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• Watle, Sara Viksmoen; Børud, Bente; Laake, Ida; Baranowska-Hustad, Marta Natalia; Bryant-Bratlie, Diane Lynn & Bekkevold, Terese [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in serum and saliva of Norwegian adolescents. Vaccine. ISSN 0264-410X. 41(44), p. 6529–6537. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.052. Full text in Research Archive
• Næss, Lisbeth Meyer; Maugesten, Ingunn S.; Caugant, Dominique Andree Yvette; Kassu, Afework; Aseffa, Abraham & Børud, Bente (2023). Genetic, Functional, and Immunogenic Analyses of the O-Linked Protein Glycosylation System in Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A ST-7 Isolates. Journal of Bacteriology. ISSN 0021-9193. 205(3). doi: 10.1128/jb.00458-22.
• Wang, Nelson; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Hadjineophytou, Chris; Reinar, William Brynildsen; Børud, Bente & Vik, Åshild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Allelic polymorphisms in a glycosyltransferase gene shape glycan repertoire in the O-linked protein glycosylation system of Neisseria. Glycobiology. ISSN 0959-6658. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa073. Full text in Research Archive
• Børud, Bente; Bårnes, Guro Kristine; Brynildsrud, Ola Brønstad; Fritzsønn, Elisabeth & Caugant, Dominique A (2018). Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the O-linked protein glycosylation system reveals high glycan diversity in paired meningococcal carriage isolates. Journal of Bacteriology. ISSN 0021-9193. 200(16). doi: 10.1128/JB.00794-17. Full text in Research Archive
• Bårnes, Guro Kristine; Brynildsrud, Ola Brønstad; Børud, Bente; Workalemahu, Bereket; Kristiansen, Paul Arne & Beyene, Demissew Balcha [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Whole genome sequencing reveals within-host genetic changes in paired meningococcal carriage isolates from Ethiopia. BMC Genomics. ISSN 1471-2164. 18. doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-3806-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Meningococcal colonization is a prerequisite for transmission and disease, but the bacterium only very infrequently causes disease while asymptomatic carriage is common. Carriage is highly dynamic, showing a great variety across time and space within and across populations, but also within individuals. The understanding of genetic changes in the meningococcus during carriage, when the bacteria resides in its natural niche, is important for understanding not only the carriage state, but the dynamics of the entire meningococcal population. Results Paired meningococcal isolates, obtained from 50 asymptomatic carriers about 2 months apart were analyzed with whole genome sequencing (WGS). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most paired isolates from the same individual were closely related, and the average and median number of allelic differences between paired isolates defined as the same strain was 35. About twice as many differences were seen between isolates from different individuals within the same sequence type (ST). In 8%, different strains were detected at different time points. A difference in ST was observed in 6%, including an individual who was found to carry three different STs over the course of 9 weeks. One individual carried different strains from the same ST. In total, 566 of 1605 cgMLST genes had undergone within-host genetic changes in one or more pairs. The most frequently changed cgMLST gene was relA that was changed in 47% of pairs. Across the whole genome, pilE, differed mostly, in 85% of the pairs. The most frequent mechanisms of genetic difference between paired isolates were phase variation and recombination, including gene conversion. Different STs showed variation with regard to which genes that were most frequently changed, mostly due to absence/presence of phase variation.

• Anonsen, Jan Haug; Børud, Bente; Vik, Åshild; Viburiene, Raimonda & Koomey, Michael (2017). Structural and genetic analyses of glycan O-acetylation in a bacterial protein glycosylation system: evidence for differential effects on glycan chain length. Glycobiology. ISSN 0959-6658. 27(9), p. 888–899. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwx032. Full text in Research Archive
• Anonsen, Jan Haug; Vik, Åshild; Børud, Bente; Viburiene, Raimonda; Aas, Finn Erik & Kidd, Shani Wilhelmina Aarek [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Characterization of a unique tetrasaccharide and distinct glycoproteome in the O-linked protein glycosylation system of Neisseria elongata subsp. glycolytica. Journal of Bacteriology. ISSN 0021-9193. 198(2), p. 256–267. doi: 10.1128/JB.00620-15.
• Børud, Bente; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Viburiene, Raimonda; Cohen, Ellen Hanne; Samuelsen, Anne Berit C. & Koomey, Michael (2014). Extended glycan diversity in a bacterial protein glycosylation system linked to allelic polymorphisms and minimal genetic alterations in a glycosyltransferase gene. Molecular Microbiology. ISSN 0950-382X. Volume 94(3), p. 688–699. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12789. Show summary

  Glycans manifest in conjunction with the broad spectrum O-linked protein glycosylation in species within the genus Neisseria display intra- and interstrain diversity. Variability in glycan structure and antigenicity are attributable to differences in the content and expression status of glycan synthesis genes. Given the high degree of standing allelic polymorphisms in these genes, the level of glycan diversity may exceed that currently defined. Here, we identify unique protein-associated disaccharide glycoforms that carry N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at their non-reducing end. This altered structure was correlated with allelic variants of pglH whose product was previously demonstrated to be responsible for the expression of glucose (Glc)-containing disaccharides. Allele comparisons and site-specific mutagenesis showed that the presence of a single residue, alanine at position 303 in place of a glutamine, was sufficient for GlcNAc versus Glc incorporation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that GlcNAc-containing disaccharides may be widely distributed within the pgl systems of Neisseria particularly in strains of N. meningitidis. Although analogous minimal structural alterations in glycosyltransferases have been documented in association with lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide variability, this appears to be the first example in which such changes have been implicated in glycan diversification within a bacterial protein glycosylation system.

• Viburiene, Raimonda; Vik, Åshild; Børud, Bente & Koomey, Michael (2013). Allelic Variation in a Simple Sequence Repeat Element of Neisserial pglB2 and Its Consequences for Protein Expression and Protein Glycosylation. Journal of Bacteriology. ISSN 0021-9193. 195(15), p. 3476–3485. doi: 10.1128/JB.00276-13.
• Vik, Åshild; Aspholm, Marina; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Børud, Bente; Roos, Norbert & Koomey, Michael (2012). Insights into type IV pilus biogenesis and dynamics from genetic analysis of a C-terminally tagged pilin: a role for O-linked glycosylation. Molecular Microbiology. ISSN 0950-382X. 85(6), p. 1166–1178. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08166.x.
• Johannessen, Camilla; Koomey, Michael & Børud, Bente (2012). Hypomorphic glycosyltransferase alleles and recoding at contingency Loci influence glycan microheterogeneity in the protein glycosylation system of Neisseria species. Journal of Bacteriology. ISSN 0021-9193. 194(18), p. 5034–5043. doi: 10.1128/JB.00950-12.
• Anonsen, Jan Haug; Jacobsen, Wolfgang Mathias; Aas, Finn Erik; Børud, Bente; Koomey, Michael & Vik, Åshild (2012). Novel protein substrates of the phospho-form modification system in neisseria gonorrhoeae and their connection to O-linked protein glycosylation. Infection and Immunity. ISSN 0019-9567. 80(1), p. 22–30. doi: 10.1128/IAI.05920-11.
• Hartley, Meredith D; Morrison, MJ; Aas, Finn Erik; Børud, Bente; Koomey, Michael & Imperiali, Barbara (2011). Biochemical Characterization of the O-Linked Glycosylation Pathway in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Responsible for Biosynthesis of Protein Glycans Containing N,N '-Diacetylbacillosamine. Biochemistry. ISSN 0006-2960. 50(22), p. 4936–4948. doi: 10.1021/bi2003372.
• Børud, Bente; Viburiene, Raimonda; Hartley, Meredith D; Paulsen, Berit Smestad; Jacobsen, Wolfgang Mathias & Imperiali, Barbara [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Genetic and molecular analyses reveal an evolutionary trajectory for glycan synthesis in a bacterial protein glycosylation system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 108(23), p. 9643–9648. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103321108.
• Børud, Bente; Aas, Finn Erik; Vik, Åshild; Winther-Larsen, Hanne Cecilie; Jacobsen, Wolfgang Mathias & Koomey, Michael (2010). Genetic, Structural, and Antigenic Analyses of Glycan Diversity in the O-Linked Protein Glycosylation Systems of Human Neisseria Species. Journal of Bacteriology. ISSN 0021-9193. 192(11), p. 2816–2829. doi: 10.1128/JB.00101-10.
• Hoang, Tuyen; Fenne, Ingvild Sveinsgjerd; Cook, Carol Ann; Børud, Bente; Bakke, Marit & Lien, Ernst Asbjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation and subcellular localization of the nuclear receptor coactivator GRIP1. Journal of Biological Chemistry. ISSN 0021-9258. 279(47), p. 49120–49130.
• Mellgren, Gunnar; Børud, Bente; Hoang, Tuyen Thi Van; Yri, Olav Erich; Fladeby, Cathrine & Lien, Ernst Asbjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2003). Characterization of receptor-interacting protein RIP140 in the regulation of SF-1 responsive target genes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. ISSN 0303-7207. 203, p. 91–103.
• Børud, Bente; Mellgren, Gunnar; Lund, Johan & Bakke, Marit (2003). Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Zinc Finger Protein that Modulates the Transcriptional Activity of Nuclear Receptors. Molecular Endocrinology. ISSN 0888-8809. 17(11), p. 2303–2319.
• Børud, Bente; Hoang, Tuyen Thi Van; Bakke, Marit; Jacob, Anne Lilybert J; Lund, Johan & Mellgren, Gunnar (2002). The Nuclear Receptor Coactivators p300/CBP/Cointegrator-Associated Protein (p/CIP) and Transcription Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2) Differentially Regulate PKA-Stimulated Transcriptional Activity of Steroidogenic Factor 1. Molecular Endocrinology. ISSN 0888-8809. 16(4), p. 757–773.
• Lund, Johan; Børud, Bente; Mellgren, Gunnar; Æsøy, Reidun; Hoang, Tuyen Thi Van & Jacob, Anne Lilybert J [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2002). Differential regulation of SF-1-cofactor interactions. Endocrine Research. ISSN 0743-5800. 28(4), p. 505–513.
• Lund, Johan; Børud, Bente; Mellgren, Gunnar; Æsøy, Reidun; Hoang, Tuyen Thi Van & Jacob, Anne L. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2002). Differential regulation of SF-1-cofactor interactions. Endocrine Research. ISSN 0743-5800. doi: 10.1081/erc-120016830.

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• Viburiene, Raimonda; Børud, Bente; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Vik, Åshild & Koomey, Michael (2014). Status and strategies for vaccine prevention of gonorrhoea.
• Viburiene, Raimonda; Børud, Bente; Vik, Åshild; Anonsen, Jan Haug & Koomey, Michael (2014). Genetic, structural, and phylogenetic studies of the general O-linked protein glycosylation system in Neisseria.
• Viburiene, Raimonda; Børud, Bente; Vik, Åshild; Anonsen, Jan Haug & Koomey, Michael (2014). Genetic, structural, and phylogenetic studies of the general O-linked protein glycosylation system in Neisseria.
• Viburiene, Raimonda; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Vik, Åshild; Koomey, Michael & Børud, Bente (2014). Identification and functional characterization of a split ORF variants of the bifunctional PglB and PglB2 glycosylation proteins in Neisseria.
• Anonsen, Jan Haug; Børud, Bente & Koomey, Michael (2013). Mass spectrometry based investigation of post-translational modification systems in Neisseria.
• Anonsen, Jan Haug; Vik, Åshild; Børud, Bente; Aas, Finn Erik; Viburiene, Raimonda & Moen, Anders [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Mass spectrometry based investigation of post-translational modification systems in Neisseria.
• Anonsen, Jan Haug; Børud, Bente & Koomey, Michael (2013). Mass spectrometry based investigation of post-translational modification systems in Neisseria.
• Børud, Bente; Viburiene, Raimonda; Johannessen, Camilla & Koomey, Michael (2012). Intrinsic genetic interactions and their role in the evolution ofglycan repertoire and microheterogeneity.
• Børud, Bente; Viburiene, Raimonda; Hartley, Meredith D; Paulsen, Berit Smestad; Egge-Jacobsen, Wolfgang & Imperiali, Barbara [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Genetic and molecular analyses reveal an evolutionary trajectory for glycan synthesis in a bacterial protein glycosylation system.
• Børud, Bente; Viburiene, Raimonda; Aas, Finn Erik; Vik, Åshild; Hartley, Meredith D & Egge-Jacobsen, Wolfgang [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Neisseria species as a model system for bacterial O-linked protein glycosylation.
• Koomey, Michael; Viburiene, Raimonda; Aas, Finn Erik; Vik, Åshild; Anonsen, Jan Haug & Egge-Jacobsen, Wolfgang [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Bacterial O-linked protein glycosylation: the perspective from within the genus Neisseria.
• Børud, Bente; Aas, Finn Erik; Vik, Åshild; Egge-Jacobsen, Wolfgang & Koomey, Michael (2009). Glycomic and genetic strategies define glycoprotein carbohydrate diversity in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and related species.
• Mellgren, Gunnar; Børud, Bente; Æsøy, Reidun; Hoang, Tuyen Thi Van; Bakke, Marit & Lien, Ernst Asbjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2002). Steroidogenesis - Role of Steroidogenic factor-1 and interacting nuclear receptor coregulators.
• Børud, Bente; Mellgren, Gunnar; Lund, Johan & Bakke, Marit (2002). Cloning and characterization of a novel zinc-finger protein that represses the activity of Steroidognic Factor-1.
• Børud, Bente; Hoang, Tuyen Thi Van; Bakke, Marit; Jacob, Anne Lilybert J; Lund, Johan & Mellgren, Gunnar (2002). Differential regulation of SF-1 dependent transcriptional activity by p160-coactivators.
• Børud, Bente; Mellgren, Gunnar; Jacob, Anne Lilybert J; Bakke, Marit & Lund, Johan (2001). The nuclear receptor coactivators p/CIP and TIF2 that differentially regulate the PKA dependent transcriptional activity of Steroidogenic Factor-1. Show summary

  Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays an essential role in the development of endocrine organs. Coactivators and corepressors are important in the transcriptional regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors. SRC-1 and TIF2 belongs to the SRC family of coactivators and are required for transcriptional regulation by several nuclear receptors including SF-1. Here we demonstrate that another SRC-related coactivator, p/CIP, interacts with SF-1, and that the interaction requires the carboxy-terminal activation function-2 (AF-2) domain of SF-1. By transfection studies performed in an adrenocortical cell line (Y1) and nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells it is shown that both p/CIP and TIF2 potentates SF-1 mediated transactivation of a reporter construct under the control of the SF-1 binding site (CRS2) from the bovine CYP17 gene. Cotransfection with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) demonstrated that increased PKA activity further stimulated the positive effect of p/CIP. In contrast, PKA markedly inhibited the positive effect of TIF2 on the transcriptional activity of SF-1. The AF-2 domain of SF-1 is required for the coactivating effect of both p/CIP and TIF2. However, the interaction between TIF2 and SF-1 differed from that of p/CIP and SF-1 with respect to the amino acid requirements within the AF-2 domain. Based on these results, we suggest that TIF2 acts by a mechanism distinct from that by which the other members of the SRC family to regulate the transcriptional activity of SF-1.

• Børud, Bente; Lund, Johan & Bakke, Marit (2001). Cloning and characterization of a novel SF-1 interacting protein. Show summary

  Steroidogenic Factor-1 is a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family that acts as a transcription factor to regulate transcription of several genes involved in adrenal and gonadal development and steroidogenesis. A yeast two-hybrid screen with SF-1 as a bait was initiated to search for proteins that interact with SF-1 and further regulate transcription of the SF-1 target genes. An unknown sequence was isolated from a human testis library in this yeast two-hybrid screen. The full-length cDNA was then cloned from a lambda library, and a BLAST search revealed that this gene is localized to the human chromosome 19 and contains 9 exons. The predicted protein contains 615 amino acids and five C2H2 zinc fingers. The interaction with SF-1 is dependent on the activation function-2 domain (AF-2) of SF-1. Northern hybridization and In situ hybridization demonstrated coexpression with SF-1 in the testis and the adrenals. Transfection experiments in adrenal cortical Y1 cells indicate that the possible function of this novel SF-1 interacting protein is repression of the SF-1 target genes Cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylase-17a (CYP17) and the Cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (CYP11A). ________________________________________

• Mellgren, Gunnar; Børud, Bente; Yri, Olav Erik; Fladeby, Cathrine; Lien, Ernst Asbjørn & Lund, Johan (2001). Receptor Interacting Protein RIP140 inhibits transcriptional activity of Steroidogenic factor-1.
• Mellgren, Gunnar; Børud, Bente; Yri, Olav Erik; Fladeby, Cathrine; Lien, Ernst Asbjørn & Lund, Johan (2001). Receptor Interacting Protein RIP140 inhibits transcriptional activity of Steroidogenic factor–1.
• Børud, Bente; Jacob, Anne Lilybert J; Lund, Johan & Mellgren, Gunnar (2000). Steroidogenic factor-1 interacts with the coactivators p/CIP and TIF2 through different amino acids of the activation function-2 domain.
• Børud, Bente; Mellgren, Gunnar & Lund, Johan (2000). Steroidogenic factor-1 interacts with the coactivator p/CIP (2000).
• Børud, Bente (2002). Transcriptional regulation by Steroidogenic Factor-1 and Interacting Coregulators. Universitetet i Bergen.

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