Siste publikasjoner

• Pershina, Raissa & Ayache, Urszula Wiszniowska (2027). AI in the creation of sustainability-oriented data-centred innovation: The case of digital twins in the oil and gas sector. I Hanisch, Marvin & Fabian, Nicolai Etienne (Red.), The Elgar Companion to Artificial Intelligence and the Sustainable Development Goals. Edward Elgar Publishing. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Moen, Per August Jarval (2027). Minimax rates in variance and covariance changepoint testing. Bernoulli. ISSN 1350-7265. To appear. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2405.07757. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bolland, Sondre; Haraldsrud, Andreas; Jensen, Siri M. & Strømme, Torstein J. F. (2026). Validation of a Pre-CS1 Concept Inventory. ACM Transactions on Computing Education. doi: 10.1145/3858344. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  As programming has become a prominent component of K–12 education in large parts of the world, incoming university students increasingly enter higher education with prior programming experience. To inform instructors of how far students have already progressed into the introductory programming (CS1) curriculum at the point of entry, we developed the Prior Informatics Knowledge Assessment (PIKA), a diagnostic assessment tool targeting elementary CS1 concepts. This paper presents a validity argument for PIKA as a concept inventory by integrating multiple sources of evidence. Test content validity is supported through curriculum triangulation and iterative expert review. Response process evidence derives from think-aloud interviews ( \(n=10\) ), examining whether items elicit intended conceptual reasoning. Internal structure is evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory on large-scale response data ( \(n=1{,}355\) ), assessing dimensionality and item function. Evidence based on relations to other variables is provided by correlating PIKA scores with CS1 final examination performance ( \(n=280\) ). Results indicate that PIKA responses are largely governed by a single latent trait corresponding to introductory programming knowledge. Model fit indices support an essentially unidimensional structure, and think-aloud findings suggest that most tasks require relevant CS1 knowledge to be answered correctly. PIKA scores show a moderate positive correlation with CS1 exam performance, indicating that PIKA measures knowledge that meaningfully relates to CS1 learning outcomes. At the same time, the analyses reveal limitations. Certain constructs—particularly the use of for -loops with lists—appear underrepresented in some K–12 curricula, limiting the diagnostic value of multiple items targeting this content. In addition, item response theory results and response distributions suggest a shortage of difficult items, reducing PIKA's precision for students with advanced prior knowledge. These limitations will be targeted for refinement in upcoming PIKA administrations and changes will be studied in future validation work.

• Ratz, Andrew W.; Arnold, A. Elizabeth; Burrill, Haley M.; Caiafa, Marcos V.; Conery, John & Dawson, Heather A. [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Sporecasting Biogeography Across Scales: Continental Patterns and Local Constraints on Macrofungal Dispersal. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 35(9), s. 1–17. doi: 10.1111/mec.70366. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Abe, K.; Abe, S.; Abhir, J.; Abhishek, A.; Acciari, V. A. & Acero, F. [Vis alle 362 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Constraints on the VHE Counterpart of Two Binary Black Hole Mergers Observed by the MAGIC and CTAO LST-1 Telescopes. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. ISSN 0004-6280. 138(8), s. 1–25. doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/ae8a7e. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mahalaxmi, Paraman; Veerapandy, Vasu & Ponniah, Vajeeston (2026). First-Principles Investigation into Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Mixed Halide Perovskites CsPbBr<inf>3–y</inf>X<inf>y</inf>(X = I, Cl, F; y = 0, 1, 2, 3) Using GGA, mBJ, mBJ + SOC, and HSE Functionals. ACS Omega. 11(37), s. 56209–56223. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c06754. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• McKevitt, James; Matthews, Sarah; Brooks, David H.; Shimizu, Toshifumi; Tei, Akiko & Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio [Vis alle 22 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Pre-flare and active region plasma flows and structure seen by the short wavelength camera on SOLAR-C/EUVST. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ). ISSN 0004-6264. 78(4), s. 1524–1545. doi: 10.1093/pasj/psag078. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The mechanisms triggering solar flares and driving coronal heating occur across wide temperature ranges on small spatial scales and short timescales, making them difficult to observe with current instrumentation. The upcoming SOLAR-C mission, launching in the late 2020s, will provide unprecedented plasma diagnostic capability with its high-throughput extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopic telescope (EUVST), capable of 0.2 arcsec/pix spatial sampling (⁠~0.4 arcsec resolution), continuous temperature coverage from 0.02 to 15 MK, and exposure times down to 0.5 s. We present forward modelling of the spectrograph’s short wavelength camera (170.0–212.3 Å; SOLAR-C/EUVST-SW) and its response to log T ~ 6.2 coronal plasma in a three-dimensional MHD-simulated pre-flare active region. We compare this performance to that of the previous-generation EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode (SOLAR-B). Our results demonstrate that SOLAR-C/EUVST can distinguish individual flux tubes in simulated active region loops, which Hinode/EIS cannot resolve. In simulated pre-flare plasma, SOLAR-C/EUVST captures sharp velocity gradients between adjacent upflowing and downflowing plasma which Hinode/EIS is unable to resolve. Doppler velocity measurement accuracy will reach better than 1 km/s in active regions. We show that this next-generation spectrograph can be expected to directly observe processes potentially related to flare triggering, such as plasma flows from low-altitude reconnection linked to emerging flux, and determine whether active region loops consist of a small number of strands or the hundreds predicted by magnetic reconnection-induced nanoflare heating models.

• Ludvigsen, Lene Ugilt Pagter; Thomsen, Marianne Kragh; Kro, Grete Anette Birkeland; Pedersen, Rune Micha; Gramkow, Ann Maria & Åsberg, Anders [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Epstein-Barr virus infection monitoring in kidney transplant recipients (EVITA study)—investigating the clinical significance of EBV-DNAemia and the risk of early-onset PTLD. American Journal of Transplantation. ISSN 1600-6135. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajt.2026.07.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cordero, Christian P.; Brenne, Hanne Britt; Ytteborg, Elisabeth; Hansen, Miroslava; Johansen, Lill-Heidi & Vanrompay, Daisy [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Immune responses in the olfactory organ and brain of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following nasal vaccination against Francisella noatunensis. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. ISSN 1050-4648. s. 1–40. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111767. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bacterial infections caused by the intracellular bacterium Francisella noatunensis pose a major health challenge in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), largely due to the lack of effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Here we evaluated the immune and physiological responses of cod to two candidate live attenuated vaccines (i.e. clpB and iglC) against F. noatunensis delivered intranasally. These experimental vaccines were constructed by a single knockout mutation of a virulence gene in F. noatunensis. Cod was vaccinated intranasally and reared for 45 days until infection with the wild-type strain Francisella noatunenesis subp. noatunensis and further reared for 47 days until termination. Given the chosen delivery route, our analyses were focused on the olfactory organ and brain of cod. Infected cod presented classic gross pathologies of francisellosis, including multi-organ nodulations, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Among the vaccine candidates, the clpB-vaccinated group demonstrated upregulated expression of immune response genes in both the olfactory organ and brain, exhibited the lowest nodulation score, and showed minimal histological alterations in the olfactory organ. To further explore the physiological consequences of the clpB mutant, shotgun proteomics was performed in selected olfactory organ and brain of vaccinated cod. We identified 404 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the brain and 241 in the olfactory organ with 17 DEPs common to both organs. These DEPs were mostly involved in cellular signalling, transmembrane internalisation, enzymatic processes, and important immune response pathways, such as immune recruitment and activation, the respiratory burst reaction, and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the clpB-attenuated vaccine holds promise as a candidate vaccine against F. noatunensis and provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of immune modulation.

• Colley, Jemina; Joshi, Suhas Govind; Biggelaar, Anne van den; Strömqvist, Sofia; Kirjavainen, Emma & Herstad, Jo [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Where Participation Happens: Mapping Contemporary Sociotechnical Settings. I Havinen, Laura & Hägglund, Susanne (Red.), NordiCHI '26 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400727986. s. 1–5. doi: 10.1145/3821402.3830202. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Njå, Ola; Nielsen, Arne Eirik; Holone, Harald; Joshi, Suhas Govind & Herstad, Jo (2026). Closing Time: A Theatre of Augmentation. I Havinen, Laura & Hägglund, Susanne (Red.), NordiCHI '26: Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400723735. s. 1–10. doi: 10.1145/3821402.3830169. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bratteteig, Tone; Joshi, Suhas Govind & Maartmann-Moe, Harald (2026). Participatory Design for everyday autonomy in digitalized environments. I Havinen, Laura & Hägglund, Susanne (Red.), NordiCHI '26: Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400723735. s. 1–16. doi: 10.1145/3829807.3829897. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Colley, Jemina; Niess, Jasmin & Joshi, Suhas Govind (2026). Was It Worth It? Retrospective Meaning-Making in Co-Design. I Havinen, Laura & Hägglund, Susanne (Red.), NordiCHI '26: Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400723735. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1145/3829807.3829838. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Danieli, Krubeal & Lepperød, Mikkel Elle (2026). Flexible navigation with neuromodulated cognitive maps. PLoS Computational Biology. ISSN 1553-734X. 22(7), s. 1013487–1013487. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013487. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Animals develop specialized cognitive maps during navigation, constructing environmental representations that facilitate efficient exploration and goal-directed planning. The hippocampal CA1 region is implicated as the primary neural substrate for cognitive mapping, housing spatially tuned cells that adapt based on behavioral patterns and internal states. Computational approaches to modeling these biological systems have employed various methodologies. Although labeled graphs with local spatial information and deep neural networks have provided computational frameworks for spatial navigation, significant limitations persist in modeling one-shot adaptive mapping. We introduce a biologically inspired place cell architecture that develops cognitive maps during exploration of novel environments. Our model implements a simulated agent for reward-driven navigation that forms spatial representations online. The architecture incorporates behaviorally relevant information through neuromodulatory signals that respond to environmental boundaries and reward locations. Learning combines rapid Hebbian plasticity, lateral competition, and targeted modulation of place cells. Analysis of the model across a variety of environments demonstrates that online map formation and reward-directed navigation can emerge within a single simulated trial, without the multi-epoch training typically required by reinforcement-learning approaches. The simulation results show that the agent successfully explores and navigates to target locations in various environments, adapting when reward positions change. Analysis of neuromodulated place cells reveals dynamic changes in neuronal density and place field size after behaviorally significant events. These findings align with experimental observations of reward effects on hippocampal spatial cells while providing computational support for the efficacy of biologically inspired approaches to cognitive mapping.

• Muir, Tom & Kannelønning, Mari Serine (2026). AI as an Academic Writing Companion: Prompting, Rhetoric and Research Writing | Journal of Academic Writing. Journal of Academic Writing. 16(1), s. 1–14. doi: 10.18552/joaw.v16i1.1481. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This Teaching Practice paper documents and reflects on a workshop aiming to infuse rhetorical knowledge into Gen AI prompting. The workshop – “AI as an Academic Writing Companion” – is aimed at PhD candidates and academic faculty. It runs at a large Scandinavian university where English is a second language for most researchers, but is very much the expected language of academic publication. It is easy to be dazzled by the superficial, sentence-level fluency of Generative AIs, especially if one is a novice researcher writing in a second language. This superficial fluency may obscure the AI’s lack of rhetorical principles, however: the AI may lack them, and the researcher may not know the AI lacks them. To combine academic literacy with a critical sense of the capabilities of AI chatbots, therefore, the workshop draws on Moxley’s idea of kairos-based prompting. The aim here is to develop and apply the rhetorical knowledge necessary to guide a bot’s responses; in this way, the workshop combines the needs of researchers for both traditional academic literacies and generative AI literacy. The article describes the prompts and the pedagogy behind them, and our reflections on the development of the workshop.

• Sengupta, Poushali; Khadka, Rabindra; Maharjan, Sabita; Eliassen, Frank; Pandey, Shashi Raj & Zhang, Yan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Explainability of Complex AI Models with Correlation Impact Ratio. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence (TAI). s. 14–14. doi: 10.1109/tai.2026.3732283. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ali, Ahmed M.; Timar, Attila; Boyd, James P.; Barta, Károly; Abdelsamei, Enas & Sheishah, Diaa [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Integrating electrical resistivity tomography–derived metrics with ensemble machine learning to predict the depth-to-water in earthen levees. Engineering Geology. ISSN 0013-7952. 374. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.109088. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Modgil, Vinay; Sahay, Sundeep; Mukherjee, Arunima; Surial, Rashmi; Sinha, Oshin & Kumar, Sahil [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). A multi-seasonal mixed-method point-prevalence study of antibiotic prescription patterns in a tertiary healthcare facility in India. EMJ Microbiology & Infectious Diseases . s. 52–55. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9029871/v1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Background Point prevalence surveys (PPS) are a core tool of the WHO Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), yet their implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited by weak prescribing and surveillance systems. We conducted a multiseasonal mixed-method PPS, integrating quantitative prescribing data with qualitative ward observations, and the behavioural and operational factors shaping antibiotic prescribing and use of culture testing in a tertiary-care hospital in northern India. Methods A hospital-wide PPS was conducted across autumn (November 2023), summer (April 2024), monsoon (August 2024), and winter (January 2025), with each phase comprising a two-week data collection episode, following WHO Global-PPS methodology. Data were collected from five inpatient departments (Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics-Gynaecology, adult, paediatric, and neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) using standardised forms. Quantitative data on indications, routes, and AWaRe categories were supplemented with ward observations and inpatient follow-up to assess culture testing, antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) use, and treatment modifications. Results A total of 1,680 inpatients were surveyed. Ceftriaxone (30–33%), Piperacillin–tazobactam (9–20%), and Doxycycline (8–16%) were the top prescribed antibiotics. Azithromycin use dropped sharply after the first phase. Amikacin (6–9%) and Meropenem prescribing (4–7%) remained low. Empirical prescribing dominated (63–67%), while culture-guided therapy remained ≤ 6%. Over 80% of antibiotics were given parenterally. Watch antibiotics accounted for 46–56% of prescriptions, Access 35–51%, and Reserve ≤ 4%. Prophylactic use ranged from 24–30%, and combination therapy was common in the ICU. Clinical diagnoses showed seasonal variation, with gastrointestinal (20–22%) and chronic conditions (17–23%) most frequent, and respiratory infections (3–9%) peaking in monsoon and winter. Antibiotic modification following AST occurred in only 4.7–6.5% of cases. Qualitative findings highlighted stock-outs of oral antibiotics, delays in culture sampling, and documentation gaps during patient transfers, limited stewardship activities, collectively reinforcing broad-spectrum empirical use. Conclusions This PPS found high empirical and broad-spectrum antibiotic use, limited culture-based prescribing, and systemic gaps hindering stewardship. Strengthening diagnostic access and use, ensuring drug availability, and embedding multidisciplinary stewardship teams with real-time feedback are essential to promote evidence-based prescribing in resource-limited settings.

• Dalda, Alberto Sainz; Rodríguez, Jaime de la Cruz; Hansteen, Viggo Haraldson; Pontieu, Bart Walter De & Gošić, Milan (2026). The IRIS^2+ Inversion Tool: Recovering the Radiative Losses and the Thermodynamics in the Lower Solar Atmosphere. The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ). ISSN 0004-637X. 997(2). doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae274c. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We introduce an improved and fast inversion tool that is able to provide the thermodynamics of the solar atmosphere from the photosphere to the top of the chromosphere, as well as the integrated radiative losses (IRLs) in the chromosphere for data observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). This NASA mission has been observing the Sun and providing, among other kinds of data, multiline spectral observations sensitive to changes in the lower solar atmosphere since 2013. In this paper, we explain the new inversion tool IRIS2+ based on the IRIS2+ database, which is based on 135,472 synthetic representative profiles (RPs), each of them consisting of six chromospheric lines and six photospheric lines, their corresponding representative model atmospheres (RMA), and the IRL associated with these atmospheres. A nearest neighbor (k-nn) model algorithm is trained with the synthetic representative profiles to predict the closest RP in the database to the one observed, at which point IRIS2+ assigns the RMA and the IRL to the location of that observed profile. We have compared the results obtained by IRIS2+ with results obtained from the state-of-the-art inversion code STiC, which is also used to build the IRIS2+ database. We find that the thermodynamics and the IRL obtained with both methods are comparable in most cases. Therefore, IRIS2+ is a fast and reliable inversion tool that provides approximate values of the thermodynamic state and the radiative losses in the lower solar atmosphere for a large variety of solar scenes observed with IRIS.

• Chen, Wei; Bocus, Massimo; Olsbye, Unni & Speybroeck, Veronique Van (2026). Dynamic evolution and stability of ketenes in MAPO-18 (M = Si or Mg): Molecular insights into the reaction mechanism for CO<inf>2</inf>-to-hydrocarbons. Cuihuà xuébào. ISSN 0253-9837. 89, s. 337–352. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65118-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Totland, Lasse; Bendiksen, Bård Andre; Nordén, Einar Sjaastad; Hauge-Iversen, Ida Marie; Bergo, Kaja Knudsen & Zhang, Lili [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Strain Rate Angle Distribution as an Indicator of Post-Infarct Myocardial Remodeling: Proof-of-Concept of a Novel Application of the MRI Derived Strain Rate Tensor Field. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. ISSN 0740-3194. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1002/mrm.70607. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eskilt, Johannes Røsok (2026). Cosmic birefringence from a joint analysis of ACT and Planck. Physical Review D. ISSN 2470-0010. 114(4). doi: 10.1103/HCSM-39QW. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Dark matter and dark energy could be ultralight pseudoscalar fields that couple to electromagnetism through a Chern-Simons term. This would cause a parity-breaking rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light from the cosmic microwave background, known as cosmic birefringence, which is not predicted by Λ cold dark matter. Recent hints of a nonzero cosmic birefringence angle have been found in both the Planck Data Release 4 and Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 6 datasets independently. This work jointly analyzes the polarized maps of both, leveraging the cross-power spectra between the two telescopes. Taking the reported instrumental priors at face value, the joint analysis yields 𝛽 =0.27⁢7°±0.05⁢7°, which is nonzero with a statistical significance of 4.8⁢𝜎. A robustness test mitigating contamination from dust emission excludes 𝛽 =0° at 3.5⁢𝜎, and retrieving 𝛽 =0° would require both the dust 𝐸⁢𝐵 modeling and instrumental priors to fail simultaneously. However, unresolved systematics in the data must be understood before we can draw strong cosmological conclusions.

• Lunde, Jenny; Anderson, E.K.; Bartulović, P.; Baudot, J.; Berdalović, I. & Dorokhov, A. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Exploring effects of geometrical parameters for CASSIA, a monolithic sensor with internal amplification. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A : Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. ISSN 0168-9002. 1091. doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171784. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Tracking in future High Energy Physics collider experiments requires high timing and high spatial resolution while keeping the material budget low. The CMOS Active SenSor with Internal Amplification (CASSIA) project addresses these requirements by developing a monolithic CMOS sensor with internal amplification. The sensor is designed to have two operational modes, a low gain amplification region with a gain in the range of 10–100 before breakdown, and a single photon avalanche mode with gain in the order of 1000 after breakdown. In this article, changes to the gain layer radius and implant structures are analyzed, showing a difference in breakdown voltage of tens of volts depending on implant structures and gain layer radius. Dark count rates also show a clear dependence on the combination of n+-electrode and gain layer implants.

• Pernegger, H.; Anderson, E.K.; Bartulović, P.; Berdalović, I.; Brown, M. Giroux de Foiard & Haberl, S. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). First results of a monolithic active pixel sensor with internal signal gain fully integrated in a 180 nm CMOS technology. Journal of Instrumentation (JINST). 21. doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/21/05/p05022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Dense tracking environments in experiments at CERN's High-Luminosity LHC and future FCC experiments call for an increased use of timing information in addition to the position measurement of pixel detectors. This adds one dimension to the information available, and is essential for pile-up mitigation at high luminosity. The CASSIA sensor project ( C MOS A ctive S en S or with I nternal A mplification) focuses on the development of pixel matrices with internal charge multiplication, based on monolithic CMOS sensor technologies, suitable for application as charged particle tracking and timing detectors. CMOS sensors with in-pixel internal amplification would provide higher signal amplitudes, an improved signal-to-noise ratio, better time resolution and increased sensitivity, making them attractive for high-radiation environments. Their monolithic integration in small pixels reduces the parallel capacitance presented to a front-end amplifier and the power dissipation making it suitable for fine-pitch low-power detectors. Fast signal rise time due to internal charge amplification improves the response time and timing resolution, all of which make such a technology attractive for future 4D tracking applications in HEP experiments. This paper presents the first results of the CASSIA sensor, a novel MAPS which uses gain layers fully integrated in a 180nm imaging process to achieve internal signal amplification. In the first measurements presented here we demonstrate the gain behaviour of different pixel implant designs and show that the sensor can be operated as LGAD sensor with low gain in proportional mode at lower voltages and as SPAD sensor at higher voltages.

• Chang, Christopher Jackson; Farmer, Benjamin; Fowlie, Andrew & Kvellestad, Anders (2026). Exact inference from noisy simulations in collider physics. Physical Review D. ISSN 2470-0010. 113(7). doi: 10.1103/2d39-gsjp. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Bumke, Lars; Quandt, Eckhard; Kušnír, Jakub; Grabec, Tomáš & Seiner, Hanuš [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Screening for new elastocaloric materials in a compositionally graded NiCuTiZr thin film. Materialia. 50, s. 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102896. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  NiTi-based shape memory alloys can be used as the active material in elastocaloric cooling devices. For optimal performance, they should simultaneously exhibit high reversibility and low temperature hysteresis, which can be achieved by ensuring that the middle eigenvalue of the primary stretch matrix λ2=1. Also, an adequate transformation temperature and a high enthalpy of transformation are required. In this study, a systematic screening for highly reversible shape memory alloys was performed, using compositionally graded Ni-Cu-Ti-Zr thin films generated by magnetron sputtering. Based on experimental data from the literature, a model predicting λ2 from the quaternary film compositions indicated a range of targeted compositions with λ2=1. The properties of the thin-film compositions were experimentally investigated to corroborate the theoretical possibilities. Martensitic phase transformations were observed with differential scanning calorimetry, demonstrating a systematic change in transformation temperatures with composition. X-ray diffraction confirmed a transition between B2 austenite and B19’ martensite structures, similar to binary NiTi compounds. The targeted compositions did not exhibit the expected temperature-driven phase transformations with low hysteresis. Tensile testing revealed superelastic behaviour, but the samples were intrinsically brittle with large hysteresis and mechanical instability. This was explained by phase separation and the formation of Ti2Ni- and Ni4Ti3-like minority phases. Despite the failure to demonstrate new shape memory alloys with high reversibility, the study suggests a path to efficient searches for new alloys with novel functional properties.

• Grandcolas, Mathieu; Løvoll, Marte; Dahl, Øystein; Thøgersen, Annett; Svenum, Ingeborg-Helene & Wenckstern, Holger Von [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Rapid thermal processing of photoanodes for solar water splitting: status, challenges and opportunities. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. ISSN 0927-0248. 309, s. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114728. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is gaining attention as an efficient alternative to conventional annealing of materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. By delivering ultrafast heating and precise temperature control, RTP introduces non-equilibrium conditions that enable metastable phase formation, defect engineering, and interfacial control, while preserving transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) essential for PEC architectures. These advantages improve crystallinity, activate dopants, and enhance interfacial quality without the drawbacks of prolonged furnace treatments. Recent studies report two- to fourfold increases in photocurrent density and negative onset potential shifts up to 300 mV for RTP-treated photoanodes, highlighting RTP's potential to accelerate PEC performance toward industrial benchmarks. Despite these advantages, RTP remains underutilized in PEC research, with challenges in process optimization, atmosphere control, and scalability still unresolved. This review summarizes current progress on RTP for several oxide photoanodes, compares its performance with that of conventional annealing processes, and discusses mechanistic insights. Future directions include hybrid thermal strategies, real-time diagnostics, and data-driven design to enable scalable PEC device manufacturing and sustainable solar hydrogen production.

• Maurstad, Marius Filomeno; Kusy, Dominik; Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Böhne, Astrid & Monteiro, Rita [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). ERGA-BGE chromosome-level genome assembly of the giant stream lacewing  Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763). Open Research Europe. 6. doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.23457.3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The giant stream lacewing, Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763), is a widespread European species belonging to the insect order Neuroptera. Its cryptic larvae are predators found at the banks of streams and smaller rivers where they use their piercing, lance-shaped stylets to inject venom into their arthropod prey. Here, we present the reference genome of the giant stream lacewing as a crucial resource for uncovering the genetic basis of venom evolution in Neuroptera. The chromosome-level genome encompasses 674.7 Mb and is composed of 60 contigs and 24 scaffolds where 99.2% of the assembly is distributed among the 6 contiguous chromosomal pseudomolecules and two sex chromosomes (X and Y). Contig and scaffold N50 have a value of 51.5 Mb and 116.2 Mb, respectively. This reference genome is the first genomic resource from the family of lance lacewings, providing valuable data for clarifying the phylogenetic placement of the family Osmylidae within Neuroptera.

• Wang, Heng; Wang, Fuqiang; Xu, Chong-Yu; Zhao, Heng; Huang, Shengzhi & Yang, Huan [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Spatiotemporal evolution and concentration of global meteorological drought from a three-dimensional object-based perspective. Journal of Hydrology. ISSN 0022-1694. 680. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.136473. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Young, Petrus & García-Godos, Jemima (2026). Hydrogen Geographies in Latin America: Uneven Development in the Energy Transition. Geography Compass. 20(10). doi: 10.1111/gec3.70098. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  ABSTRACT Over the past decade, hydrogen development has become part of Latin America's decarbonization landscape, positioning the region as a potential exporter of green energy, yet revealing deep territorial inequalities. This paper explores the geography of hydrogen in Latin America, where projects cluster along coastal corridors and reproduce long‐standing patterns of uneven development. Based on a review of recent academic literature and policy documents, we analyze how fragmented governance, competing claims on water and land, and limited local participation interact with this emerging geography. Hydrogen transitions involve much more than technological shifts. As hydrogen development evolves in Latin America, it produces the socio‐spatial reconfiguration of territories, resource use, and environment‐society relations. We propose potential pathways, including participatory governance, redistributive infrastructure, and recognitional planning, to embed energy justice and inclusion in the emerging geographies of hydrogen. The Latin American case shows how emerging hydrogen geographies are shaped by the interaction between global decarbonization agendas and histories of extraction, inequality, and environmental change.

• Johnson, Hannah; Dolk, Helen; Loane, Maria; Damase-Michel, Christine; Given, Joanne & Nordeng, Hedvig Marie Egeland [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Case-malformed signal detection and prioritisation using EUROmediCAT data for pharmacovigilance in pregnancy. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ISSN 0306-5251. 92(10), s. 3586–3597. doi: 10.1002/bcp.70645. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reis, Paula Kozlowski Pitombeira; Flekkøy, Eirik Grude; Toussaint, Renaud & Måløy, Knut Jørgen (2026). Linear response theory of front back-contraction during a single Haines jump. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. ISSN 0022-1120. 1041. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2026.11960. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We study the linear response of a fluid–fluid interface in a porous medium subjected to a localised, transient perturbation. A single pore is driven out of mechanical equilibrium by a small displacement, initiating a back-contraction of the interface. Assuming negligible total flow, the interface relaxes with a time- and space-dependent profile h(x,t), modelled for a flat geometry. This set-up reflects conditions achievable experimentally using a localised heterogeneity in pore-throat sizes. We determine the evolving interface shape during the relaxation process, together with the associated pressure and velocity fields, using both analytical calculations and pore-network simulations.

• Mikheenko, Pavlo (2026). Artificial quantum brain: A bold proposal. Low Temperature Physics. ISSN 1063-777X. 52(7), s. 900–904. doi: 10.1063/10.0044252. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper discusses the possibility of building an elemental unit of an artificial quantum brain using self-assembly, featuring resonant synchronization and the spontaneous development of an action-potential response to coherent electromagnetic radiation. This unit will be suitable for incorporation into bionic robotic systems and/or natural biological organisms. It is proposed that the unit be formed through the self-assembly of superconducting microtubules on a rigid polymer scaffolding, with a spatial periodicity of 9 μm, to allow synchronization by infrared radiation at this wavelength, making it compatible with the natural brains of biological organisms. The paper describes the available experiments on the controlled self-assembly of such microtubules. Additionally, it suggests methods for training the artificial brain unit and exploring its emerging quantum consciousness.

• Denton, C. Adeene; Asphaug, Erik; Baijal, Namya & Melikyan, Robert E. (2026). Collisional Capture of an Intact Moon Depends on Strength. Astrophysical Journal Letters. ISSN 2041-8205. 1008(1). doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae91e9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ali, Ahmed Farag; Inan, Nader; Laukkonen, Ruben & Mikheenko, Pavlo (2026). A Coherence–Dissipation Framework for Brain Dynamics and Consciousness. Entropy. 28(10). doi: 10.3390/e28101074. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We develop a theoretical proposal linking vacuum stability and brain dynamics through superconductivity-inspired coherence, symmetry reduction, and the thermodynamic stabilization of low-entropy regimes. We take an unbroken SU(3) structure as a candidate stable residue of the low-temperature vacuum. At the neural level, we formulate a coarse-grained analog in which a two-fluid model with dissipative and coherence-supporting components describes brain dynamics. Specifically, the coherence-supporting component is proposed as a possible basis for the efficient binding and integration required to sustain a stable, unified conscious state. The proposal offers a common geometric language for relating physics and neuroscience with falsifiable signatures in coherence and state-dependent transitions. The main technical contribution is a computational algebraic model of conscious-state dynamics, where neural data are mapped to reconstructed state trajectories. Effective generators are inferred from those trajectories, and the two-fluid split is tested as a Cartan–root decomposition of su(3), with a rank-two commuting sector for coherence-preserving balance and six root directions for state transitions. This structure can be tested on neural data and contrasted with alternative dynamical models.

• Modgil, Vinay; Sahay, Sundeep; Singh, Ravikant; Mukherjee, Arunima Sehgal; Surial, Rashmi & Bhoi, Bibekananda (2026). Health-system drivers of outpatient antibiotic use: evidence from prescribing, centralized supply, and catchment populations in public tertiary hospitals in Bihar, India. Frontiers in Health Services. 6. doi: 10.3389/frhs.2026.1800794. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), antibiotic use is shaped not only by clinical decision-making but also by health-system factors such as centralized drug procurement, supply availability, and population catchment pressures. However, empirical evidence linking outpatient prescribing patterns with state-level antibiotic supply and catchment characteristics remains limited. Bihar, one of India's most populous and resource-constrained states, represents a critical yet under-studied setting for understanding these interactions. Methods: We conducted a multicentre observational study across three public tertiary care hospitals in Bihar, SKMCH Muzaffarpur, DMCH Darbhanga, and JLNMCH Bhagalpur, using outpatient prescription data collected between 2023 and 2025 (n = 8,822). These data were triangulated with state-level antibiotic supply records from the Bihar Medical Services and Infrastructure Corporation Limited (BMSICL) for 2022–2025 and secondary data describing hospital catchment populations. Prescribing indicators, WHO AWaRe classification, essential drug list (EDL) status, and supply–prescription concordance were analysed to assess alignment with antimicrobial stewardship goals. Results: Across all sites, outpatient antibiotic use was characterized by high polypharmacy (4–4.7 drugs per prescription), extensive empirical prescribing, and minimal use of culture-based diagnostics (≤2.6%). Broad-spectrum antibiotics dominated prescribing, with Amoxicillin–Clavulanic acid (42.8%), Azithromycin (13.1%), and Cefixime (6.9%) being most frequently used. While Access-category antibiotic use exceeded 50% at two sites, Watch-category use was disproportionately high at JLNMCH (58%), a hospital serving an extensive rural catchment with long patient travel times. Supply–prescription analysis revealed strong alignment for commonly used antibiotics, indicating stable state-level procurement patterns; however, the continued use of Watch-category and non-EDL antibiotics, including Moxifloxacin, raised stewardship concerns. Notably, irrational fixed-dose combinations were prescribed despite not being supplied, indicating parallel private-sector access. Generic prescribing exceeded 97% across all sites, reflecting a positive institutional norm. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescribing in Bihar's public tertiary hospitals is influenced by the interactions of centralized supply stability, diagnostic constraints, and catchment-level pressures rather than prescriber behaviour alone. Persistent availability of broad-spectrum antibiotics through state procurement may be associated with entrenched prescribing patterns, particularly in high-volume, rural-serving facilities. Effective antimicrobial stewardship in such settings requires context-sensitive strategies that integrate supply-chain reform, strengthened diagnostic pathways, and locally tailored prescriber support, moving beyond uniform, guideline-only approaches.

• Bate, W.; Gordovskyy, M.; Prasad, Avijeet; Brun, A. S.; Strugarek, A. & Sieyra, M. V. [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Energetics and Emission in a Simulated Solar Flare Initialized by a Non-force-free Magnetic Field. The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ). ISSN 0004-637X. 1006(2). doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae7c69. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Solar flare simulations are commonly initialised using nonlinear force-free field (NLFF) extrapolations derived from photospheric vector magnetograms. However, the force-free assumption neglects plasma forces and may limit the available free magnetic energy. In this work, we perform a controlled comparison of two three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the X2.1-class flare that occurred on 2011 September 6 in NOAA Active Region 11283. The simulations differ only in their initial magnetic configuration: one is based on a conventional NLFF extrapolation, while the other employs a non-force-free extrapolation. Both models are evolved in an identical stratified atmosphere using the same numerical framework, enabling direct assessment of how the initial magnetic assumptions influence flare dynamics and energetics. We find that the non-force-free model undergoes more extensive magnetic restructuring and releases approximately twice as much magnetic energy (≈4.4 × 10^31 erg) as the NLFF case (≈2.3 × 10^31 erg), bringing the energy budget into closer agreement with expectations for X-class flares. Synthetic extreme-ultraviolet emission in the 94 Å channel is computed for both simulations and compared with observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The non-force-free model produces a brighter and more spatially extended emission structure that more closely resembles the observed flare morphology and light curve. These results demonstrate that assumptions made in constructing the preflare coronal magnetic field can significantly affect flare energetics and observable signatures and suggest that non-force-free extrapolations provide a promising pathway toward more realistic data-constrained flare modelling.

• Essner, Rachel A.; Ruda, Kiersten; Choh, Hannah J.; Kucukdereli, Hakan; Amsalem, Oren & Edelhaus, Julia [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Brainstem sensing of multiple body signals during food consumption. Neuron. ISSN 0896-6273. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2026.08.015. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dragland, Ruben Skjelstad; Schultheiß, Jan; Ushakov, I. N.; Proksch, R. & Meier, Dennis (2026). Interferometric Vector Piezoresponse Force Microscopy for Simultaneous Ferroelectric Domain and Crystallographic Orientation Mapping in Uniaxial Ferroelectric Polycrystals. Small. ISSN 1613-6810. doi: 10.1002/smll.75372.
• Sjur, Anna Lina Petruseviciute; Isachsen, Pål Erik; Nilsson, Johan & Allen, Susan Elizabeth (2026). Nonlinear dynamics of time-variable slope circulation. Ocean Science. ISSN 1812-0784. 22(5), s. 3055–3078. doi: 10.5194/os-22-3055-2026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bottom topography strongly constrains ocean circulation in the Arctic, and both theory and numerical modeling suggest that nonlinear flow–topography interactions influence slope-following currents. Yet, how such interactions modify the circulation response to time-variable surface forcing remains poorly understood. Using idealized shallow-water simulations of flow over a corrugated slope in a re-entrant channel, we investigate how nonlinear features arise and evolve under oscillatory forcing. We observe both a prograde flow bias (aligned in the direction of topographic Rossby wave propagation) relative to linear estimates, and retrograde flow (opposing wave propagation) exhibiting flow strength saturation once the flow reaches sufficiently strong velocities. To identify the mechanisms responsible for these behaviors, we evaluate integrated momentum budgets. Which terms appear as dynamically relevant, in addition to linear surface and bottom frictional stresses, depends on the choice of integration path: when integrated along isobaths, the nonlinear dynamics appear as a cross-slope relative vorticity flux, whereas integration along straight transects instead highlights momentum flux convergence and topographic form stress. These perspectives can be unified under quasi-geostrophic scaling as describing a flux of potential vorticity (PV). This PV flux is predominantly down-slope and strongest during retrograde phases, resulting in the prograde bias. When retrograde velocities approach the arrest speed of topographic Rossby waves with wavelengths comparable to the corrugation wavelength, the flux increases sharply, halting further acceleration and producing the observed asymmetry. The interplay between forcing timescale and frictional timescale shapes how these nonlinear effects manifest: when the forcing period is comparable to the dampening timescale, the response is strongly low-pass filtered, whereas for much longer forcing periods the flow has time to adjust toward distinct prograde and retrograde states. These results show how flow–topography interactions shape time-variable slope circulation, biasing the flow toward prograde states and limiting retrograde flow strength. Such effects are likely under-represented in coarse-resolution numerical simulations, and highlight the need for improved representations of unresolved topographic interactions.

• Bhatt, Bidisha & Carlson, Andreas (2026). Capillary slinky: Equilibrium and dynamics of a droplet in a soft spring. Physical Review Fluids. 11(4), s. 043607-1–043607-14. doi: 10.1103/P9J4-HP5H. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jaklitsch, David Alexander & Yamashita, Makoto (2026). The braided monoidal structure of tube algebra representations. Theory and Applications of Categories. 45(49), s. 2115–2152. doi: https:/tac.mta.ca/tac/volumes/45/49/45-49abs.html. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We consider the tube algebra of a spherical semisimple multitensor category X, and construct a braided monoidal structure with twist for its representations. We further show that this category is braided tensor equivalent with the Drinfeld center of the ind-category of X, extending the well-known linear equivalence.

• Holen, Gaute Arnesson; Mishra, Rinku; Miyake, Y. & Miloch, Wojciech Jacek (2026). Ion trapping around small positively charged objects in magnetized plasma. Physics of Plasmas. ISSN 1070-664X. 33(5). doi: 10.1063/5.0309574. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We present a novel trapping mechanism for ions around small positively charged objects in magnetized plasma. Here, the Larmor radius is larger than the object, but approximately equal to the characteristic radial length of the object's electrostatic structure. The resulting steady state solution from state-of-the-art particle-in-cell simulations shows a bipolar electric field around the object, with a density enhancement in the quasi-neutral region. Test particle simulations explore the mechanism behind the ion trapping by focusing on single-particle-motion, and transforming the particles to gyro-center, Larmor radius space. We also observe a kinetic energy gradient in the quasi-neutral region, where the ions organize themselves with respect to distance from the object according to their velocity, where the gyro-centers of particles are nearly coincident with the object's position. This leads to a shift in the velocity distribution. Analysis of test particles' temporal evolution in the gyro-center, Larmor radius space reveals regions of instability and stability, which correspondwell with the density enhancement and ion depletion. The results are similar for spherical and cylindrical objects, suggesting that the trapping mechanism is fundamental. These findings have implications for understanding plasma interactions with small objects, with potential applications in space physics, fusion devices, and plasma diagnostics.

• Feldman, Juan Ignacio Domínguez; Pereyra, Luis A.; Hansen, Frode Kristian; Toscano, Facundo & Lambas, Diego Garcia (2026). Cosmic filaments confirm unexplained CMB temperature decrements in two independent redshift ranges. Physical Review D. ISSN 2470-0010. 113(4). doi: 10.1103/s1v4-3cky. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Recent papers have reported an unexplained cooling of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons passing through galaxies in nearby cosmic filaments 𝑧<0.02 at the >5⁢𝜎 level. Here we show for the first time that this effect is also present at higher redshifts 0.02 <𝑧 <0.04. Instead of calculating the CMB temperature around individual galaxies as in previous works, we analyze mean CMB temperature profiles associated to cosmic filaments in three dimensions. We have considered different thresholds in the linear K-band luminosity density of the filaments as a proxy to mass density. Furthermore, we have analyzed the dependence of the results on the average orientation of filaments with respect to the line of sight. These studies were implemented to test the expected dependence on mass density as well as on photon trajectory length within the cosmic filaments. We find a 3 −4⁢𝜎 detection of a CMB temperature decrement trend toward the spine of the filaments, the larger the mass and the more radially oriented the filament, the stronger the CMB temperature decrement. This trend is seen independently in both redshift ranges 0.004 <𝑧 <0.02 and 0.02 <𝑧 <0.04. We therefore conclude that our results provide strong evidence for a lower CMB temperature along massive cosmic filaments in the nearby Universe 𝑧 <0.04.

• Vu, Trong Dai; Le, Minh Hoang & Dinh, van Khuong (2026). Extreme warming increases metabolic demand and diminishes acidification effects on larval survival in the dog conch Strombus canarium. Frontiers in Marine Science. 13, s. 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2026.1914485. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Harris, Caley M.; Spyrou, Artemis; Denissenkov, Pavel; Herwig, Falk; Richard, Andrea L. & Uthayakumaar, Sivahami [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Influence of neutron-capture reactions on the nucleosynthesis of strontium. Communications Physics. 9(1). doi: 10.1038/s42005-026-02713-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The astrophysical intermediate neutron-capture process (i process) has been reinvoked in recent years to describe stellar observations that cannot be explained by the traditional nucleosynthesis processes. Despite its success, significant uncertainties still remain including the exact astrophysical conditions and site, as well as the nuclear physics input. Available i-process models strongly underproduce the abundance of strontium (Sr) compared to observational data, while successfully describing neighboring elements, like yttrium (Y) and zirconium (Zr). This discrepancy has been attributed to nuclear physics uncertainties, specifically to the unconstrained reaction rate of the neutron-capture on the isotope krypton-88. Here we present an experimental investigation of this reaction and show that our result provides a possible solution to the aforementioned Sr underproduction in i-process models.

• Munoz, Sara Orellana; Haberkorn, Chloé; Csoboz, Balint; Stelkens, Rike & Peris, David (2026). Mitochondrial inheritance as an important parameter for the rational design of synthetic yeast polyploids. BioRxiv. ISSN 0362-4331. doi: https:/www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.22.753424v1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Gundersen, Sveinung & Bianchini, Federico (2026). D3.4 (M48) - Report on developments and operations of the FAIRtracks ecosystem (an ELIXIR Norway ELIXIR3 deliverable). doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.23341212. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ali, Ahmed Farag; Inan, Nader; Laukkonen, Ruben & Mikheenko, Pavlo (2026). Could meditation reveal an SU(3) symmetry shared by the observer and the universe? doi: https:/phys.org/news/2026-10-meditation-reveal-su3-symmetry-universe.html#google_vignette. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Alix, Corentin; Boulestreau, Romain; Ribot, Emeline; Couffinhal, Thierry; Karabiyik, Yücel & Salles, Sebastien Andre Roger (2026). In Vivo Detection of Guided Waves in the Carotid Wall Using a skin-Mounted Piezoelectric Patch and Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Shetty, Shobitha; Stebel, Kerstin; Hamer, Paul David; Hassani, Amirhossein; Salamalikis, Vasileios & Chen, Jiayao [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Machine-learning data fusion of model, satellite and low-cost sensor observations for 1-km PM2.5 mapping across Europe. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lilje, Per Barth (2026). Skjulte spor i stjernestrømmer. Astronomi. ISSN 0802-7587. 2026(3), s. 12–17. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kavliprisen i astrofysikk for 2026 hedrer forskerne som har kartlagt hvordan galaksen vår vokser

• Lilje, Per Barth (2026). Kavliprisen i astrofysikk 2026: Skjulte spor i stjernestrømmer. Fra Fysikkens Verden. ISSN 0015-9247. 88(3), s. 88–91. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kavliprisen deles ut i Oslo annen hvert år innen fagfeltene astrofysikk, nanovitenskap og nevrovitenskap for å hedre "de største, de minste og de mest komplekse størrelsesskalaene". Her omtales Kavliprisen i astrofysikk for 2026, som hedrer forskerne som har kartlagt hvordan galaksen vår vokser.

• Kürschner, Wolfram Michael; An, Pengcheng; Dons, Carl Erik & Nakrem, Hans Arne (2026). A new record of the conifer Quadrocladus from the Lower Permian Gipshuken Formationon Spitsbergen - implications for palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology. doi: https:/indico.uni-muenster.de/event/4105/book-of-abstracts.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We report the first systematic description of Permian plant macrofossils from the Lower Permian Gipshuken Formation on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Arctic Norway. Several conifer shoots from a fossil plant horizon in the lower Vengeberget member are assigned to the genus Quadrocladus. The plant-bearing interval occurs within stacked anhydrite–dolomite–marl successions of the Vengeberget member that record a shallow marine to supratidal sabkha system on an extensive carbonate platform in a semi arid climate, characterized by hypersalinity, low taxonomic diversity, and evidence for palaeosol formation and vegetation growth on exposed shoals and platform interiors. The Quadrocladus shoots display pronounced xeromorphic traits, notably very short and narrow leaves, consistent with adaptation to water stress in semi arid, periodically desiccated playa–sabkha settings. Comparison with younger occurrences from the Kungurian Tregiovo flora and Late Permian Angaran and Zechstein successions shows that the Spitsbergen record is so far, both the oldest and the northernmost known occurrence of Quadrocladus. These findings imply a boreal, semi arid origin for this xeromorphic, stress tolerant conifer and provide a key high latitude data point for reconstructing Early Permian vegetation dynamics and the subsequent palaeobiogeographic expansion of Quadrocladus across Pangaea.

• Tjoflot, Gunn Kristin (2026). Feltarbeid i Patagonia: Masteroppgaven i geologi tok Ole-Jacob til Sør-Amerika - Institutt for geofag. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seljom, Pernille (2026). Norwegian Energy system Modelling Workshop 2026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eskeland, Gunnar; Glad, Ingrid Kristine & Frigessi, Arnoldo (2026). Europa må regulere KI | DN. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Høvdingene innen kunstig intelligens (KI) babler om trusler mot menneskeheten og ber om regulering, og da kreves skepsis i responsen (jf. Mogstad og Hardings kronikk i DN 2. oktober: «Hvorfor innovere når man kan regulere?»).Det de ber om, skal de ikke få.Ikke i Europa.

• Mylius-Kroken, Johan; Wally, Youssef; Mota, David & Wickstrøm, Kristoffer (2026). Hyperbolic Representation Learning for Astrophysical Photometric Survey Data. doi: https:/openreview.net/forum?id=hGV1cIU2N1&referrer=%5BAuthor%20Console%5D%28%2Fgroup%3Fid%3Dthecvf.com%2FECCV%2F2026%2FWorkshop%2FBEW%2FAuthors%23your-submissions%29. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We compare unsupervised representation learning on the miniJPAS narrow-band photometric survey using three architecturally identical autoencoders whose latent spaces differ only in geometry: Euclidean $\mathbb{R}^{32}$ and two variants on the Lorentz hyperboloid $\mathbb{H}^{32}$. The hyperbolic choice is motivated by Gromov $\delta$-hyperbolicity analysis, which confirms that the miniJPAS feature space has intrinsically tree-like geometry. Training on a reconstruction objective without label supervision, the Lorentzian models produce qualitatively different embeddings: stars concentrate in compact regions near the Poincar\'{e} disc boundary, and an emergent photometric redshift gradient is visible across all three latent spaces, though the embedding does not yet exhibit the radial, tree-like organisation that hyperbolic geometry in principle affords. Classification accuracy is comparable across all three models ($\approx$78\%), confirming that these structural differences emerge at no discriminative cost. These results motivate a more systematic investigation of geometry-aware training objectives for astrophysical survey data.

• Krichevskiy, Daniil; Kolesova, Helena; Melkild, Halvor; Bringmann, Torsten & Pomper, Joachim (2026). Beyond 3→2: Towards Realistic SIMP Dark Matter. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Strongly interacting dark sectors with pseudo–Nambu–Goldstone bosons provide a versatile framework for sub-GeV dark matter. While the original SIMP paradigm emphasises number-changing 3 to 2 processes as the origin of the relic abundance, the phenomenology of pionic dark matter is considerably richer. Depending on the spectrum and couplings, the relic density can instead be controlled by 2 to 2 annihilations (WIMP-like regime), semi-annihilation channels involving vector mesons and further processes like \pi\pi\pi to \pi\rho. A consistent treatment therefore requires a framework that simultaneously captures pion dynamics, vector mesons, anomalous interactions, and portal effects. We consider QCD-like dark sectors in which the dark matter candidates are pions stabilized by unbroken dark flavor symmetries. The effective theory is formulated using the Hidden Local Symmetry (HLS) approach. The HLS Lagrangian, supplemented by the gauged Wess–Zumino–Witten term, is constructed in a representation-independent manner and is applicable to complex, real, and pseudo-real fermion theories. As a minimal benchmark, we focus on the pseudo-real symmetry-breaking pattern SU(2N_f)/Sp(2N_f) with Nf=2. We incorporate lattice results for Sp(N_c=4) to obtain realistic relations between m_\pi/f_\pi and m_\rho/m_\pi. A dark photon portal is included to maintain thermal equilibrium with the visible sector and to assess its impact on relic abundance and dark matter stability within the HLS framework.

• Øgland, Petter (2026). Foreword (Space 1999 and Liberation Theology). I Balor, John K. (Red.), Space 1999 and Liberation Theology. Lulu Press. ISSN 9781291498608. s. ix–ix. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Alphans are an exiled people, cast into the wilderness of space, where survival becomes a struggle not only against the hostile universe around them but also against questions of power, authority, community and hope. This book is an account of a discussion at the Online Alpha forum, in which fans and commentators explore Moonbase Alpha through the lens of liberation theology, drawing on the work of Paulo Freire, Gustavo Gutiérrez and James Cone. Together, they ask what it means to resist domination, to build solidarity in conditions of exile, and to hold on to hope when the future is uncertain. At the intersection of science fiction, theology and critical theory, the discussion explores Space: 1999 as a parable of oppression and liberation — and asks what the Alphans' struggle might teach us about the possibility of freedom and a new way of living together.

• Auren, Trym Shalchian-Tabrizi & Auren, Trym Shalchian-Tabrizi (2026). Data acquisition software for Klipper/Moonraker 3D printers. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kjøll, Hans Jørgen & Kaste, Anders Moen (2026). Derfor er steinen i kong Haralds sarkofag så spesiell. [Internet]. forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kommer den til å holde på fargen over tid?

• Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2026). Om Oslofeltet og grunnen under føttene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2026). Øygarden. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2026). Abels tårn - Hvor vakker er naturen? [Radio]. NRK P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2026). Åpent atelier. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2026). Lagring av CO2 i undergrunnen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2026). Lagring av CO2 i undergrunnen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Orten, Pål (2026). Norsk Maritim AI-senter - MAI, forskning og utvalgte industrianvendelser. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reis, Paula Kozlowski Pitombeira; Moura, Marcel; Pierce, Kevin; Måløy, Knut Jørgen & Linga, Gaute (2026). Secondary imbibition in 2D porous media: The role of flow direction in trapping. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reis, Paula Kozlowski Pitombeira; Flekkøy, Eirik Grude; Toussaint, Renaud & Måløy, Knut Jørgen (2026). Linear Response Theory of Front-Back Contraction During a Single Haines Jump. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reis, Paula Kozlowski Pitombeira & Måløy, Knut Jørgen (2026). A Theoretical Model for Stable Drainage Fronts in 3D Porous Media. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mikheenko, Pavlo (2026). A quantum description of nervous system. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aas, Endre Ugelstad; Rettberg, Jill Walker & Sætra, Henrik Skaug (2026). Eksperter advarer: Vi kan ikke stole fullt ut på Pangram. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Pangram har avslørt prisvinnende forfattere og kjente journalister. Men er KI-detektoren presis nok?

• Andersen, Gard Lilledal (2026). Steinriket Oslo. Bygningssteinvandring for Norske landskapsarkitekters forening. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seljom, Pernille; Chang, Miguel & Backe, Stian (2026). Kartene vi bruker til å planlegge energifremtiden vår, har blindsoner. Vi spurte dem som lager kartene hvor de er. – SINTEF-blogg. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Larsen, Nadia S. (2026). Kvanteberegning - et blikk i et nytt univers. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skjølsvold, Tomas Moe; Solbu, Gisle; Seljom, Pernille & Bjørndal, Mette (2026). Ulike veier mot et felles mål. En analyse av hvordan norske interesse-, klima-, og naturvernorganisasjoners prioriteringer kan forme det norske energisystemet fram til 2050. doi: https:/www.arendalsuka.no/program/natur-industri-eller-kraft-hva-ofrer-vi-forst. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seljom, Pernille; Solbu, Gisle; Dynge, Marthe Fogstad; Espegren, Kari Aamodt & Skjølsvold, Tomas Moe (2026). Ulike veier mot et felles mål. En analyse av hvordan norske interesse-, klima-, og naturvernorganisasjoners prioriteringer kan forme det norske energisystemet fram til 2050. doi: https:/www.ntnu.no/documents/1284688443/0/Rapport_NGO-analyse.pdf/d94ca4d5-af14-2fc7-5b05-c18e55d32776. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Minde, Adrian Woldseth; Seljom, Pernille & Solbu, Gisle (2026). Slik kan energisystemet bli hvis fem organisasjoner får mye større gjennomslag. [Internet]. Forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  De fem er enige om målet: Norge skal kutte utslipp og produsere mer fornybar strøm. Men veien dit ser svært forskjellig ut, viser en ny studie.

• Seljom, Pernille (2026). Forskere har testet fem ulike energi­fremtider for Norge. [Internet]. Energi og Klima. doi: https:/www.energiogklima.no/nyhet/forskere-har-testet-fem-ulike-energifremtider-for-norge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Forskere ved NTNU har brukt fem organisasjoners egne prioriteringer til å modellere fem ulike energifremtider for Norge i 2050. Resultatene viser store sprik i strømforbruk og kraftutbygging.

• Seljom, Pernille & Solbu, Gisle (2026). Samiske rettigheter kunne gitt mindre vindkraft. [Journal]. Ságat - Samisk avis AS. doi: https:/www.sagat.no/nyheter/samiske-rettigheter-kunne-gitt-mindre-vindkraft/19.58945. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seljom, Pernille (2026). Den energipolitiske spagaten: Elektrifisering, kraftbalanse og systemperspektiv. doi: https:/www.fni.no/no/arrangementer/nansens-klima-og-energiseminar-2026-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seljom, Pernille (2026). Rollen til energiforskning i en polarisert energidebatt. doi: https:/ife.no/event/tro-hap-kilowatt-tillit-til-energiforskningen-2/. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tran, Thi Thuy Chau; Erdem, Cagri; Yazidi, Anis; Kjølerbakken, Kai Morgan & Griwodz, Carsten (2026). Research Proposal: Non-intrusive Stress Recognition using Multimodality Deep Learning. doi: 10.1145/3793853.3798410. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Singh, Durgesh Kumar; Thomas, Sarina; Cao, Qing; Kampffmeyer, Michael; Jenssen, Robert & Solberg, Anne H Schistad (2026). Semi-Supervised nnU-Net with Weak–Strong Consistency and Boundary Refinement for Mitral Valve Segmentation. doi: https:/papers.miccai.org/miccai-2026-sat/paper/MVAA_089.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Analysis of the mitral valve begins with delineating the valve in the image, a step that is usually performed manually and is therefore slow and observer-dependent. The MICCAI 2026 Mitral Valve Anatomy Analysis (MVAA) challenge defines three segmentation tasks based on cardiac computed tomography (CT), three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE), and intraoperative surgical video. The unpaired images differ in dimensionality, appearance, and label formulation. Therefore, a separate model is trained for each task within a common self-configuring nnU-Net framework. Labeled images are supervised with soft Dice loss and cross-entropy. Since mitral valve structures are thin, these region losses are complemented by a scheduled boundary loss averaged over the available foreground classes. Expert labels are scarce for cardiac CT and surgical video, while many unlabeled images are available. These unlabeled images are used through FixMatch-style weak–strong consistency learning, where a weak view without intensity augmentation generates confidence-filtered pseudo-labels for intensity-augmented strong views. On the private test set held by the challenge organizers, the proposed approach achieves Dice similarity coefficients of 0.83 for cardiac CT, 0.81 for 3D TEE, and 0.55 for surgical video. Hausdorff distance and average surface distance are reported as boundary measures. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/Durgesh93/MVAA.git.

• Rukan, Isak Cecil Onsager; Gulla, Jan & Skaar, Johannes (2026). Truncating a photon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Munoz, Sara Orellana; Haberkorn, Chloé; Csoboz, Balint; Stelkens, Rike & Peris, David (2026). Mitochondrial–nuclear interactions shape hybrid physiology in Saccharomyces. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sorribes-Daudén, Raquel; Vanacloig-Pedrós, Elena; Aguilar-Díaz, Alejandro; Martínez-Pastor, María Teresa; Peris, David & Puig, Sergi (2026). Unravelling adaptive mechanisms of copper tolerance in yeasts of enological interest. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Araque, Luis; Schweizer, Gabriel; Morard, Miguel; Aguilar-Díaz, Alejandro; Pérez-Adrián, Ana María & Bonet-Aparici, María [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Defining species boundaries in eukaryotic microorganisms: a persistent puzzle. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schweizer, Gabriel; Morard, Miguel; Araque, Luis; Aguilar-Díaz, Alejandro; Pérez-Adrián, Ana María & García-Ríos, Estéfani [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Can we define microbial species? Insights from the Saccharomyces genus. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hyvärinen, Olli Petteri; Eiler, Alexander; Werner, Even; Gagnon, Karine; Thormar, Jonas & Mørch, Mikkel Martinussen (2026). Biodiversity patterns and blue carbon characteristics of Zostera marina meadows in the Oslofjord. Linking sediment carbon stocks, stable isotopes, and eDNA-derived faunal communities across citizen-science and field-sampled eelgrass meadows. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Seagrass meadows are coastal foundation habitats that support biodiversity and store organic carbon in sediments, a process often referred to as blue carbon storage. However, both biodiversity and sediment carbon storage can vary strongly among meadows, and it remains unclear how local meadow structure, hydrodynamic exposure, organic-matter sources, and associated fauna interact in temperate eelgrass systems. This thesis investigated biodiversity and blue carbon characteristics of \emph{Zostera marina} meadows in the Oslofjord, Norway. The study combined two complementary approaches: citizen-science-based environmental DNA (eDNA) water sampling across eelgrass meadows and seasons, and researcher-led field sampling at three meadows along an inner-outer Oslofjord gradient. The field-sampled meadows represented contrasting coastal settings: an inner-fjord meadow at Fornebu, a sheltered meadow near Sætre/Sandspollen, and a more wave-exposed outer-fjord meadow at Holmestrand. The water eDNA dataset provided broad spatial and seasonal coverage, but ecological interpretation was limited by uneven sampling and read-depth loss after filtering. After taxonomic partitioning of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) metabarcoding dataset, only 20.5\% of reads were retained as faunal reads, while 79.5\% were classified as non-faunal reads. The retained faunal water eDNA dataset did not show clear winter-spring or Oslofjord-section structure. Instead, it contained a mixed coastal signal, including pelagic planktonic taxa and benthic or soft-sediment-associated taxa. In contrast, the non-faunal fraction showed clearer winter-spring structuring, largely associated with microalgal and protist groups. This indicates that broad COI water eDNA can capture useful biodiversity signals, but also that faunal and non-faunal datasets should be separated before ecological interpretation. The strongest ecological patterns were found in the field-measured meadows. The sheltered Sætre/Sandspollen meadow had continuous eelgrass cover, low sediment bulk density, high and consistent organic carbon stocks, and the highest apparent seagrass-like carbon contribution. The more wave-exposed Holmestrand meadow was patchier and had higher bulk density, lower organic carbon stocks, and the lowest apparent seagrass-like carbon contribution. The inner-fjord Fornebu meadow had intermediate sediment carbon stock, bulk density, and apparent seagrass-like carbon contribution, but showed greater within-meadow variability. Stable isotope composition supported these meadow-level differences and indicated variation in both carbon-source characteristics and assimilated nitrogen among meadows. Benthic eDNA showed clear separation between seagrass-blade epifaunal communities and sediment-core infaunal communities. Infaunal communities were most strongly associated with sedimentary gradients and were dominated by sediment-associated annelids, including lugworms and other taxa linked to deposit feeding, burrowing, sediment reworking, and bioirrigation. In contrast, the epifaunal signal was dominated more strongly by sessile or surface-associated taxa, including barnacles, bryozoans, and hydrozoans, rather than by mobile mesograzers. Overall, this thesis shows that eelgrass meadows in the Oslofjord can differ substantially in meadow structure, sediment carbon characteristics, stable isotope composition, and associated benthic fauna. The results support a descriptive interpretation in which blue-carbon characteristics and benthic biodiversity vary together at local meadow scale, particularly through the association between sediment conditions and infaunal community structure. Broader inference about Oslofjord-wide seasonal biodiversity patterns will require more balanced repeated sampling but the study demonstrates the value of combining citizen-science water eDNA with targeted field measurements when assessing biodiversity and blue carbon in eelgrass meadows.

• Dahal-Koirala, Professor Pål Falnes, Dr. Shiva & Naseri, Nafasgol (2026). Main title: Investigation of on-target Chromosomal deletions and loss during HDR-enhanced CRISPR-Cas9 correction of a CARMIL2 point mutation in patient-derived T cells Subtitle: On-target genomic integrity after CARMIL2 gene correction. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  --- Abstract will be published: 2028-08-01

• Lunde, Jenny; Sandaker, Heidi & Pernegger, Heinz (2026). ATLAS Inner Tracker and Monolithic Sensors for future applications. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Future collider experiments will require trackers that can handle high luminosity environments. The requirements for future trackers include high spatial and temporal resolution, low material budget, radiation hardness and low power consumption. The High-Luminosity LHC is expected to start during the summer of 2030, and is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity up to 4000 fb−1 over 10 years of operation. In preparation for the increased luminosity, ATLAS will replace its current tracker, the Inner Detector, with a new all-silicon tracker called the Inner Tracker (ITk). The work presented in this thesis addresses the development of detectors for high luminosity environments, including testing and production of modules for the ITk, as well as developments for a monolithic sensor with internal amplification. During the time of operation, the ITk detector can undergo large temperature variations, in case of power or cooling failures. The bump bond connections of hybrid pixel detectors need to be able to withstand the thermal stress due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the detector materials. To ensure the robustness of the bump bonds, a thermal cycling campaign was conducted, with an overestimation of the temperature variations and number of cycles expected for the lifetime of the ITk detector. After 100 thermal cycles, none of the modules showed a significant increase in disconnected bump bonds. The study led to the qualification of the hybridization vendors, which was needed to start full scale production of planar detector modules for ITk. To cope with high pile-up in high-luminosity environments, timing information is becoming increasingly important. The CMOS Active SenSor with Internal Amplification (CASSIA) project aims to develop a monolithic sensor with gain, to be used for time tagging or 4D tracking, where temporal resolution within a bunch crossing is added to the 3 spatial tracking dimensions. The monolithic implementation may allow for a low material budget and low power consumption, while the internal amplification gives improved timing resolution, with an aim of reaching below 100 ps timing resolution. Initial measurements and simulations of CASSIA will be presented, with a focus on gain characteristics, breakdown mechanisms and dark count rate. Different sensor design parameters, including variations in electrode and gain layer implantation, are studied to see how they affect the sensor performance. The work presents developments of pixel detectors for high luminosity collider experiments, from conceptualization and prototyping, to testing, verification and production of detector modules.

• Wells, Justin William & Ze, Adrian Lee Kai (2026). XPS Investigation of RDX: Comparison of Deposition Methods and Interpretation of Changes During Measurement. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Billah, Vladimir Gusarov, Maxwell Kelvin & Billah, Hilda Ansomaa Jakin Osei-Mireku, Vladimir Gusarov, Maxwell Kelvin (2026). Rove Beetle Diversity in Ghana. Population Comparison of Selected Species and Phylogeny of the Subtribe Medonina (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae). Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  --- Abstract and files will be published: 2029-06-29

• Utvik, Vetle Alvenes; Nielsen, Petter & Sæbø, Johan Ivar (2026). Digital Platform Ecosystems as Innovation Commons. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How can digital platform ecosystems be governed to facilitate cooperative digital innovation for public value? Digital platforms are often understood as technologies for business in how they can be used to orchestrate markets for production of apps. However, not all digital platforms are business oriented. Some digital platforms aim for public value creation through digital innovation. However, we currently have a limited understanding of their nature and how they are governed. This doctoral dissertation outlines an understanding of digital platform ecosystems as innovation commons. Specifically, I develop the concept of platform-based innovation commons and explain how digital innovation unfolds through iterations of use, contribution, and reuse of shared resources. I further explain how platform governance can sustain collective action by widening participation, enabling diverse forms of contributions, and aligning actors around common good goals. By reframing digital platform ecosystems beyond market-centric assumptions, I contribute with a novel theoretical perspective on how digital platforms can organize distributed and cooperative digital innovation for societal benefit across organizational and national contexts.

• Ornig, Sascha; Carlsson, Mats & Voort, Luc Rouppe van der (2026). Characterization of White-Light Enhancements in Solar Flares: A Combined Observational and Modeling Approach. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Solar flares are among the most energetic events in the solar system. These sudden brightenings of localized regions in the solar atmosphere drive particle acceleration and heat the ambient plasma to several millions of degrees. The enormous amounts of radiation released in these events, combined with associated phenomena such as coronal mass ejections, have a major influence on space weather around our planet Earth, and it is therefore of vital importance for us to understand the mechanisms behind them. The continuum contains a large portion of the energy released in solar flares, yet its formation mechanisms pose a challenge to the standard flare model. The optical part of the continuum, termed white light (WL), allows us to utilize ground-based observatories for our investigations. With complementary output from numerical simulations, we can gain insights into the dominant processes. However, to date several problems remain. This work investigates solar WL flares (WLFs) using a symbiosis of simulations and observations. It is comprised of three papers, each aimed at answering one of our outstanding questions. Paper I makes use of an ensemble of electron beam-driven solar flare simulations — the F-CHROMA grid — created with the radiation hydrodynamics code RADYN. We investigate how WL enhancements appear in these simulations, what the underlying mechanisms are, and whether we can identify a useful proxy for deducing the dominant mechanism from observations. Our results show intensity enhancements caused primarily by enhanced hydrogen recombination radiation in the optically thin chromosphere, with minor contributions from the radiatively backheated photosphere. The simulated WL enhancements are at least one order of magnitude below observed values. We identify the Paschen jump and its associated intensity ratio as an appropriate proxy for increased optically thin hydrogen recombination radiation. For Paper II, we utilize observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) to probe the Paschen jump via continuum measurements redward and blueward of the jump. We find WL enhancements in the dark (pen)umbral regions in sunspots, without any flare-related quiet-Sun intensity increases. The WL increases in one of the flares are co-temporal and (partially) co-spatial with hard X-ray increases, suggesting a common electron-beam cause. Our results indicate that the filter used for observations redward of the jump is unsuitable for measurements of the true continuum intensity due to influences from the nearby spectral line. In Paper III, we attempt to close the gap in amplitude between WL enhancements in simulations and observations by using a background atmosphere modeled after the umbra of a sunspot. Our results show WL increases comparable to observations, and we identify the reduced background intensity as the main reason for this outcome. The mechanisms are identical to those identified in the simulations with a quiet-Sun starting atmosphere used for Paper I. We further find that the electron beam flux is strongly correlated with the resulting WL increases. We conclude that one-dimensional simulations of solar flares can satisfactorily model WLFs of type I. Observationally, we lack adequate measurements of the true continuum longward of the Paschen jump in order to utilize it for the deduction of the formation mechanisms behind WLFs

• Chandler, David; Chandnani, Krisha; Goswami, Aditi; Marinelli, Ryan Anthony; Ness, Preben Monteiro & O’Donovan, Brian [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Data Study Group Final Report: CEFAS - Automated identification of sea pens using OpenCV and machine learning. The Alan Turing Institute. doi: https:/zenodo.org/records/20447259. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holen, Gaute Arnesson; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Mishra, Rinku (2026). Plasma-object interaction in plasma environments: Numerical studies of spacecraft charging, probe accuracy and complex plasma. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The majority of space is made up of a sea of plasma, with island of solid matter such as planets, moons, dust, spacecraft or even astronauts. Immersing any solid object in plasma results in electric charging of the object, as well as significant disturbances to the surrounding plasma. Understanding the plasma-object interaction is crucial for many situations, including reliable operation of scientific instrumentation on sounding rockets and satellites. This thesis has developed a complementary set of numerical codes to simulate and study the plasma-object interaction. These codes were used to simulate sounding rockets, probes and daughter-payloads in the ionosphere, as well as the lunar surface and ensembles of dust particles, allowing us to study the plasma-object interaction from different perspectives. We uncover a new trapping mechanism for ions in magnetized plasma interacting with an object using a new analytical approach and validate the daughter-payload instrumentation on the ICI-5b sounding rocket mission. Simulations of dusty plasmas show that its spatial and temporal evolution and resulting dust structure is sensitive to small charge changes. Our studies provide new insights to the complex dynamics of objects in plasma, both for specific applications and for the fundamental understanding of objects in plasma.

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