Jøran Idar Moen

• Petrinec, S. M.; Kletzing, C. A.; Miles, D. M.; Fuselier, S. A.; Christopher, I. W. & Crawford, D. [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2025). The Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) Mission Design. Space Science Reviews. ISSN 0038-6308. 221(5). doi: 10.1007/s11214-025-01185-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The detailed study of the global characteristics of collisionless magnetic reconnection that occurs at the magnetopause will be greatly enhanced by observations of plasma fluxes and fields within the low-altitude cusp region, as sampled by two spacecraft orbiting in tandem. The NASA Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) mission, a Heliophysics Small Explorer (SMEX) mission, will provide the necessary observations to enable significant progress to be made on understanding magnetic reconnection, especially in terms of its temporal versus spatial characteristics. This paper provides an overview of the TRACERS mission design and the trade studies conducted for the optimization of this design.

• Jin, Yaqi; Moen, Jøran Idar; Spicher, Andres; Liu, Jianjun; Clausen, Lasse & Miloch, Wojciech Jacek (2023). Ionospheric Flow Vortex Induced by the Sudden Decrease in the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 128(11). doi: 10.1029/2023JA031690. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abrupt changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure can greatly affect the Earth's magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We present an ionospheric flow vortex in the morning sector during the sudden decrease in the solar wind dynamic pressure. The flow vortex was clearly observed by both the Hankasalmi radar and the azimuthal scan mode of the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR). The flow vortex was first seen in the eastern field of view (FOV) of the Hankasalmi radar, and then propagated poleward and westward into the FOV of the ESR. During the passage of the flow vortex, a gradual decrease of electron density was observed by the field-aligned ESR 42 m antenna. When the equatorward directed ionospheric flow reached the ESR site, weak and visible increases in the electron density and electron temperature were observed. This impact was likely caused by soft electron precipitation associated with the clockwise flow vortex and upward field-aligned current. The azimuthal scan mode of the ESR 32 m radar at low elevation angle (30°) allowed us to measure key ionospheric parameters over a larger area (6° in latitude and 120° in azimuthal angle). The latitudinal scan of the electron temperature was used to proxy the equatorward auroral boundary, which shows that the flow vortex was located in the subauroral region. We further demonstrated that it is possible to study the weak increase of electron density by using GPS total electron content (TEC) data. A minor TEC increase was observed near the center of the flow vortex.

• Spicher, Andres; LaBelle, James; Bonnell, John W.; Roglans, Roger; Moser, Chrystal & Fuselier, Stephen A. [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2022). Interferometric Study of Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities in Regions of Phase Scintillations and HF Backscatter. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 49(12). doi: 10.1029/2021GL097013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We investigate the nature of small-scale irregularities observed in the cusp by the Twin Rockets to Investigate Cusp Electrodynamics-2 (TRICE-2) in regions of enhanced phase scintillations and high-frequency coherent radar backscatter. We take advantage of the fact that the irregularities were detected by spatially separated probes, and present an interferometric analysis of both the observed electron density and electric field fluctuations. We provide evidence that fluctuations spanning a few decameters to about a meter have low phase velocity in the plasma reference frame and are nondispersive, confirming that decameter-scale irregularities follow the E × B velocity. Furthermore, we show that these “spatial” structures are intermittent and prominent outside of regions with strongest precipitation. The observations are then discussed in the context of possible mechanisms for irregularity creation.

• Takahashi, Toru; Spicher, Andres; Mare, Francesca Di; Rowland, Douglas E.; Pfaff, Robert F. & Collier, Michael R. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Suppression of ionospheric irregularity due to auroral particle impact. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 127(1). doi: 10.1029/2020JA028725. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The VISIONS-2 35.039 sounding rocket was launched from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on 7 December 2018 at 11:06 UT, and traveled overhead of the cusp aurora. The payload reached an apogee of 806.6 km and provided measurements of the electric field (E) and electron density (N_e ) with a high sampling rate of 6,250 Hz. The high-sampling-data make it possible to estimate the horizontal structure of E and Ne on scales ranging from meters to kilometers scale. The horizontal variation in the electron density and electric field (ΔN_e /N_e and ΔE) and integrated power of N_e and E (ΣP_Ne and ΣP_E) for 1–10, 10–100, and 100–1,000 Hz range were derived. The derived values were compared with the 557.7 and 630.0 nm emission intensities obtained from an all-sky camera installed in Ny-Ålesund projected at the footprint of the rocket, which was calculated by tracing the Earth's magnetic field line from the rocket altitude to the emission layer. ΔN_e /N_e , ΔE, ΣP_Ne, and ΣP_E increased with the 630.0 nm emission intensity. Of particular interest is the lower level irregularity was observed when the 557.7 nm emission intensity exceeded 4.5 kR compared with other time interval. This may suggest that particle impact ionization created sufficient Pedersen conductance in the E-region to short the F-region current. This short-circuit seemed to cause the suppression of the irregularities in the F-region and lower level irregularities were also observed in the rocket altitude.

• Zhang, Qing-He; Zhang, Yong-Liang; Wang, Chi; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Lyons, Larry R. & Lockwood, Michael [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). A space hurricane over the Earth’s polar ionosphere. Nature Communications. 12. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21459-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In Earth’s low atmosphere, hurricanes are destructive due to their great size, strong spiral winds with shears, and intense rain/precipitation. However, disturbances resembling hurricanes have not been detected in Earth’s upper atmosphere. Here, we report a long-lasting space hurricane in the polar ionosphere and magnetosphere during low solar and otherwise low geomagnetic activity. This hurricane shows strong circular horizontal plasma flow with shears, a nearly zero-flow center, and a coincident cyclone-shaped aurora caused by strong electron precipitation associated with intense upward magnetic field-aligned currents. Near the center, precipitating electrons were substantially accelerated to ~10 keV. The hurricane imparted large energy and momentum deposition into the ionosphere despite otherwise extremely quiet conditions. The observations and simulations reveal that the space hurricane is generated by steady high-latitude lobe magnetic reconnection and current continuity during a several hour period of northward interplanetary magnetic field and very low solar wind density and speed.

• Olifer, L.; Feltman, C.; Ghaffari, R.; Henderson, S.; Huyghebaert, Devin & Burchill, J. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Swarm Observations of Dawn/Dusk Asymmetries Between Pedersen Conductance in Upward and Downward Field-Aligned Current Regions. Earth and Space Science. 8(7). doi: 10.1029/2020EA001167. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The locations of region 1 and 2 field-aligned current systems were determined using fluxgate magnetometer measurements from 875 dawn-dusk passes of the Swarm A satellite. Within each field-aligned current region, the ionospheric Pedersen conductance was derived from the newly corrected Swarm electric and magnetic field measurements. The Pedersen conductances are generally consistent with photoionization models. However, we show that the in situ method of determining Pedersen conductance allows for a more complete description of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and should be used in future studies when possible. We show that, overall, the Pedersen conductance is larger in the upward current region than in the downward region by ∼0.6 S on the dawn side of the Earth. Meanwhile, the dusk side Pedersen conductance is equivalent in both current regions. We attribute this asymmetry to dawn side energetic electron precipitation, commonly associated with substorm electron injections from the magnetotail.

• Moser, Chrystal; LaBelle, James William; Hatch, Spencer Mark; Moen, Jøran Idar; Spicher, Andres & Takahashi, Toru [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). The Cusp as a VLF Saucer Source: First Rocket Observations of Long‐Duration VLF Saucers on the Dayside. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 48(2). doi: 10.1029/2020GL090747. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Auroral whistler‐mode radio emissions called saucers are of fundamental interest because they require an unusually stationary emission process in the dynamic auroral environment, and it is a mystery how that can happen in this or similar conditions elsewhere in geospace. The Cusp Alfvén and Plasma Electrodynamics Rocket (CAPER‐2), launched into the cusp, obtained the first rocket measurements of a large‐scale, multiple‐armed dayside saucer, similar to those observed by the DEMETER satellite, with the addition of particle measurements and ground‐based measurements. Analysis of saucer shapes, directional measurements using waveforms, and ground‐based data show that, accounting for estimated uncertainties, these originate at altitudes ∼4,000 km within the cusp, the eastern side of which is penetrated by the rocket ∼100 s after the saucers are encountered. On‐board particle instruments show dispersed electron bursts in the cusp, Alfvénically accelerated at altitudes at or above the saucer sources.

• Mare, Francesca Di; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Moen, Jøran Idar (2021). Turbulence and Intermittency in the Winter Cusp Ionosphere Studied With the ICI Sounding Rockets. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 126(8). doi: 10.1029/2021JA029150. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The characteristics of turbulent plasma in the winter cusp ionosphere is studied based on in-situ data from the Investigation of Cusp Irregularities (ICI) sounding rockets. The electron density fluctuations from ICI-2 and ICI-3 missions have been analyzed for the whole flight, using advanced timeseries analysis techniques. The analysis of the autocorrelation scale is indicative of the turbulence integral scale and marks the onset of the turbulent cascade from large to small scales in the power spectrum density of the rocket data. The power spectrum is typical for a turbulent field. The turbulent structures are persistent in the data, which are quantified by analyzing the Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) and their deviations from the Gaussian distribution. The kurtosis analysis indicates the presence of intermittency. These results are compared with the Local Intermittence Measure - LIM, which confirms the presence of small scale intermittent structures. The turbulence measured by rockets appears well developed and covers frequencies between 1 Hz and several hundred Hz. There is a good agreement with the previous results, suggesting that density fluctuations in the ionospheric cusp agree with the turbulence framework in which intermittent processes transfer energy across different scales.

• Follestad, Anna Kristine Fæhn; Clausen, Lasse; Moen, Jøran Idar & Jacobsen, Knut Stanley (2021). Latitudinal, Diurnal, and Seasonal Variations in the Accuracy of an RTK Positioning System and Its Relationship With Ionospheric Irregularities. Space Weather. 19(6). doi: 10.1029/2020SW002625. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Norwegian Mapping Authority operates a network real time kinematic (RTK) system called CPOS, a positioning service providing centimeter level accuracy aimed at commercial users, for example, in civil engineering, excavation, and surveying. CPOS is based on multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (multi-GNSS) in addition to base stations to provide correction data. CPOS position accuracy is subject to disturbances arising from space weather phenomena, which can disturb and disrupt GNSS signals. Studies have shown that CPOS performance is sensitive to the presence of plasma irregularities, usually quantified by the rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI). This study investigates the performance of CPOS over a 3-year period, and its relationship with ionospheric irregularities. In a statistical analysis, we observe that CPOS position errors have seasonal, diurnal, and latitudinal variations. The most frequent position errors occur around magnetic noon and are of moderate severity, while the largest position errors occur around night-time, agreeing well with climatology studies on GNSS scintillations. Additionally, we investigate ionospheric irregularities as characterized by the rate of TEC index (ROTI). We find that there is a significant correlation between CPOS accuracy and ROTI, but that there are also other contributing factors.

• Sawyer, R.P.; Fuselier, Stephen A.; Kletzing, C.A.; Bonnell, J.W.; Roglans, R. & Bounds, S.R. [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). TRICE 2 Observations of Low-Energy Magnetospheric Ions Within the Cusp. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 126(9). doi: 10.1029/2021JA029382. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  On December 08, 2018 the Twin Rocket Investigation of Cusp Electrodynamics 2 (TRICE 2) mission was successfully launched. The mission consisted of two sounding rockets, each carrying a payload capable of measuring electron and ion distributions, electric and magnetic fields, and plasma waves occurring in the northern magnetospheric cusp. This study highlights the ion and wave observations obtained by TRICE 2 in the cusp and observations from the magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) spacecraft at the low-latitude magnetopause two hours prior to the TRICE 2 traversal of the cusp. Within the cusp, typical ion cusp features were observed, that is, energy-latitude dispersion of injected magnetosheath plasma. However, a lower energy population was also measured near the equatorward edge of the cusp on open field lines. Pitch-angle distributions of the low-energy ions suggest that this population was magnetospheric in origin, and not from ionospheric upflows. Data from MMS show that counterstreaming ions were present in the outer magnetosphere and low-latitude boundary layer at similar energies to those observed by TRICE 2 in the cusp. Correlations between the low-energy ions within the cusp and broadband extremely low frequency waves suggest that the low-energy magnetospheric ions that filled the flux tube may have undergone wave-particle interactions. These interactions may cause pitch-angle scattering of low-energy magnetospheric ions closer to the loss cone, thereby allowing them to precipitate into the cusp and be measured by the TRICE 2 sounding rockets.

• Jin, Yaqi; Clausen, Lasse; Spicher, Andres; Ivarsen, Magnus Fagernes; Zhang, Yongliang & Miloch, Wojciech Jacek [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Statistical Distribution of Decameter Scale (50 m) Ionospheric Irregularities at High Latitudes. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 48(19). doi: 10.1029/2021GL094794. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present a study of decameter scale ionospheric irregularities using in-situ electron density data from the NorSat-1 satellite. During the current period of low solar activity, NorSat-1 frequently observes significant plasma irregularities from several 10 s km down to several decameter. These are often observed near the dayside cusp and dawnside auroral zone. The decameter-scale irregularities are positively correlated with intermediate-scale (10 km) density gradients, for both negative and positive gradients encountered by the satellite. The statistical distribution of electron density over two winter months in the northern hemisphere along NorSat-1 orbits, shows significant density increases in the cusp ionosphere (75°–80° Magnetic LATitude) and in regions near the dawnside auroral oval. Intermediate scale density gradients and small-scale irregularities are clearly associated with these density enhancements. We postulate that these density enhancements and irregularities are due to auroral particle precipitation/plasma dynamics.

• Zhang, Qing-He; Zhang, Yong-Liang; Wang, Chi; Lockwood, Michael; Yang, Hui-Gen & Tang, Bin-Bin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Multiple transpolar auroral arcs reveal insight about coupling processes in the Earth’s magnetotail. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). ISSN 0027-8424. 117(28), p. 16193–16198. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2000614117. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A distinct class of aurora, called transpolar auroral arc (TPA) (in some cases called “theta” aurora), appears in the extremely high-latitude ionosphere of the Earth when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is northward. The formation and evolution of TPA offers clues about processes transferring energy and momentum from the solar wind to the magnetosphere and ionosphere during a northward IMF. However, their formation mechanisms remain poorly understood and controversial. We report a mechanism identified from multiple-instrument observations of unusually bright, multiple TPAs and simulations from a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) global MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) model. The observations and simulations show an excellent agreement and reveal that these multiple TPAs are generated by precipitating energetic magnetospheric electrons within field-aligned current (FAC) sheets. These FAC sheets are generated by multiple-flow shear sheets in both the magnetospheric boundary produced by Kelvin–Helmholtz instability between supersonic solar wind flow and magnetosphere plasma, and the plasma sheet generated by the interactions between the enhanced earthward plasma flows from the distant tail (less than −100 RE) and the enhanced tailward flows from the near tail (about −20 RE). The study offers insight into the complex solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes under a northward IMF condition, and it challenges existing paradigms of the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere.

• Lessard, Marc R.; Fritz, Bruce; Sadler, Brent; Cohen, Ian J.; Kenward, David & Godbole, Niharika [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2020). Overview of the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling Sounding Rocket 2 (RENU2). Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 47(21), p. 1–7. doi: 10.1029/2018GL081885. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) rocket was launched on 13 December 2015 at 07:34 UT. The payload transited the cusp region during a neutral upwelling event, supported by a comprehensive set of onboard and ground‐based instrumentation. RENU2 data highlight two important processes. One is that a proper understanding of neutral upwelling by Poleward Moving Auroral Forms (PMAFs) requires a treatment that mimics the quasiperiodic passage of a sequence of PMAFs. As a PMAF reaches a flux tube, its physical consequences must be determined including the residual history of effects from previous passages, implying that understanding such a process requires an accounting of the system hysteresis. Second, RENU2 observations suggest that neutral density enhancements driven by precipitation and/or Joule heating can be highly structured in altitude and latitude. In addition, timescales involving neutral dynamics suggest that the structuring must be slowly changing, for example, over the course of 10 to tens of minutes.

• Hwang, K.-J.; Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Coster, A.; Gillies, R.G.; Fear, R. C. & Fuselier, Stephen A. [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2020). Sequential Observations of Flux Transfer Events, Poleward-Moving Auroral Forms, and Polar Cap Patches. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 125(6). doi: 10.1029/2019JA027674. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We report the observation of solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions using a series of flux transfer events (FTEs) observed by Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission located near the dayside magnetopause on 18 December 2017. The FTEs were observed to propagate duskward and either southward or slightly northward, as predicted under duskward and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The Cooling model also predicted a significant dawnward propagation of northward‐moving FTEs. Near the MMS footprint, a series of poleward‐moving auroral forms (PMAFs) occurred almost simultaneously with those FTEs. They propagated poleward and westward, consistent with the modeled FTE propagation. The intervals between FTEs, relatively consistent with those between PMAFs, strongly suggest a one‐to‐one correspondence between the dayside transients and ionospheric responses. The FTEs embedded in continuous reconnection observed by MMS and corresponding PMAFs individually occurred during persistent auroral activity recorded by an all‐sky imager strongly indicate that those FTEs/PMAFs resulted from the temporal modulation of the reconnection rate during continuous reconnection. With the decay of the PMAFs associated with the FTEs, patch‐like plasma density enhancements were detected to form and propagate poleward and then dawnward. Propagation to the dawn was also suggested by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) convection and Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content data. We relate the temporal variation of the driving solar‐wind and magnetospheric mechanism to that of the high‐latitude and polar ionospheric responses and estimate the response time.

• Spicher, Andres; Deshpande, Kshitija; Jin, Yaqi; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Zettergren, Matthew D. & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). On the Production of Ionospheric Irregularities Via Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability Associated with Cusp Flow Channels. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 125(6). doi: 10.1029/2019JA027734. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present a multi‐instrument multiscale study of a channel of enhanced, inhomogeneous flow in the cusp ionosphere occurring on November 30, 2014. We provide evidence that strong Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) phase scintillations indices (σϕ>0.5 rad) can arise from such events, indicating that they are important in the context of space weather impacts on technology. We compare in detail two‐dimensional maps of ionospheric density, velocity, and temperatures obtained by the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association Svalbard Radar with scintillation indices detected from a network of four GNSS receivers around Svalbard and examine the different sources of free energy for irregularity creation. We observe that the strongest phase scintillations occur on the poleward side of the flow channel in a region of sheared plasma motion and structured low‐energy particle precipitation. As inhomogeneous plasma flows are evident in our observations, we perform a quantitative, nonlinear analysis of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) and its impact on phase scintillations using numerical simulations from the first principles‐based Geospace Environment Model of Ion‐Neutral Interactions and Satellite‐beacon Ionospheric‐scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere. Using representative values consistent with the radar data, we show that KHI can efficiently create density structures along with considerable scintillations and is thus likely to contribute significantly under similar conditions, which are frequent in the cusp.

• Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Zhang, Shun-Rong; Lyons, Lawrence R.; Deng, Yue; Coster, Anthea J. & Moen, Jøran Idar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Source Region and Propagation of Dayside Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 47(19). doi: 10.1029/2020GL089451. Full text in Research Archive
• Follestad, Anna Kristine Fæhn; Herlingshaw, Katie; Ghadjari, Hossein; Knudsen, David J.; McWilliams, Kathryn A. & Moen, Jøran Idar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Dayside Field-Aligned Current Impacts on Ionospheric Irregularities. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 47(11). doi: 10.1029/2019GL086722. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are subject to disturbances caused by plasma irregularities in the ionosphere. Studies have suggested that in addition to the gradient drift and Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities, electron precipitation may be important for phase scintillations in the dayside auroral region. This study combines in situ Swarm data with ground GNSS observations to investigate the potential role of filamentary field‐aligned currents (FACs) on phase scintillations in the dayside auroral region by analyzing 22 events with phase scintillations exceeding 0.45 radians. We observe colocation between regions of severe phase scintillations and highly filamented FACs with fluctuations measured in the spacecraft frame of the order of 20 Hz. The observations indicate that filamentary FACs are crucial drivers for irregularities responsible for creating severe phase scintillations measured in the dayside auroral region and are thus of significant importance in the context of space weather impact on satellite communication.

• Ivarsen, Magnus Fagernes; Hoang, Huy Minh; Yang, Lei; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Spicher, Andres & Jin, Yaqi [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Multineedle Langmuir Probe Operation and Acute Probe Current Susceptibility to Spacecraft Potential. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. ISSN 0093-3813. 47(8), p. 3816–3823. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2019.2906377. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  NorSat-1 was launched on July 14, 2017 as a satellite carrying, among other instruments, the multineedle Langmuir probe (m-NLP), an instrument which, on NorSat-1, is capable of measuring the ionospheric plasma electron density with the high sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. The m-NLP instrument operates by analyzing the current-voltage diagram resulting from the measurements from each individual probe. In principle, the m-NLP operation methodology should be insensitive to spacecraft charging. However, this is not always the case. In this paper, we present an overview of the instrument response to passes into and out of eclipse. When the satellite exits eclipse, we observe a collapse in the collected probe currents. This acute drop is unaccounted for by the theoretical operation of the instrument. We present a statistical analysis of the phenomenon based on several months of NorSat-1 data, and we suggest a plausible reason for the observed drop in the current, namely, spacecraft charging, by solar cell arrays upon eclipse exit. We briefly discuss how satellite orientation and plasma wake affect the current drop. With this paper, we address Langmuir probe current susceptibility to spacecraft potential.

• Bekkeng, Tore Andre; Helgeby, Espen Sørlie; Pedersen, Arne; Trondsen, Espen; Lindem, Torfinn & Moen, Jøran Idar (2019). Multi-Needle Langmuir Probe System for Electron Density Measurements and Active Spacecraft Potential Control on CubeSats. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. ISSN 0018-9251. 55(6), p. 2951–2964. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2019.2900132. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoang, Huy Minh; Røed, Ketil; Bekkeng, Tore Andre; Moen, Jøran Idar; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Trondsen, Espen [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2019). The Multi-needle Langmuir Probe Instrument for QB50 Mission: Case Studies of Ex-Alta 1 and Hoopoe Satellites. Space Science Reviews. ISSN 0038-6308. 215:21(2), p. 1–19. doi: 10.1007/s11214-019-0586-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The QB50 mission is a satellite constellation designed to carry out measurements at between 200–380 km altitude in the ionosphere. The multi-needle Langmuir probe (m-NLP) instrument has been mounted on board eleven QB50 satellites in order to characterize ambient plasma. The distinct feature of this instrument is its capability of measuring the plasma density at high spatial resolution without the need to know the electron temperature or the spacecraft potential. While the instrument has been deployed on many sounding rockets, the QB50 satellites offer the opportunity to demonstrate the operation of the instrument in low-earth orbit (LEO). This paper provides a brief review of the m-NLP instrument specifically designed for the QB50 mission and the case studies of the instrument’s performance on board the Ex-Alta 1 and Hoopoe satellites. The system has also been functionally verified in a plasma chamber at the European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC). Although the QB50 mission’s scientific goals have not been reached yet and some uncertainties still remain, there are some optimistic in-orbit preliminary results which could be helpful for the system improvement in future campaigns. Particularly, the electron emitter as part of the m-NLP science unit has demonstrated its capability in the plasma chamber and in orbit to mitigate spacecraft charging effects.

• Burleigh, Meghan R.; Zettergren, Matthew David; Lynch, Kristina A.; Lessard, Marc R.; Moen, Jøran Idar & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Transient Ionospheric Upflow Driven by Poleward Moving Auroral forms Observed During the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) Campaign. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 46(12), p. 6297–6305. doi: 10.1029/2018GL081886. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study examines cumulative effects of a series of poleward moving auroral forms on ion upflow and downflow. These effects are investigated using an ionospheric model with inputs derived from the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) sounding rocket campaign. Auroral precipitation inputs are constrained by all‐sky imager brightness values resulting in significant latitudinal structuring in simulated ionospheric upflows due to transient forcing. For contrast, a case with steady forcing generates almost double the O+ upflow transport through 1,000 km when compared to poleward moving auroral form‐like structures. At high altitudes, model results show a spread in upflow response time dependent on ion mass, with molecular ions responding slower than atomic ions by several minutes. While the modeled auroral precipitation is not strong enough to accelerate ions to escape velocities, source populations available for higher‐altitude energization processes are greatly impacted by variable forcing exhibited by the RENU2 event.

• Jin, Yaqi; Moen, Jøran Idar; Spicher, Andres; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Simultaneous rocket and scintillation observations of plasma irregularities associated with a reversed flow event in the cusp ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 124(8), p. 7098–7111. doi: 10.1029/2019JA026942. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present an overview of the ionospheric conditions during the launch of the Investigation of Cusp Irregularities 3 (ICI‐3) sounding rocket. ICI‐3 was launched from Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, at 7:21.31 UT on 3 December 2011. The objective of ICI‐3 was to intersect the reversed flow event (RFE), which is thought to be an important source for the rapid development of ionospheric irregularities in the cusp ionosphere. The interplanetary magnetic field was characterized by strongly negative Bz and weakly negative By. The EISCAT Svalbard radar (ESR) 32‐m beam was operating in a fast azimuth sweep mode between 180° (south) and 300° (northwest) at an elevation angle of 30°. The ESR observed a series of RFEs as westward flow channels that were opposed to the large‐scale eastward plasma flow in the prenoon sector. ICI‐3 intersected the first RFE in the ESR field of view and observed flow structures that were consistent with the ESR observations. Furthermore, ICI‐3 revealed finer‐scale flow structures inside the RFE. The high‐resolution electron density data show intense fluctuations at all scales throughout the RFE. The ionospheric pierce point of the GPS satellite PRN30, which was tracked at Hornsund, intersected the RFE at the same time. The GPS scintillation data show moderate phase scintillations and weak amplitude scintillations. A comparison of the power spectra reveals a good match between the ground‐based GPS carrier phase measurements and the spectral slope of the in situ electron density data in the lower frequency range. It demonstrates the possibility of modelling GPS scintillations from high‐resolution in situ electron density data.

• Jin, Yaqi; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek; Moen, Jøran Idar & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock (2018). Solar cycle and seasonal variations of the GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes. Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. 8. doi: 10.1051/swsc/2018034. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present the long-term statistics of the GPS phase scintillation in the polar region (70°–82° magnetic latitude) by using the GPS scintillation data from Ny-Ålesund for the period 2010–2017. Ny-Ålesund is ideally located to observe GPS scintillations modulated by the ionosphere cusp dynamics. The results show clear solar cycle and seasonal variations, with the GPS scintillation occurrence rate being much higher during solar maximum than during solar minimum. The seasonal variations show that scintillation occurrence rate is low during summer and high during winter. The highest scintillation occurrence rate is around magnetic noon except for December 2014 (solar maximum) when the nightside scintillation occurrence rate exceeds the dayside one. In summer, the dayside scintillation region is weak and there is a lack of scintillations in the nightside polar cap. The most intriguing features of the seasonal variations are local minima in the scintillation occurrence rate around winter solstices. They correspond to local minima in the F2 peak electron density. The dayside scintillation region migrates equatorward from summer to winter and retreats poleward from winter to summer repetitively in a magnetic latitude range of 74°–80°. This latitudinal movement is likely due to the motion of the cusp location due to the tilt of the Earth’s magnetic field and the impact of the sunlight.

• Paulsson, Joakim John Paul; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Moen, Jøran Idar & Miloch, Wojciech Jacek (2018). Wake Potential and Wake Effects on the Ionospheric Plasma Density Measurements With Sounding Rockets. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 123(11), p. 9711–9725. doi: 10.1029/2017JA025004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A new method is developed to systematically study variations in the electrostatic potential around a spinning spacecraft in flowing plasma. We argue that the main modulation of this potential is due to wake leading to different depletions in electron and ion densities. This wake potential can be calculated with the help of electric currents measured by Langmuir probes mounted on a boom system and the assumption of Boltzmann‐distributed electrons. The wake position is determined with the electric field measurements. We apply this method to data from the Investigation of Cusp Irregularities 3 ionospheric sounding rocket and find the observed wake to be larger than expected from the flow velocity and the Mach cone formation, which can be explained by the presence of booms. By using the wake potential to filter the rocket data, we show that this method is robust during highly dynamic plasma conditions and that it can be used to improve the quality of plasma density measurements and reduce the wake effects.

• Ma, Yu-Zhang; Zhang, Qing-He; Xing, Zan-Yang; Jayachandran, P.T.; Moen, Jøran Idar & Heelis, Roderick A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Combined Contribution of Solar Illumination, Solar Activity, and Convection to Ion Upflow Above the Polar Cap. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 123(5), p. 4317–4328. doi: 10.1029/2017JA024974. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  By analyzing a five‐year period (2010–2014) of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) plasma data, we investigated ion upflow occurrence, speed, density, and flux above the polar cap in the northern hemisphere under different solar zenith angle (SZA), solar activity (F10.7), and convection speed. Higher upflow occurrence rates in the dawn sector are associated with regions of higher convection speed, while higher upflow flux in the dusk sector is associated with higher density. The upflow occurrence increases with convection speed and solar activity but decreases with SZA. Upflow occurrence is the lowest when the SZA > 100° and the convection speeds are low. While, the upflow velocity and flux show a clear seasonal dependence with higher speed in the winter and higher flux in the summer during low convection conditions. However, they are detected for the first time to be both higher in summer during high convection conditions. These results suggest that ion upflow in the polar cap is controlled by the combination of convection, solar activity, and solar illumination.

• Wang, Yong; Zhang, Q. H.; Jayachandran, P.T.; Moen, Jøran Idar; Xing, ZY & Chadwick, Ruth [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Experimental Evidence on the Dependence of the Standard GPS Phase Scintillation Index on the Ionospheric Plasma Drift Around Noon Sector of the Polar Ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 123(3), p. 2370–2378. doi: 10.1002/2017JA024805. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  First experimental proof of a clear and strong dependence of the standard phase scintillation index (σφ) derived using Global Positioning System measurements on the ionospheric plasma flow around the noon sector of polar ionosphere is presented. σφ shows a strong linear dependence on the plasma drift speed measured by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars, whereas the amplitude scintillation index (S4) does not. This observed dependence can be explained as a consequence of Fresnel frequency dependence of the relative drift and the used constant cutoff frequency (0.1 Hz) to detrend the data for obtaining standard σφ. The lack of dependence of S4 on the drift speed possibly eliminates the plasma instability mechanism(s) involved as a cause of the dependence. These observations further confirm that the standard phase scintillation index is much more sensitive to plasma flow; therefore, utmost care must be taken when identifying phase scintillation (diffractive phase variations) from refractive (deterministic) phase variations, especially in the polar region where the ionospheric plasma drift is much larger than in equatorial and midlatitude regions. © 2018 American Geophysical Union

• Chernyshov, Aleksander A.; Spicher, Andres; Ilyasov, Askar A.; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Saito, Yoshifumi [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Studies of small-scale plasma inhomogeneities in the cusp ionosphere using sounding rocket data. Physics of Plasmas. ISSN 1070-664X. 25(4). doi: 10.1063/1.5026281. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Microprocesses associated with plasma inhomogeneities are studied on the basis of data from the Investigation of Cusp Irregularities (ICI-3) sounding rocket. The ICI-3 rocket is devoted to investigating a reverse flow event in the cusp F region ionosphere. By numerical stability analysis, it is demonstrated that inhomogeneous-energy-density-driven (IEDD) instability can be a mechanism for the excitation of small-scale plasma inhomogeneities. The Local Intermittency Measure (LIM) method also applied the rocket data to analyze irregular structures of the electric field during rocket flight in the cusp. A qualitative agreement between high values of the growth rates of the IEDD instability and the regions with enhanced LIM is observed. This suggests that IEDD instability is connected to turbulent non-Gaussian processes.

• Zhang, Qing-He; Lockwood, Michael; Foster, John C; Zong, Quigang; Dunlop, Malcolm W. & Zhang, Shun-Rong [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Observations of the step-like accelerating processes of cold ions in the reconnection layer at the dayside magnetopause. Science Bulletin. ISSN 2095-9273. 63(1), p. 31–37. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.01.003. Full text in Research Archive
• Mann, Ingrid; Kauristie, Kirsti; Bamford, Ruth; McCrea, Ian; Moen, Jøran Idar & Oksavik, Kjellmar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Challenges and Strategic Research Plans for Earth and Heliosphere: Research Infrastructures, Projects and Initiatives. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. ISSN 1743-9213. 13(S335), p. 219–225. doi: 10.1017/S1743921318000571. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We describe existing research infrastructures relevant for space weather and open issues of space weather research including the need for sustainable observation networks and for high-quality data products as basis for model development. The local relevance in Europe for studies of the ionosphere at high latitude is described. We propose as possible a way forward to sustain space weather research in Europe to establish a European research infrastructure project for space weather research and observations.

• Hoang, Huy Minh; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Røed, Ketil; Bekkeng, Tore Andre; Trondsen, Espen & Lybekk, Bjørn [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). The Multi-Needle Langmuir Probe System on Board NorSat-1. Space Science Reviews. ISSN 0038-6308. 214(4). doi: 10.1007/s11214-018-0509-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  On July 14th, 2017, the first Norwegian scientific satellite NorSat-1 was launched into a high-inclination (98∘), low-Earth orbit (600 km altitude) from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. As part of the payload package, NorSat-1 carries the multi-needle Langmuir probe (m-NLP) instrument which is capable of sampling the electron density at a rate up to 1 kHz, thus offering an unprecedented opportunity to continuously resolve ionospheric plasma density structures down to a few meters. Over the coming years, NorSat-1 will cross the equatorial and polar regions twice every 90 minutes, providing a wealth of data that will help to better understand the mechanisms that dissipate energy input from larger spatial scales by creating small-scale plasma density structures within the ionosphere. In this paper we describe the m-NLP system on board NorSat-1 and present some first results from the instrument commissioning phase. We show that the m-NLP instrument performs as expected and highlight its unique capabilities at resolving small-scale ionospheric plasma density structures.

• Hoang, Huy Minh; Røed, Ketil; Bekkeng, Tore Andre; Moen, Jøran Idar; Spicher, Andres & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). A study of data analysis techniques for the multi-needle Langmuir probe. Measurement Science and Technology. ISSN 0957-0233. 29(6). doi: 10.1088/1361-6501/aab948. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Åsmund; Carlson, Herbert C & Moen, Jøran Idar (2017). A statistical survey of heat input parameters into the cusp thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 122, p. 9622–9651. doi: 10.1002/2016JA023594. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Based on three winters of observational data, we present those ionosphere parameters deemed most critical to realistic space weather ionosphere and thermosphere representation and prediction, in regions impacted by variability in the cusp. The CHAMP spacecraft revealed large variability in cusp thermosphere densities, measuring frequent satellite drag enhancements, up to doublings. The community recognizes a clear need for more realistic representation of plasma flows and electron densities near the cusp. Existing average value models produce order of magnitude errors in these parameters, resulting in large underestimations of predicted drag. We fill this knowledge gap with statistics-based specification of these key parameters over their range of observed values. The European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar tracks plasma flow Vi, electron density Ne, and electron, ion temperatures Te, Ti, with consecutive 2–3 min windshield wipe scans of 1000 × 500 km areas. This allows mapping the maximum Ti of a large area within or near the cusp with high temporal resolution. In magnetic field-aligned mode the radar can measure high-resolution profiles of these plasma parameters. By deriving statistics for Ne and Ti, we enable derivation of thermosphere heating deposition under background and frictional drag-dominated magnetic reconnection conditions. We separate our Ne and Ti profiles into quiescent and enhanced states, which are not closely correlated due to the spatial structure of the reconnection foot point. Use of our data-based parameter inputs can make order of magnitude corrections to input data driving thermosphere models, enabling removal of previous twofold drag errors.

• Kim, Hyomin; Lessard, Marc R.; Jones, Sarah L.; Lynch, Kristina A.; Fernandes, Philip A. & Aruliah, Anasuya L. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Simultaneous observations of traveling convection vortices: Ionosphere-thermosphere coupling. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 122(5), p. 4943–4959. doi: 10.1002/2017JA023904. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present simultaneous observations of magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling over Svalbard during a traveling convection vortex (TCV) event. Various spaceborne and ground-based instruments made coordinated measurements, including magnetometers, particle detectors, an all-sky camera, European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar, Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and SCANning Doppler Imager (SCANDI). The instruments recorded TCVs associated with a sudden change in solar wind dynamic pressure. The data display typical features of TCVs including vortical ionospheric convection patterns seen by the ground magnetometers and SuperDARN radars and auroral precipitation near the cusp observed by the all-sky camera. Simultaneously, electron and ion temperature enhancements with corresponding density increase from soft precipitation are also observed by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar. The ground magnetometers also detected electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves at the approximate time of the TCV arrival. This implies that they were generated by a temperature anisotropy resulting from a compression on the dayside magnetosphere. SCANDI data show a divergence in thermospheric winds during the TCVs, presumably due to thermospheric heating associated with the current closure linked to a field-aligned current system generated by the TCVs. We conclude that solar wind pressure impulse-related transient phenomena can affect even the upper atmospheric dynamics via current systems established by a magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling process.

• Zhou, Xiaoyan; Haerendel, Gerhard; Moen, Jøran Idar; Trondsen, Espen; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Strangeway, Robert J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Shock aurora: Field-aligned discrete structures moving along the dawnside oval. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. ISSN 2169-9380. 122(3), p. 3145–3162. doi: 10.1002/2016JA022666. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Generated by interplanetary shocks or solar wind pressure pulses, shock aurora has transient, global, and dynamic significances and provides a direct manifestation of the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere interaction. As a part of a series of studies of the shock aurora, this paper focuses on the interaction at the morning magnetopause and its auroral manifestation at ~06 magnetic local time, where the velocity and magnetic field shears dominate the interaction. Flow shears can generate wave‐like structures inside a viscous boundary layer or even larger‐scale vortices. These structures couple to the ionosphere via quasi‐static field‐aligned currents or via kinetic Alfvén waves. Potential drops along field‐aligned filaments may be generated accelerating electrons to form auroral manifestations of the structures. A shock aurora event at dawnside is used to test this scenario. The findings include moving auroral streaks/rays that have a vertical profile from red (at ~250 km altitude) to purple (at ~100 km). The streaks moved antisunward along the poleward boundary of the oval at an ionospheric speed of ~3 km s−1. It was mapped to the magnetopause flank at ~133 km s−1, which was consistent with the observed speed of the magnetopause surface waves generated by the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability. The calculated field‐aligned potential drop using Haerendel's analytic model was ~5 kV that reasonably explained the observations. The results support the above scenario and reveal that magnetic and velocity shears at the flanks of the magnetospause may be the main cause of the fast moving shock aurora streaks. © 2017 American Geophysical Union

• Zhang, Q. H.; Ma, YZ; Jayachandran, P.T.; Moen, Jøran Idar; Lockwood, M & Zhang, YL [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Polar cap hot patches: Enhanced density structures different from the classical patches in the ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276. 44(16), p. 8159–8167. doi: 10.1002/2017GL073439. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Based on in situ and ground‐based observations, a new type of “polar cap hot patch” has been identified that is different from the classical polar cap enhanced density structure (cold patches). Comparing with the classical polar cap patches, which are transported from the dayside sunlit region with dense and cold plasma, the polar cap hot patches are associated with particle precipitations (therefore field‐aligned currents), ion upflows, and flow shears. The hot patches may have the same order of density enhancement as classical patches in the topside ionosphere, suggesting that the hot patches may be produced by transported photoionization plasma into flow channels. Within the flow channels, the hot patches have low‐energy particle precipitation and/or ion upflows associated with field‐aligned currents and flow shears. Corresponding Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal scintillation measurements indicate that hot patches may produce slightly stronger radio signal scintillation in the polar cap region than classical patches. A new type of polar cap patches, “polar cap hot patches,” is identified to differentiate enhanced density structures from classical patches. Hot patches are associated with particle precipitations, ion upflows, field‐aligned currents, and shear flows in the polar cap. Hot patches may lead to slightly stronger ionospheric scintillations of GNSS signals in the polar cap region than classical patches. © 2017 American Geophysical Union

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• Jin, Yaqi; Spicher, Andres; Pecseli, Hans Laszlo; Clausen, Lasse; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Jacobsen, Knut Stanley [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). In-situ observations of plasma blob inside the nightside auroral region and features of small-scale irregularities. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Kvammen, Andreas; Zettergren, Matthew David; Bonnell, John W.; Clausen, Lasse & Deshpande, Kshitija [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2024). Understanding the creation of ionospheric F-region turbulence and its spatio-temporal evolution using GNSS scintillations, auxiliary instruments and modeling. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The high-latitude F-region ionosphere is highly dynamic due to its strong coupling with the solar wind and magnetosphere. As a consequence, plasma density fluctuations or “irregular turbulent” structures are regularly observed in that region. When spanning a few decameters to a few kilometers, these irregularities can cause rapid fluctuations or “scintillations” in radio signals such as those typically used for trans-ionospheric navigation and communication, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) or HF communication systems. This work is intended to advance our understanding of the creation of ionospheric F-region turbulence and its spatio-temporal evolution. We show observations of the ionospheric conditions related to the presence of scintillations in the dayside region using measurements from ground-based instruments such as the EISCAT radars, all-sky cameras, and GNSS receivers combined with in-situ measurements from satellites and sounding rockets. We evaluate the possible sources of free energy and the relevance of several instabilities to create the irregularities causing the scintillations observed for selected case events. We focus on density structures related to flow shears and take advantage of the multi-instrument observations as input parameters for numerical simulations. We use the Geospace Environment Model of Ion-Neutral Interactions (GEMINI) [1] to characterize the nature of density fluctuations associated with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, with focus on the non-linear regime. Modelling results show that KHI can grow within minutes and can generate structures that lead to significant scintillations [2]. Additionally, we study how the density fluctuations evolve and how the energy is re-distributed across the scales as the instability evolves, allowing to compare with observations. Finally, we discuss future modelling work and observations necessary to make progress in the field. [1] Zettergren, et al. (2015), Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 10, doi:10.1002/2015GL066806. [2] Spicher, et al. (2020), J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JA027734. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027734

• Petrinec, Steven M.; Kletzing, Craig; Miles, David; Fuselier, Stephen A.; Christopher, Ivar & Crawford, Danielle [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2024). The Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) Mission Design. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Kvammen, Andreas; Zettergren, M.; Roglans, Roger; Bonnell, John W & LaBelle, James [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2024). Characterizing ionospheric turbulence on the poleward side of the cusp using sounding rocket observations and modelling work. Full text in Research Archive
• Goodrich, Katherine; Fuselier, Stephen A.; Kletzing, Craig; Miles, David; Trattner, Karlheinz J. & Petrinec, S. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). The TRACERS Mission; Utilizing Every Tool in the Toolbox. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Kvammen, Andreas; LaBelle, James; Zettergren, Matthew D.; Bonnell, John W. & Roglans, Roger [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2023). Examining the relevance of different instability mechanisms in causing ionospheric cusp irregularities based on sounding rocket data and numerical simulations. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar; Christiansen, Hanne H; Skogseth, Ragnheid; Sigernes, Fred; Hansen, Fred Skancke & Søreide, Janne [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). The ColdCast: UNIS 30 år - Jubileumsepisode. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hvordan var det å være student ved Unis på 90-tallet? Endrer feltarbeidet seg i takt med klimaendringene? Hvilken rolle spiller Unis når morgendagens fornybare energikilder diskuteres? Hvordan blir fremtidens Longyearbyen, når alt er bygget på tinende permafrost? I denne jubileumsepisoden i forbindelse med Universitetssenteret på Svalbards 30-års-feiring får du møte direktør Jøran Moen, geolog Hanne Christiansen, oseanograf Ragnheid Skogseth, geofysiker Fred Signernes, ansvarlig for feltsikkerhet Fred Skancke Hansen, marinbiolog Janne Søreide, professor i fornybar energi, Anna Sjöblom og historiker Thor Bjørn Arlov.

• Spicher, Andres; LaBelle, James William; Bonnell, John W.; Roglans, Roger; Moser, Chrystal & Fuselier, Stephen A. [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2022). Sounding rocket investigation of multi-scale (density) irregularities in the cusp region. Full text in Research Archive
• Oksavik, Kjellmar & Moen, Jøran Idar (2021). Historisk rom-orkan. [Internet]. Svalbardposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhang, Qing-He; Zhang, Yongliang; Wang, Chi; Lockwood, Michael; Yang, Huigen & Tang, Bin-Bin [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Multiple Transpolar Auroral Arcs Reveal New Insight About Coupling Processes in the Earth’s Magnetotail. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Moen, Jøran Idar; LaBelle, James William; Bonnell, John W; Roglans, Roger & Moser, Chrystal [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Sounding rocket studies of ionospheric turbulence above Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Every morning between about 06 UT and 11 UT, Svalbard rotates just below the cusps (dayside aurora), where direct coupling between the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere occurs. This provides a unique window to study the dayside aurora and the highly dynamic processes associated with it, examples of which include electron and ion precipitation and heating, electrostatic and electromagnetic waves, as well as turbulence. In this work, we focus on the turbulence which, alongside with being of pure scientific interest, can also have societal impacts. Indeed, the “irregular” electron density structures associated with it can affect our technology infrastructures by for instance degrading High Frequency (HF) communication and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals. After briefly reviewing some of the mechanisms believed to be important in the development of turbulence in the high-latitude ionosphere, we present recent observations of density irregularities obtained by sounding rockets above Svalbard. We focus on measurements made as a part of the Grand Challenge Initiative (GCI) Cusp, an international project combining sounding rockets missions and ground-based instruments to study the cusps. We show detailed characterization of the nature of the irregularities including their phase velocity and wavelengths, helping shedding light onto the process(es) involved in their formation, especially at the scales important for Space weather applications.

• Mare, Francesca Di; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek; Takahashi, Toru & Moen, Jøran Idar (2021). Turbulence and Intermittency in the Winter Cusp Ionosphere studied with the ICI Sounding Rockets. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Moen, Jøran Idar; Rowland, Douglas E.; LaBelle, James William; Kletzing, Craig A. & Blix, Kolbjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Sounding rocket studies above Svalbard: the grand challenge initiative cusp. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhang, Qing-He; Zhang, Yongliang; Wang, Chi; Lockwood, Michael; Yang, Huigen & Tang, Bin-Bin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Multiple Transpolar Auroral Arcs Reveal New Insight About Coupling Processes in the Earth’s Magnetotail. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhang, Qing-He; Zhang, Yongliang; Wang, Chi; Lockwood, Michael; Yang, Huigen & Tang, Bin-Bin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Multiple transpolar auroral arcs reveal new insight about coupling processes in the Earth’s magnetotail. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhang, Qing-He; Zhang, Yongliang; Wang, Chi; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Lyons, Larry R. & Lockwood, Michael [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). A Space Hurricane Over the Earth’s Polar Ionosphere. Full text in Research Archive
• Fossland, Jørgen; Roppen, Johann; Førde, Andreas; Ringdal, Ole; Nøra, Stig & Thoresen, Kjersti [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2020). Fortsatt høy beredskap og kriseledelse flere steder. [Journal]. Khrono.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; LaBelle, James William; Bonnell, John W; Bounds, Scott; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Mare, Francesca Di [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2020). On multi-scale density irregularities observed by sounding rockets within regions of enhanced scintillations in the cusp ionosphere. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhang, Qing-He; Zhang, Yongliang; Wang, Chi; Lockwood, Michael; Yang, Huigen & Tang, Bin-Bin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Multiple transpolar auroral arcs reveal insight about coupling processes in the Earth’s magnetotail. Full text in Research Archive
• Mare, Francesca Di; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Moen, Jøran Idar (2020). Turbulent Signatures in the Polar Cusp Ionosphere using sounding rocket mission observations. Full text in Research Archive
• Mare, Francesca Di; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Moen, Jøran Idar (2020). Turbulence Signatures in the Polar/Cusp Ionosphere based on ICI sounding rocket missions. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Kletzing, Craig A.; Bounds, Scott; Bonnell, John W.; Roglans, Roger & Fuselier, Stephen A. [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2020). Cusp rocket experiment of density structures. Full text in Research Archive
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Baddeley, Lisa; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Sigernes, Fred; Moen, Jøran Idar & LaBelle, James William (2019). EDGAR: Energy Deposition in the Geomagnetic Cusp Alfvén Resonator. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Moen, Jøran Idar; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Miloch, Wojciech Jacek (2019). On the source and nature of ionospheric plasma irregularities: advances made through the Investigation of Cusp irregularities sounding rocket program. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Jin, Yaqi; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Zettergren, Matthew D. & Deshpande, K. B. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). A reverse flow event as the onset of ionospheric scintillation irregularities in the cusp. Full text in Research Archive
• Follestad, Anna Kristine Fæhn; Herlingshaw, Katie; Ghadjari, Hossein; Knudsen, David J.; McWilliams, Kathryn A. & Moen, Jøran Idar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Birkeland Current Impacts on Cusp Ionospheric Irregularities. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) scintillations at high latitudes have traditionally been attributed to the Gradient Drift Instability (GDI) associated with polar cap patches and flow shear instabilities such as the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI). Previous studies have also shown that electron precipitation may play an important role for scintillations in the cusp. In this study, we combine in situ Swarm data with GNSS observations from a network of three ground based receivers around Svalbard, Norway, to further investigate the role of particle precipitation on phase scintillations in the cusp region. In particular, we examine the relation between strong scintillations and finely structured Birkeland currents. For this purpose, we identified 23 events in the winter time cusp with phase scintillations >0.45 radians. We show consistent colocation between enhanced cusp scintillations and regions of filamented Birkeland currents. In addition, we relate the observations to the presence of turbulence and dispersive Alfvén waves. The observations suggest that the filamentary field aligned currents and related particle precipitations in themselves together may act as the primary driver for the creation of irregularities responsible for ground based phase scintillations measured underneath the cusp.

• Spicher, Andres; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Jin, Yaqi; Moen, Jøran Idar; Baddeley, Lisa & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock (2019). On the sources of Cusp Ionospheric Scintillation Irregularities. Full text in Research Archive
• Rowland, Douglas E.; Moen, Jøran Idar; Pfaff, Robert F.; Clemmons, J.H.; Spicher, Andres & Freudenreich, H. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2019). VISIONS-2 observations of the electrodynamics of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The VISIONS-2 sounding rocket mission, launched Dec 7, 2019 into the cusp, was predominantly designed to study ion outflow acceleration mechanisms. However, its rocket-borne and ground-based instrument complement was well suited to study the electrodynamics of the cusp, including the pathways of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. VISIONS-2 launched southward from Ny Alesund, Svalbard, under active cusp conditions, with southward Bz and positive Bx and negative By. The Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO) optical instruments and the EISCAT radar were used to measure the conditions before, during, and after the VISIONS-2 launch. VISIONS-2 observed strong convection indicative of a potential penetration into the afternoon convection cell, strong Alfvénic activity, and intense filamentary soft precipitation. VISIONS-2's unique combination of rocket borne multispectral imagery along with in situ instrumentation of particles and fields as well as the ground-based measurements provide a unique view of the M-I coupling processes taking place at this time. We will describe the VISIONS-2 observations of the large-scale electrodynamics and discuss how the observations fit into our understanding of cusp processes.

• Rowland, Douglas E.; Moen, Jøran Idar; Pfaff, Robert F.; Clemmons, J.H.; Spicher, Andres & Freudenreich, H. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2019). VISIONS-2 observations of ion heating and energization near the exobase, and the role of wave-particle interactions. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The VISIONS-2 sounding rocket mission, launched Dec 7, 2019 into the cusp, was predominantly designed to study ion outflow acceleration mechanisms. It carried a variety of in situ particles and fields sensors to diagnose ion energization and heating mechanisms, as well as remote sensing instrumentation to image the energy inputs (rocket-borne visible wavelength multispectral auroral imager) and ion outflow (energetic neutral atom imager). The Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO) optical instruments and the EISCAT radar were used to measure the conditions before, during, and after the VISIONS-2 launch. VISIONS-2 observed strong cusp outflow of <20 eV ions at altitudes at and below 600 km. Uniquely, VISIONS-2 flew two payloads on nearly the same set of field lines, but separated by 200 km. They both observed intense VLF wave activity, but only the higher one (~800 km apogee) observed significant ELF wave activity. We will describe the VISIONS-2 observations of the ion acceleration and compare to simple models of wave-particle heating by VLF and ELF waves, and discuss the overall mechanism (potentially Alfven waves coupling to LH which then directly heat the ions).

• Pfaff, Robert F.; Rowland, Douglas E.; Freudenreich, H.; Clemmons, J.H.; Moen, Jøran Idar & Oksavik, Kjellmar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Dual Sounding Rocket Observations of Plasma Convection and Shear, Field-aligned Currents, and Alfven waves and Irregularities in the Cusp during IMF Bz Negative Conditions. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  On December 7, 2018, two NASA Black Brant X sounding rockets were launched simultaneously from Ny Ålesund, Spitzbergen (79˚ N) into the dayside cusp and subsequently cut across the open/closed field line boundary, reaching apogees of 601 km and 807 km. The launches occurred during Bz negative conditions. We provide an overview of the electrodynamic observations and focus on the DC electric field results, available from the lower altitude rocket, and field-aligned currents, observed on both rockets. The in situ DC electric fields reveal highly dynamic, structured flows within the cusp with steady flow towards the north and afternoon sector poleward of the cusp. Just equatorward of the cusp, strong meridional electric fields associated with westward plasma flow is observed in conjunction with zonal magnetic field perturbations, indicative of strong field-aligned currents. We discuss the large scale electrodynamics, including plasma shears and currents, as signatures of the open/closed character of the cusp/low latitude boundary layer as a function of the IMF. The electric field, magnetic field, and plasma density data also reveal strong ULF/ELF plasma waves and irregularities that exist within the open magnetic field line cusp region yet disappear when the payload was equatorward of the cusp on closed magnetic field lines. We present detailed wave characteristics and discuss them in terms of Alfvén waves and static irregularities that pervade the cusp region yet change character as a function of altitude.

• Clemmons, J.H.; Rowland, Douglas E.; Hecht, J. H.; Pfaff, Robert F.; Michell, Robert & Moen, Jøran Idar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). VISIONS-2 Observations of Electron Dynamics and Alfvén Waves. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Results from last year’s VISIONS-2 sounding rocket mission to investigate the physics of the cusp are presented and discussed. The focus is on the relationship of the highly-structured, field-aligned, dispersed electron fluxes and the concurrently-measured low frequency electric and magnetic fields, which are taken to be Alfvén waves. The discussion centers on the copious appearance of these phenomena within the VISIONS-2 measurements, and discusses the distinct characteristics of the electron bursts in the context of the waves. Featured are Poynting flux calculations (magnitude and direction) of the waves and a characterization of the wave polarization relative to the direction of the mean plasma flow. Energy analyses of the electrons and waves are used to elucidate their interrelationship, and time-of-flight analyses are used to constrain the interaction domain in the vertical direction.

• Moser, Chrystal; LaBelle, James William; Kletzing, Craig A.; Bounds, Scott; Hatch, Spencer Mark & Oksavik, Kjellmar [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). CAPER-2 and TRICE-2 Sounding Rocket Investigations: Whistler and Upper-Hybrid Waves in the Polar Cusp. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The CAPER-2 and TRICE-2 sounding rockets launched 4 January 2019 and 8 December 2018, respectively, into the cusp of earth’s magnetic field as part of the Grand Challenge Initiative to study cusp dynamics. Both of these missions carried receivers to examine auroral radio emissions ranging from a few hertz to several megahertz allowing for fine structures within the spectra to be observed. For instance, on field lines from 300-1300 km equator-ward of the estimated cusp boundary, CAPER-2 VLF receivers observed saucer-like features in its time-frequency spectra. Although superficially similar to those seen by James [1976], these features extend over a far greater spatial extent implying a much more distant source, perhaps > 10,000 km above the space- craft. Because the plasma and the magnetic field are not uniform over such a large altitude range, ray tracing will be required to interpret these features, and determine whether or not they originate in the cusp. HF receivers aboard TRICE-2 observed several intervals of intense non-thermal upper-hybrid waves with banded-structures, having 4-12 bands with spacings and bandwidths of about 5 kHz. Two possible explanations for these features are: 1) modulation from wave-wave interactions of upper-hybrid waves with lower-hybrid/whistler waves, or 2) the HF antennas have a separation equal to an integral number of the observed wavelength resulting in nulls within the spectra. Data from the UCB VLF receivers shows lower-hybrid cutoff near 5 kHz, suggesting the presence of a wave-wave interaction. Consideration of rocket probe attitude is required to test these and other mechanisms. Both CAPER-2 and TRICE-2 observed a host of other wave and particle phenomena in the cusp that need to be investigated further to enhance our understanding of the auroral ionosphere and magnetospheric-ionospheric interactions.

• Spicher, Andres; Deshpande, Kshitija; Zettergren, Matthew D.; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Jin, Yaqi & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Modeling scintillation produced by ionospheric Kelvin Helmholtz in the cusp ionosphere using GEMINI-SIGMA. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ionospheric irregularities are known to cause fluctuations in radio signals called scintillation in the phase and amplitude of the complex signal. The turbulent structures responsible for the scintillation are a few hundreds of meters to few tens of kilometers scale sizes (intermediate scale sizes). With the growing interest in high latitude scintillation, we would like to investigate the effect of typical physical mechanisms on the radio scintillation. Here we present our modeling studies of Global Positioning System (GPS) scintillation through Kelvin Helmholtz instability (KHI) in the cusp region. For modeling we use the first principles based Geospace Environment Model of Ion-Neutral Interactions (GEMINI) and Satellite-beacon Ionospheric-scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere (SIGMA). We utilize a cusp event study with detailed observations from the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) and scintillations detected from a network of four Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers in Svalbard. The event presents evidences of the role of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in the generation of plasma irregularities and scintillations in the cusp. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the potential role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in producing such scintillation. Furthermore, we compare the results with characteristics of GPS scintillations associated with a polar cap patch and the gradient drift instability to deduce distinctive characteristics of the respective plasma irregularities.

• LaBelle, James; Kletzing, Craig A.; Moen, Jøran Idar; Bounds, Scott; Moser, C. & Oksavik, Kjellmar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). The Cusp Alfven and Plasma Electrodynamics 2 Mission. Full text in Research Archive
• Rowland, Douglas E.; Burchill, Jonathan; Clemmons, J.; Collier, M; Mare, Francesca Di & Hecht, J [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2019). VISIONS-2: Imaging ion energization in the cusp. Full text in Research Archive
• Clemmons, J.; Rowland, Douglas E.; Pfaff, Robert F.; Hecht, J; Collier, M & Moen, Jøran Idar [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2019). Results from a Grand Challenge Initiative-Cusp Mission: VISIONS-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Mare, Francesca Di; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Moen, Jøran Idar (2019). Turbulence observations in the Polar/Cusp Ionosphere using ICI data missions. Full text in Research Archive
• Mare, Francesca Di; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Moen, Jøran Idar (2019). Turbulence observations in the Polar/Cusp Ionosphere using ICI sounding rocket data. Full text in Research Archive
• Røed, Ketil; Moen, Jøran Idar; Mann, Ian R.; Blix, Kolbjørn; jaynes, Allison N. & McWilliams, Kathryn A. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). The CaNoRock Undergraduate Student Rocket School. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Canada-Norway Sounding Rocket student rocket and exchange program CaNoRock, sponsored by the Norwegian Space Centre and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) is a well established and extremely successful student rocket program. Twice a year 20 undergraduates from the participating institutions in Canada and Norway spend a week on site at the Andøya Space center, gaining hands-on experience in sounding rocket and payload instrument design. During this week the students work together in smaller groups to prepare a sounding rocket for flight, they take an active role in the rocket operation, and analyse the data from the rocket which is presented to their peers on the final day. A series of lectures on topics like introduction to rockets and rocket physics, balloons and radiosondes, payload integration, telemetry, and data analysis are also given by the staff at the rocket range. Additional lectures are also offered by the academic staff of the participating institutions, covering their state of the art research on space physics and measurement instrumentation. Besides the technical and scientific skills and theory the students gain during this intensive field school, they also develop soft and inter-cultural skills when working together in smaller teams of mixed nationalities and backgrounds. So far more than 300 Canadian and Norwegian students have participated in the school, and in the most recent editions US students have also been welcomed. The ultimate goal of the CaNoRock school is to inspire students to continue their studies within space physics and technology, and to expand their national and international network motivating them continue with a career in space-related industry or research.

• Mare, Francesca Di; Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Moen, Jøran Idar (2019). Mapping of turbulence at the high-latitude Ionosphere using ICI-2 and ICI-3 sounding rocket data. Full text in Research Archive
• Mann, Ingrid; Moen, Jøran Idar; Blix, Kolbjørn; Fredriksen, Åshild; Graversen, Rune & Havnes, Ove [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). MESOSPHERIC AND MIDDLE ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES IN NORWAY AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  International collaboration can leverage the exploration and scientific investigation of the Earth's middle atmosphere. Northern Norway offers infrastructure for rocket observations, one of the best conditions for optical studies of the polar atmosphere, and infrastructure for observations from ground, including the future advanced multi-static phased array radar project EISCAT_3D. We propose to include this network in an international initiative on mesospheric studies in the form of a large-scale international collaboration effort with coordinated experimental and theoretical research using ground-based instruments, modeling, sounding rocket investigations, and satellite-based instruments. The science questions can include the vertical coupling to the E-region and the lower thermosphere, mesospheric smoke and ice particles, neutral atmosphere dynamics, winds, waves and tides and their influence on coupling of the atmospheric layers, the influence of geomagnetic activity, particle precipitation and possibly dusty plasma phenomena. The initiative which should also include international student participation, could build on experience from the ongoing international grand challenge initiative, GCI cusp and aim to work across disciplines. GCI cusp included a dedicated student rocket (G-CHASER) which was launched early 2019. It has been an exercise in coordination and a precursor for future studies of e.g. aurora and mesospheric smoke, and a feasibility study for new types multipoint high-resolution electron density measurements. The ESA PAC meeting provides an opportunity to discuss future collaborations.

• Moen, Jøran Idar; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Carlson, Herbert C; Spicher, Andres; Bekkeng, Tore Andre & Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). The Investigation of Cusp Irregularities Rocket Program. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). Nordlys: Vakkert, spennende og utfordrende. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Carlson, H. C.; Spicher, Andres; Bekkeng, T. A. & Abe, T [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). The investigation of cusp irregularities rocket program. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). Physics of the Grand Challenge Initiative Cusp Rocket Project. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). Northern Light Research and its relevance for Safety in the Arctic. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar; Hoang, Huy Minh; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock & Trondsen, Espen (2018). The multi-Needle Langmuir probe system for exploration of the global ionosphere. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). Hvordan kan Nordlyset påvirke menneskelig aktivitet som luftfart m.m. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). How to determine GCI Cusp rocket launch conditions by ground based multi-instrument techniques. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). Physics of the Grand Challenge Initiative Cusp Rocket Project. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). Grand Challenge Initiative Cusp Rocket data handling. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). 4DSpace Plasma Turbulence. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek; Jin, Yaqi; Lofstad, Victoria Emilie & Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). Polar cap patch climatology based on Swarm density data. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Moen, Jøran Idar; Hoang, Huy Minh; Røed, Ketil; Trondsen, Espen & Miloch, Wojciech Jacek [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). The Investigation of Cusp irregularities 5 sounding rocket: multi-point measurement of turbulence. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres & Moen, Jøran Idar (2018). How to successfully launch a sounding rocket from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Spicher, Andres; Moen, Jøran Idar; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Miloch, Wojciech Jacek & Blix, Kolbjørn (2018). 4DSpace long term plans towards a multi-satellite M-Class mission. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar & Lynnebakken, Hilde (2017). Norske forskere vil lage «Yr» for romvær. [Journal]. Teknisk ukeblad. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar & Wormdal, Bård (2017). NASA-oppskyting fra Svalbard. [Internet]. NRK Finnmark. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar & Sørgjerd, Christian (2017). NASA skal skyte opp forskningsraketter fra Norge. [Internet]. Aftenposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar & Eriksen, Daniel (2017). NASA og Norge, et romfartseventyr. [Radio]. P2 Ytring. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar & Vogt, Yngve (2017). Eleven rockets set to reveal the mysteries in the Earth's atmosphere. [Internet]. Appollon. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2017). Vision for the International Space Master. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2017). 4DSpace Research at UiO and the Prospect of the Grand Challenge Initiative Cusp Rocket Program. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Jøran Idar (2017). Multi-scale physics, ionosphere space weather challenges for navigation and communication. Full text in Research Archive
• Chapron, Bertrand; Cancet, Mathilde; Collard, Fabrice; Donlon, Craig; Esau, Igor & Korosov, Anton [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2023). D-150 Arktalas Hoavva Science Workshop Report. Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center. Full text in Research Archive

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