Eduard Monakhov

• Azarov, Alexander; Galeckas, Augustinas; Wendler, Elke; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2024). Inverse dynamic defect annealing in ZnO. Applied Physics Letters. ISSN 0003-6951. 124(4). doi: 10.1063/5.0184669.
• Saxegaard, Kjetil Karlsen; Monakhov, Eduard; Vines, Lasse & Bergum, Kristin (2023). Characteristics of ZnON films and heterojunction diodes with varying O:N ratios. Thin Solid Films. ISSN 0040-6090. 782. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2023.139968. Full text in Research Archive
• Hammann, Benjamin; Aßmann, Nicole; Schön, Jonas; Kwapil, Wolfram; Schindler, Florian & Roder, Sebastian [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Understanding the impact of the cooling ramp of the fast-firing process on light- and elevated-temperature-induced degradation. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. ISSN 0927-0248. 259, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112462.
• Søndenå, Rune; Weiser, Philip Michael; Mosel, Frank; Aßmann, Nicole; Hansen, Per-Anders Stensby & Monakhov, Eduard (2023). Controlling the hydrogen concentration in boron- and gallium-doped silicon wafers. AIP Conference Proceedings. ISSN 0094-243X. 2826(1), p. 110008-1–110008-6. doi: 10.1063/5.0141155. Full text in Research Archive
• Getz, Michael Norderhaug; Povoli, Marco; Koybasi, Ozhan; Slavicek, Tomas & Monakhov, Eduard (2023). Gamma-radiation hardness and long-term stability of ALD-Al2O3 surface passivated Si. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 133(15). doi: 10.1063/5.0143013. Full text in Research Archive
• Hammann, Benjamin; Assmann, Nicole; Weiser, Philip Michael; Kwapil, Wolfram; Niewelt, Tim & Schindler, Florian [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). The Impact of Different Hydrogen Configurations on Light- and Elevated-Temperature- Induced Degradation. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. ISSN 2156-3381. 13(2), p. 224–235. doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2023.3236185. Full text in Research Archive
• Povoli, Marco; Kok, Angela Chun Ying; Koybasi, Ozhan; Getz, Michael Norderhaug; O'Neill, George & Röhrich, Dieter [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). 3D silicon detectors for neutron imaging applications. Journal of Instrumentation (JINST). ISSN 1748-0221. 18, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/C01056. Full text in Research Archive
• Hammann, Benjamin; Aßmann, Nicole; Weiser, Philip Michael; Kwapil, Wolfram; Niewelt, Tim & Schindler, Florian [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Hydrogen complexes present after different firing profiles and their influence on LeTID degradation. Conference record of the Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. ISSN 0160-8371. doi: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938782.
• Thøgersen, Annett; Jensen, Ingvild Julie Thue; Belle, Branson Delano; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Reinertsen, Vilde Mari & Kjeldstad, Torunn [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Plasmonic properties of aluminium nanowires in amorphous silicon. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. ISSN 0953-8984. 35(6), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/aca30e. Full text in Research Archive
• Søndenå, Rune; Weiser, Philip Michael & Monakhov, Eduard (2022). Direct and indirect determination of hydrogen-boron complexes in float-zone silicon wafers. In Brendel, Rolf; Ballif, Christophe; Dubois, Sebastien; Glunz, Stefan; Hahn, Giso; Poortmans, Jeff; Verlinden, Pierre & Weeber, Arthur (Ed.), SiliconPV 2021, The 11th International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics. AIP Publishing (American Institute of Physics). ISSN 978-0-7354-4362-4. doi: 10.1063/5.0089274.
• Getz, Michael Norderhaug; Povoli, Marco & Monakhov, Eduard (2022). Improving ALD-Al2O3 Surface Passivation of Si Utilizing Pre-Existing SiOx. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. ISSN 2156-3381. 12(4), p. 929–936. doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2022.3169985. Full text in Research Archive
• Azarov, Alexander; Bazioti, Kalliopi; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Ponniah, Vajeeston; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2022). Disorder-Induced Ordering in Gallium Oxide Polymorphs. Physical Review Letters. ISSN 0031-9007. 128(1). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.015704. Full text in Research Archive
• Fatima, K.; Song, Xin; Maryam, A.; Rasheed, M.N.; Iqbal, F. & Monakhov, Eduard [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Influence of environment on thermoelectric properties of n-type silicon-germanium alloy. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. ISSN 1842-3582. 16(3), p. 907–913.
• Bonkerud, Julie; Zimmermann, Christian; Weiser, Philip Michael; Vines, Lasse & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). On the permittivity of titanium dioxide. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92021-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Assmann, Nicole; Persson, Clas; Kuznetsov, Andrej & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Fine structure in electronic transitions attributed to nitrogen donor in silicon carbide. Applied Physics Letters. ISSN 0003-6951. 119(26). doi: 10.1063/5.0074046. Full text in Research Archive
• Nyborg, Martin; Karlsen, Kjetil; Bergum, Kristin & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Dominant acceptors in Li doped, magnetron deposited Cu2O films. Materials Research Express. ISSN 2053-1591. 8(12), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/ac3e24. Full text in Research Archive
• Fatima, Kaneez; Noor, Hadia; Ali, Adnan; Monakhov, Eduard & Asghar, Muhammad (2021). Annealing effect on seebeck coefficient of sige thin films deposited on quartz substrate. Coatings. ISSN 2079-6412. 11(12). doi: 10.3390/coatings11121435.
• Nyborg, Martin; Kolevatov, Ilia; Vasquez, Geraldo Cristian; Bergum, K. & Monakhov, E. (2021). Dominant defects and carrier transport in single crystalline cuprous oxide: A new attribution of optical transitions. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 130(17). doi: 10.1063/5.0059406. Full text in Research Archive
• Azarov, Alexander; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Vines, Lasse; Monakhov, Eduard; Lee, In-Hwan & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2021). Activation energy of silicon diffusion in gallium oxide: Roles of the mediating defects charge states and phase modification. Applied Physics Letters. ISSN 0003-6951. 119(18). doi: 10.1063/5.0070045. Full text in Research Archive
• Nyborg, Martin; Azarov, Alexander; Bergum, Kristin & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Deposition and characterization of lithium doped direct current magnetron sputtered Cu2O films. Thin Solid Films. ISSN 0040-6090. 722(31), p. 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2021.138573. Full text in Research Archive
• Azarov, Alexander; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2021). Dominating migration barrier for intrinsic defects in gallium oxide: Dose-rate effect measurements. Applied Physics Letters. ISSN 0003-6951. 118(23). doi: 10.1063/5.0051047. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhu, Mengyi; Wu, Guixuan; Azarov, Alexander; Monakhov, Eduard; Tang, Kai & Müller, Michael [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Effects of La2O3 Addition into CaO-SiO2 Slag: Structural Evolution and Impurity Separation from Si-Sn Alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. ISSN 1073-5615. 52B(5), p. 3045–3063. doi: 10.1007/s11663-021-02232-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Boron (B) and phosphorus (P) are the most problematic impurities to be removed in the production of solar-grade silicon by the metallurgical process. In this work, the distribution of B and P between CaO-(La2O3)-SiO2 slags and Si-10 mass pct Sn melt was experimentally studied. B distribution coefficient increased from 2.93 in binary CaO-SiO2 slag to 3.33 and 3.65 with 2 and 10 mass pct La2O3 additions, respectively. In the followed acid-leaching experiments, the slag-treated Si-Sn alloys exhibited higher B and P removal than that of the initial alloy without slag treatment. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the effect of La2O3 addition on the slag structural and transport properties. A novel oxygen classification method was proposed to distinguish the different structural roles of La and Ca in the CaO-La2O3-SiO2 system. It was found that La3+ prefers to stay in the depolymerized region, mostly connects with 6-7 non-bridging oxygen, and requires a weak charge compensation with Ca2+. Possible silicothermic reduction was evaluated to discuss the slag chemistry and the mass transfer between slag and metal phase. A thermodynamic model was derived to theoretically study the alloying effect on impurity distribution in slag refining where positive interaction coefficient and high alloying concentration were found most beneficial to improve the impurity removal.

• Getz, Michael; Povoli, Marco & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Effect of the native oxide on the Surface Passivation of Si by Al2O3. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 129(20). doi: 10.1063/5.0051215. Full text in Research Archive
• Ayedh, Hussein Mohammed Hussein; Monakhov, Eduard & Coutinho, J (2020). Formation and dissociation reactions of complexes involving interstitial carbon and oxygen defects in silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS. ISSN 2475-9953. 4(6). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.064601.
• Gao, Xuejiao; Kolevatov, Ilia; Chen, Kaixiang; Guan, Bin; Mesli, Abdelmadjid & Monakhov, Eduard [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Full Activation of Boron in Silicon Doped by Self-Assembled Molecular Monolayers. ACS Applied Electronic Materials. ISSN 2637-6113. 2(1), p. 268–274. doi: 10.1021/acsaelm.9b00748. Full text in Research Archive
• Kumar, Raj; Bergum, Kristin; Riise, Heine Nygard; Monakhov, Eduard; Galeckas, Augustinas & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2020). Impact of post annealing and hydrogen implantation on functional properties of Cu2O thin films for photovoltaic applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. ISSN 0925-8388. 825(5), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153982. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldstad, Torunn; Thøgersen, Annett; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Jensen, Ingvild Julie Thue; Nilsen, Ola & Galeckas, Augustinas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Selective etching of nanostructured a-Si:Al and its effect on porosity, Al gradient and surface oxidation. Thin Solid Films. ISSN 0040-6090. 702. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2020.137982. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nanoporous amorphous silicon (a-Si) with <5 nm cylindrical pores have been fabricated by phase separation of aluminum (Al) and silicon, forming self-assembled Al nanowires (NWs), followed by subsequent removal of Al by wet etching. This work studies the removal process of the Al NWs when using the different etchants HCl, H3PO4, and H2SO4. Total reflectance measurements are used in combination with theoretical modeling to estimate the lateral gradient of Al concentration formed during the etching process. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is used to show that the choice of Al etching agent has implications for the surface states of the remaining a-Si matrix. We have found that H3PO4 is the most efficient etching agent, while HCl provides a less oxidized a-Si matrix in addition to the least reflective surface. By varying the etching agent, the degree of surface oxidation and shape of Al gradient throughout the film can be tuned.

• Azarov, Alexander; Galeckas, Augustinas; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Mei, Zengxia; Du, Xiaolong & Monakhov, Eduard [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Acceptor complex signatures in oxygen-rich ZnO thin films implanted with chlorine ions. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 128. doi: 10.1063/5.0021089. Full text in Research Archive
• Bonkerud, Julie; Zimmermann, Christian; Herklotz, Frank; Weiser, Philip Michael; Seiffert, Christoph & Verhoeven, Espen Førdestrøm [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Electrically-active defects in reduced and hydrogenated rutile TiO2. Semiconductor Science and Technology. ISSN 0268-1242. 36(1). doi: 10.1088/1361-6641/abc854. Full text in Research Archive
• Weiser, Philip Michael; Zimmermann, Christian; Bonkerud, Julie; Vines, Lasse & Monakhov, Eduard (2020). Donors and polaronic absorption in rutile TiO2 single crystals. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 128(14). doi: 10.1063/5.0027434. Full text in Research Archive
• Fara, Laurentiu; Chilibon, Irinela; Nordseth, Ørnulf; Craciunescu, Dan; Savastru, Dan & Vasiliu, Cristina [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Complex investigation of high efficiency and reliable heterojunction solar cell based on an improved Cu2O absorber layer. Energies. ISSN 1996-1073. 13(18), p. 1–19. doi: 10.3390/en13184667. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhu, Mengyi; Azarov, Alexander; Monakhov, Eduard; Tang, Kai & Safarian, Jafar (2020). Phosphorus separation from metallurgical-grade silicon by magnesium alloying and acid leaching. Separation and Purification Technology. ISSN 1383-5866. 240. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116614. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper, the separation of phosphorus from metallurgical-grade silicon was investigated based on an Mg alloying and HCl leaching approach. Experimental results show that P concentration was reduced from initial 15.1 ppmw to 0.2 ppmw with also large extent removal of metallic impurities by two times Mg alloying-leaching purification. The mechanism of enhanced P separation is clarified owing to the strong affinity between Mg and P, which is validated by SIMS elemental mapping. A two-parameter analytical model was developed to predict the P removal degree based on the variables of alloying metal concentration and interaction coefficient between alloying metal and P. The model is validated with experimental results and the interaction coefficient ε^P_{Mg In Si} was obtained as −10.8. This approach can be applied to model the removal of impurity which follows Gulliver-Scheil solidification from other binary alloying systems. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of applied alloying-leaching operation times, a model was proposed which establishes the mathematical relationships among key processing variables like initial and target P concentrations, the amount of the alloying metal, and the process operation times.

• Gan, Jiantuo; Hoye, Robert L.Z; Levskaya, Yulia; Vines, Lasse; Marin, Andrew T. & MacManus-Driscoll, Judith L. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Elucidating the origin of external quantum efficiency losses in cuprous oxide solar cells through defect analysis. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. ISSN 0927-0248. 209. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110418. Full text in Research Archive
• Bonkerud, Julie; Zimmermann, Christian; Weiser, Philip Michael; Aarholt, Thomas; Verhoeven, Espen Førdestrøm & Vines, Lasse [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Fabrication and characterization of Schottky barrier diodes on rutile TiO2. Materials Research Express. ISSN 2053-1591. 7(6). doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab9777. Full text in Research Archive
• Weiser, Philip Michael; Monakhov, Eduard; Haug, Halvard; Wiig, Marie Syre & Søndenå, Rune (2020). Hydrogen-related defects measured by infrared spectroscopy in multicrystalline silicon wafers throughout an illuminated annealing process. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 127(6). doi: 10.1063/1.5142476. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordseth, Ørnulf; Kumar, Raj; Bergum, Kristin; Chilibon, Irinela; Foss, Sean Erik & Monakhov, Eduard (2019). Nitrogen-Doped Cu2O Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 12(18). doi: 10.3390/ma12183038. Full text in Research Archive
• Kumar, Raj; Nordseth, Ørnulf; Vasquez, Geraldo Cristian; Foss, Sean Erik; Monakhov, Eduard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2019). Investigation of n-Al:ZnO/p-Cu2O heterojunction for c-Si tandem heterojunction solar cell applications. AIP Conference Proceedings. ISSN 0094-243X. 2147(1). doi: 10.1063/1.5123885. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldstad, Torunn; Thøgersen, Annett; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Jensen, Ingvild Julie Thue; Monakhov, Eduard & Galeckas, Augustinas (2019). Surface effects and optical properties of self-assembled nanostructured a-Si:Al. Nanomaterials. ISSN 2079-4991. 9(8), p. 1–12. doi: 10.3390/nano9081106. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present a study of the surface effects and optical properties of the self-assembled nanostructures comprised of vertically aligned 5 nm-diameter Al nanowires embedded in an amorphous Si matrix (a-Si:Al). The controlled (partial) removal of Al nanowires in a selective etching process yielded nanoporous a-Si media with a variable effective surface area. Different spectroscopy techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis spectrophotometry and photoluminescence (PL), have been combined to investigate the impact of such nanostructuring on optical absorption and emission properties. We also examine long-term exposure to air ambient and show that increasing level of surface oxidation determines the oxide defect-related nature of the dominant PL emission from the nanoporous structures. The role of bulk, nanosize and surface effects in optical properties has been separated and quantified, providing a better understanding of the potential of such nanoporous a-Si:Al structures for future device developments

• Ayedh, Hussein Mohammed Hussein; Grigorev, Aleksei; Galeckas, Augustinas; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar & Monakhov, Eduard (2019). Annealing Kinetics of the Interstitial Carbon–Dioxygen Complex in Silicon. Physica Status Solidi (a) applications and materials science. ISSN 1862-6300. 216(14), p. 1–5. doi: 10.1002/pssa.201800986.
• Kolevatov, Ilia; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar & Monakhov, Eduard (2019). Correlated annealing and formation of vacancy-hydrogen related complexes in silicon. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. ISSN 0953-8984. 31(23), p. 1–5. doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/ab0bf2. Full text in Research Archive
• Azarov, Alexander; Aarseth, Bjørn Lupton; Vines, Lasse; Hallen, Anders; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2019). Defect annealing kinetics in ZnO implanted with Zn substituting elements: Zn interstitials and Li redistribution. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 125(7). doi: 10.1063/1.5083226. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldstad, Torunn; Thøgersen, Annett; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Azarov, Alexander; Monakhov, Eduard & Galeckas, Augustinas (2019). Monitoring selective etching of self-assembled nanostructured a-Si:Al films. Nanotechnology. ISSN 0957-4484. 30(13), p. 1–5. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafb86. Full text in Research Archive
• Kolevatov, Ilia; Weiser, Philip Michael; Monakhov, Eduard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2018). Interaction Between Hydrogen and Vacancy Defects in Crystalline Silicon. Physica Status Solidi (a) applications and materials science. ISSN 1862-6300. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1002/pssa.201800670.
• Kolevatov, Ilia; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar & Monakhov, Eduard (2018). Interaction between the divacancy and hydrogen in silicon: Observation of fast and slow kinetics. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 124(8). doi: 10.1063/1.5037310. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordseth, Ørnulf; Kumar, Raj; Bergum, Kristin; Fara, Laurentiu; Dumitru, Constantin & Craciunescu, Dan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Metal oxide thin-film heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 11(12), p. 1–10. doi: 10.3390/ma11122593. Full text in Research Archive
• Zimmermann, Christian; Bonkerud, Julie; Herklotz, Frank; Sky, Thomas Neset; Hupfer, Alexander & Monakhov, Eduard [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Influence of annealing atmosphere on formation of electrically-active defects in rutile TiO2. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 123(16), p. 161572-1–161572-8. doi: 10.1063/1.5011136. Full text in Research Archive
• Azarov, Alexander; Wendler, Elke; Monakhov, Edouard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2018). Defect stabilization and reverse annealing in ZnO implanted with nitrogen at room and cryogenic temperature. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 123(10). doi: 10.1063/1.5022152. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergum, Kristin; Riise, Heine Nygard; Gorantla, Sandeep Madhukar; Lindberg, Per; Jensen, Ingvild Julie Thue & Gunnæs, Anette Eleonora [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Improving carrier transport in Cu2O thin films by rapid thermal annealing. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. ISSN 0953-8984. 30(7). doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/aaa5f4.
• Hupfer, Alexander; Monakhov, Eduard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Chaplygin, I. & Lavrov, E.V. (2017). Hydrogen motion in rutile TiO2 . Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 7(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16660-3.
• Hupfer, Alexander; Vines, Lasse; Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar & Herklotz, Frank (2017). Photoinduced small polarons bound to hydrogen defects in rutile TiO2. Physical review B (PRB). ISSN 2469-9950. 96:085203(8), p. 1–7. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.085203.

View all works in Cristin

• Aßmann, Nicole; Sondenå, Rune; Hammann, Benjamin; Kwapil, Wolfram & Monakhov, Eduard (2023). Reducing Time and Costs of FT-IR Studies of the Ef-fect of SiNx, Dopants, and Emitter on Hydrogen Spe-cies in Si Wafers and Solar Cell Structures.
• Azarov, Alexander; Park, Ji-Hyeon; Jeon, Dae-Woo; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2023). Defect migration energies in Ga2O3 polymorphs measured by variations of temperature and flux under irradiation.
• Kok, Angela Chun Ying; Choolakkal, Arun Haridas; Röhrich, Dieter; Monakhov, Eduard; O'Neill, George & Pedersen, Henrik [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). INDet: Lessons Learnt from Boron-coated 3-D Silicon Detector Production.
• Saxegaard, Kjetil Karlsen; Bergum, Kristin; Vines, Lasse & Monakhov, Eduard (2023). The effect of annealing on opto-electronic properties of ZnON films.
• Monakhov, Eduard; Bergum, Kristin; Vines, Lasse & Saxegaard, Kjetil Karlsen (2023). The UiO semiconductor group: Towards tandems with ZnON.
• Saxegaard, Kjetil Karlsen; Monakhov, Eduard; Vines, Lasse & Bergum, Kristin (2023). The effect of annealing on ZnON intended for solar cell applications.
• O'Neill, George; Povoli, Marco; Kok, Angela Chun Ying; Koybasi, Ozhan; Getz, Michael Norderhaug & Röhrich, Dieter [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Predicting Efficiency of INDet Detectors.
• Povoli, Marco; Kok, Angela Chun Ying; Koybasi, Ozhan; Getz, Michael Norderhaug; Röhrich, Dieter & O'Neill, George [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). 3D silicon detectors for neutron imaging applications.
• O'Neill, George; Povoli, Marco; Kok, Angela Chun Ying; Koybasi, Ozhan; Getz, Michael Norderhaug & Röhrich, Dieter [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Simulations Using NCrystal & Geant4 for Innovative Solid-state Neutron Detectors .
• Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). The effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations on Opto-electronic properties of ZnOxNy films .
• Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). The effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations on ZnON films.
• Karlsen, Kjetil; Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). The effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations on Opto-electronic properties of ZnOxNy films.
• Karlsen, Kjetil; Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). The effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations on Opto-electronic properties of ZnON films.
• Karlsen, Kjetil; Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). The effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations on Opto-electronic properties of ZnON films.
• Karlsen, Kjetil; Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). Electronic properties and dominant levels in ZnON.
• Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). The effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations on Opto-electronic properties of ZnON films.
• Saxegaard, Kjetil Karlsen; Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Vines, Lasse (2022). The effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations on Opto-electronic properties of ZnON films.
• Vines, Lasse; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2022). Defects in semiconductors. Journal of Applied Physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 132(15). doi: 10.1063/5.0127714. Full text in Research Archive
• Azarov, Alexander; Bazioti, Kalliopi; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Vajeeston, Ponniah; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2022). Disorder-induced ordering in Ga2O3 polymorphs.
• Azarov, Alexander; Bazioti, Kalliopi; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Vajeeston, Ponniah; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2022). Ion-beam-induced phase transitions in gallium oxide: impact of the implantation temperature .
• Karlsen, Kjetil; Monakhov, Eduard; Vines, Lasse & Bergum, Kristin (2021). Electronic properties and the dominant levels in ZnON.
• Bergum, Kristin; Vines, Lasse & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Electronic properties and the dominant levels in ZnON.
• Weiser, Philip Michael; Søndenå, Rune; Carcamo, Ruben; Farzad, Alireza & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Characterization of hydrogen-related impurities in silicon and their connection to light induced degradation.
• Weiser, Philip Michael; Søndenå, Rune & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Evolution of hydrogen-related defects in float zone-grown silicon wafers under dark annealing: resistivity change vs. FT-IR.
• Azarov, Alexander; Hoseinpur, Arman; Safarian, Jafar & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Impurity analysis in Al-Si alloys by SIMS: the role of the primary beam.
• Karlsen, Kjetil; Monakhov, Eduard; Bergum, Kristin; Vines, Lasse & Thue Jensen, Ingvild (2021). Electronic properties and dominant levels in ZnON.
• Azarov, Alexander; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2021). Radiation defect dynamics in β-Ga2O3: ion flux vs irradiation temperature.
• Azarov, Alexander; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2021). Dose-rate effect in β-Ga2O3.
• Azarov, Alexander; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan; Monakhov, Eduard & Kuznetsov, Andrej (2021). Dominating migration barrier for intrinsic defects in gallium oxide at and above room temperature .
• Søndenå, Rune; Weiser, Philip Michael & Monakhov, Eduard (2021). Direct and Indirect Determination of Hydrogen-Boron Complexes in Float-Zone Silicon Wafers.
• Karlsen, Kjetil; Bergum, Kristin & Monakhov, Eduard (2020). ZnOxNy as a top cell absorber candidate in tandem solar cells.
• Kumar, Raj; Nordseth, Ørnulf; Foss, Sean Erik; Vasquez, Geraldo Cristian; Monakhov, Eduard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2019). Investigation of n-Al:ZnO/p-Cu2O Heterojunction for c-Si Tandem Heterojunction Solar Cell Applications.
• Belle, Branson; Kutty, Maya N.; Koybasi, Ozhan; Dahl, Øystein; S. Azar, Amin & Taniguchi, Takashi [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Gamma ray radiation effects on h-BN encapsulated graphene field effect transistors.
• Nyborg, Martin; Bergum, Kristin; Monakhov, Eduard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2018). Nitrogen Doping of Sputtered Cuprous Oxide Thin Films by ion Implantation .
• Nyborg, Martin; Monakhov, Eduard & Bergum, Kristin (2018). Lithium Doped DC Magnetron Sputtered Cu2O Thin Films .
• Kjeldstad, Torunn; Thøgersen, Annett; Galeckas, Augustinas; Monakhov, Eduard; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud & Nilsen, Ola (2018). Aluminum nanowires in amorphous silicon.
• Thøgersen, Annett; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Galeckas, Augustinas; Nilsen, Ola & Monakhov, Eduard (2018). Aluminum nanowires in amorphous silicon.
• Vaqueiro-Contreras, Michelle; Markevich, Vladimir P.; Halsall, Matthew P.; Peaker, Anthony R.; Santos, Paulo & Coutinho, José A.P. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Powerful recombination centers resulting from reactions of hydrogen with carbon-oxygen defects in n-type Czochralski-grown silicon. Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters. ISSN 1862-6254. 11:1700133(8). doi: 10.1002/pssr.201700133.
• Nordseth, Ørnulf; Fara, Laurentiu; Kumar, Raj; Foss, S. E.; Dumitru, C. & Muscurel, V.-F. [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2017). Electro-Optical Modeling of a ZnO/Cu2O Subcell in a Silicon-Based Tandem Heterojunction Solar Cell.
• Nordseth, Ørnulf; Kumar, Raj; Bergum, Kristin; Fara, Laurentiu; Chilibon, I.la & Foss, S. E. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Silicon-Based Tandem Solar Cells Boosting the Performance Using Non-Toxic Metal Oxides. GIT Laboratory Journal Europe. ISSN 1611-6038.
• Kumar, Raj; Bergum, Kristin; Riise, Heine Nygard; Monakhov, Edouard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2017). Impact of post annealing on hydrogen implanted Cu2O thin film for solar cell applications.
• Kumar, Raj; Bergum, Kristin; Riise, Heine Nygard; Azarov, Alexander; Monakhov, Edouard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2017). Impact of post deposition annealing on electrical properties of Cu2O thin films.
• Kumar, Raj; Bergum, Kristin; Riise, Heine Nygard; Monakhov, Edouard & Svensson, Bengt Gunnar (2017). Electrical and optical characterization of p type Cu2O thin film for solar cell applications.
• Ayedh, Hussein Mohammed Hussein; Azarov, Alexander; Galeckas, Augustinas; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar & Monakhov, Edouard (2017). DLTS study of the interstitial carbon–oxygen complex in proton irradiated p-type Si.
• Panfilov, Daniil & Monakhov, Eduard (2023). Fabrication and characterisation of 4H-SiC diodes for particles detectors. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo. Show summary

  Silicon Carbide (SiC) radiation detectors are increasingly gaining recognition for their enhanced performance in diverse applications including nuclear radiation detection, functioning under high-temperature environments, x-ray detection, neutron detection and dosimetry. SiC comes out on top with its ability to operate efficiently in challenging environments. Compared to its primary competitor silicon (Si), 4H-SiC polytype has higher thermal conductivity, superior temperature stability, and a wider bandgap. In this thesis a scalable fabrication technique for n-type 4H-SiC Schottky diodes is proposed, serving as a stepping stone for the future fabrication of 4H-SiC-based detectors. The work encompasses the development and fine-tuning of photolithography processes, fabrication of 4H-SiC Schottky diodes, and their characterization. The photolithography process is based on the lift-off method. It involves two layers: (i) positive resist and (ii) a so-called lift-off layer to provide an undercut for easier removal of the resist. Such parameters as the exposure and development times were optimized. Optical microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy were employed for optimizing the lithography process. Nickel, deposited by e-beam evaporation, was used for formation of Schottky diodes. Current-Voltage (IV) measurements show that the reverse-bias leakage current for most of the diodes is below the detection limit of the instruments used. The reverse saturation currents and the ideality factors are deduced from the fitting of the diode equation to the measurements for the forward bias. The lowest ideality factor and saturation current are 1.14 and 3.24∗10−21𝐴, respectively. The highest breakdown voltage obtained is 350 V. Capacitance-Voltage (CV) measurements have revealed the doping concentration in the epi-layer to be 1.2−1.3∗1016 𝑐𝑚−3. The depletion width at 100 V is deduced to be around 3 μm. The highest built-in voltage is found to be 1.6 V for 200 μm diodes, which is comparable with a theoretic value of 1.7 V. It is observed that smaller diodes (200 μm) demonstrate better characteristics, such as ideality factor, breakdown voltage and build-in voltage, compared to larger ones (2000 μm). We hypothesise that this is due to surface imperfections in the SiC epi-layer or dust particles from poor sample handling: As the diode size increases, there is a higher probability of a surface imperfection or a dust particle to occur between SiC and the metal, which will be detrimental for the Schottky diode. CV characterization of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures is used to examine thermally grown silicon oxide (𝑆𝑖𝑂2) and aluminium oxide (𝐴𝑙2𝑂3), deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). MOS with thermally grown 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 reveal CV curves typical for a high-quality MOS structure, validating the insulating and passivating properties of the oxide. In comparison, ALD-grown 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 did not manifest reproducible and consistent CV characteristics.

• Zariouh, Osama; Monakhov, Eduard & Bergum, Kristin (2020). Deposition of phase-pure Cu2O by magnetron sputtering. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Ousdal, Erlend Lemva & Monakhov, Eduard (2020). Electrical and optical properties of graphene and graphene oxide: fundamentals and application. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Hall, Erlend; Monakhov, Eduard; Haug, Halvard & Marstein, Erik Stensrud (2020). Synthesis and characterisation of PEDOT:PSS/silicon interfaces for use in low cost, high efficiency solar cells. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Karlsen, Kjetil & Monakhov, Eduard (2019). Characterization of Li doped, magnetron sputtered Cu2O thin films. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Granerød, Cecilie Skjold; Prytz, Øystein; Monakhov, Eduard & Nilsen, Ola (2018). Measuring optical properties on the nanoscale: a STEM-EELS study of ZnO. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710.

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