Hege Salvesen Blix

• Heltveit-Olsen, Silje Rebekka; Gopinathan, Unni; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Elstrøm, Petter & Høye, Sigurd (2024). Effect of methenamine hippurate shortage on antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections in Norway-an interrupted time series analysis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. ISSN 0305-7453. 79(5), p. 1109–1117. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkae078. Full text in Research Archive
• Mathiesen, Liv; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Molden, Espen; Kersten, Hege; Trapnes, Elin & Bergan, Stein [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Erfaringsbasert master i klinisk farmasi – en kartleggingsstudie. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1935. p. 32–36. Show summary

  Hensikt Kartlegge bakgrunn for farmasøyter som har gjennomført minst halve det erfaringsbaserte masterprogrammet i klinisk farmasi ved Farmasøytisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo. Kartlegge i hvilken grad arbeidsoppgavene har endret seg for de som har fullført utdanningen. Materiale og metode Deskriptiv nettbasert spørreskjemaundersøkelse med spørsmål knyttet til demografi, grunnutdanningen i farmasi, det erfaringsbaserte masterprogrammet og arbeidsoppgaver. Farmasøyter som hadde fullført minst tre av seks emner i masterprogrammet, kunne inkluderes, og 92 farmasøyter ble invitert til å delta. Resultater 82 farmasøyter (88 %) besvarte undersøkelsen, hvorav 53 hadde gjennomført hele utdanningen, og 29 farmasøyter hadde gjennomført minst halve utdanningen. Blant respondentene som hadde fullført masterprogrammet, hadde en signifikant høyere andel 5-årig farmasiutdanning (master i farmasi eller cand.pharm.) (p < 0,01) og jobbet i sykehus med klinisk farmasøytiske oppgaver før de startet på masterprogrammet (p = 0,04), sammenliknet med de som var underveis i utdanningen. Blant de som hadde fullført masterprogrammet, svarte 93 % at de hadde jobbet med klinisk farmasøytiske oppgaver etter utdanningen. Det var 70 % som for tiden utførte klinisk farmasøytiske arbeidsoppgaver, sammenliknet med 62 % før oppstart. 43 % hadde vært involvert i kliniske forskningsprosjekter etter endt utdanning. Konklusjon Blant de som var i ferd med å gjennomføre videreutdanningen var det flere med bachelorgrad og færre med erfaring som klinisk farmasøyt enn i gruppen som hadde fullført. Ni av ti farmasøyter som hadde gjennomført hele videreutdanningen, har hatt klinisk arbeidsoppgaver etterpå, mens seks av ti hadde slike oppgaver før utdanningen. Nesten halvparten hadde vært involvert i kliniske forskningsprosjekter.

• Mohn, Cathrine Helene; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Brænd, Anja Maria; Nafstad, Per & Halvorsen, Jon Anders (2023). Prevalence of Isotretinoin Therapy in Adolescents and Young Adults With and Without Atopic Dermatitis: A Nationwide Prescription-based Population Study. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555. 103, p. 1–7. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v103.9424. Full text in Research Archive
• Langaas, Harald Chr.; Salvesen, Øyvind Olav; Dyrkorn, Roar; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Spigset, Olav (2023). Academic detailing as a method to improve general practitioners’ drug prescribing in type 2 diabetes: evaluation of changes in prescribing. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 41(3), p. 224–231. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2023.2222781. Full text in Research Archive
• Kållberg, Cecilia Birgit Maria; Mathiesen, Liv; Gopinathan, Unni & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2023). The role of drug regulatory authorities and health technology assessment agencies in shaping incentives for antibiotic R&D: a qualitative study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. ISSN 2052-3211. 16. doi: 10.1186/s40545-023-00556-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Benkő, Ria; Matuz, Mária; Pető, Zoltán; Weist, Klaus; Heuer, Ole & Vlahović-Palčevski, Vera [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Trends in the hospital-sector consumption of the WHO AWaRe Reserve group antibiotics in EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom, 2010 to 2018. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 27(41). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.41.2101058. Full text in Research Archive
• Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Harthug, Stig; Nilsen, Roy Miodini; Eriksen, Beate Horsberg; Wathne, Jannicke Slettli & Berild, Dag [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Are infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life at increased risk of recurrent use? An explorative data-linkage study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. ISSN 0305-7453. 77(5), p. 1468–1475. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkac024. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives To investigate whether infants exposed to antimicrobials in hospital during the first 3 months of life had an increased risk of ambulatory antimicrobial use during the following year compared with infants not exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life. Methods Norwegian cohort study of infants less than 3 months consisting of one group exposed to antimicrobials recruited during hospitalization and one group not exposed to antimicrobials. Ten unexposed infants were matched with one exposed infant according to county of residence, birth year and month, and sex. The Norwegian Prescription Database was applied to register antimicrobial use from the month after discharge and 1 year onward. We defined comorbidity based on antimicrobials prescribed as reimbursable prescriptions due to underlying diseases. Results Of 95 infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life, 23% had recurrent use compared with 14% use in 950 unexposed infants [relative risk (RR) = 1.7 (95% CI = 1.1–2.5) and comorbidity-adjusted RR = 1.4 (95% CI = 0.9–2.2)]. The recurrence use rate in exposed term infants (≥37 weeks, n = 70) was 27% compared with 12% in their unexposed matches [RR 2.3 = (95% CI = 1.4–3.7) and comorbidity-adjusted RR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2–3.2). Of 25 exposed preterm infants, 3 (12%) had recurrent use. The total antimicrobial prescription rate was 674/1000 in the exposed group and 244/1000 in the unexposed group [incidence rate ratio = 2.8 (95% CI = 1.6–4.9)]. Conclusions Infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life had an increased risk of recurrent use during the following year. This increased risk also appeared in term infants without infection-related comorbidity.

• Mohn, Cathrine Helene; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Brænd, Anja Maria; Nafstad, Per; Nygård, Ståle & Halvorsen, Jon Anders (2022). Treatment Patterns of Atopic Dermatitis Medication in 0–10-Year-Olds: A Nationwide Prescription-Based Study. Dermatology and Therapy. ISSN 2193-8210. 12(7), p. 1639–1657. doi: 10.1007/s13555-022-00754-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Nilsen, Roy Miodini; Eriksen, Beate Horsberg; Wathne, Jannicke Slettli & Berild, Dag [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Antibiotic use in children before, during and after hospitalisation. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. ISSN 1053-8569. 31(7), p. 749–757. doi: 10.1002/pds.5438. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose To investigate ambulatory antibiotic use in children during 1 year before and 1 year after in-hospital antibiotic exposure compared to children from the general population that had not received antibiotics in-hospital. Methods Explorative data-linkage cohort study from Norway of children aged 3 months to 17 years. One group had received antibiotics in-Hospital (H+), and one group had not received antibiotics in-hospital (H-). The H+ group was recruited during admission in 2017. Using the Norwegian Population Registry, 10 children from the H- group were matched with one child from the H+ group according to county of residence, age and sex. We used the Norwegian Prescription Database to register antibiotic use 1 year before and 1 year after the month of hospitalisation. Results Of 187 children in the H+ group, 83 (44%) received antibiotics before hospitalisation compared to 288/1870 (15%) in the H- group, relative risk (RR) 2.88 (95% confidence interval 2.38–3.49). After hospitalisation, 86 (46%) received antibiotics in the H+ group compared to 311 (17%) in the H- group, RR 2.77 (2.30–3.33). Comorbidity-adjusted RR was 2.30 (1.84–2.86) before and 2.25 (1.81–2.79) after hospitalisation. RR after hospitalisation was 2.55 (1.99–3.26) in children 3 months-2 years, 4.03 (2.84–5.71) in children 3–12 years and 2.07 (1.33–3.20) in children 13–17 years. Conclusions Children exposed to antibiotics in-hospital had two to three times higher risk of receiving antibiotics in ambulatory care both before and after hospitalisation. The link between in-hospital and ambulatory antibiotic exposure should be emphasised in future antibiotic stewardship programs.

• Efjestad, Anne; Ihle-Hansen, Hege; Hjellvik, Vidar; Engedal, Knut & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2022). Use of Drugs With Risk of Heart Rate-Related Problems is Common in Norwegian Dementia Patients Treated With Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: A Prevalence Study Based on the Norwegian Prescription Database . Frontiers in Pharmacology. ISSN 1663-9812. 12, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791578. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Drugs commonly prescribed for heart rate control may induce adverse drug reactions in Alzheimer patients treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). We have studied use of drugs with a known risk of Torsades de pointes (TdP) and drugs used to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, as well as a combination of drugs with a known risk of TdP and drugs with a known heart rate-lowering effect, before and after initiating treatment with AChEIs. Methods: The study applied data from the Norwegian Prescription Database for the period 2004-2016. Prescriptions of concomitant use of drugs in persistent users of AChEIs was studied in a follow-up period from 4 years before to 2 years after AChEI initiation in men and women of two age groups: 37-80 and 81-88 years. Results: A small number of patients were prescribed haloperidol (∼1.5% The second year after AChEI initiation), digoxin/digitoxin (∼3%), and verapamil (∼1.3%), while a substantial proportion of the patients were prescribed betablockers (∼28%) and citalopram/escitalopram (∼17%). During follow-up, up to 6% of the study population were prescribed both betablockers and citalopram/citalopram in addition to AChEIs, a combination that increased over the follow-up period and was observed most frequently in women in the oldest age group. Conclusions: A large proportion (∼44%) of patients treated with AChEIs were prescribed drugs that could cause bradycardic and prolonged time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave (QT interval). Thus, action should be taken to reduce the combination of drugs with risk of bradycardia and prolonged QT interval. Medication review on a regular basis could be an option as an important risk-reducing intervention.

• Rønning, Marit; Hjellvik, Vidar; Sakshaug, Solveig; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Midtvedt, Karsten & Reisæter, Anna Varberg [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Use of Statins in Kidney Transplant Recipients in Norway . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(3). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031370. Full text in Research Archive
• Högberg, Liselotte Diaz; Vlahović-Palčevski, Vera; Pereira, Cátia; Weist, Klaus; Monnet, Dominique L & Blix, Hege Salvesen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Decrease in community antibiotic consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, EU/EEA, 2020. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 26(46). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.46.2101020.
• Efjestad, Anne; Ihle-Hansen, Hege; Hjellvik, Vidar; Engedal, Knut & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2021). Sex differences in psychotropic and analgesic drug use before and after initiating treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(9). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243804. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background/aims The aim was to explore the impact of sex on prevalence, patterns and trends in the prescription of psychotropics and analgesics in users of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), before and after AChEI initiation, compared to the general population. Methods A prospective study applying data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) in the period 2004–2016. Prescription of antidepressants, antipsychotics, analgesics including opioids, benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics in persistent AChEI users was studied in a follow-up period from four years before to two years after AChEI initiation in men and women of four age groups: 37–64, 65–72, 73–80 and 81–88 years. Results Use of antidepressants, antipsychotics and weaker analgesics increased in both sexes during the follow-up period in 11.764 persistent AChEI users. Women with pre-dementia and dementia stages of AD showed a prescription pattern with more use of psychotropics and opioids than men, except for antipsychotics. Conclusion Female sex showed to have a significant influence on the prescriptions of psychotropics and analgesics in AD patients in a pre-dementia and dementia stage. The exception is for antipsychotics, that men used more than women. The prescription pattern showed a higher extent of polypharmacy of psychotropics and/or opioids in women than in men. The total prescription pattern of analgesics could indicate an undertreatment of pain in pre-dementia and dementia stages, most pronounced in men.

• Moura, Laura; Steurbaut, Stephane; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Addison, Brian; Rabus, Sule & Mota-Filipe, Hélder [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. ISSN 2210-7703. doi: 10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3.
• Olsen, Kristine; Dansie, Live Storehagen; Litleskare, Irene & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2021). Consumption of oral anticancer drugs in Norway compared by different units of measurements – introduction of new DDDs. Norsk Epidemiologi. ISSN 0803-2491. 29(1-2), p. 13–17. doi: 10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4041. Full text in Research Archive
• Kållberg, Cecilia Birgit Maria; Hudson, Jemma; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Årdal, Christine Oline; Klein, E & Lindbæk, Morten [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). The effect of generic market entry on antibiotic prescriptions in the United States. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 12(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23049-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  When patented, brand-name antibiotics lose market exclusivity, generics typically enter the market at lower prices, which may increase consumption of the drug. To examine the effect of generic market entry on antibiotic consumption in the United States, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis of the change in the number of prescriptions per month for antibiotics for which at least one generic entered the US market between 2000 and 2012. Data were acquired from the IQVIA Xponent database. Thirteen antibiotics were analyzed. Here, we show that one year after generic entry, the number of prescriptions increased for five antibiotics (5 to 406%)—aztreonam, cefpodoxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin —and decreased for one drug: cefdinir. These changes were sustained two years after. Cefprozil, cefuroxime axetil and clarithromycin had significant increases in trend, but no significant level changes. No consistent pattern for antibiotic use following generic entry in the United States was observed.

• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Birkeland, Einar Elvbakken; Bucher-Johannessen, Cecilie; Vinberg, Elina; Nordby, Jan Inge & Kangas, Harri [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). The CRCbiome study: a large prospective cohort study examining the role of lifestyle and the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer screening participants. BMC Cancer. ISSN 1471-2407. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08640-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Blix, Hege Salvesen & Høye, Sigurd (2021). Bruk av antibiotika under covid-19-pandemien. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 141(4), p. 353–356. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.1003. Full text in Research Archive
• Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Lindemann, Paul Christoffer; Klingenberg, Claus; Berild, Dag; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Myklebust, Tor Åge [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children—A Population-Based Study From Norway. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. ISSN 0891-3668. 40(5), p. 403–410. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003013. Full text in Research Archive
• Wasteson, Yngvild; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Joner, Erik; Madslien, Elisabeth Henie; Ottoson, Jakob & Sørum, Henning [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Assessment of the impact of wastewater and sewage sludge treatment methods on antimicrobial resistance. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Microbial Ecology of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2020(8), p. 1–159. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The request from NFSA and NEA: Antimicrobial agents and microorganisms are introduced to sewage systems by different human activities, from private homes, institutions such as schools and hospitals, office buildings, industrial and commercial activities, i.e., from everywhere where people work and live. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø, VKM) for an extension of the 2009 VKM report “Risk assessment of contaminants in sewage sludge applied on Norwegian soils” regarding the impact of wastewater (WW)- and sewage sludge treatment methods used in Norway, on the fate and survival of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, fate of antimicrobial resistance genes, and main drivers for resistance (e.g. antibiotics, antifungal agents, heavy metals, disinfectants). The request addressed by VKM: VKM appointed a working group, consisting of three members of the Panel on Microbial Ecology, four external members and VKM staff to prepare a draft Opinion document. The Panel on Microbial Ecology has reviewed and revised the draft prepared by the working group and approved the Opinion document “Assessment of the impact of wastewater and sewage sludge treatment methods on antimicrobial resistance”. The antimicrobial resistance cycle: Exposure to antimicrobial agents is regarded as the most important driver for development and dissemination of AMR in microorganisms. Consequently, an important location for the development of AMR is the gut of humans or animals receiving antimicrobial drug therapy. As ARB, ARG, resistance genes and antimicrobial agents will end up in the WW system, this system could be regarded as a potential hot spot for interactions between different microorganisms, between different antimicrobial agents, and between microorganisms and antimicrobial agents. Hospitals and pharmaceutical companies are regarded as being an important source for antimicrobial drug residues released in WW. At the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), bacteria and genes end up either in the effluent wastewater fraction or in the sludge fraction. When ARB and ARG are distributed with the WW sludge, they may reach arable land when the sludge is used as soil improver and fertilising product, and thus be recycled into the food-production chain. When following the effluent WW fraction, ARB and ARB will be released into WW recipients, such as lakes, rivers or fjords, and may, from these environments, also be recycled into food production. In each step of these cycles, ARB and ARG will be introduced into new environmental compartments to which they must adapt, and to microbial communities with which they must compete for survival and growth. Depending on the bacterial species, these new environmental compartments will be more or less hostile, but they will also provide opportunities for microbial interactions, like dissemination of ARG due to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) within and between bacterial species. Findings: It is challenging to deliver a general assessment of the nature of as well as the probability for direct discharge of ARB and ARG into effluent WW and applied sludge. This is due to the combined complexity of resistance carriers, traits, various sources of variation, and the WW systems. Moreover, there is currently a lack of harmonized methods and protocols to compare studies from different systems. However, there are no strong indications that there is a significant enrichment of ARB in WWTP operated under European conditions, which, on a general level, also applies to the Norwegian situation. Although some studies indicate a slight increase in the fraction of ARB, the absolute reduction in bacterial load during WW treatment (WWT) is significant; removal of between 99 % to 99.9 % of faecal indicator bacteria is generally achieved by secondary .......

• Eig, Ruth Davey; Harbin, Nicolay Jonassen; Gjelstad, Svein; Høye, Sigurd; Jensen, Siri & Lindbæk, Morten [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). RASK – Promoting appropriate use of antibiotics in municipal healthcare institutions. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-vet 2019. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/NORM-VET. ISSN 1502-2307. p. 42–43.
• Harbin, Nicolay Jonassen; Eig, Ruth Davey; Høye, Sigurd; Gjelstad, Svein; Jensen, Siri & Lindbæk, Morten [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Antibiotic use in nursing homes. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-vet 2019. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/NORM-VET. ISSN 1502-2307. p. 42–42.
• Høye, Sigurd; Lindbæk, Morten & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2020). RAK – Promoting appropriate use of antibiotics among general practitioners. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-vet 2019. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/NORM-VET. ISSN 1502-2307. p. 40–41.
• Andreassen, Vigdis; Waagsbø, Bjørn & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2020). Bruk av ciprofloksacin ved et lokalsykehus. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0146.
• Wathne, Jannicke Slettli; Skodvin, Brita; Charani, Esmita; Harthug, Stig; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Nilsen, Roy Miodini [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions through analysis of the antibiotic prescribing process in hospitals - a multicentre observational cohort study. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. ISSN 2047-2994. 9(114). doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00749-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Gravningen, Kirsten Midttun; Field, Nigel; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Asfeldt, Anne Mette & Småbrekke, Lars (2020). Non-prescription purchase of antibiotics during travel abroad among a general adult population in Norway: Findings from the seventh Tromsø Study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228792. Full text in Research Archive
• Dorj, Gereltuya; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Sunderland, Bruce; Gankhulug, Badamkhand; Tegshee, Otgonbileg & Purevkhuu, Mandakhnaran [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Antibiotic Utilization Trends in Two State Hospitals of Mongolia from 2013 to 2017. BioMed Research International. ISSN 2314-6133. 2019, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1155/2019/9160296.
• Penalva, German; Högberg, Liselotte Diaz; Weist, Klaus; Vlahović-Palčevski, Vera; Heuer, Ole & Monnet, Dominique L [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2019). Decreasing and stabilising trends of antimicrobial consumption and resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in segmented regression analysis, European Union/European Economic Area, 2001 to 2018. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 24(46). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.46.1900656. Full text in Research Archive
• Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Berild, Dag; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Brigtsen, Anne Karin; Myklebust, Tor Åge & Eriksen, Beate Horsberg (2019). Can We Optimize Antibiotic Use in Norwegian Neonates? A Prospective Comparison Between a University Hospital and a District Hospital. Frontiers in pediatrics. ISSN 2296-2360. 7:440, p. 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00440. Full text in Research Archive
• D’Atri, Fabio; Arthur, Jacqueline; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Hicks, Lauri A.; Plachouras, Diamantis & Monnet, Dominique L. (2019). Targets for the reduction of antibiotic use in humans in the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) partner countries. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 24(28). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.28.1800339. Full text in Research Archive
• Efjestad, Anne; Ihle-Hansen, Hege; Hjellvik, Vidar; Engedal, Knut & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2019). Drug Use before and after Initiating Treatment with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. ISSN 1664-5464. 9(1), p. 196–206. doi: 10.1159/000497307. Full text in Research Archive
• Kållberg, Cecilia Birgit Maria; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Laxminarayan, Ramanan (2019). Challenges in Antibiotic R&D Calling for a Global Strategy Considering Both Short- and Long-Term Solutions. ACS Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2373-8227. 5(8), p. 1265–1268. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00076. Show summary

  A recent analysis of antibiotics approved between 1999 and 2014, conducted by researchers at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health; the University of Oslo; the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP); and Boston University, showed a lack of novelty and diversity regarding target pathogens and indications and a failure to address the most urgent resistance threats, including resistant Gram-negative bacteria. A global research and development strategy should incentivize development of broad-spectrum antibiotics for critically ill patients, as well as therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics, decreasing our dependence on traditional, small-molecule antibiotics.

• Amato, Ettore; Dansie, Live Storehagen; Grøneng, Gry Marysol; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Bentele, Horst & Veneti, Lamprini [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Increase of scabies infestations, Norway, 2006 to 2018. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 24(23). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.23.190020. Full text in Research Archive
• Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Eriksen, Beate Horsberg; Ask, Ingvild; Myklebust, Tor Åge & Berild, Dag (2019). Using a period incidence survey to compare antibiotic use in children between a university hospital and a district hospital in a country with low antimicrobial resistance: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 9(5), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027836. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives To describe and compare antibiotic use in relation to indications, doses, adherence rate to guidelines and rates of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA) in two different paediatric departments with different academic cultures, and identify areas with room for improvement. Design Prospective observational survey of antibiotic use. Setting Paediatric departments in a university hospital (UH) and a district hospital (DH) in Norway, 2017. The registration period was 1 year at the DH and 4 months at the UH. Participants 201 children at the DH (mean age 3.8: SD 5.1) and 137 children at the UH (mean age 2.0: SD 5.9) were treated with systemic antibiotics by a paediatrician in the study period and included in the study. Outcome measures Main outcome variables were prescriptions of antibiotics, treatments with antibiotics, rates of BSA, median doses and adherence rate to national guidelines. Results In total, 744 prescriptions of antibiotics were given at the UH and 638 at the DH. Total adherence rate to guidelines was 75% at the UH and 69% at the DH (p=0.244). The rate of treatments involving BSA did not differ significantly between the hospitals (p=0.263). Use of BSA was related to treatment of central nervous system (CNS) infections, patients with underlying medical conditions or targeted microbiological treatment in 92% and 86% of the treatments, at the UH and DH, respectively (p=0.217). A larger proportion of the children at the DH were treated for respiratory tract infections (p<0.01) compared with the UH. Children at the UH were treated with higher doses of ampicillin and cefotaxime (p<0.05) compared with the DH. Conclusion Our results indicate that Norwegian paediatricians have a common understanding of main aspects in rational antibiotic use independently of working in a UH or DH. Variations in treatment of respiratory tract infections and in doses of antibiotics should be further studied.

• Wathne, Jannicke Slettli; Harthug, Stig; Kleppe, Lars Kåre Selland; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Nilsen, Roy Miodini & Charani, Esmita [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). The association between adherence to national antibiotic guidelines and mortality, readmission and length of stay in hospital inpatients: results from a Norwegian multicentre, observational cohort study. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. ISSN 2047-2994. 8(63). doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0515-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Waaseth, Marit; Adan, Abdifatah Bashi; Røen, Ingrid Landfald; Eriksen, Karoline; Stanojevic, Tijana & Halvorsen, Kjell H. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among Norwegian pharmacy customers – a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 19, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6409-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Fog, Amura Francesca; Straand, Jørund; Engedal, Knut & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2019). Drug use differs by care level. A cross-sectional comparison between older people living at home or in a nursing home in Oslo, Norway. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1064-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Berild, Dag; Eriksen, Beate Horsberg; Myklebust, Tor Åge & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2019). Potential for More Rational Use of Antibiotics in Hospitalized Children in a Country With Low Resistance: Data From eight Point Prevalence Surveys. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. ISSN 0891-3668. 38(4), p. 384–389. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002106. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is low in Norway, but to prevent an increase the Norwegian Government has launched a National Strategy including a 30% reduction of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA) in hospitals within 2020. BSA are defined as second- and third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and quinolones. There are no recent studies of antibiotic use in Norwegian hospitalized children. AIM OF THE STUDY: To describe the use of antibiotics with emphasis on BSA in Norwegian hospitalized children and neonates in order to detect possibilities for optimization. METHODS: Data were extracted from eight national point prevalence surveys of systemic antibiotic prescriptions in Norwegian hospitals between 2015 and 2017. The choices of antibiotics were compared with the empirical recommendations given in available Norwegian guidelines. In total, 1323 prescriptions were issued for 937 patients. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of pediatric inpatients were given antibiotics. Adherence to guidelines was 48%, and 30% (95% CI 27%-33%) of all patients on antibiotics received BSA. We identified only small variations in use of BSA between hospitals. One third of the patients on antibiotic therapy received prophylaxis whereof 13% where given BSA. In 30% of prescriptions with BSA, no microbiological sample was obtained prior to treatment. CONCLUSION: This study reveals an excess of prescriptions with BSA in relation to the low resistance rate in Norway. Our findings reveal areas for improvement that can be useful in the forthcoming antibiotic stewardship programs in Norwegian pediatric departments

• Benko, Ria; Matuz, Maria; Silva, Ana ; Ferreira, Joaquina; Machado, Maria Ceu & Furtado, Claudia [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Cross-national comparison of paediatric antibiotic use in Norway, Portugal and Hungary. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. ISSN 1742-7835. 124(6), p. 722–729. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13198. Full text in Research Archive
• Mohn, Cathrine Helene; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Halvorsen, Jon Anders; Nafstad, Per; Valberg, Morten & Lagerløv, Per (2018). Incidence Trends of Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy and Early Childhood in a Nationwide Prescription Registry Study in Norway. JAMA Network Open. ISSN 2574-3805. 1(7). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4145. Full text in Research Archive
• Kållberg, Cecilia Birgit Maria; Årdal, Christine Oline; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Klein, Eili; Martinez, Elena M & Lindbæk, Morten [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Introduction and geographic availability of new antibiotics approved between 1999 and 2014. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 13(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205166. Full text in Research Archive
• Wathne, Jannicke Slettli; Kleppe, Lars Kåre Selland; Harthug, Stig; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Nilsen, Roy Miodini & Charani, Esmita [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). The effect of antibiotic stewardship interventions with stakeholder involvement in hospital settings: A multicentre, cluster randomized controlled intervention study. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. ISSN 2047-2994. 7. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0400-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Winje, Brita Askeland; White, Richard Aubrey; Syre, Heidi; Skutlaberg, Dag Harald; Oftung, Fredrik & Mengshoel, Anne Torunn [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2018). Stratification by interferon-γ release assay level predicts risk of incident TB. Thorax. ISSN 0040-6376. 73(7), p. 652–661. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211147. Full text in Research Archive
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2017). Legemiddelepikrise fra farmasøyt - følges den opp av fastlege? Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1935. 125(10), p. 35–38. Full text in Research Archive
• Bollestad, Marianne; Vik, Ingvild; Grude, Nils; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Brekke, Hanne & Lindbæk, Morten (2017). Bacteriology in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Norwegian general practice from 2001–2015. British Journal of General Practice Open. ISSN 2398-3795. doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen17X101145.
• Størdal, Ketil; Mårild, Karl Staffan & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2017). Bruk av antibiotika hos barn i perioden 2005 - 16. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(18). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0272.
• Årdal, Christine Oline; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Plahte, Jens & Røttingen, John-Arne (2017). An antibiotic's journey from marketing authorization to use, Norway. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. ISSN 0042-9686. 95(3), p. 220–226. doi: 10.2471/BLT.16.172874.
• Efjestad, Anne; Ihle-Hansen, Hege; Hjellvik, Vidar & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2017). Comedication and treatment length in users of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. ISSN 1664-5464. 7(1), p. 30–40. doi: 10.1159/000454948. Full text in Research Archive
• Blix, Hege Salvesen; Høye, Sigurd; Blandhol, Mari & Tysland, Thekla (2017). Antibiotic switch during treatment with antibiotics against respiratory tract infections in ambulatory care in Norway. Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2374-4235. 49(11-12), p. 854–858. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1350879. Full text in Research Archive
• Alberg, Torunn; Holen, Øyunn; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Lindbæk, Morten; Bentele, Horst & Eriksen, Hanne-Merete (2017). Antibiotikabruk og infeksjoner i sykehjem. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(5), p. 357–361. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0621.
• Holen, Øyunn; Alberg, Torunn; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Smith, Ingrid; Neteland, Marion Iren & Eriksen, Hanne-Merete (2017). Bredspektrede antibiotika i norske sykehus. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(5), p. 362–366. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0622.
• Odsbu, Ingvild; Selmer, Randi; Lundborg, Cecilia Stålsby & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2017). Increased prescribing of systemic tetracyclines and isotretinoin for treatment of acne. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. ISSN 0305-7453. 72(5), p. 1510–1515. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw586.
• Youngster, Ilan; Avorn, Jerry; Belleudi, Valeria; Cantarutti, Anna; Diez-Domingo, Javier & Kirchmayer, Ursula [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2016). Antibiotic Use in Children – A Cross-National Analysis of 6 Countries. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. 182, p. 239–244.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.027.
• Grave, Kari & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2016). Usage of "Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine" in animals, Fish industry and humans. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-VET 2015. Tromsø / Oslo. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Nilsson, Niklas; Lea, Marianne; Lao, Yvonne; Wendelbo, Katherine; Gløersen, Gløer & Mowe, Morten [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Medication discrepancies revealed by medication reconciliation and their potential short-term and long-term effects: a Norwegian multicentre study carried out on internal medicine wards. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (EJHP). ISSN 2047-9956. 22(5), p. 298–303. doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000686.
• Blix, Hege Salvesen; VESTRHEIM, DIDRIK FRIMANN; Hjellvik, Vidar; Skaare, Dagfinn; Christensen, Andreas & Steinbakk, Martin (2015). Antibiotic prescriptions and cycles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in Norway: can a nationwide prescription register be used for surveillance? Epidemiology and Infection. ISSN 0950-2688. 143(9), p. 1884–1892. doi: 10.1017/S0950268814002908.
• Blix, Hege Salvesen (2014). USAGE IN HUMANS. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-VET 2013. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge, Veterinærinstituttet, Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Eriksen, Hanne-Merete; Ramberg Sæther, Anja; Viktil, Kirsten Kilvik; Andberg, Lene Sigrun; Munkerud, Marianne Winther & Willoch, Karin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Antibiotikabruk ved sykehjem - kartlegging med ulike metoder. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 133(19), p. 2052–2056. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.1480. Full text in Research Archive
• Blix, Hege Salvesen (2013). Usage in humans. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-VET 2012; Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Universitet i Nord-Norge, Veterinærinstituttet og Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307. p. 21–34.

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• Viktil, Kirsten Kilvik & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2017). Klinisk farmasi - en lærebok. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245020090. 367 p.

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• Viktil, Kirsten Kilvik; Kinnear, Moira; Lea, Marianne; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Mathiesen, Liv (2023). Teach the Teachers - Workplace based training in clinical pharmacy using patients as a learning resource.
• Viktil, Kirsten Kilvik; Mathiesen, Liv; Lea, Marianne & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2022). Styrking av ¬kliniske farmasøyters veiledningskompetanse. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1935.
• Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Berild, Dag; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Brigtsen, Anne Karin; Myklebust, Tor Åge & Eriksen, Beate Horsberg (2022). Corrigendum: Can We Optimize Antibiotic Use in Norwegian Neonates? A Prospective Comparison Between a University Hospital and a District Hospital (Front. Pediatr., (2019), 7, (440), 10.3389/fped.2019.00440). Frontiers in pediatrics. ISSN 2296-2360. 10. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.862484.
• Høye, Sigurd; Lindbæk, Morten & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2019). Effects of an easy-to-implement, sustainable antimicrobial stewardship intervention in primary care – the ENORM (Educational intervention in NORwegian Municipalities for antibiotic treatment in line with guidelines) study .
• Bollestad, Marianne; Vik, Ingvild; Lindbæk, Morten; Grude, Nils; Brekke, Hanne & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2017). “Bacteriology in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Norwegian general practice from 2001-2015.”.
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johansen, LG & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Hospital pharmacists narrow the gap between health care levels by optimizing discharge letters.
• Buset, Eva Margrethe Nor; Liaaen, Erik Dyb; Roth, Kjetil & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2014). Inhalation technique in hospitalized asthma and COPD patients - should patients be regularly assessed before discharge?
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin ; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Hospital pharmacists narrow the gap between health care levels by optimizing discharge letters.
• Buset, Eva Margrethe Nor; Liaaen, Erik Dyb; Roth, Kjetil & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2014). Inhalation technique in hospitalized asthma and COPD patients – should patients be regularly assessed before discharge?
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin ; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Hospital pharmacists narrow the gap between health care levels by optimizing discharge letters.
• Buajordet, Marit; Viktil, Kirsten Kilvik; Sund, Janne Kutschera & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2013). Clinical significance of interventions made by pharmacists to drug related problems (DRPs). International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research. ISSN 0251-1649. 35(6), p. 1285–1286.
• Wendelbo, Katherine; Viktil, Kirsten Kilvik & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2013). Medication reconciliation on admission to an acute geriatric ward. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. ISSN 2210-7703. 35(5), p. 919–919. doi: 10.1007/s11096-013-9801-0.
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Helgesen, Kari Marie Olli & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (2023). NORM/NORM-VET 2022, Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/Veterinærinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken; Håvelsrud, Othilde Elise; Storm, Margrethe Larsdatter; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Bragstad, Karoline & Stene-Johansen, Kathrine [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Usage of Antivirals and the Occurrence of Antiviral Resistance in Norway 2022. RAVN. Folkehelseinstituttet. Område for smittevern. ISSN 978-82-8406-401-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari; Urdahl, Anne Margrete; Akselsen, Per Espen & Andersen, Cecilie Torp [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). NORM/NORM-VET 2021: Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Veterinærinstituttet og Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307. 2022(1). Full text in Research Archive
• Dansie, Live Storehagen; Bakken, Gry Vibeke; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Ilic, Miljana & Litleskare, Irene [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Drug Consumption in Norway 2017–2021. Data from Norwegian Drug Wholesales Statistics and the Norwegian Prescription Database . Folkehelseinstituttet (Norwegian Institute of Public Health) Område for Helsedata og digitalisering, Avdeling for Legemiddelstatistikk. ISSN 978-82-8406-313-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Sommerschild, Hilchen Thode; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Dansie, Live Storehagen; Litleskare, Irene & Olsen, Kristine [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Drug Consumption in Norway 2016–2020. Data from Norwegian Drug Wholesales Statistics and the Norwegian Prescription Database. Folkehelseinstituttet, Område for Helsedata og digitalisering, Avdeling for Legemiddelstatistikk. ISSN 978-82-8406-211-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (2021). NORM/NORM-VET 2020. Folkehelseinstituttet/Veterinærinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307. Full text in Research Archive
• Sommerschild, Hilchen Thode; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Litleskare, Irene; Olsen, Kristine & Sharikabad, Mohammad Nouri [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Drug Consumption in Norway 2015-2019 - Data from Norwegian Drug Wholesales Statistics and the Norwegian Prescription Database . Folkehelseinstituttet/Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Område for Helsedata og digitalisering. ISSN 978-82-8406-110-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (2020). NORM/NORM-vet 2019. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/NORM-VET. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (2019). NORM/NORM-VET 2018 Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/NORM-VET. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Sakshaug, Solveig; Olsen, Kristine; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Dansie, Live Storehagen & Litleskare, Irene [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Drug Consumption in Norway 2014–2018. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8406-011-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Fenne, Olaug Sveinsgjerd; Furu, Kari; Hjellvik, Vidar & Husabø, Kari Jansdotter [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). The Norwegian Prescription Database 2013–2017. Topic: Drug use in the elderly . Folkehelseinstituttet / Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ISSN 978-82-8082-926-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Furu, Kari; Hjellvik, Vidar; Hartz, Ingeborg; Karlstad, Øystein; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Blix, Hege Salvesen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Legemiddelbruk hos barn og unge i Norge 2008–2017. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-954-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Sakshaug, Solveig; Strøm, Hanne; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Litleskare, Irene & Granum, Tove (2018). Drug Consumption in Norway 2013–2017. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978‐82‐8082‐916‐0. Full text in Research Archive
• Blix, Hege Salvesen & Enersen, Morten (2018). Antibiotic prescribing in dentistry. Folkehelseinstituttet.
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Grave, Kari & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (2018). NORM/NORM-VET 2017; Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM / NORM-VET. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Fenne, Olaug Sveinsgjerd; Furu, Kari; Hjellvik, Vidar & Husabø, Kari Jansdotter [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Reseptregisteret 2012–2016 / The Norwegian Prescription Database 2012–2016. Folkehelseinstituttet, Området for Psykisk og fysisk helse, Avdeling for Legemiddelepidemiologi. ISSN 978-82-8082-824-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Sakshaug, Solveig; Strøm, Hanne; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Litleskare, Irene & Granum, Tove (2017). Drug Consumption in Norway 2012-2016. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-826-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Blix, Hege Salvesen; Torheim, Sissel Marie & Enersen, Morten (2017). Antibiotic prescribing in dentistry in Norm/norm-Vet 2016; Usage of AntimicrobialAgents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Folkehelseinstituttet, Veterinærinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307. 2016(1).
• Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Fenne, Olaug Sveinsgjerd; Husabø, Kari Jansdotter; Selmer, Randi Marie & Torheim, Sissel Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Reseptregisteret 2011–2015 / The Norwegian Prescription Database 2011–2015. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt / The Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ISSN 978-82-8082-714-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Sakshaug, Solveig; Strøm, Hanne; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Litleskare, Irene & Granum, Tove (2016). Drug Consumption in Norway 2011–2015. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-715-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Andersen, Cecilie Torp; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Arnesen, Trude Margrete; Urdahl, Anne Margrete; Astrup, Elisabeth & Blix, Hege Salvesen [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2015). NORM/NORM-VET 2014. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/NORM-VET. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Fenne, Olaug Sveinsgjerd; Husabø, Kari Jansdotter; Litleskare, Irene & Odsbu, Ingvild (2015). Reseptregisteret 2010-2014. Tema: Antibiotika / The Norwegian prescription database 2010-2014. Topic: Antibiotics. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt / The Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ISSN 9788280826657. Full text in Research Archive
• Sakshaug, Solveig; Strøm, Hanne; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Litleskare, Irene & Granum, Tove (2015). Drug consumption in Norway 2010-2014. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-664-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Sakshaug, Solveig; Strøm, Hanne; Berg, Christian Lie; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Litleskare, Irene & Granum, Tove (2014). Drug Consumption in Norway 2009–2013. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 9788280826107. Full text in Research Archive
• Buset, Eva Margrethe Nor; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Liaaen, Erik Dyb (2014). Inhalasjonsteknikk hos kols- og astmapasienter. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Midtdal, Kristin ; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Foss, Olav (2014). Epikrise med farmasøytnotat fra St. Olavs Hospital – når informasjonen fram? Universitetet i Oslo.
• Granlund, Sylvia; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Foss, Olav (2014). Epikrise med farmasøytnotat fra St. Olavs Hospital – Når informasjonen fram? Universitetet i Oslo.
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granås, Anne Gerd; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Johnsen, Lars Gunnar (2014). Epikrise med farmasøytnotat - Fastlegers erfaringer med og nytte av farmasøytnotat ved utskrivning fra St. Olavs Hospital. Universitetet i Oslo.

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