Recent Publications

• Han, Chaoran; Arnestad, Håvard; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2024). Spectral Estimation Inspired by a Non-Linear Beamformer: Insights into Null-Subtraction Imaging. In Viggen, Erlend Magnus (Eds.), Proceedings of the 47th Scandinavian Symposium on Physical Acoustics. Norsk Fysisk Selskap. ISSN 978-82-8123-024-8.
• Li, Yushuai; Li, Tianyi; Gui, Yonghao; Gao, David Wenzhong & Zhang, Yan (2023). Controllable Structure Planning for Energy Internet, 2022 First International Conference on Cyber-Energy Systems and Intelligent Energy (ICCSIE) . IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-6654-5215-1. doi: 10.1109/ICCSIE55183.2023.10175258. Full text in Research Archive
• Chandrasekaran, Sri Nivas; Holm, Sverre & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2023). Wave equations of the two common sediment acoustic theories. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics (POMA). ISSN 1939-800X. 51. doi: 10.1121/2.0001795. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Two popular theories for wave propagation in sediments, the Biot poroelastic theory and the Viscous Grain Shearing (VGS) theory, have been formulated in terms of dispersion relations. The lack of explicit wave equations for these models could be considered to be a weakness. Hence, providing wave equations that are fully consistent with these theories might confirm that they have a physical basis. In the Biot theory, it is the frequency-dependent viscodynamic operator that poses the problem as there is no equivalent time-domain operator. Previous work has shown that this factor can be approximated well with a simplified square root operator. Drawing on the parallel to the Cole-Davidson dielectric theory for complex media where the same factor appears, and using the equivalent time-domain operator, which is a fractional pseudo-differential operator, enables the formulation of wave equations for all three wave modes of the Biot theory. The same operator turns out to be central for transforming the dispersion relations of the VGS theory to time-space wave equations. In this case, the relation between the dispersion equations and the wave equations is exact. The wave equations of these two theories will enable a closer study of the properties of the medium models.

• Berg-Hansen, Pål; Moen, Stine Marit; Klyve, Thomas Dahl; Gonzalez Sanchez, Victor Evaristo; Seeberg, Trine Margrethe & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). The instrumented single leg stance test detects early balance impairment in people with multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology. ISSN 1664-2295. 14. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1227374. Full text in Research Archive
• Lilja, Didrik; Schalit, Itai; Espinoza, Andreas; Fiane, Arnt Eltvedt; Dahle, Gry & Sandbu, Helen Littorin [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Detection of inflow obstruction in left ventricular assist devices by accelerometer: A porcine model study. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. ISSN 1053-2498. 42(8), p. 1005–1014. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.03.017. Full text in Research Archive
• Arnestad, Håvard; Gereb, Gabor; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Kirkebø, Jan Egil; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2023). Worst-case analysis of array beampatterns using interval arithmetic. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ISSN 0001-4966. 153(6), p. 3312–3323. doi: 10.1121/10.0019715. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Over the past decade, interval arithmetic (IA) has been used to determine tolerance bounds of phased-array beampatterns. IA only requires that the errors of the array elements are bounded and can provide reliable beampattern bounds even when a statistical model is missing. However, previous research has not explored the use of IA to find the error realizations responsible for achieving specific bounds. In this study, the capabilities of IA are extended by introducing the concept of “backtracking,” which provides a direct way of addressing how specific bounds can be attained. Backtracking allows for the recovery of the specific error realization and corresponding beampattern, enabling the study and verification of which errors result in the worst-case array performance in terms of the peak sidelobe level (PSLL). Moreover, IA is made applicable to a wider range of arrays by adding support for arbitrary array geometries with directive elements and mutual coupling in addition to element amplitude, phase, and positioning errors. Last, a simple formula for approximate bounds of uniformly bounded errors is derived and numerically verified. This formula gives insights into how array size and apodization cannot reduce the worst-case PSLL beyond a certain limit.

• Thon, Stine Hverven; Austeng, Andreas & Hansen, Roy Edgar (2023). Point detection in textured ultrasound images. Ultrasonics. ISSN 0041-624X. 131, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106968. Full text in Research Archive
• Ferreira Tiago, Cristiana; Snare, Sten Roar; Sprem, Jurica & Mcleod, Kristin Sarah (2023). A Domain Translation Framework With an Adversarial Denoising Diffusion Model to Generate Synthetic Datasets of Echocardiography Images. IEEE Access. ISSN 2169-3536. 11, p. 17594–17602. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3246762.
• Woll, Anita & Tørresen, Jim (2023). What is a Smart Hospital? A Review of the Literature. In Duffy, V.G.; Lehto, M.; Yih, Y. & Proctor, R.W. (Ed.), Human-Automation Interaction. Springer. ISSN 978-3-031-10780-1. p. 145–165.
• Nøvik, Steffen; Flø Drageseth, Magnus; Grøndalen, Magnus Børresen; Nilsen, Ola; Krauss, Stefan Johannes Karl & Martinsen, Ørjan Grøttem [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). A CMOS Multi-Electrode Array for Four-Electrode Bioimpedance Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. ISSN 1932-4545. 16(6), p. 1276–1286. doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3214243. Full text in Research Archive
• Meyer, Frederic; Lund-Hansen, Magne; Seeberg, Trine Margrethe; Kocbach, Jan; Sandbakk, Øyvind & Austeng, Andreas (2022). Inner-Cycle Phases Can Be Estimated from a Single Inertial Sensor by Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network in Roller-Ski Skating. Sensors. ISSN 1424-8220. 22(23). doi: 10.3390/s22239267. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a new machine learning method to determine temporal events and inner-cycle parameters (e.g., cycle, pole and ski contact and swing time) in cross-country roller-ski skating on the field, using a single inertial measurement unit (IMU). Methods: The developed method is based on long short-term memory neural networks to detect the initial and final contact of the poles and skis with the ground during the cyclic movements. Eleven athletes skied four laps of 2.5 km at a low and high intensity using skis with two different rolling coefficients. They were equipped with IMUs attached to the upper back, lower back and to the sternum. Data from force insoles and force poles were used as the reference system. Results: The IMU placed on the upper back provided the best results, as the LSTM network was able to determine the temporal events with a mean error ranging from −1 to 11 ms and had a standard deviation (SD) of the error between 64 and 70 ms. The corresponding inner-cycle parameters were calculated with a mean error ranging from −11 to 12 ms and an SD between 66 and 74 ms. The method detected 95% of the events for the poles and 87% of the events for the skis. Conclusion: The proposed LSTM method provides a promising tool for assessing temporal events and inner-cycle phases in roller-ski skating, showing the potential of using a single IMU to estimate different spatiotemporal parameters of human locomotion.

• Arnestad, Håvard; Austeng, Andreas; Näsholm, Sven Peter & Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel (2022). The Effect of Retrospective Transmit Focusing on Minimum Variance Beamforming. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. ISSN 1948-5719. doi: 10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958050. Show summary

  Minimum variance (MV) beamforming is a well-known adaptive beamforming approach. Retrospective transmit beamforming (RTB), on the other hand, is a technique implemented in some modern ultrasound scanners that strives to obtain two-way focus everywhere in the imaged region. However, it is not immediately clear how these methods should be combined in the image reconstruction pipeline. In this work, we suggest a general and efficient implementation for combining MV with RTB, and we study a few effects and synergetic benefits in comparison to multiple line acquisition processing and conventional delay-and-sum beamforming. Our finding is that RTB improves the resolution and robustness of MV beamforming outside the focal zone.

• Lemire, Marcel; Falbriard, Mathieu; Aminian, Kamiar; Pavlik, Eloïse; Millet, Grégoire P. & Meyer, Frederic (2022). Correspondence Between Values of Vertical Loading Rate and Oxygen Consumption During Inclined Running. Sports Medicine - Open. ISSN 2198-9761. 8(1). doi: 10.1186/s40798-022-00491-2.
• Abd El-Atty, Saied M.; Arafa, Nancy A.; Abouelazm, Atef; Alfarraj, Osama; Lizos, Konstantinos & Shawki, Farid (2022). Performance Analysis of an Artificial Intelligence Nanosystem with Biological Internet of Nano Things. CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences. ISSN 1526-1492. 133(1), p. 111–131. doi: 10.32604/cmes.2022.020793. Full text in Research Archive
• Sepahvand, Majid; Abdali-Mohammadi, Fardin & Taherkordi, Amirhosein (2022). Teacher–student knowledge distillation based on decomposed deep feature representation for intelligent mobile applications. Expert Systems With Applications. ISSN 0957-4174. 202. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117474.
• Abbas, Muhammad Tahir; Grinnemo, Karl-Johan; Eklund, Johan; Alfredsson, Stefan; Rajiullah, Mohammad & Brunstrom, Anna [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Energy-Saving Solutions for Cellular Internet of Things-A Survey. IEEE Access. ISSN 2169-3536. 10, p. 62073–62096. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3182400. Full text in Research Archive
• Arnestad, Håvard; Gereb, Gabor; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Kirkebø, Jan Egil; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2022). Sonar array beampattern bounds and an interval arithmetic toolbox. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics (POMA). ISSN 1939-800X. 47. doi: 10.1121/2.0001613. Show summary

  The framework of interval arithmetic (IA) and its extension to complex numbers has in the last decade been applied as a tool for finding robust tolerance bounds of antenna arrays. The IA framework complements statistical methods, as inclusive upper and lower bounds of the beampattern are obtained directly, only assuming error bounds on specifically chosen array parameters. Recently, beampattern synthesis for sonar arrays subject to amplitude excitation errors has been extended from linear arrays with omnidirectional elements to non-linear arrays with directive elements. In this work, we demonstrate that the analysis can be developed further to include both amplitude and phase errors. Moreover, we account for error bounds in element position and orientation, thus representing a more comprehensive method for evaluating the worst-case performance due to uncertainty bounds in a multitude of design parameters. For this purpose, we have created an open-source MATLAB toolbox to calculate beampattern bounds for an array with bounded error tolerances. The toolbox features an object oriented library of interval classes and an interactive graphical user interface with easily configurable settings, where results for different interval representations are shown along with their corresponding bounds. The beampattern bounds of a sonar array is illustrated through an example.

• Andreassen, Børge Solli; Volgyes, David; Samset, Eigil & Solberg, Anne H Schistad (2022). Mitral Annulus Segmentation and Anatomical Orientation Detection in TEE Images Using Periodic 3D CNN. IEEE Access. ISSN 2169-3536. 10, p. 51472–51486. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3174059. Full text in Research Archive
• Øygard, Sigrid H.; Audoin, Mélanie; Austeng, Andreas; Thomsen, Erik V.; Stuart, Matthias B. & Jensen, Jørgen A. (2022). Accurate prediction of transmission through a lensed row-column addressed array. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ISSN 0001-4966. 151(5), p. 3207–3218. doi: 10.1121/10.0010528.
• Ruud, Markus Toverud; Sandberg, Tale Hisdal; Tranvaag, Ulrik Johan Vedde; Wallace, Benedikte; Karbasi, Seyed Mojtaba & Tørresen, Jim (2022). Reinforcement Learning Based Dance Movement Generation. In Carlson, Kristin (Eds.), MOCO '22: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Movement and Computing. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 978-1-4503-8716-3. doi: 10.1145/3537972.3538007. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Generating genuinely creative and novel artifacts with machine learning is still a challenge in the world of computational science. A creative machine learning agent can be beneficial for applications where novel solutions are desired and may also optimize search. Reinforcement Learnings’ (RL) interactive properties can make it an effective tool to investigate these possibilities in creative contexts. This paper shows how a Reinforcement learning-based technique, in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), can be utilized for generating varying movements based on a goal picking policy. The proposed model is trained on a data set of motion capture recordings of dance improvisation. Our study shows that the trained RL agent can learn to pick sequences of dance poses that are coherent, have compound movement, and can resemble dance.

• Kutuzov, Andrei; Touileb, Samia; Mæhlum, Petter; Enstad, Tita & Witteman, Alexandra (2022). NorDiaChange: Diachronic Semantic Change Dataset for Norwegian, Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. European Language Resources Association. ISSN 979-10-95546-72-6. p. 2563–2572. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We describe NorDiaChange: the first diachronic semantic change dataset for Norwegian. NorDiaChange comprises two novel subsets, covering about 80 Norwegian nouns manually annotated with graded semantic change over time. Both datasets follow the same annotation procedure and can be used interchangeably as train and test splits for each other. NorDiaChange covers the time periods related to pre- and post-war events, oil and gas discovery in Norway, and technological developments. The annotation was done using the DURel framework and two large historical Norwegian corpora. NorDiaChange is published in full under a permissive licence, complete with raw annotation data and inferred diachronic word usage graphs (DWUGs).

• Braathen, Martin; Rimstad, Ivan Jonassen; Dybvik, Terje; Nygård, Ståle & Ræder, Johan (2022). Online exhaled propofol monitoring in normal-weight and obese surgical patients. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 66(5), p. 598–605. doi: 10.1111/aas.14043. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) allows for online quantification of exhaled propofol concentrations. We aimed to validate a bedside online IMS device, the Edmon®, for predicting plasma concentrations of propofol in normal-weight and obese patients. Methods Patients with body mass index (BMI) >20 kg/m2 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy or bariatric surgery were recruited. Exhaled propofol concentrations (CA), arterial plasma propofol concentrations (CP) and bispectral index (BIS) values were collected during target-controlled infusion (TCI) anaesthesia. Generalised estimation equation (GEE) was applied to all samples and stable-phase samples at different delays for best fit between CP and CA. BMI was evaluated as covariate. BIS and exhaled propofol correlations were also assessed with GEE. Results A total of 29 patients (BMI 20.3–53.7) were included. A maximal R2 of 0.58 was found during stable concentrations with 5 min delay of CA to CP; the intercept a = −0.69 (95% CI −1.7, 0.3) and slope b = 0.87 (95% CI 0.7, 1.1). BMI was found to be a non-significant covariate. The median absolute performance error predicting plasma propofol concentrations was 13.4%. At a CA of 5 ppb, the model predicts a CP of 3.6 μg/ml (95% CI ±1.4). There was a maximal negative correlation of R2 = 0.44 at 2-min delay from CA to BIS. Conclusions Online monitoring of exhaled propofol concentrations is clinically feasible in normal-weight and obese patients. With a 5-min delay, our model outperforms the Marsh plasma TCI model in a post hoc analysis. Modest correlation with plasma concentrations makes the clinical usefulness questionable.

• Knuth, Franziska Hanna; Grøndahl, Aurora Rosvoll; Winter, René; Torheim, Turid Katrine Gjerstad; Negård, Anne & Holmedal, Stein Harald [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Semi-automatic tumor segmentation of rectal cancer based on functional magnetic resonance imaging. Physics and imaging in radiation oncology (PIRO). ISSN 2405-6316. 22, p. 77–84. doi: 10.1016/j.phro.2022.05.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørgensen, Magne; Halkjelsvik, Torleif & Liestøl, Knut (2022). When should we (not) use the mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE) as an error measure in software development effort estimation? Information and Software Technology. ISSN 0950-5849. 143. doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106784.
• Rye, Inga Hansine; Huse, Kanutte; Josefsson, Sarah Elisabet; Kildal, Wanja; Danielsen, Håvard Emil Greger & Schlichting, Ellen [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2021). Breast cancer metastasis: immune profiling of lymph nodes reveals exhaustion of effector T cells and immunosuppression. Molecular Oncology. ISSN 1574-7891. 16(1), p. 88–103. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13047. Full text in Research Archive
• Dominguez-Valentin, Mev; Plazzer, John-Paul; Sampson, Julian R.; Engel, Christoph; Aretz, Stefan & Jenkins, Mark A. [Show all 89 contributors for this article] (2021). No difference in penetrance between truncating and missense/aberrant splicing pathogenic variants in mlh1 and msh2: A prospective lynch syndrome database study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. ISSN 2077-0383. 10(13), p. 1–12. doi: 10.3390/jcm10132856. Full text in Research Archive
• Seppälä, Toni T.; Dominguez-Valentin, Mev; Crosbie, Emma J.; Engel, Christoph; Aretz, Stefan & Macrae, Finlay [Show all 86 contributors for this article] (2021). Uptake of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in carriers of pathogenic mismatch repair variants: a Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database report. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 148, p. 124–133. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.02.022.
• Bergland, Ola Undrum; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Hjørnholm, Ulla; Kjær, Vibeke Norheim & Rognstad, Stine [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2021). Detection of Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Treatment by Measurements of Serum Drug Concentrations. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 78(3), p. 617–628. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17514. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nonadherence to drugs is a challenge in hypertension treatment. We aimed to assess the prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug concentrations compared with 2 indirect methods and relate to the prescribed drug regimens in a nationwide multicenter study. Five hundred fifty patients with hypertension using ≥2 antihypertensive agents participated. We measured concentrations of 23 antihypertensive drugs using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry and compared with patients’ self-reports and investigators’ assessment based on structured interview. We identified 40 nonadherent patients (7.3%) using serum drug concentrations. They had higher office diastolic blood pressure (90 versus 83 mm Hg, P<0.01) and daytime diastolic blood pressure (85 versus 80 mm Hg, P<0.01) though systolic blood pressures did not differ significantly. They had more prescribed daily antihypertensive pills (2.5 versus 2.1 pills, P<0.01) and total daily pills (5.5 versus 4.4 pills, P=0.03). Prescription of fixed-dose combination pills were lower among the nonadherent patients identified by serum concentrations (45.0 versus 67.1%, P<0.01). Fifty-three patients self-reported nonadherence, while the investigators suspected 69 nonadherent patients. These groups showed no or few differences in drug regimens, respectively. In summary, we detected 7.3% prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug measurements in patients using ≥2 antihypertensive agents in a nationwide study; they had higher office and ambulatory diastolic blood pressures, higher number of prescribed daily pills, more daily antihypertensive pills, and less frequent prescriptions of fixed-dose combination pills. Indirect methods showed poor overlap with serum drugs concentrations and no or minimal medication differences. Thus, serum measurements of drugs were useful in detection and characterization of nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment.

• Nordmoen, Jørgen; Nygaard, Tønnes Frostad; Samuelsen, Eivind & Glette, Kyrre (2021). On Restricting Real-Valued Genotypes in Evolutionary Algorithms. In Castillo, Pedro A. & Jiménez Laredo, Juan Luiz (Ed.), Applications of Evolutionary Computation. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-72699-7. p. 3–16. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-72699-7_1. Full text in Research Archive
• Valand, Joakim; Kadragic, Haris; Hicks, Steven; Thambawita, Vajira L B; Midoglu, Cise & Kupka, Tomas [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Automated Clipping of Soccer Events using Machine Learning. In Bulterman, Dick; Kankanhalli, Mohan S.; Muehlhaeuser, Max; Persia, Fabio; Sheu, Phillip & Tsai, Jeffrey J.P. (Ed.), Conference Proceedings: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-6654-3734-9. p. 210–214. doi: 10.1109/ISM52913.2021.00042. Show summary

  Extracting highlight clips from soccer matches requires tedious, time-consuming, and expensive manual labor. Human operators need to search for appropriate clipping points and trim away the unwanted scenes. In our work, we aim for an automated process for generating event highlights. In particular, we develop AI-models for scene boundary detection and logo detection. Using different datasets, we present two models that automatically find the appropriate time interval for goal event extraction. The models are evaluated quantitatively, and the results show that we find the logo and scene shifts with high accuracy. Our event clipping methodology is a potential building block for a larger, fully-automated sports broadcast production pipeline.

• Holter, Øystein Gullvåg; Snickare, Lotta Karin & Liestøl, Knut (2021). Bøygen-modellen: Hypotesen om akkumulering av ulempe. In Holter, Øystein Gullvåg & Snickare, Lotta Karin (Ed.), Likestilling i akademia - fra kunnskap til endring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-66966-9. p. 193–212. doi: https:/doi.org/10.23865/noasp.143.ch7.
• Holter, Øystein Gullvåg; Snickare, Lotta Karin & Liestøl, Knut (2021). Erfaringer i akademia – en ny kartlegging. In Holter, Øystein Gullvåg & Snickare, Lotta Karin (Ed.), Likestilling i akademia - fra kunnskap til endring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-66966-9. p. 119–152. doi: https:/doi.org/10.23865/noasp.143.ch5.
• Snickare, Lotta Karin; Holter, Øystein Gullvåg & Liestøl, Knut (2021). Menn, maskuliniteter og faghierarkier. In Holter, Øystein Gullvåg & Snickare, Lotta Karin (Ed.), Likestilling i akademia - fra kunnskap til endring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-66966-9. p. 49–73. doi: 10.23865/noasp.143.ch2.
• Van Gysel, Jens E. L.; Vigus, Meagan; Chun, Jayeol; Lai, Kenneth; Moeller, Sarah & Yao, Jiarui [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). Designing a Uniform Meaning Representation for Natural Language Processing. Künstliche Intelligenz. ISSN 0933-1875. 35(3-4), p. 343–360. doi: 10.1007/s13218-021-00722-w.
• Quinn, Candice; Slettemoen, Sondre; Häfliger, Philipp & Røed, Ketil (2021). Overview of the Electronics Redesign of the multi-Needle Langmuir Probe System, IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 9781665445047. doi: 10.1109/EWDTS52692.2021.9581012.
• Häfliger, Philipp Dominik & Mikkelsen, Mikkel (2021). In-pixel ADC concept with HDR hyperbolic compression and CDS. In Salem, Fathi (Eds.), Proceedings 2021 Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems. IEEE. ISSN 978-1-6654-2461-5. p. 757–761. doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS47672.2021.9531869.
• van der Meer, Dennis; Kaufmann, Tobias; Shadrin, Alexey; Makowski, Carolina; Frei, Oleksandr & Roelfs, Daniel [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). The genetic architecture of human cortical folding. Science Advances. ISSN 2375-2548. 7(51), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9446. Full text in Research Archive
• Sharma, Ankush; Akshay, Akshay; Rogne, Marie & Eskeland, Ragnhild (2021). ShinyArchR.UiO: user-friendly,integrative and open-source tool for visualization of single-cell ATAC-seq data using ArchR. Bioinformatics. ISSN 1367-4803. 38(3), p. 834–836. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab680. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Motivation: Mapping of chromatin accessibility landscapes in single-cells and the integration with gene expression enables a better understanding of gene regulatory mechanisms defining cell identities and cell-fate determination in development and disease. Generally, raw data generated from single-cell Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) are deposited in repositories that are generally inaccessible due to lack of in-depth knowledge of computational programming. Results: We have developed ShinyArchR.UiO, an R-based shiny app, that facilitates scATAC-seq data accessibility and visualisation in a user-friendly, interactive, and open-source web interface. ShinyArchR.UiO is an application that can streamline collaborative efforts for interpretation of massive chromatin accessibility datasets and allow for open access data sharing for wider audiences.

• Ahmadi, Ahmadreza; Nygaard, Tønnes; Kottege, Navinda; Howard, David & Hudson, Nicolas (2021). Semi-Supervised Gated Recurrent Neural Networks for Robotic Terrain Classification. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. ISSN 2377-3766. 6(2), p. 1848–1855. doi: 10.1109/LRA.2021.3060437.
• Lagström, Sonja ; Løvestad, Alexander; Umu, Sinan Uğur; Ambur, Ole Herman; Nygård, Mari & Rounge, Trine Ballestad [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). HPV16 and HPV18 type-specific APOBEC3 and integration profiles in different diagnostic categories of cervical samples. Tumour Virus Research. ISSN 2666-6790. 12. doi: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200221. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørgensen, Magne; Bergersen, Gunnar R. & Liestøl, Knut (2021). Relations between Effort Estimates, Skill Indicators, and Measured Programming Skill. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. ISSN 0098-5589. 47(12), p. 2892–2906. doi: 10.1109/TSE.2020.2973638.
• Johansen, Johanna; Pedersen, Tore & Johansen, Christian (2021). Studying human-to-computer bias transference. AI & Society: The Journal of Human-Centred Systems and Machine Intelligence. ISSN 0951-5666. doi: 10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4.
• Thio, Vincent Martello Kwie Hoe; Aparicio, Joaquin; Ånonsen, Kjetil Bergh & Bekkeng, Jan Kenneth (2021). Experimental Evaluation of the Forkbeard Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning System. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. ISSN 0018-9456. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2021.3136261. Full text in Research Archive
• Teigen, Bjørn Ivar; Ellefsen, Kai Olav; Skeie, Tor & Tørresen, Jim (2021). Known Performance Issues Are Prevalent in Consumer WiFi Routers, 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management, CNSM 2021. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-3-903176-36-2. p. 254–258. doi: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615514.
• Bakkelund, Daniel Rygh (2021). Order preserving hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Machine Learning. ISSN 0885-6125. doi: 10.1007/s10994-021-06125-0.
• (2021). 3D Rendering of Shipwrecks from Synthetic Aperture Sonar. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics (POMA). ISSN 1939-800X. doi: 10.1121/2.0001483. Show summary

  Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) bathymetric mapping provides centimeter-scale horizontal resolution of the seafloor. Typically, SAS data has been visualized as 2D images or gridded 2.5D surfaces, but it can also be plotted as 3D point clouds. Even if the imaging system is not fully volumetric, the imaging geometry leaves the possibility of having data points that reside in the same lateral positions in a ground coordinate system. Visualizing these without geometric distortion or loss of data is challenging. In this paper we investigate the use of full-fledged 3D rendering with artificial lighting and shading techniques in order to convey more of the available information. We aim to produce better 3D visualization of shipwrecks. We provide an overview of which data products are available from state-of-the-art SAS processing, and explore existing visualization methods. We discuss the use of surfaces and point clouds for 3D rendering, and various shading and rendering techniques. Our goal is to display SAS bathymetry in a way that is both intuitive and can convey more supplemental information to the observer. Finally, we show image and video examples of rendering large shipwreck scenes using data collected by a HISAS1032 SAS carried by a HUGIN autonomous underwater vehicle

• Ellingsen, Espen Basmo; Mangsbo, Sara; Hovig, Eivind & Gaudernack, Gustav (2021). Telomerase as a Target for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Considerations for Optimizing Their Clinical Potential. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 12:682492, p. 1–15. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682492. Full text in Research Archive
• Dzogovic, Bruno; Tariq, Mahmood; Santos, Bernardo; Feng, Boning; Do, Thuan Van & Jacot, Niels [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Advanced 5G Network Slicing Isolation Using Enhanced VPN+ for Healthcare Verticals. In Pires, Ivan Miguel; Spinsante, Susanna; Zdravevski, Eftim & Lameski, Petre (Ed.), Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good: 7th EAI International Conference, GOODTECHS 2021, Virtual Event, September 15–17, 2021, Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-91420-2. p. 121–135. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-91421-9_10. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Alongside enabling connectivity for people and societies, the fifthGeneration networks (5G) aimed towards establishing an all-inclusive ecosystem for Internet of Things to sustain variety of industrial verticals such as e-health, smart home, smart city, etc. With the successful implementation of 5G infrastructure, it is understood that the traditional security approaches incorporated in the previous 4th generation networks (4G) may not suffice to protect users and industries from adversaries that develop more advanced attack vectors. This is mostly attributed the vulnerabilities imposed by softwareization (Softwareization of networks, clouds, and internet of things https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ pdf/10.1002/nem.1967.) and virtualization of the network which compromise the isolation and protection of the 5G network slices essential for the support of IoT verticals. In this work, we propose an innovative approach to enhance the isolation of network slices by employing the Enhanced Virtual Private Network+ (VPN+) technology. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of an encrypted communication at the transport backhaul network in 5G scenario in terms of defensive success against virtualization layer attacks in the cloud.

• Pavlović, Milena; Scheffer, Lonneke; Motwani, Keshav; Kanduri, Chakravarthi; Kompova, Radmila & Vazov, Nikolay Aleksandrov [Show all 41 contributors for this article] (2021). The immuneML ecosystem for machine learning analysis of adaptive immune receptor repertoires. Nature Machine Intelligence. 3(11), p. 936–944. doi: 10.1038/s42256-021-00413-z.
• Nikolaidis, Konstantinos; Kristiansen, Stein; Plagemann, Thomas Peter; Goebel, Vera Hermine; Liestøl, Knut & Kankanhalli, Mohan [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Learning realistic patterns from visually unrealistic stimuli: Generalization and data anonymization. The journal of artificial intelligence research. ISSN 1076-9757. 72, p. 1163–1214. doi: 10.1613/JAIR.1.13252. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Good training data is a prerequisite to develop useful Machine Learning applications. However, in many domains existing data sets cannot be shared due to privacy regulations (e.g., from medical studies). This work investigates a simple yet unconventional approach for anonymized data synthesis to enable third parties to benefit from such anonymized data. We explore the feasibility of learning implicitly from visually unrealistic, task-relevant stimuli, which are synthesized by exciting the neurons of a trained deep neural network. As such, neuronal excitation can be used to generate synthetic stimuli. The stimuli data is used to train new classification models. Furthermore, we extend this framework to inhibit representations that are associated with specific individuals. We use sleep monitoring data from both an open and a large closed clinical study, and Electroencephalogram sleep stage classification data, to evaluate whether (1) end-users can create and successfully use customized classification models, and (2) the identity of participants in the study is protected. Extensive comparative empirical investigation shows that different algorithms trained on the stimuli are able to generalize successfully on the same task as the original model. Architectural and algorithmic similarity between new and original models play an important role in performance. For similar architectures, the performance is close to that of using the original data (e.g., Accuracy difference of 0.56%-3.82%, Kappa coefficient difference of 0.02-0.08). Further experiments show that the stimuli can provide state-ofthe-art resilience against adversarial association and membership inference attacks.

• Khan, Haroon; Noori, Farzan Majeed; Yazidi, Anis; Uddin, Md Zia; Khan, M.N Afzal & Mirtaheri, Peyman (2021). Classification of Individual Finger Movements from Right Hand Using fNIRS Signals. Sensors. ISSN 1424-8220. 21(23), p. 1–15. doi: 10.3390/s21237943. Full text in Research Archive
• Thon, Stine Hverven; Hansen, Roy Edgar & Austeng, Andreas (2021). Detection of Point Scatterers in Medical Ultrasound. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control. ISSN 0885-3010. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3129619. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present an overview of the detection of point scatterers in ultrasound images and suggest strategies for evaluating and measuring the detection performance. We use synthetic aperture Field II simulations of a point scatterer in speckle background and evaluate how common imaging techniques affect point target detectability. We discuss how to compare different methods and calculate confidence intervals. In general, applying speckle reduction methods reduces the point detection performance. However, the results show that it is possible to smooth the speckle background and preserve relatively high performance with a suitable and optimized method. The different detection performances of the advanced beamforming methods Coherence Factor (CF), Phase Coherence Factor (PCF), and Capon’s Minimum Variance (MV) are presented and benchmarked with standard Delay-and-Sum (DAS). The results show that CF achieves slightly better detection performance than DAS for weak point scatterers, whereas PCF and MV perform worse than DAS. Choice of apodization window and adaptive aperture size affects the probability of detection. Results show that methods that preserve spatial resolution have better detection performance of point scatterers.

• Oplenskedal, Magnus Karsten; Herrmann, Peter & Taherkordi, Amir (2021). DEEPMATCH2: A comprehensive deep learning-based approach for in-vehicle presence detection. Information Systems. ISSN 0306-4379. doi: 10.1016/j.is.2021.101927. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The accurate detection of the mobile context information of public transportation vehicles and their passengers is a key feature to realize intelligent transportation systems. A topical example is in-vehicle presence detection that can, e.g., be used to ticket passengers automatically. Unfortunately, most existing solutions in this field suffer from low spatiotemporal accuracy which impedes their use in practice. In previous work, we addressed this challenge through a deep learning-based framework, called DeepMatch, that allows us to detect in-vehicle presence with a high degree of accuracy. DeepMatch utilizes the smartphone of a passenger to analyse and match the event streams of its own sensors with the event streams of counterpart sensors provided by a reference unit that is installed inside the vehicle. This is achieved through a new learning model architecture using Stacked Convolutional Autoencoders to compress sensor input streams by feature extraction and dimensionality reduction as well as a deep convolutional neural network to match the streams of the user phone and the reference device. The sensor stream compression is offloaded to the smartphone, while the matching is performed in a server. In this paper, we introduce DeepMatch2. It is an amended version of DeepMatch that reduces the amount of data to be transferred from the user and reference devices to the server by the factor of four. Further, DeepMatch2 improves the already good accuracy of DeepMatch from 97.81% to 98.51%. Moreover, we propose a travel inference algorithm, based on DeepMatch2, to detect the duration of whole passenger trips in public transport vehicles with a high degree of precision. This is needed to create intelligent and highly reliable auto-ticketing systems. Thanks to the high accuracy of 98.51% by DeepMatch2, the inferences can be carried out with a negligible error rate.

• Erdodi, Laszlo & Zennaro, Fabio Massimo (2021). The Agent Web Model - Modelling web hacking for reinforcement learning. International Journal of Information Security. ISSN 1615-5262. doi: 10.1007/s10207-021-00554-7.
• Solberg, Lars Erik; Dahl, Tobias Gulden & Næs, Tormod (2021). Making sense of multiple distance matrices through common and distinct components. Journal of Chemometrics. ISSN 0886-9383. 35(11), p. 1–24. doi: 10.1002/cem.3372. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Multiblock analysis attacks the problem of how to combine data from various data sources for purposes such as prediction, classification, clustering, or visual data analysis. A key concept is the distinction between “common” and “distinct” parts, that is, what information repeats itself across the blocks and what is unique to an individual block. The statistical field of multiblock analysis holds many different approaches, which leads to different treatments both of the terms distinct and common themselves and to differences in the numerical results. In this article, we extend the discussion of distinct and common in multiblock analysis to the domain of distance matrices, that is, the situation where data point sets, so-called configurations, are analyzed via relative distances either because configurations are not available directly or because a distance representation is favorable. Situations typical for chemometrics will be highlighted and illustrated in examples. When analyzing different methods, we have focused on three key aspects. First, during the transition from the distance to configuration domains, one needs to consider how multiple distance matrices are treated. Second, when extracting common and distinct parts, one needs to manage a tradeoff between explaining variance and ensuring similarity between subspaces. Third, there is a design choice to be made as to whether the subspace containing the common parts is “shared” between blocks or if separate subspaces are associated with each individual block. The three aspects help to categorize and explain well-known methods in the field. A selection of methods was analyzed and subsequently applied to examples.

• (2021). Spatial coherence of speckle for repeat-pass synthetic aperture sonar micronavigation. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. ISSN 0364-9059. 46(4), p. 1330–1345. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2021.3060812. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjaanæs, Maria Moksnes; Nilsen, Gro; Halvorsen, Ann Rita; Russnes, Hege Elisabeth Giercksky; Solberg, Steinar & Jørgensen, Lars [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Whole genome copy number analyses reveal a highly aberrant genome in TP53 mutant lung adenocarcinoma tumors. BMC Cancer. ISSN 1471-2407. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08811-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Pihlstrøm, Lasse; Fan, Chun Chieh; Frei, Oleksandr; Tan, Manuela; Karunamuni, Roshan A. & Blauwendraat, Cornelis [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Genetic Stratification of Age-Dependent Parkinson's Disease Risk by Polygenic Hazard Score. Movement Disorders. ISSN 0885-3185. doi: 10.1002/mds.28808. Full text in Research Archive
• Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Heir, Trond; Bodegard, Johan & Robsahm, Trude Eid [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). The Oslo Ischaemia Study: cohort profile. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 11(10). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049111. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Purpose The Oslo Ischaemia Study was designed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of silent coronary disease in Norwegian middle-aged men, specifically validating exercise electrocardiography (ECG) findings compared with angiography. The study has been important in investigating long-term predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as investigating a broad spectrum of epidemiological and public health perspectives. Participants In 1972–1975, 2014 healthy men, 40–59 years old, were enrolled in the study. Comprehensive clinical examination included an ECG-monitored exercise test at baseline and follow-ups. The cohort has been re-examined four times during 20 years. Linkage to health records and national health registries has ensured complete endpoint registration of morbidity until the end of 2006, and cancer and mortality until the end of 2017. Findings to date The early study results provided new evidence, as many participants with a positive exercise ECG, but no chest pain (‘silent ischaemia’), did not have significant coronary artery stenosis after all. Still, they were over-represented with coronary disease after years of follow-up. Furthermore, participants with the highest physical fitness had lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and the magnitude of blood pressure responses to moderate exercise was shown to influence the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. With time, follow-up data allowed the scope of research to expand into other fields of medicine, with the aim of investigating predictors and the importance of lifestyle and risk factors. Future plans Recently, the Oslo Ischaemia Study has been found worthy, as the first scientific study, to be preserved by The National Archives of Norway. All the study material will be digitised, free to use and accessible for all. In 2030, the Oslo Ischaemia Study will be linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry to obtain complete follow-up to death. Thus, a broad spectrum of additional opportunities opens.

• Kolevatova, Anastasiia; Riegler, Michael; Cherubini, Francesco; Hu, Xiangping & Hammer, Hugo Lewi (2021). Unraveling the impact of land cover changes on climate using machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence. Big Data and Cognitive Computing. ISSN 2504-2289. 5(4), p. 1–17. doi: 10.3390/bdcc5040055. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A general issue in climate science is the handling of big data and running complex and computationally heavy simulations. In this paper, we explore the potential of using machine learning (ML) to spare computational time and optimize data usage. The paper analyzes the effects of changes in land cover (LC), such as deforestation or urbanization, on local climate. Along with green house gas emission, LC changes are known to be important causes of climate change. ML methods were trained to learn the relation between LC changes and temperature changes. The results showed that random forest (RF) outperformed other ML methods, and especially linear regression models representing current practice in the literature. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) was further used to interpret the RF method and analyze the impact of different LC changes on temperature. The results mainly agree with the climate science literature, but also reveal new and interesting findings, demonstrating that ML methods in combination with XAI can be useful in analyzing the climate effects of LC changes. All parts of the analysis pipeline are explained including data pre-processing, feature extraction, ML training, performance evaluation, and XAI.

• Wiström, Erik David; O'Connell, Kevin Sean; Karadag, Naz; Bahrami, Shahram; Hindley, Guy Frederick Lanyon & Lin, Aihua [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Genome-wide analysis reveals genetic overlap between alcohol use behaviours, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and identifies novel shared risk loci. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140. doi: 10.1111/add.15680. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Liestøl, Knut; Grundvold, Irene & Bodegard, Johan [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Novel insights into stroke risk beyond resting and maximal bicycle exercise systolic blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 39(10), p. 2022–2029. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002894.
• Monereo-Sánchez, Jennifer; Schram, Miranda T.; Frei, Oleksandr; O'Connell, Kevin Sean; Shadrin, Alexey & Smeland, Olav Bjerkehagen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Genetic Overlap Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression Mapped Onto the Brain. Frontiers in Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-4548. 15, p. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.653130. Full text in Research Archive
• Wallace, Benedikte; Martin, Charles Patrick; Tørresen, Jim & Nymoen, Kristian (2021). Exploring the Effect of Sampling Strategy on Movement Generation with Generative Neural Networks, EvoMUSART 2021: Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design. Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-72913-4. p. 344–359. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-72914-1_23.
• Isaksen, Kathrine Thuestad; Mastroianni, Maria Adele; Rinde, Marit; Rusten, Leiv Sindre; Barzenje, Dlawer Abdulla & Ramslien, Lloyd Frode [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). A simplified frailty score predicts survival and can aid treatment-intensity decisions in older patients with DLBCL. Blood Advances. ISSN 2473-9529. 5(22), p. 4771–4782. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004777. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients have a median age of 70 years. Yet, empirical knowledge on treatment for older patients is limited as they are frequently excluded from clinical trials. We aimed to construct a simplified frailty score and examine survival and treatment-related mortality (TRM) according to frailty status and treatment intensity in an older, real-world DLBCL population. All patients ≥70 years diagnosed with DLBCL 2006-2016 in south-eastern Norway (n=784) were included retrospectively, and divided into a training (n=522) and validation cohort (n=262). We constructed and validated a frailty score based on geriatric assessment variables, and examined survival and TRM according to frailty status and treatment. The frailty score identified three frailty groups with distinct survival and TRM, independent of established prognostic factors (2-year overall survival (OS) fit 82%, unfit 47%, frail 14%, P80%) was associated with better survival than attenuated R-CHOP (2-year OS 86% vs 70%, P=0.012), also in adjusted analysis. For unfit and frail patients, full-dose R-CHOP was not superior to attenuated R-CHOP, while an anthracycline-free regimen was associated with poorer survival in adjusted analyses. A simplified frailty score identified unfit and frail patients with higher risk of death and TRM, which can aid treatment intensity decisions in older DLBCL patients. In this study, fit patients benefit from full-dose R-CHOP, while unfit and frail patients have no benefit of full-dose R-CHOP over R-miniCHOP. An online calculator for assessment of the frailty score is available at https://wide.shinyapps.io/app-frailty/

• Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa Abdalla; Sundnes, Joakim; Kvalbein, Amund; Naumova, Valeriya; Reinemo, Sven-Arne & Florvaag, Per Magne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Nationwide rollout reveals efficacy of epidemic control through digital contact tracing. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 12, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26144-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fuelled by epidemiological studies of SARS-CoV-2, contact tracing by mobile phones has been put to use in many countries. Over a year into the pandemic, we lack conclusive evidence on its effectiveness. To address this gap, we used a unique real world contact data set, collected during the rollout of the first Norwegian contact tracing app in the Spring of 2020. Our dataset involves millions of contacts between 12.5% of the adult population, which enabled us to measure the real-world app performance. The technological tracing efficacy was measured at 80%, and we estimated that at least 11.0% of the discovered close contacts could not have been identified by manual contact tracing. Our results also indicated that digital contact tracing can flag individuals with excessive contacts, which can help contain superspreading related outbreaks. The overall effectiveness of digital tracing depends strongly on app uptake, but significant impact can be achieved for moderate uptake numbers. Used as a supplement to manual tracing and other measures, digital tracing can be instrumental in controlling the pandemic. Our findings can thus help informing public health policies in the coming months.

• Hindley, Guy Frederick Lanyon; Bahrami, Shahram; Steen, Nils Eiel; O'Connell, Kevin Sean; Frei, Oleksandr & Shadrin, Alexey [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Characterising the shared genetic determinants of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and risk-taking. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 11:466, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01576-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Jiang, Dan; Hveem, Tarjei S.; Glaire, Mark; Church, David N.; Kerr, David & Yang, Li [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Automated assessment of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and stroma fractions complement conventional staging of colorectal cancer. EBioMedicine. ISSN 2352-3964. 71. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103547.
• Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Shadrin, Alexey; Frei, Oleksandr; van der Meer, Dennis; Bahrami, Shahram & Kumar, Vinod J. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). The genetic architecture of the human thalamus and its overlap with ten common brain disorders. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23175-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Ma, Tao; Ali, Shaukat & Yue, Tao (2021). Testing self-healing cyber-physical systems under uncertainty with reinforcement learning: an empirical study. Empirical Software Engineering. ISSN 1382-3256. 26(3), p. 1–54. doi: 10.1007/s10664-021-09941-z.
• Meyer, Frederic; Kocbach, J.; Tjønnås, J.; Danielsen, J.; Seeberg, Trine Margrethe & Austeng, A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Temporal and kinematic patterns distinguishing the G2 from the G4 skating sub-technique. Sports Biomechanics. ISSN 1476-3141. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1959948. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In cross-country ski skating, both the G2 and G4 sub-techniques involve one pole push for every second ski push but are used at largely different speed-slope ranges. The aim of this study was to compare temporal and kinematic patterns between G2 and G4 at both identical and different speed-slope conditions. A mixed model was used to analyse spatio-temporal parameters, while a combination of dynamic time warping and statistical parametric mapping was used to compare time traces. Main spatio-temporal parameters, such as cycle time, ski contact time and swing time, differed between G2 and G4 (all p < 0.01). Moreover, two forward and more pronounced acceleration phases of the centre of mass (CoM) were visible in G4 while only one acceleration phase was present in G2. The more continuous propulsion in G2 allows for maintaining a more constant speed at steep slopes and low speeds where this sub-technique is preferred. In contrast, the achievement of high speeds while skiing on flatter terrain seem to require more dynamic motion with shorter, more explosive propulsion periods allowed for in G4. In conclusion, G2 and G4 are two unique movements as characterised by fundamentally different CoM motion and should be denoted as two different sub-techniques.

• Torgersen, Kristin Stensland; Bahrami, Shahram; Frei, Oleksandr; Shadrin, Alexey; O'Connell, Kevin Sean & Smeland, Olav Bjerkehagen [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Shared genetic architecture between neuroticism, coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 11(1), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01466-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Birkeland, Einar Elvbakken; Bucher-Johannessen, Cecilie; Vinberg, Elina; Nordby, Jan Inge & Kangas, Harri [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). The CRCbiome study: a large prospective cohort study examining the role of lifestyle and the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer screening participants. BMC Cancer. ISSN 1471-2407. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08640-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Nakken, Sigve; Saveliev, Vladislav; Hofmann, Oliver; Møller, Pål; Myklebost, Ola & Hovig, Eivind (2021). Cancer Predisposition Sequencing Reporter (CPSR): A flexible variant report engine for high-throughput germline screening in cancer. International Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0020-7136. p. 1–6. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33749. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The value of high-throughput germline genetic testing is increasingly recognized inclinical cancer care. Disease-associated germline variants in cancer patients areimportant for risk management and surveillance, surgical decisions and can also havemajor implications for treatment strategies since many are in DNA repair genes. Withthe increasing availability of high-throughput DNA sequencing in cancer clinics andresearch, there is thus a need to provide clinically oriented sequencing reports forgermline variants and their potential therapeutic relevance on a per-patient basis. Tomeet this need, we have developed the Cancer Predisposition Sequencing Reporter(CPSR), an open-source computational workflow that generates a structured reportof germline variants identified in known cancer predisposition genes, highlightingmarkers of therapeutic, prognostic and diagnostic relevance. A fully automated vari-ant classification procedure based on more than 30 refined American College ofMedical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria represents an integral part of theworkflow. Importantly, the set of cancer predisposition genes profiled in the reportcan be flexibly chosen from more than 40 virtual gene panels established by scientificexperts, enabling customization of the report for different screening purposes andclinical contexts. The report can be configured to also list actionable secondary vari-ant findings, as recommended by ACMG. CPSR demonstrates comparable sensitivityand specificity for the detection of pathogenic variants when compared to otheralgorithms in the field. Technically, the tool is implemented in Python/R, and is freelyavailable through Docker technology. Source code, documentation, example reportsand installation instructions are accessible via the project GitHub page: https://github.com/sigven/cpsr.

• Lehr, Andrew; Kumar, Arvind; Tezlaff, Christian; Hafting, Torkel; Fyhn, Marianne & Stöber, Tristan Manfred (2021). CA2 beyond social memory: Evidence for a fundamental role in hippocampal information processing. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. ISSN 0149-7634. 126, p. 398–412. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.020. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hippocampal region CA2 has received increased attention due to its importance in social recognition memory. While its specific function remains to be identified, there are indications that CA2 plays a major role in a variety of situations, widely extending beyond social memory. In this targeted review, we highlight lines of research which have begun to converge on a more fundamental role for CA2 in hippocampus-dependent memory processing. We discuss recent proposals that speak to the computations CA2 may perform within the hippocampal circuit.

• Lepperød, Mikkel Elle; Christensen, Ane Charlotte; Lensjø, Kristian Kinden; Buccino, Alessio Paolo; Yu, Jai & Fyhn, Marianne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Optogenetic pacing of medial septum parvalbumin-positive cells disrupts temporal but not spatial firing in grid cells. Science Advances. ISSN 2375-2548. 7(19). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5684. Full text in Research Archive
• Vagos, Marcia Raquel da Silva e Sousa; Arevalo, Hermenegild; Heijman, Jordi; Schotten, Ulrich & Sundnes, Joakim (2021). A Computational Study of the Effects of Tachycardia-Induced Remodeling on Calcium Wave Propagation in Rabbit Atrial Myocytes. Frontiers in Physiology. ISSN 1664-042X. 12, p. 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651428.
• Shahraki, Amin; Taherkordi, Amirhosein & Haugen, Øystein (2021). TONTA: Trend-based Online Network Traffic Analysis in ad-hoc IoT networks. Computer Networks. ISSN 1389-1286. 194. doi: 10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108125. Full text in Research Archive
• Touileb, Samia; Øvrelid, Lilja & Velldal, Erik (2021). Using Gender- and Polarity-Informed Models to Investigate Bias. In Costa-jussà, Marta R.; Gonen, Hila; Hardmeier, Christian & Webster, Kellie (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-954085-61-9. p. 66–74. doi: 10.18653/v1/2021.gebnlp-1.8.
• Touileb, Samia & Barnes, Jeremy (2021). The interplay between language similarity and script on a novel multi-layer Algerian dialect corpus. In Zong, Chengqing; Xia, Fei; Li, Wenjie & Navigli, Roberto (Ed.), Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021. Association for Computational Linguistics. ISSN 978-1-954085-54-1. p. 3700–3712. doi: 10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.324. Show summary

  Recent years have seen a rise in interest for cross-lingual transfer between languages with similar typology, and between languages of various scripts.However, the interplay be-tween language similarity and difference in script on cross-lingual transfer is a less studied problem. We explore this interplay on cross-lingual transfer for two supervised tasks,namely part-of-speech tagging and sentiment analysis.We introduce a newly annotated corpus of Algerian user-generated comments comprising parallel annotations of Algerian written in Latin, Arabic, and code-switched scripts, as well as annotations for sentiment and topic categories.We perform baseline experiments by fine-tuning multi-lingual language models. We further explore the effect of script vs. language similarity in cross-lingual transfer by fine-tuning multi-lingual models on languages which are a) typologically distinct, but use the same script, b) typologically similar, but use a distinct script, or c) are typo-logically similar and use the same script. We find there is a delicate relationship between script and typology for part-of-speech, while sentiment analysis is less sensitive.

• Brekke, Pål Haugar; Rama, Taraka; Pilán, Ildikó; Nytrø, Øystein & Øvrelid, Lilja (2021). Synthetic data for annotation and extraction of family history information from clinical text. Journal of Biomedical Semantics. ISSN 2041-1480. 12(11). doi: 10.1186/s13326-021-00244-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Rødevand, Linn ; Bahrami, Shahram; Frei, Oleksandr; Chu, Yunhan; Shadrin, Alexey A. & O'Connell, Kevin Sean [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Extensive bidirectional genetic overlap between bipolar disorder and cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 11. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01527-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Nakken, Sigve; Lilleby, Wolfgang; Switlyk, Marta Daniela; Knudsen, Karen E.; Lilleby, Oscar & Zhao, Sen [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). The quandary of dna-based treatment assessment in de novo metastatic prostate cancer in the era of precision oncology. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 11(5), p. 1–18. doi: 10.3390/jpm11050330. Full text in Research Archive
• Dahal-Koirala, Shiva; Risnes, Louise Fremgaard; Neumann, Ralf Stefan; Christophersen, Asbjørn; Lundin, Knut E. A. & Sandve, Geir Kjetil [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Comprehensive Analysis of CDR3 Sequences in Gluten-Specific T-Cell Receptors Reveals a Dominant R-Motif and Several New Minor Motifs. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 12:639672, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639672. Full text in Research Archive
• Ramberg, Håkon Andre; Richardsen, Elin; De Souza, Gustavo Antonio; Rakaee, Mehrdad; Stensland, Maria & Braadland, Peder Rustøen [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Proteomic analyses identify major vault protein as a prognostic biomarker for fatal prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis. ISSN 0143-3334. 42(5), p. 685–693. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgab015. Full text in Research Archive
• Mandishora, Racheal S. Dube; Rounge, Trine Ballestad; Fitzpatrick, Megan; Christiansen, Hanne Irene Kraus; Ambur, Ole Herman & Lagström, Sonja [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Self-collected and clinician-collected anal swabs show modest agreement for HPV genotyping. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250426. Full text in Research Archive
• Jha, Debesh; Ali, Sharib; Hicks, Steven; Thambawita, Vajira L B; Borgli, Hanna & Smedsrud, Pia [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). A comprehensive analysis of classification methods in gastrointestinal endoscopy imaging. Medical Image Analysis. ISSN 1361-8415. 70. doi: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102007. Full text in Research Archive
• Aamdal, Elin; Inderberg, Else Marit ; Ellingsen, Espen Basmo; Rasch, Wenche; Brunsvig, Paal Fr. & Aamdal, Steinar [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Combining a universal telomerase based cancer vaccine with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma - Five-year follow up of a phase I/IIa trial. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 12, p. 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663865. Full text in Research Archive
• Sert, M Bilal; Kristensen, Gunnar S Balle; Kleppe, Andreas & Dørum, Anne (2021). Long-term oncological outcomes and recurrence patterns in early-stage cervical cancer treated with minimally invasive versus abdominal radical hysterectomy: The Norwegian Radium Hospital experience. Gynecologic Oncology. ISSN 0090-8258. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.028. Full text in Research Archive
• Sharma, Ankush & Colonna, Giovanni (2021). System-Wide Pollution of Biomedical Data: Consequence of the Search for Hub Genes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Spatiotemporal Consideration. Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy. ISSN 1177-1062. 25(1), p. 9–27. doi: 10.1007/s40291-020-00505-3.
• Maximov, Ivan; van der Meer, Dennis; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Kaufmann, Tobias; Shadrin, Alexey A. & Frei, Oleksandr [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Fast qualitY conTrol meThod foR derIved diffUsion Metrics (YTTRIUM) in big data analysis: U.K. Biobank 18,608 example. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25424. Full text in Research Archive
• Teatini, Andrea; Kumar, Rahul Prasanna; Elle, Ole Jacob & Wiig, Ola (2021). Mixed reality as a novel tool for diagnostic and surgical navigation in orthopaedics. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. ISSN 1861-6410. 16(3), p. 407–414. doi: 10.1007/s11548-020-02302-z.
• Smedsrud, Pia; Thambawita, Vajira L B; Hicks, Steven; Gjestang, Henrik; Nedrejord, Oda Olsen & Næss, Espen [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2021). Kvasir-Capsule, a video capsule endoscopy dataset. Scientific Data. ISSN 2052-4463. 8. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00920-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Prasad, Pravda Jith Ray; Survarachakan, Shanmugapriya; Khan, Zohaib Amjad; Lindseth, Frank; Elle, Ole Jacob & Albregtsen, Fritz [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Numerical evaluation on parametric choices influencing segmentation results in radiology images—a multi-dataset study. Electronics. ISSN 2079-9292. 10:431(4), p. 1–25. doi: 10.3390/electronics10040431. Full text in Research Archive
• Blachet, Antoine; Austeng, Andreas; Aparicio, Joaquin; Hunter, Alan Joseph & Hansen, Roy Edgar (2021). Multibeam Echosounder With Orthogonal Waveforms: Feasibility and Potential Benefits. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. ISSN 0364-9059. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2021.3052568. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Modern multibeam echosounders (MBE) employ frequency-division techniques (FDT) to ensonify multiple sectors within the same ping cycle. This leads to improved performance in coverage rate, and yaw and pitch stabilization. However, it introduces a bias among sectors because MBES systems are frequency dependent. It also reduces the maximum pulse bandwidth compared to a single-sector sonar. In this study, we consider the code-division technique (CDT) as a solution to this problem. A set of orthogonal coded pulses are received within the same frequency band, and each sector is separated with a matched filter. We assess the feasibility of the technique through two stages. 1) First, we formulate an analytical model describing the power and crosstalk budgets of any multisector MBES. The model can then be used to design transmission sequences fitting these budgets. 2) Then, we display the practical usage of the technique for MBES imaging and mapping through simulated case studies. For the same total time-bandwidth budget, we compare the performance of FDT, CDT, and multicarrier CDT (MC-CDT), a hybrid method employing CDT and FDT, which is robust to strong dynamic backscatter. This study considers only bottom detection based on signal amplitude. Our results show that it is possible to share a larger frequency bandwidth between multiple sectors while maintaining an acceptable bottom detection performance similar to FDT. Our choice of time-bandwidth product with CDT offers a crosstalk suppression of − 25 dB between sectors, but may display low-magnitude residual artefacts in the water-column data. MC-CDT provides a significant gain of pulse bandwidth while it offers interband separation performance comparable to FDT and reduces significantly the water-column artefacts.

• Nozari Mirarkolaei, Hani; Snare, Sten Roar & Solberg, Anne H Schistad (2021). A robust bidirectional motion-compensated interpolation algorithm to enhance temporal resolution of 3D echocardiography. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. ISSN 1746-8094. 65, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102384.
• Nygaard, Tønnes; Martin, Charles Patrick; Howard, David; Tørresen, Jim & Glette, Kyrre (2021). Environmental Adaptation of Robot Morphology and Control Through Real-world Evolution. Evolutionary Computation. ISSN 1063-6560. doi: 10.1162/evco_a_00291. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Robots operating in the real world will experience a range of different environments and tasks. It is essential for the robot to have the ability to adapt to its surroundings to work efficiently in changing conditions. Evolutionary robotics aims to solve this by optimizing both the control and body (morphology) of a robot, allowing adaptation to internal, as well as external factors. Most work in this field has been done in physics simulators, which are relatively simple and not able to replicate the richness of interactions found in the real world. Solutions that rely on the complex interplay between control, body, and environment are therefore rarely found. In this paper, we rely solely on real-world evaluations and apply evolutionary search to yield combinations of morphology and control for our mechanically self-reconfiguring quadruped robot. We evolve solutions on two distinct physical surfaces and analyze the results in terms of both control and morphology. We then transition to two previously unseen surfaces to demonstrate the generality of our method. We find that the evolutionary search finds high-performing and diverse morphology-controller configurations by adapting both control and body to the different properties of the physical environments. We additionally find that morphology and control vary with statistical significance between the environments. Moreover, we observe that our method allows for morphology and control parameters to transfer to previously-unseen terrains, demonstrating the generality of our approach.

• Kleppe, Andreas; Skrede, Ole-Johan; De Raedt, Sepp; Liestøl, Knut; Kerr, David J. & Danielsen, Håvard Emil (2021). Designing deep learning studies in cancer diagnostics. Nature Reviews Cancer. ISSN 1474-175X. 21(3), p. 199–211. doi: 10.1038/s41568-020-00327-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Tønnes; Martin, Charles Patrick; Tørresen, Jim; Glette, Kyrre & Howard, David (2021). Real-world embodied AI through a morphologically adaptive quadruped robot. Nature Machine Intelligence. doi: 10.1038/s42256-021-00320-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Robots are traditionally bound by a fixed morphology during their operational lifetime, which is limited to adapting only their control strategies. Here we present the first quadrupedal robot that can morphologically adapt to different environmental conditions in outdoor, unstructured environments. Our solution is rooted in embodied AI and comprises two components: (1) a robot that permits in situ morphological adaptation and (2) an adaptation algorithm that transitions between the most energy-efficient morphologies on the basis of the currently sensed terrain. We first build a model that describes how the robot morphology affects performance on selected terrains. We then test continuous adaptation on realistic outdoor terrain while allowing the robot to constantly update its model. We show that the robot exploits its training to effectively transition between different morphological configurations, exhibiting substantial performance improvements over a non-adaptive approach. The demonstrated benefits of real-world morphological adaptation demonstrate the potential for a new embodied way of incorporating adaptation into future robotic designs.

• Abbasi, Mahmoud; Shahraki, Amin & Taherkordi, Amirhosein (2021). Deep Learning for Network Traffic Monitoring and Analysis (NTMA): A Survey. Computer Communications. ISSN 0140-3664. 170, p. 19–41. doi: 10.1016/j.comcom.2021.01.021. Full text in Research Archive
• Rødevand, Linn ; Bahrami, Shahram; Frei, Oleksandr; Lin, Aihua; Gani, Osman & Shadrin, Alexey A. [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Polygenic overlap and shared genetic loci between loneliness, severe mental disorders, and cardiovascular disease risk factors suggest shared molecular mechanisms. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 11(1). doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01142-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggest that loneliness is associated with severe mental disorders (SMDs) and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between loneliness, SMDs, and CVD risk factors remain unknown. Here we explored overlapping genetic architecture and genetic loci shared between SMDs, loneliness, and CVD risk factors. We analyzed large independent genome-wide association study data on schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MD), loneliness and CVD risk factors using bivariate causal mixture mode (MiXeR), which estimates the total amount of shared variants, and conditional false discovery rate to evaluate overlap in specific loci. We observed substantial genetic overlap between SMDs, loneliness and CVD risk factors, beyond genetic correlation. We identified 149 loci jointly associated with loneliness and SMDs (MD n = 67, SCZ n = 54, and BD n = 28), and 55 distinct loci jointly associated with loneliness and CVD risk factors. A total of 153 novel loneliness loci were found. Most of the shared loci possessed concordant effect directions, suggesting that genetic risk for loneliness may increase the risk of both SMDs and CVD. Functional analyses of the shared loci implicated biological processes related to the brain, metabolic processes, chromatin and immune system. Altogether, the study revealed polygenic overlap between loneliness, SMDs and CVD risk factors, providing new insights into their shared genetic architecture and common genetic mechanisms.

• Jha, Debesh; Smedsrud, Pia; Johansen, Dag; de Lange, Thomas; Johansen, Håvard D. & Halvorsen, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). A Comprehensive Study on Colorectal Polyp Segmentation with ResUNet++, Conditional Random Field and Test-Time Augmentation. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. ISSN 2168-2194. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2021.3049304. Full text in Research Archive
• Abbasi, Mahmoud; Shahraki, Amin; Barzegar, Hamid R. & Pahl, Claus (2021). Synchronization Techniques in "Device to Device- and Vehicular to Vehicular-enabled" Cellular Networks: A survey. Computers and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0045-7906. 90. doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106955. Full text in Research Archive
• Forberg, Henrik Storm; Nygaard, Tønnes & Høvin, Mats Erling (2020). Generative Truss Optimization for Support-Free Fused Filament Fabrication. In Arabnia, Hamid R.; Deligiannidis, Leonidas; Tinetti, Fernando G. & Tran, Quoc-Nam (Ed.), Proceedings of 2020 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. ISSN 9781728176246. p. 149–1497.
• Pelanis, Egidijus; Teatini, Andrea; Eigl, Benjamin; Regensburger, Alois; Alzaga, Amilcar & Kumar, Rahul Prasanna [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Evaluation of a novel navigation platform for laparoscopic liver surgery with organ deformation compensation using injected fiducials. Medical Image Analysis. ISSN 1361-8415. 69. doi: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101946. Show summary

  In laparoscopic liver resection, surgeons conventionally rely on anatomical landmarks detected through a laparoscope, preoperative volumetric images and laparoscopic ultrasound to compensate for the challenges of minimally invasive access. Image guidance using optical tracking and registration procedures is a promising tool, although often undermined by its inaccuracy. This study evaluates a novel surgical navigation solution that can compensate for liver deformations using an accurate and effective registration method. The proposed solution relies on a robotic C-arm to perform registration to preoperative CT/MRI image data and allows for intraoperative updates during resection using fluoroscopic images. Navigation is offered both as a 3D liver model with real-time instrument visualization, as well as an augmented reality overlay on the laparoscope camera view. Testing was conducted through a pre-clinical trial which included four porcine models. Accuracy of the navigation system was measured through two evaluation methods: liver surface fiducials reprojection and a comparison between planned and navigated resection margins. Target Registration Error with the fiducials evaluation shows that the accuracy in the vicinity of the lesion was 3.78 ± 1.89 mm. Resection margin evaluations resulted in an overall median accuracy of 4.44 mm with a maximum error of 9.75 mm over the four subjects. The presented solution is accurate enough to be potentially clinically beneficial for surgical guidance in laparoscopic liver surgery.

• Nikolaidis, Konstantinos; Kristiansen, Stein; Goebel, Vera Hermine; Plagemann, Thomas Peter; Liestøl, Knut & Kankanhalli, Mohan (2020). Augmenting Physiological Time Series Data: A Case Study for Sleep Apnea Detection. In Koprinska, Irena (Eds.), Workshops of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD 2020): SoGood 2020, PDFL 2020, MLCS 2020, NFMCP 2020, DINA 2020, EDML 2020, XKDD 2020 and INRA 2020). Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-65964-6. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46133-1_23.
• Qadir, Hemin Ali Qadir; Shin, Younghak; Sølhusvik, Johannes; Bergsland, Jacob; Aabakken, Lars & Balasingham, Ilangko (2020). Toward real-time polyp detection using fully CNNs for 2D Gaussian shapes prediction. Medical Image Analysis. ISSN 1361-8415. 68. doi: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101897. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  To decrease colon polyp miss-rate during colonoscopy, a real-time detection system with high accuracy is needed. Recently, there have been many efforts to develop models for real-time polyp detection, but work is still required to develop real-time detection algorithms with reliable results. We use single-shot feed-forward fully convolutional neural networks (F-CNN) to develop an accurate real-time polyp detection system. F-CNNs are usually trained on binary masks for object segmentation. We propose the use of 2D Gaussian masks instead of binary masks to enable these models to detect different types of polyps more effectively and efficiently and reduce the number of false positives. The experimental results showed that the proposed 2D Gaussian masks are efficient for detection of flat and small polyps with unclear boundaries between background and polyp parts. The masks make a better training effect to discriminate polyps from the polyp-like false positives. The proposed method achieved state-of-the-art results on two polyp datasets. On the ETIS-LARIB dataset we achieved 86.54% recall, 86.12% precision, and 86.33% F1-score, and on the CVC-ColonDB we achieved 91% recall, 88.35% precision, and F1-score 89.65%.

• Buccino, Alessio Paolo; Hurwitz, Cole Lincoln; Garcia, Samuel; Magland, Jeremy; Siegle, Joshua H. & Hurwitz, Roger [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). SpikeInterface, a unified framework for spike sorting. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 9, p. 1–24. doi: 10.7554/eLife.61834.
• Magland, Jeremy; Jun, James J.; Lovero, Elizabeth; Morley, Alexander J.; Hurwitz, Cole Lincoln & Buccino, Alessio Paolo [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Spikeforest, reproducible web-facing ground-truth validation of automated neural spike sorters. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 9, p. 1–22. doi: 10.7554/eLife.55167. Full text in Research Archive
• Dominguez-Valentin, Mev; Seppälä, Toni T.; Engel, Christoph; Aretz, Stefan; Macrae, Finlay & Winship, Ingrid [Show all 45 contributors for this article] (2020). Risk-Reducing Gynecological Surgery in Lynch Syndrome: Results of an International Survey from the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database. Journal of Clinical Medicine. ISSN 2077-0383. 9(7). doi: 10.3390/jcm9072290.
• Jensen, Are Charles & Austeng, Andreas (2020). Speckle Reduction Using Adaptive Receive-Side Compounding. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control. ISSN 0885-3010. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2020.3035031. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A typical approach to reduce speckle in coherent imaging systems, is to average same-target images with different speckle realizations. We study settings where such realizations come from applying different transducer-array element-weights at reception, referred to here as receive compounding. An effect of such compounding is reduced spatial resolution, causing smearing of point-like image structures, filling of cysts and expansion of hyperechoic regions. In this paper we study how these unwanted effects can be mitigated by combining the compounding with a small, phase-based, adaptive steering of the array at reception. The adaptivity is based on a criterion akin to that of the Capon beamformer; a minimum-output distortionless response. Here, the distortionless part ensures that however we steer, we have a uniform at-focus response. We have applied this adaptive steering in combination with several receive compounding techniques on simulated Field II, phantom and in vivo data. The results show that all the studied compounding techniques respond to this positively in light of the mentioned unwanted effects. The technique based on Thomson’s multitaper method even surpassed the non-compounded equivalent in reproducing the geometry of structures. The speckle reduction, as measured by the change in the pixel mean to standard deviation ratio, is indeed lower, and there are subtle changes in the spatial speckle patterns when applying steering; however, we believe that in most cases the negative effects are tolerable in light of the benefits gained. The suggested approach is intuitive and easily implemented.

• Safdar, Safdar Aqeel; Lu, Hong; Yue, Tao; Ali, Shaukat & Nie, Kunming (2020). A framework for automated multi-stage and multi-step product configuration of cyber-physical systems. Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM). ISSN 1619-1366. 20, p. 211–265. doi: 10.1007/s10270-020-00803-8.
• Liu, Jingjing; van der Smissen, Wendy J. C. Prager; Collee, Margriet J.; Bolla, Manjeet K.; Wang, Qin & Kristensen, Vessela N. [Show all 82 contributors for this article] (2020). Germline HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C do not confer an increased breast cancer risk. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10:9688(1), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65665-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In breast cancer, high levels of homeobox protein Hox-B13 (HOXB13) have been associated with disease progression of ER-positive breast cancer patients and resistance to tamoxifen treatment. Since HOXB13 p.G84E is a prostate cancer risk allele, we evaluated the association between HOXB13 germline mutations and breast cancer risk in a previous study consisting of 3,270 familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 2,327 controls from the Netherlands. Although both recurrent HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C were not associated with breast cancer risk, the risk estimation for p.R217C was not very precise. To provide more conclusive evidence regarding the role of HOXB13 in breast cancer susceptibility, we here evaluated the association between HOXB13 mutations and increased breast cancer risk within 81 studies of the international Breast Cancer Association Consortium containing 68,521 invasive breast cancer patients and 54,865 controls. Both HOXB13 p.G84E and p.R217C did not associate with the development of breast cancer in European women, neither in the overall analysis (OR=1.035, 95% CI=0.859–1.246, P=0.718 and OR=0.798, 95% CI=0.482–1.322, P=0.381 respectively), nor in specifc high-risk subgroups or breast cancer subtypes. Thus, although involved in breast cancer progression, HOXB13 is not a material breast cancer susceptibility gene.

• Nedrejord, Oda Olsen; Lasantha Bandara Thambawita, Vajira; Hicks, Steven; Halvorsen, Pål & Riegler, Michael (2020). Vid2Pix - A Framework for Generating High-Quality Synthetic Videos. In Bulterman, Dick; Kankanhalli, Mohan S.; Muehlhaeuser, Max; Persia, Fabio; Sheu, Phillip C.Y. & Tsai, Jeffrey J.P. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-7281-8698-6. p. 25–26. doi: 10.1109/ISM.2020.00010.
• Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Engeseth, Kristian; Erikssen, Jan Emil; Bodegard, Johan & Liestøl, Knut [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Change in body weight and long-term risk of stroke and death in healthy men. Stroke. ISSN 0039-2499. 51(5), p. 1435–1441. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027233.
• Leppä, Sirpa; Jørgensen, Judit; Tierens, Anne; Meriranta, Leo; Østlie, Ingunn & Brown, Peter de Nully [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2020). Patients with high-risk DLBCL benefit from dose-dense immunochemotherapy combined with early systemic CNS prophylaxis. Blood Advances. ISSN 2473-9529. 4(9), p. 1906–1915. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001518. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Survival of patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is suboptimal, and the risk of central nervous system (CNS) progression is relatively high. We conducted a phase 2 trial in 139 patients aged 18 to 64 years who had primary DLBCL with an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) score of 2 to 3 or site-specific risk factors for CNS recurrence. The goal was to assess whether a dose-dense immunochemotherapy with early systemic CNS prophylaxis improves the outcome and reduces the incidence of CNS events. Treatment consisted of 2 courses of high-dose methotrexate in combination with biweekly rituximab (R), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP-14), followed by 4 courses of R-CHOP-14 with etoposide (R-CHOEP) and 1 course of high-dose cytarabine with R. In addition, liposomal cytarabine was administered intrathecally at courses 1, 3, and 5. Coprimary endpoints were failure-free survival and CNS progression rates. Thirty-six (26%) patients experienced treatment failure. Progression occurred in 23 (16%) patients, including three (2.2%) CNS events. At 5 years of median follow-up, failure-free survival, overall survival, and CNS progression rates were 74%, 83%, and 2.3%, respectively. Treatment reduced the risk of progression compared with our previous trial, in which systemic CNS prophylaxis was given after 6 courses of biweekly R-CHOEP (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31-0.77; P = .002) and overcame the adverse impact of an aaIPI score of 3 on survival. In addition, outcome of the patients with BCL2/MYC double-hit lymphomas was comparable to the patients without the rearrangements. The results are encouraging, with a low toxic death rate, low number of CNS events, and favorable survival rates. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01325194.

• Wise, Jillian; Nakken, Sigve; Steen, Chloe Beate; Vodak, Daniel; Trøen, Gunhild & Johannessen, Bjarne [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2020). Mutational dynamics and immune evasion in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma explored in a relapse-enriched patient series. Blood Advances. ISSN 2473-9529. 4(9), p. 1859–1866. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001325. Show summary

  • Diagnostic and relapse diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) biopsies reveal increased mutational burden/loss of heterozygosity in HLA-A. • Serially sampled tumor biopsies provide insight into therapeutic targets and evolutionary divergence in relapsed/refractory DLBCL.

• Pace, Marta; Falappa, Matteo; Freschi, Andrea; Balzani, Edoardo; Berteotti, Chiara & Martire, Viviana Lo [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Loss of Snord116 impacts lateral hypothalamus, sleep, and food-related behaviors. JCI Insight. ISSN 2379-3708. 5(12), p. 1–18. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.137495.
• Stöber, Tristan Manfred; Lehr, Andrew B; Hafting, Torkel; Kumar, Arvind & Fyhn, Marianne (2020). Selective neuromodulation and mutual inhibition within the CA3-CA2 system can prioritize sequences for replay. Hippocampus. ISSN 1050-9631. doi: 10.1002/hipo.23256. Full text in Research Archive
• Mirza, Yusuf Ahmed; Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Selmer, Randi Marie; Liestøl, Knut; Grundvold, Irene & Erikssen, Jan Emil [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Tiårsprediksjon av hjerte-og karsykdom hos friske norske menn basert på NORRISK-2. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(12), p. 1–10. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0089. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoff, Andreas Midbøe; Kraggerud, Sigrid M.; Alagaratnam, Sharmini; Berg, Kaja Christine Graue; Johannessen, Bjarne & Høland, Maren [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Frequent copy number gains of SLC2A3 and ETV1 in testicular embryonal carcinomas. Endocrine-Related Cancer. ISSN 1351-0088. 27(9), p. 457–468. doi: 10.1530/ERC-20-0064. Full text in Research Archive
• Kirkebø, Jan Egil; Werkhausen, Amelie; Seynnes, Olivier R. & Austeng, Andreas (2020). Automated Characterization of Muscle Architectural Variation in Ultrasound Images. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. ISSN 1948-5719. doi: 10.1109/IUS46767.2020.9251536. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fascicle (fiber bundle) orientation and length are useful parameters to infer the force potential of skeletal muscles. Ultrasound imaging is commonly used to determine fascicle characteristics. In most of the literature, automated methods simplify analysis by assimilating fascicles and aponeuroses (connective tissue on which fascicles are anchored) to straight lines that are homogeneously arranged along the muscle length. In practice, manual adjustments are often needed to the realizations of the proposed automated methods due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the images. We propose a fully automated and robust method that determines non-linear aponeuroses and fascicles over entire panoramic images, reflecting the real structure of the muscle and its fibers.

• Keller, Andreas; Fehlmann, Tobias; Backes, Christina; Kern, Fabian; Gislefoss, Randi Elin & Langseth, Hilde [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Competitive learning suggests circulating miRNA profiles for cancers decades prior to diagnosis. RNA Biology. ISSN 1547-6286. 17(10), p. 1416–1426. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1771945.
• Lunsæter, Sivert Frang; Iwashita, Yumi; Stoica, Adrian & Tørresen, Jim (2020). Terrain Classification from an Aerial Perspective. In Gabbar, Hossam A. & Trajkovic, Ljiljana (Ed.), Proceedings of 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) . IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-7281-8527-9. p. 173–177. doi: 10.1109/SMC42975.2020.9283333.
• Teatini, Andrea; Perez de Frutos, Javier; Eigl, Benjamin; Pelanis, Egidijus; Aghayan, Davit & Lai, Marco [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Influence of sampling accuracy on augmented reality for laparoscopic image-guided surgery. MITAT. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies. ISSN 1364-5706. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1080/13645706.2020.1727524. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of point-based registration (PBR) when used for augmented reality (AR) in laparoscopic liver resection surgery. Material and methods The study was conducted in three different scenarios in which the accuracy of sampling targets for PBR decreases: using an assessment phantom with machined divot holes, a patient-specific liver phantom with markers visible in computed tomography (CT) scans and in vivo, relying on the surgeon’s anatomical understanding to perform annotations. Target registration error (TRE) and fiducial registration error (FRE) were computed using five randomly selected positions for image-to-patient registration. Results AR with intra-operative CT scanning showed a mean TRE of 6.9 mm for the machined phantom, 7.9 mm for the patient-specific phantom and 13.4 mm in the in vivo study. Conclusions AR showed an increase in both TRE and FRE throughout the experimental studies, proving that AR is not robust to the sampling accuracy of the targets used to compute image-to-patient registration. Moreover, an influence of the size of the volume to be register was observed. Hence, it is advisable to reduce both errors due to annotations and the size of registration volumes, which can cause large errors in AR systems.

• Zachariadis, Orestis; Teatini, Andrea; satpute, Nitin; Gómez-Luna, Juan; Mutlu, Onur & Elle, Ole Jacob [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Accelerating B-spline interpolation on GPUs: Application to medical image registration. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. ISSN 0169-2607. 193, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105431.
• Engebråten, Sondre Andreas; Moen, Hans Jonas Fossum; Yakimenko, Oleg A. & Glette, Kyrre (2020). A framework for automatic behavior generation in multi-function swarms. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. ISSN 2296-9144. 7:579403, p. 1–19. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2020.579403. Full text in Research Archive
• Viljakainen, Jannina; Raju, Sajan C.; Viljakainen, Heli; Figueiredo, Rejane Augusta de Oliveira; Roos, Eva & Weiderpass, Elisabete [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Meal Regularity Plays a Role in Shaping the Saliva Microbiota. Frontiers in Microbiology. ISSN 1664-302X. 11. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00757. Full text in Research Archive
• Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Austeng, Andreas & Hansen, Roy Edgar (2020). Data-Driven Autocalibration for Swath Sonars. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. ISSN 0364-9059. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2020.3036184. Full text in Research Archive
• Grytten, Ivar; Rand, Knut Dagestad; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan & Sandve, Geir Kjetil (2020). Assessing graph-based read mappers against a baseline approach highlights strengths and weaknesses of current methods. BMC Genomics. ISSN 1471-2164. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-6685-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Wajdan, Ali; Krogh, Magnus Reinsfelt; Villegas-Martinez, Manuel; Halvorsen, Per Steinar; Elle, Ole Jacob & Remme, Espen W. (2020). Automatic detection of valve events by epicardial accelerometer allows estimation of the left ventricular pressure trace and pressure–displacement loop area. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76637-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Salles, Sebastien; Kvåle, Kaja Frøysaa; Lervik, Lars Christian Naterstad; Støylen, Asbjørn; Løvstakken, Lasse & Samset, Eigil [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Detection of Tissue Fibrosis using Natural Mechanical Wave Velocity Estimation: Feasibility Study. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. ISSN 0301-5629. 46(9), p. 2481–2492. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.022.
• Buccino, Alessio Paolo; Kuchta, Miroslav; Schreiner, Jakob Emil & Mardal, Kent-Andre (2020). Improving Neural Simulations with the EMI Model. In Tveito, Aslak; Mardal, Kent-Andre & Rognes, Marie (Ed.), Modeling Excitable Tissue -- The EMI Framework. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-61156-9. p. 87–98.
• Hamnvik, Sondre; Bernabé, Pierre & Sen, Sagar (2020). Yolo4Apnea: Real-time Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. In Bessiere, Christian (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2020. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. ISSN 978-0-9992411-6-5. p. 5234–5236. doi: 10.24963/ijcai.2020/754. Show summary

  Obstructive sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that affects an estimated one billion adults worldwide. It causes breathing to repeatedly stop and start during sleep which over years increases the risk of hypertension, heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's, and cancer. In this demo, we present Yolo4Apnea a deep learning system extending You Only Look Once (Yolo) system to detect sleep apnea events from abdominal breathing patterns in real-time enabling immediate awareness and action. Abdominal breathing is measured using a respiratory inductance plethysmography sensor worn around the stomach. The source code is available at https://github.com/simula-vias/Yolo4Apnea

• Vagos, Marcia Raquel da Silva e Sousa; Arevalo, Hermenegild; Heijman, Jordi; Schotten, Ulrich & Sundnes, Joakim (2020). A novel computational model of the rabbit atrial cardiomyocyte with spatial calcium dynamics. Frontiers in Physiology. ISSN 1664-042X. 11:556156, p. 1–17. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.556156.
• Farooq, Amna; Grønmyr, Sindre; Omer, Ali Avan; Rognes, Torbjørn; Scheffler, Katja & Bjørås, Magnar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). HMST-Seq-Analyzer: A new python tool for differential methylation and hydroxymethylation analysis in various DNA methylation sequencing data. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. ISSN 2001-0370. 18, p. 2877–2889. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.038. Full text in Research Archive
• Gilbert, Andrew David; Holden, Marit; Eikvil, Line; Rakhmail, Mariia; Babic, Aleksandar & Aase, Svein Arne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). User-Intended Doppler Measurement Type Prediction Combining CNNs With Smart Post-Processing. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. ISSN 2168-2194. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2020.3029392. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Spectral Doppler measurements are an important part of the standard echocardiographic examination. These measurements give insight into myocardial motion and blood flow providing clinicians with parameters for diagnostic decision making. Many of these measurements are performed automatically with high accuracy, increasing the efficiency of the diagnostic pipeline. However, full automation is not yet available because the user must manually select which measurement should be performed on each image. In this work, we develop a pipeline based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automatically classify the measurement type from cardiac Doppler scans. We show how the multi-modal information in each spectral Doppler recording can be combined using a meta parameter post-processing mapping scheme and heatmaps to encode coordinate locations. Additionally, we experiment with several architectures to examine the tradeoff between accuracy, speed, and memory usage for resource-constrained environments. Finally, we propose a confidence metric using the values in the last fully connected layer of the network and show that our confidence metric can prevent many misclassifications. Our algorithm enables a fully automatic pipeline from acquisition to Doppler spectrum measurements. We achieve 96% accuracy on a test set drawn from separate clinical sites, indicating that the proposed method is suitable for clinical adoption.

• Tariverdi, Abbas; Venkiteswaran, Venkatasubramanian Kalpathy; Martinsen, Ørjan Grøttem; Elle, Ole Jacob; Tørresen, Jim & Misra, Sarthak (2020). Dynamic modeling of soft continuum manipulators using lie group variational integration. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15:e0236121(7), p. 1–29. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236121. Full text in Research Archive
• Brägelmann, Johannes; Ponce, Carol Barahona; Marcelain, Katherine; Roessler, Stephanie; Goeppert, Benjamin & Ivan, Gallegos [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2020). Epigenome‐wide analysis of methylation changes in the sequence of gallstone disease, dysplasia, and gallbladder cancer . Hepatology. ISSN 0270-9139. doi: 10.1002/hep.31585.
• Scherer, Dominique; López, Marcela Dávila; Goeppert, Benjamin; Abrahamsson, Sanna; Silos, Rosa González & Nova, Igor [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). RNA Sequencing of Hepatobiliary Cancer Cell Lines: Data and Applications to Mutational and Transcriptomic Profiling. Cancers. ISSN 2072-6694. 12(9). doi: 10.3390/cancers12092510. Full text in Research Archive
• Skrede, Ole-Johan; De Raedt, Sepp; Kleppe, Andreas; Hveem, Tarjei Sveinsgjerd; Liestøl, Knut & Maddison, John [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2020). Deep learning for prediction of colorectal cancer outcome: a discovery and validation study. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 395:10221, p. 350–360. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32998-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Eriksrød, Jon Håvard; Burkhart, John; Lande, Tor Sverre & Hamran, Svein-Erik (2020). Bistatic SAR Radar for Long-Term Snow Pack Monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. ISSN 0196-2892. 58(1), p. 218–226. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2935781.
• Lepperød, Mikkel Elle; Dragly, Svenn-Arne; Buccino, Alessio Paolo; Mobarhan, Milad; Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders & Hafting, Torkel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Experimental Pipeline (Expipe): A Lightweight Data Management Platform to Simplify the Steps From Experiment to Data Analysis. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. ISSN 1662-5196. 14. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00030. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As experimental neuroscience is moving toward more integrative approaches, with a variety of acquisition techniques covering multiple spatiotemporal scales, data management is becoming increasingly challenging for neuroscience laboratories. Often, datasets are too large to practically be stored on a laptop or a workstation. The ability to query metadata collections without retrieving complete datasets is therefore critical to efficiently perform new analyses and explore the data. At the same time, new experimental paradigms lead to constantly changing specifications for the metadata to be stored. Despite this, there is currently a serious lack of agile software tools for data management in neuroscience laboratories. To meet this need, we have developed Expipe, a lightweight data management framework that simplifies the steps from experiment to data analysis. Expipe provides the functionality to store and organize experimental data and metadata for easy retrieval in exploration and analysis throughout the experimental pipeline. It is flexible in terms of defining the metadata to store and aims to solve the storage and retrieval challenges of data/metadata due to ever changing experimental pipelines. Due to its simplicity and lightweight design, we envision Expipe as an easy-to-use data management solution for experimental laboratories, that can improve provenance, reproducibility, and sharing of scientific projects.

• Borgli, Hanna; Lasantha Bandara Thambawita, Vajira; Smedsrud, Pia; Hicks, Steven; Jha, Debesh & Eskeland, Sigrun Losada [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2020). HyperKvasir, a comprehensive multi-class image and video dataset for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Scientific Data. ISSN 2052-4463. 7. doi: 10.1038/s41597-020-00622-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artificial intelligence is currently a hot topic in medicine. However, medical data is often sparse and hard to obtain due to legal restrictions and lack of medical personnel for the cumbersome and tedious process to manually label training data. These constraints make it difficult to develop systems for automatic analysis, like detecting disease or other lesions. In this respect, this article presents HyperKvasir, the largest image and video dataset of the gastrointestinal tract available today. The data is collected during real gastro- and colonoscopy examinations at Bærum Hospital in Norway and partly labeled by experienced gastrointestinal endoscopists. The dataset contains 110,079 images and 374 videos, and represents anatomical landmarks as well as pathological and normal findings. The total number of images and video frames together is around 1 million. Initial experiments demonstrate the potential benefits of artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis systems. The HyperKvasir dataset can play a valuable role in developing better algorithms and computer-assisted examination systems not only for gastro- and colonoscopy, but also for other fields in medicine.

• Burton, Joshua; Umu, Sinan Uğur; Langseth, Hilde; Grotmol, Tom; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian & Haugen, Trine B. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Serum RNA profiling in the 10-year period prior to diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumour. Frontiers in Oncology. ISSN 2234-943X. 10, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574977. Full text in Research Archive
• van der Meer, Dennis; Frei, Oleksandr; Kaufmann, Tobias; Shadrin, Alexey A.; Devor, Anna & Smeland, Olav Bjerkehagen [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Understanding the genetic determinants of the brain with MOSTest. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 11:3512, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17368-1.
• Uddin, Md Zia; Hassan, Mohammed; Alsanad, Ahmed & Savaglio, Claudio (2020). A body sensor data fusion and deep recurrent neural network-based behavior recognition approach for robust healthcare. Information Fusion. ISSN 1566-2535. 55, p. 105–115. doi: 10.1016/j.inffus.2019.08.004.
• Myrstad, Marius; Ihle-Hansen, Håkon; Tveita, Anders Aune; Andersen, Elizabeth Lyster; Nygård, Ståle & Tveit, Arnljot [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) on admission predicts severe disease and in-hospital mortality from Covid-19 - a prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. ISSN 1757-7241. 28(1). doi: 10.1186/s13049-020-00764-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Buccino, Alessio Paolo & Einevoll, Gaute (2020). MEArec: A fast and customizable testbench simulator for ground-truth extracellular spiking activity. Neuroinformatics. ISSN 1539-2791. 19, p. 185–204. doi: 10.1007/s12021-020-09467-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Pladsen, Arne Valebjørg; Nilsen, Gro; Rueda, Oscar M.; Aure, Miriam Ragle; Borgan, Ørnulf & Liestøl, Knut [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2020). DNA copy number motifs are strong and independent predictors of survival in breast cancer. Communications Biology. ISSN 2399-3642. 3. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0884-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Rønningen, Peter Selmer; Berge, Trygve; Solberg, Magnar Gangås; Enger, Steve; Nygård, Ståle & Pervez, Mohammad Osman [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Sex differences and higher upper normal limits for left atrial end-systolic volume in individuals in their mid-60s: data from the ACE 1950 Study. European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging. ISSN 2047-2404. 21(5), p. 501–507. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa004.
• Chandra, Anupam; Røsjø, Helge; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Vigen, Thea; Ihle-Hansen, Håkon & Orstad, Eivind Bjørkan [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Plasma linoleic acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Norwegian ACE 1950 Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0954-3007. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0641-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Gythfeldt, Hedda von der Lippe; Lien, Tonje Gulbrandsen; Tekpli, Xavier; Silwal-Pandit, Laxmi; Borgen, Elin & Garred, Øystein [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). Immune phenotype of tumor microenvironment predicts response to bevacizumab in neoadjuvant treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. International Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0020-7136. 147(9), p. 2515–2525. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33108. Full text in Research Archive
• Svoren, Henrik; Lasantha Bandara Thambawita, Vajira; Halvorsen, Pål; Jakobsen, Petter; Garcia-Ceja, Enrique & Noori, Farzan Majeed [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Toadstool: a dataset for training emotional intelligent machines playing Super Mario Bros. In Alay, Özgü & Toni, Laura (Ed.), MMSys '20: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 978-1-4503-6845-2. p. 309–314. doi: 10.1145/3339825.3394939.
• Jørgensen, Fredrik; Aasmoe, Tobias; Husevåg, Anne-Stine Ruud; Øvrelid, Lilja & Velldal, Erik (2020). NorNE: Annotating Named Entities for Norwegian. In Calzolari, Nicoletta; Béchet, Frédéric; Blache, Philippe; Choukri, Khalid; Cieri, Christopher; Declerck, Thierry; Goggi, Sara; Isahara, Hitoshi; Maegaard, Bente; Mariani, Joseph; Mazo, Hélène; Moreno, Asuncion; Odijk, Jan & Piperidis, Stelios (Ed.), Proceedings of The 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. European Language Resources Association. ISSN 979-10-95546-34-4. p. 4547–4556.
• Evensen, Karen Brastad & Eide, Per Kristian (2020). Mechanisms behind altered pulsatile intracranial pressure in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: role of vascular pulsatility and systemic hemodynamic variables. Acta Neurochirurgica. ISSN 0001-6268. 162(8), p. 1803–1813. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04423-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Noori, Farzan; Riegler, Michael; Uddin, Md Zia & Tørresen, Jim (2020). Human Activity Recognition from Multiple Sensors Data Using Multi-Fusion Representations and CNNs. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP). ISSN 1551-6857. 16(2). doi: 10.1145/3377882. Show summary

  With the emerging interest in the ubiquitous sensing field, it has become possible to build assistive technologies for persons during their daily life activities to provide personalized feedback and services. For instance, it is possible to detect an individual’s behavioral pattern (e.g., physical activity, location, and mood) by using sensors embedded in smart-watches and smartphones. The multi-sensor environments also come with some challenges, such as how to fuse and combine different sources of data. In this article, we explore several methods of fusion for multi-representations of data from sensors. Furthermore, multiple representations of sensor data were generated and then fused using data-level, feature-level, and decision-level fusions. The presented methods were evaluated using three publicly available human activity recognition (HAR) datasets. The presented approaches utilize Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A generic architecture for the fusion of different sensors is proposed. The proposed method shows promising performance, with the best results reaching an overall accuracy of 98.4% for the Context-Awareness via Wrist-Worn Motion Sensors (HANDY) dataset and 98.7% for the Wireless Sensor Data Mining (WISDM version 1.1) dataset. Both results outperform previous approaches.

• Evensen, Karen Brastad & Eide, Per Kristian (2020). Measuring intracranial pressure by invasive, less invasive or non-invasive means: limitations and avenues for improvement. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. ISSN 2045-8118. 17(34), p. 1–33. doi: 10.1186/s12987-020-00195-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Tolios, Alexander; De Las Rivas, Javier; Hovig, Eivind; Trouillas, Patrick; Scorilas, Andreas & Mohr, Thomas (2020). Computational approaches in cancer multidrug resistance research: Identification of potential biomarkers, drug targets and drug-target interactions. Drug resistance updates. ISSN 1368-7646. 48:100662, p. 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100662.
• Jha, Debesh; Smedsrud, Pia; Riegler, Michael; Halvorsen, Pål; de Lange, Thomas & Johansen, Dag [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Kvasir-SEG: A segmented polyp dataset. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11962 LNCS, p. 451–462. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-37734-2_37. Full text in Research Archive
• Ripon, Kazi Shah Nawaz & Nyman, Jacob Henrik (2020). Hospital Surgery Scheduling Under Uncertainty Using Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms. In Kulkarni, Anand J.; Siarry, Patrick; Singh, Pramod Kumar; Abraham, Ajith & Zhang, Mengjie (Ed.), Big Data Analytics in Healthcare. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-31671-6. p. 107–142. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-31672-3_7.
• St-Onge, David; Côté-Allard, Ulysse; Glette, Kyrre Harald; Gosselin, Benoit & Beltrame, Giovanni (2019). Engaging with Robotic Swarms: Commands from Expressive Motion. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction. ISSN 2573-9522. doi: 10.1145/3323213.
• Eilertsen, Ina Andrassy; Moosavi, Seyed Hossein; Strømme, Jonas Meier; Nesbakken, Arild; Johannessen, Bjarne & Lothe, Ragnhild A [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Technical differences between sequencing and microarray platforms impact transcriptomic subtyping of colorectal cancer. Cancer Letters. ISSN 0304-3835. 469, p. 246–255. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.040. Full text in Research Archive
• Qadir, Hemin Ali; Balasingham, Ilangko; Sølhusvik, Johannes; Bergsland, Jacob; Aabakken, Lars & Shin, Younghak (2019). Improving Automatic Polyp Detection Using CNN by Exploiting Temporal Dependency in Colonoscopy Video. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. ISSN 2168-2194. 24(1), p. 180–193. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2019.2907434. Full text in Research Archive
• Timmermann, Viviane; Edwards, Andrew; Wall, Samuel Thomas; Sundnes, Joakim & McCulloch, Andrew D. (2019). Arrhythmogenic Current Generation by Myofilament-Triggered Ca2+ Release and Sarcomere Heterogeneity. Biophysical Journal. ISSN 0006-3495. 117(12), p. 2471–2485. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.009. Full text in Research Archive
• Wajdan, Ali; Krogh, Magnus Reinsfelt; Villegas-Martinez, Manuel; Halvorsen, Per Steinar; Grymyr, Ole-Johannes Holm Nielsen & Elle, Ole Jacob [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Monitoring cardiac function by accelerometer -Detecting start systole from the acceleration signal makes additional ECG recordings for R-peak detection redundant. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference Proceedings. ISSN 1557-170X. p. 4922–4925. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856417. Full text in Research Archive
• Ersvær, Elin; Kildal, Wanja; Vlatkovic, Ljiljana; Cyll, Karolina Urszula; Pradhan, Manohar & Kleppe, Andreas [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Prognostic value of mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3, cyclin B1, and pituitary tumor-transforming 1 expression in prostate cancer. Modern Pathology. ISSN 0893-3952. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41379-019-0418-2.
• Holter, Karl Erik; Kuchta, Miroslav & Mardal, Kent-Andre (2019). Sub-voxel Perfusion Modeling in Terms of Coupled 3d-1d Problem. In Radu, Florin Adrian; Kumar, Kundan; Berre, Inga; Nordbotten, Jan Martin & Pop, Iuliu Sorin (Ed.), Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ENUMATH 2017. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ISSN 978-3-319-96415-7. p. 35–47. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96415-7_2. Full text in Research Archive
• Umu, Sinan Uğur; Langseth, Hilde; Keller, Andreas; Meese, Eckart; Helland, Åslaug & Lyle, Robert [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). A 10-year prediagnostic follow-up study shows that serum RNA signals are highly dynamic in lung carcinogenesis. Molecular Oncology. ISSN 1574-7891. 14(2), p. 235–247. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12620.
• Finsberg, Henrik Nicolay; Xi, Ce; Zhao, Xiaodan; Tan, Ju Le; Genet, Martin & Sundnes, Joakim [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Computational quantification of patient-specific changes in ventricular dynamics associated with pulmonary hypertension. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. ISSN 0363-6135. 317(6), p. H1363–H1375. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00094.2019.
• Qadir, Hemin Ali; Sølhusvik, Johannes; Bergsland, Jacob; Aabakken, Lars & Balasingham, Ilangko (2019). A framework with a fully convolutional neural network for semi-automatic colon polyp annotation. IEEE Access. ISSN 2169-3536. 7, p. 169537–169547. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2954675. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvåle, Kaja Frøysaa; Bersvendsen, Jørn; Remme, Espen W.; Salles, Sebastien; Aalen, John & Brekke, Pål Haugar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Detection of regional mechanical activation of the left ventricular myocardium using high frame rate ultrasound imaging. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. ISSN 0278-0062. 38:8682078(11), p. 2665–2675. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2019.2909358.

View all works in Cristin

• Arnestad, Håvard; Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2024). Estimation of probability densities in ultrasound imaging.
• Han, Chaoran; Arnestad, Håvard; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2024). Spectral estimation inspired by a non-linear beamformer: Insights into null-subtraction imaging.
• Sufayan, Mulani; Näsholm, Sven Peter & Austeng, Andreas (2024). Fourier Migration Based Beamforming Method For Medical Ultrasound Imaging.
• Sotoodeh Ziksari, Mahsa; Näsholm, Sven Peter & Austeng, Andreas (2024). Adaptive beamforming for high frame-rate ultrasound imaging.
• Gereb, Gabor; Austeng, Andreas; Hansen, Roy Edgar & Birkenes Lønmo, Tor Inge (2024). Resolution of adaptive beamformers.
• Gereb, Gabor; Austeng, Andreas; Hansen, Roy Edgar & Birkenes Lønmo, Tor Inge (2023). Performance analysis of adaptive beamformers in surveying pipelines by multi-beam echo sounders​.
• Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel; Fiorentini, Stefano; Avdal, Jørgen; Austeng, Andreas & Rodriguez Molares, Alfonso (2023). The Generalized Beamformer in the UltraSound ToolBox. Show summary

  Access to channel data, and real-time processing of such, have left us a landscape filled with beamforming techniques often using specific wavefronts with specific reconstruction algorithms. This implies high costs for code maintenance and makes it difficult to compare different techniques. We demonstrate a generalized beamformer (GB) to reconstruct any transmit (tx) waveform from any probe into a defined grid of pixels. It covers linear and sector scans, both steered and stepped tx and even complex beamforming such as multiple line acquisition (MLA) and retrospective tx beamforming (RTB). Also, we show how the GB can be utilized to improve the channel data used for adaptive beamforming.

• Näsholm, Sven Peter; Arnestad, Håvard; Austeng, Andreas & Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel (2023). Calculating the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio using kernel density estimation. Show summary

  The histogram-based generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) evaluates how well image regions with different intensity can be distinguished. The gCNR is defined as ‘one minus the overlap region’ of normalized histograms from two regions. Histogram-based gCNR depends on user parameters like bin size and bin offset, but there are also approaches to robustify the histogram calculation. Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a well-established alternative to histograms to estimate probability density functions (PDFs), and is generally considered to be more robust. We suggest replacing histograms with KDE in gCNR calculations.

• Arnestad, Håvard; Gereb, Gabor; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Kirkebø, Jan Egil; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2023). Bounding the beampattern of acoustic arrays using interval arithmetic.
• Austeng, Andreas; Arnestad, Håvard; Bjåstad, Tore Grüner; Måsøy, Svein-Erik & Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel (2022). Issues with Histogram Matching for Fair Evaluation of Image Quality Metrics.
• Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel; Vrålstad, Anders Emil; Bjåstad, Tore Grüner; Austeng, Andreas & Måsøy, Svein-Erik (2022). Coherence from REFoCUS compared to Retrospective Transmit Beamforming.
• Arnestad, Håvard; Gereb, Gabor; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Kirkebø, Jan Egil; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2022). Bounding the beampattern of acoustic arrays using interval arithmetic.
• Arnestad, Håvard; Austeng, Andreas; Näsholm, Sven Peter & Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel (2022). The Effect of Retrospective Transmit Focusing on Minimum Variance Beamforming.
• Gereb, Gabor; Hansen, Roy Edgar; Austeng, Andreas; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Näsholm, Sven Peter & Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel (2022). Ultrasound Beamformer Benchmarking Pipeline.
• Gereb, Gabor; Hansen, Roy Edgar; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Näsholm, Sven Peter; Austeng, Andreas & Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel (2022). Improving Sonar Surveying of Subsea Cables and Pipelines with Adaptive Beamforming. Show summary

  Background, Motivation and Objective Safe and efficient transportation of offshore energy requires well-maintained underwater infrastructure, no matter if the energy source is fossil, wind, sun, or wave. Subsea cables and pipelines can be efficiently surveyed using sonar systems mounted on surface or underwater vehicles. Adaptive array signal processing methods are increasingly explored to improve image quality and detection or estimation accuracy in specific survey scenarios. However, adaptive methods can be sensitive to the context they are used in. Therefore, choosing the right beamforming approach from the available candidates requires extensive testing in various scenarios, which is often not feasible out at sea. Statement of Contribution/Methods Realistic simulation of complex underwater scenarios has been previously demonstrated using the Field II Ultrasound Simulation Program in combination with the open access package UltraSound ToolBox (USTB). We use Field II to create digital twins of water column images from pipeline surveys, and then modify parameters such as the layout, depth, and SNR to extend the scope of testing. We add multiple realizations of random noise to the signal and then use USTB to beamform the data with different techniques. On the beamformed data we perform estimation of multiple parameters such as the position and size of the pipe and the seabed depth around it. Finally, using the known ground truth of the model, we compare the bias and variance of the estimations made using images reconstructed by different beamformers. Results/Discussion Following on the results of previous studies demonstrating the benefits of adaptive beamforming in sonar bathymetry, we present a benchmark study of adaptive beamforming techniques such as Low Complexity Adaptive (LCA) and Capon Minimum Variance (MVDR). Comparison with the Coherence Factor (CF) method is made as well. We use Delay-and-Sum (DAS) as a reference with various apodizations. We provide quantitative performance assessment based on the statistical distribution of the estimations with reference to the ground truth in different scenarios.

• Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Austeng, Andreas & Hansen, Roy Edgar (2022). Adaptive Beamforming and Autocalibration for Swath Sonars.
• Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Austeng, Andreas & Hansen, Roy Edgar (2022). Adaptive Beamforming and Autocalibration for Swath Sonars.
• Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel; Näsholm, Sven Peter; Hansen, Roy Edgar & Austeng, Andreas (2022). Compensating Dynamic Range Alterations from Adaptive Beamforming using Histogram Matching.
• Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel; Näsholm, Sven Peter; Hansen, Roy Edgar & Austeng, Andreas (2022). Image Enhancement Using Capon Minimum Variance Adaptive Beamforming in Synthetic Aperture Sonar.
• Austeng, Andreas; Näsholm, Sven Peter; Hansen, Roy Edgar & Rindal, Ole Marius Hoel (2022). Spatial Aperture Coherence with Synthetic Transmit Focusing in SAS.
• Gereb, Gabor; Hansen, Roy Edgar; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes; Näsholm, Sven Peter & Austeng, Andreas (2022). Underwater pipeline detection and localisation using multibeam echo sounder in a resolution limited case.
• Gereb, Gabor; Hansen, Roy Edgar; Lønmo, Tor Inge Birkenes & Austeng, Andreas (2022). PhD project: Adaptive beamforming in underwater detection and estimation problems.
• Arnestad, Håvard; Gereb, Gabor; Birkenes Lønmo, Tor Inge; Kirkebø, Jan Egil; Austeng, Andreas & Näsholm, Sven Peter (2022). Sonar array beampattern bounds: tolerance analysis using interval arithmetic. Show summary

  The framework of interval arithmetic (IA) and its extension to complex numbers has in the last decade been applied as a tool for finding robust tolerance bounds of antenna arrays. The IA framework complements statistical methods, as inclusive upper and lower bounds of the beampattern are obtained directly, only assuming error bounds on specifically chosen array parameters. Recently, beampattern synthesis for sonar arrays subject to amplitude excitation errors has been extended from linear arrays with omnidirectional elements to non-linear arrays with directive elements. In this work, we demonstrate that the analysis can be developed further to include both amplitude and phase errors. Moreover, we account for error bounds in element position and orientation, thus representing a more comprehensive method for evaluating the worst-case performance due to uncertainty bounds in a multitude of design parameters. For this purpose, we have created an open-source MATLAB toolbox to calculate beampattern bounds for an array with bounded error tolerances. The toolbox features an object oriented library of interval classes and an interactive graphical user interface with easily configurable settings, where results for different interval representations are shown along with their corresponding bounds. The beampattern bounds of a sonar array is illustrated through an example.

• Côté-Allard, Ulysse (2021). Machine Learning for Bipolar Disorder. The INTROMAT closing seminar 2021.
• Jakobsen, Petter; Stautland, Andrea; Riegler, Michael; Côté-Allard, Ulysse; Sepasdar, Zahra & Nordgreen, Tine [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Motor activity analyses distinguish manic and euthymic mood states in bipolar disorder.
• Berg-Hansen, Pål; Moen, Stine Marit; Jahren, Silje Ekroll; Klyve, Thomas; Meyer, Fredrik & Strisland, Frode [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Use of sensors in MS rehabilitation - a pilot study.
• Fyhn, Marianne; Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders; Mørken, Knut Martin; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan; Odden, Tor Ole & Sundnes, Joakim (2019). Beregningsorientering og utdanningsutvikling.
• Stensby, Emma Hjellbrekke & Glette, Kyrre (2020). Co-evolving morphology and controller in an open-ended environment. Universitetet i Oslo.

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