permo-Triassic carbonate sedimentary framework. In this study we focus on the tectonomagmatic
evolution of the shallow shoshonitic Monzoni Intrusive Complex of this Ladinian event (ca 237 Ma),
covering an area of 20 km^2. This NW-SE elongated intrusive structure (5 km length) shows an orogenic magmatic
affinity which is in contrast to the tectonic regime at the time of intrusion. Strain analysis shows anorogenic
transtensional displacement in accordance with the ENE-WSW extensional pattern in the central Dolomites during
the Ladinian. Field interpretations led to a detailed description of the regional stratigraphic sequence and the
structural features of the study area. However, the geodynamic context of this magmatism and the influence of
the inherited strike-slip fault on the intrusion, are still in question. To better understand the specific natural prototype
and the general mechanisms of magma emplacement in tectonically active areas, we performed analogue
experiments defined by, but not limited to, first order field observations. We have conducted a systematic series
of experiments in different tectonic regimes (static conditions, strike-slip, transtension). We varied the ratio of
viscous to brittle stresses between magma and country rock, by injecting Newtonian fluids both of high and low
viscosity (i.e. silicone oil/vegetable oil) into granular materials of varying cohesion (sand, silica flour, glass beads).
The evolving surface and side view of the experiments were monitored by photogrammetric techniques for strain
analyses and topographic evolution. In our case, the combination of the results from field and analogue experiments
brings new insights regarding the tectonic regime, the geometry of the intrusive body, and the deformational
pattern of the evolving system.
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Galland, Olivier
(2016).
The Neuquén Basin: Igneous related petroleum systems.
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Galland, Olivier & Sassier, Caroline
(2016).
Neuquén Foothills: Geology, Dinosaurs and... Asado.
GeoExpro.
ISSN 1744-8743.
13(04).
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Kjoberg, Sigurd; Schmiedel, Tobias; Planke, Sverre; Svensen, Henrik; Galland, Olivier & Jerram, Dougal Alexander
(2016).
3D structure and formation of hydrothermal vent complexes in the Møre Basin.
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Galland, Olivier; Abdelmalak, Mohamed Mansour; Spacapan, Juán; Mourgues, Regis; Leanza, Hector Armando & Planke, Sverre
(2016).
Are igneous sheet intrusions really mode I elastic fractures?
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Galland, Olivier; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho; Johannessen, Rikke Færøvik & Bjugger, Fanny
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2016).
Laboratory geodesy: Application of open-source photogram-metric software MicMac to monitoring surface deformation in laboratory models.
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Abdelmalak, Mohamed Mansour; Bulois, Cedric; Mourgues, Regis; Galland, Olivier; Legland, Jean-Baptiste & Gruber, C
(2016).
Description of new dry granular materials of variable cohesion and friction coefficient: implications for laboratory modelling of the brittle crust.
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Galland, Olivier; Bertelsen, Håvard Svanes; Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Girod, Luc Maurice Ramuntcho; Johannessen, Rikke Færøvik & Bjugger, Fanny
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2016).
Laboratory geodesy : Application of open-source photogrammetric software MicMac for monitoring surface deformation in laboratory models.
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Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Galland, Olivier; Hallot, Erwan & Burchardt, Steffi
(2016).
Systematic Analysis of Surface Deformation Induced by Dykes and Cone Sheets in Laboratory Models.
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Guldstrand, Frank Bo Buster; Galland, Olivier; Hallot, Erwan & Burchardt, Steffi
(2016).
Predicting Volcanic Eruptions Locations Based on Surface Deformation Precursors.
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Galland, Olivier; Abdelmalak, Mohamed Mansour; Leanza, Hector Armando; Mourgues, Regis; Planke, Sverre & Scheibert, Julien
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2016).
Mechanics of Igneous Intrusion Emplacement and implications for Sedimentary Basins.
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Schmiedel, Tobias; Galland, Olivier & Breitkreuz, Christoph
(2016).
The control of host rock strength on sill and laccolith emplacement.
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Burchardt, Steffi & Galland, Olivier
(2016).
Studying Volcanic Plumbing Systems – Multidisciplinary Approaches to a Multifaceted Problem.
In Nemeth, Karoly (Eds.),
Updates in Volcanology - From Volcano Modelling to Volcano Geology.
IntechOpen.
ISSN 978-953-51-2623-2.
p. 23–53.
doi:
10.5772/63959.
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Galland, Olivier; Holohan, Eoghan; van Wyk de Vries, Benjamin & Burchardt, Steffi
(2015).
Laboratory Modelling of Volcanic Plumbing Systems: A review.
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Galland, Olivier; Holohan, Eoghan; van Wyk de Vries, Benjamin & Burchardt, Steffi
(2015).
Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems.
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Galland, Olivier & Sassier, Caroline
(2015).
Torres del Paine: The Patagonian Diamond.
GeoExpro.
ISSN 1744-8743.
12(1),
p. 50–54.
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Spacapan, Juán; Galland, Olivier; Leanza, Hector Armando & Planke, Sverre
(2015).
Are sills really elastic hydraulic fractures?