Sverre Arne Sande

• Cuk, Ana; Vingen, Hans Vangsnes; Sande, Sverre Arne & Hiorth, Marianne (2026). Development of an injectable, in situ formed hydrogel for controlled delivery of local anesthetics by exploiting synergism between thermoresponsive block copolymers and alginate, chitosan, or hyaluronate. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. 14. doi: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101158. Full text in Research Archive
• Cuk, Ana; Sande, Sverre Arne & Hiorth, Marianne (2025). Development of an injectable, in situ formed hydrogel for controlled release of local anesthetics. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. ISSN 1773-2247. 112. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107242. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Injectable hydrogels are recognized as interesting delivery systems for local anesthetics. Calcium-alginate is expected to have particularly high potential due to the well-documented biocompatibility and the assumed beneficial effect on neural tissue. Formulating an injectable calcium-alginate hydrogel is complex since the phase transition and the mechanical properties may be changed by specific drug molecules. The purpose of this study was to investigate possibilities for encapsulating lidocaine, with the focus on tuning the gelling kinetics and the viscoelastic properties to achieve gelling time between 1 and 2 min followed by controlled drug release. Rheological analysis identified the [Ca2+]/[COO−] ratio as the key factor that could be manipulated to fine-tune both the gelling time and the crosslinking density. By lowering the ratio from 15 to 10, the gelling time was prolonged from 1.61 to 2.63, and from 1.57 to 2.78 min, for 1 % (w/v) and 1.5 % (w/v) alginate, respectively. In the presence of lidocaine, the gelling times were reduced, resulting in <0.75–0.95 min for 1 % (w/v), and 1.02–1.68 min for 1.5 % (w/v) alginate. The accompanying decreases in storage moduli by lowering the ratio from 15 to 10 were almost 90 % in the drug-free formulations, and about 60 % in the presence of drug. Lidocaine affected the storage moduli in formulations with high ratio by reducing them by about 50 %. Despite the apparently reduced crosslinking density, the investigated gels displayed favorable mechanical properties and drug retention capacity, with about 80 % of lidocaine being released by Fickian diffusion during 8 h.

• Rata, Delia Mihaela; Cadinoiu, Anca Niculina; Atanase, Leonard Ionut; Vochita, Gabriela; Sande, Sverre Arne & Popa, Marcel (2025). Peptide-functionalized magnetic microcapsules loaded with dexamethasone for dual active targeted treatment of inner ear inflammation. Polymer. ISSN 0032-3861. 316. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127864. Full text in Research Archive
• Mahdieh, Athar; Yeganeh, Hamid; Sande, Sverre Arne & Nyström, Bo (2023). Design of novel polyurethane-based ionene nanocarriers for cancer therapy: Synthesis, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. ISSN 0378-5173. 635. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122768. Full text in Research Archive
• Tan, Julia Jianwei; Gjerde, Natalie; Giudice, Alessandra Del; Knudsen, Kenneth Dahl; Galantini, Luciano & Du, Guanqun [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Interactions in Aqueous Mixtures of Cationic Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and Different Anionic Bile Salts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. ISSN 0021-8561. 71(8), p. 3732–3741. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00076. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  It is known that the reduction of blood cholesterol can be accomplished through foods containing a large number of dietary fibers; this process is partially related to the binding of bile salt to fibers. To gain new insights into the interactions between dietary fibers and bile salts, this study investigates the interactions between cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (catHEC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) or sodium cholate (NaC), which have a similar structure. Turbidity measurements reveal strong interactions between catHEC and NaDC, and under some conditions, macroscopic phase separation occurs. In contrast, the interactions with NaC are weak. At a catHEC concentration of 2 wt %, incipient phase separation is approached at concentrations of NaC and NaDC of 32.5 and 19.3 mM, respectively. The rheological results show strong interactions and a prominent viscosification effect for the catHEC/NaDC system but only moderate interactions for the catHEC/NaC system. Both cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering results display fundamental structural differences between the two systems, which may explain the stronger interactions in the presence of NaDC. The surmise is that the extended structures formed in the presence of NaDC can easily form connections and entanglements in the network.

• Carmona, Pierre; Tasici, Anca Maria; Sande, Sverre Arne; Knudsen, Kenneth Dahl & Nyström, Bo (2021). Glyceraldehyde as an efficient chemical crosslinker agent for the formation of chitosan hydrogels. Gels. 7(4). doi: 10.3390/gels7040186. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The rheological changes that occur during the chemical gelation of semidilute solutions of chitosan in the presence of the low-toxicity agent glyceraldehyde (GCA) are presented and discussed in detail. The entanglement concentration for chitosan solutions was found to be approximately 0.2 wt.% and the rheological experiments were carried out on 1 wt.% chitosan solutions with various amounts of GCA at different temperatures (25 °C and 40 °C) and pH values (4.8 and 5.8). High crosslinker concentration, as well as elevated temperature and pH close to the pKa value (pH ≈ 6.3–7) of chitosan are three parameters that all accelerate the gelation process. These conditions also promote a faster solid-like response of the gel-network in the post-gel region after long curing times. The mesh size of the gel-network after a very long (18 h) curing time was found to contract with increasing level of crosslinker addition and elevated temperature. The gelation of chitosan in the presence of other chemical crosslinker agents (glutaraldehyde and genipin) is discussed and a comparison with GCA is made. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) results reveal structural changes between chitosan solutions, incipient gels, and mature gels.

• Alopaeus, Julia Fredrika; Göbel, Anja; Breitkreutz, Jörg; Sande, Sverre Arne & Tho, Ingunn (2020). Investigation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexation of two poorly soluble model drugs and their taste-sensation - Effect of electrolytes, freeze-drying and incorporation into oral film formulations. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. ISSN 1773-2247. 61. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102245. Full text in Research Archive
• Nielsen, Josefine Eilsø; Zhu, Kaizheng; Sande, Sverre Arne; Kováčik, Lubomír; Cmarko, Dusan & Knudsen, Kenneth [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Structural and Rheological Properties of Temperature-Responsive Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers in Aqueous Media. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. ISSN 1520-6106. 121(18), p. 4885–4899. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01174. Full text in Research Archive
• Khorshid, Neda Kahmed; Zhu, Kaizheng; Knudsen, Kenneth Dahl; Bekhradnia, Sara; Sande, Sverre Arne & Nyström, Bo (2016). Novel Structural Changes during Temperature-Induced Self-Assembling and Gelation of PLGA-PEG-PLGA Triblock Copolymer in Aqueous Solutions. Macromolecular Bioscience. ISSN 1616-5187. 16(12), p. 1838–1852. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201600277. Full text in Research Archive
• Vestland, Tina Lien; Jacobsen, Øyvind; Sande, Sverre Arne; Myrset, Astrid Hilde & Klaveness, Jo (2016). Characterization of omega-3 tablets. Food Chemistry. ISSN 0308-8146. 197, p. 496–502. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.142. Full text in Research Archive
• Yip, Wai Lam; Sande, Sverre Arne; Grace, David; Veld, Dirk Jan In't; Sontum, Per Chrisian & Solvang, Tina [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). The Influence of Polysorbate 80 on the Radiochemical Synthesis of a PET Tracer in the FASTlab. Pharmaceutical Research. ISSN 0724-8741. 32(4), p. 1425–1437. doi: 10.1007/s11095-014-1547-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Bekhradnia, Sara; Iram, Naz; Lund, Reidar; Effenberg, Christiane; Appelhans, Dietmar & Sande, Sverre Arne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Characterization of oligosaccharide-functionalized hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) and their complexes with retinol in aqueous solution. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. ISSN 0021-9797. 458, p. 178–186. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.042. Full text in Research Archive
• Bekhradnia, Sara; Diget, Jakob Stensgaard; Zinn, Thomas; Zhu, Kaizheng; Sande, Sverre Arne & Nyström, Bo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Charged star diblock copolymers in dilute solutions: Synthesis, structure, and chain conformations. Macromolecules. ISSN 0024-9297. 48(8), p. 2637–2646. doi: 10.1021/ma502488u. Full text in Research Archive
• Vestland, Tina Lien; Jacobsen, Øyvind; Sande, Sverre Arne; Myrset, Astrid Hilde & Klaveness, Jo (2015). Compactible powders of omega-3 and β-cyclodextrin. Food Chemistry. ISSN 0308-8146. 185, p. 151–158. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.132. Full text in Research Archive
• Wang, Wei & Sande, Sverre Arne (2015). A dynamic light scattering study of hydrogels with the addition of surfactant: a discussion of mesh size and correlation length. Polymer journal. ISSN 0032-3896. 47, p. 302–310. doi: 10.1038/pj.2014.114. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjøniksen, Anna-Lena; Calejo, Maria Teresa Rebelo; Zhu, Kaizheng; Nyström, Bo & Sande, Sverre Arne (2015). Stabilization of Pluronic Gels by Hydrophobically Modified Hydroxyethylcellulose. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials. ISSN 0091-4037. 64(2), p. 76–83. doi: 10.1080/00914037.2014.886245. Full text in Research Archive
• Calejo, Maria Teresa Rebelo; Kjøniksen, Anna-Lena; Maleki, Atoosa; Nyström, Bo & Sande, Sverre Arne (2014). Microparticles based on hydrophobically modified chitosan as drug carriers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. ISSN 0021-8995. 131(7). doi: 10.1002/app.40055. Full text in Research Archive
• Bekhradnia, Sara; Zhu, Kaizheng; Knudsen, Kenneth Dahl; Sande, Sverre Arne & Nyström, Bo (2014). Structure, swelling, and drug release of thermoresponsive poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. Journal of Materials Science. ISSN 0022-2461. 49(17), p. 6102–6110. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8340-y. Full text in Research Archive

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• Sande, Sverre Arne & Flaten, Gøril Eide (2025). Galenisk farmasi. Store Norske Leksikon (Nettutgaven). Full text in Research Archive
• Nyström, Bo; Bekhradnia, Sara; Naz, Iram; Lund, Reidar; Appelhans, Dietmar & Sande, Sverre Arne (2015). Structural features of maltose-functionalized hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) and their complexes. Full text in Research Archive

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