William Ryan Easterday

• Cui, Yujun; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Cao, Hanli; Dai, Xiang; Du, Zhongmin; Easterday, William Ryan; Fang, Haihong; Guo, Chenying; Huang, Shanqian; Liu, Wanbing; Qi, Zhizhen; Song, Yajun; Tian, Huaiyu; Wang, Min; Wu, Yarong; Xu, Bing; Yang, Chao; Yang, Jing; Yang, Xianwei; Zhang, Qingwen; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Zhang, Yujiang; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Yang, Ruifu (2020). Evolutionary selection of biofilm-mediated extended phenotypes in Yersinia pestis in response to a fluctuating environment. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  11 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14099-w Full text in Research Archive.
• Nilsson, Pernille; Solbakken, Monica Hongrø; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Orr, Russell; Lv, Ruichen; Cui, Yujun; Song, Yajun; Zhang, Yujiang; Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Tørresen, Ole K.; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Yang, Ruifu; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Easterday, William Ryan & Jentoft, Sissel (2020). The Genome of the Great Gerbil Reveals Species-Specific Duplication of an MHCII Gene. Genome Biology and Evolution.  ISSN 1759-6653.  12(2), s 3832- 3849 . doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaa008 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bruce, Spencer A; Schiraldi, Nicholas J; Kamath, Pauline L.; Easterday, William Ryan & Turner, Wendy C. (2019). A classification framework for Bacillus anthracis defined by global genomic structure. Evolutionary Applications.  ISSN 1752-4571.  s 1- 10 . doi: 10.1111/eva.12911 Full text in Research Archive.
• Carlson, Colin; Getz, Wayne M.; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Cizauskas, Carrie A.; Blackburn, Jason K.; Bustos Carrillo, Fausto A; Colwell, Rita; Easterday, William Ryan; Ganz, Holly H.; Kamath, Pauline L.; Økstad, Ole Andreas Løchen; Turner, Wendy Christine; Kolstø, Anne-Brit & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2018). Spores and soil from six sides: interdisciplinarity and the environmental biology of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). Biological Reviews.  ISSN 1464-7931.  93(4), s 1813- 1831 . doi: 10.1111/brv.12420
• Mysterud, Atle; Stigum, Vetle Malmer; Seland, Ingrid Vikingsdal; Herland, Anders; Easterday, William Ryan; Jore, Solveig; Østerås, Olav & Viljugrein, Hildegunn (2018). Tick abundance, pathogen prevalence, and disease incidence in two contrasting regions at the northern distribution range of Europe. Parasites & Vectors.  ISSN 1756-3305.  11 . doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2890-9 Full text in Research Archive.
• Valseth, Karoline; Nesbø, Camilla Lothe; Easterday, William Ryan; Turner, Wendy Christine; Olsen, Jaran Strand; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus (2017). Temporal dynamics in microbial soil communities at anthrax carcass sites. BMC Microbiology.  ISSN 1471-2180.  17(206), s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-1111-6 Full text in Research Archive.
• Mysterud, Atle; Easterday, William Ryan; Stigum, Vetle Malmer; Aas, Anders Bjørnsgard; Meisingset, Erling L. & Viljugrein, Hildegunn (2016). Contrasting emergence of Lyme disease across ecosystems. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  7 . doi: 10.1038/ncomms11882 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Global environmental changes are causing Lyme disease to emerge in Europe. The life cycle of Ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of Lyme disease, involves an ontogenetic niche shift, from the larval and nymphal stages utilizing a wide range of hosts, picking up the pathogens causing Lyme disease from small vertebrates, to the adult stage depending on larger (non-transmission) hosts, typically deer. Because of this complexity the role of different host species for emergence of Lyme disease remains controversial. Here, by analysing long-term data on incidence in humans over a broad geographical scale in Norway, we show that both high spatial and temporal deer population density increase Lyme disease incidence. However, the trajectories of deer population sizes play an overall limited role for the recent emergence of the disease. Our study suggests that managing deer populations will have some effect on disease incidence, but that Lyme disease may nevertheless increase as multiple drivers are involved.

• Turner, Wendy Christine; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Beyer, Wolfgang; Easterday, William Ryan; Barandongo, Zoe R.; Blaschke, Elisabeth; Cloete, Claudine Catherine; Lazak, Judith; Van Ert, Matthew N.; Ganz, Holly H.; Turnbull, Peter C.B.; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Getz, Wayne M. (2016). Lethal exposure: An integrated approach to pathogen transmission via environmental reservoirs. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  6 . doi: 10.1038/srep27311
• Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Büntgen, Ulf; Easterday, William Ryan; Ginzler, Christian; Walløe, Lars; Bramanti, Barbara & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2015). Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  112(10), s 3020- 3025 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1412887112
• Mysterud, Atle; Easterday, William Ryan; Qviller, Lars; Viljugrein, Hildegunn & Ytrehus, Bjørnar (2013). Spatial and seasonal variation in the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in Norway. Parasites & Vectors.  ISSN 1756-3305.  6(187) . doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-187 Full text in Research Archive.
• Easterday, William Ryan; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Star, Bastiaan; Heier, Lise; Haley, B. J.; Ageyev, Vladimir; Colwell, Rita & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2012). An additional step in the transmission of Yersinia pestis?. The ISME Journal.  ISSN 1751-7362.  6(2), s 231- 236 . doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.105

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• Freid, David & Easterday, William Ryan (2017, 06. september). Nobody Dies in Longyearbyen. [Internett].  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyrjDpkX6nA.
• Valseth, Karoline; Nesbø, Camilla Lothe; Easterday, William Ryan; Turner, Wendy Christine; Olsen, Jaran Strand; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus (2016). Draft Genome Sequences of Two Bacillus anthracis Strains from Etosha National Park, Namibia.. Microbiology Resource Announcements (MRA).  ISSN 2169-8287.  4(4) . doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00861-16
• Cloete, Claudine Catherine; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Easterday, William Ryan; Turner, Wendy Christine & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2014). Climate fluctuations and zoonotic diseases – The case of anthrax in Etosha National Park.
• Nilsson, Pernille; Easterday, William Ryan; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Jentoft, Sissel; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Zhange, Yujiang; yang, Ruifu & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2014). Plague and the Chinese experience – how to collaborate and work in China.
• Skar Mjønes, Caroline; Easterday, William Ryan & Mysterud, Atle (2014). Developing a targeted method for capturing DNA from ticks for genome sequencing of Borrelia.
• Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Buntgen, U; Easterday, William Ryan; Ginzler, Christian; Walløe, Lars; Bramanti, Barbara & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2013). The pulse of Asia: The Black Death and successive reintroductions of plague into Europe.
• Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Боровая, Наталья; Easterday, William Ryan; Star, Bastiaan & Ageyev, Vladimir (2010, 01. august). Умы против чумы.  Almaty, Kazakhstan. Show summary

  Свидание с дикой природой, будь то леса, горы, степи и пустыни, оставляет неизгладимый след в душе человека. Вглядываясь в ночное небо, усыпанное мириадами звёзд, он ощущает себя крохотной частицей миро-здания, задумывается о вечности и своём месте во Вселенной. Ночные за-пахи, шорохи и слабое дуновение ветра ока- зывают усыпляющее действие, и путник плавно погружается в блаженный сон. Однако не всегда природа бы- вает ласковой матерью для человека. Незнание медико-биологических особенностей посещаемой территории и забвение элементарных правил поведения на местности может привести к непоправимым последствиям.

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