William Ryan Easterday

• Easterday, William Ryan; Ponciano, José Miguel; Gomez, Juan Pablo; Van Ert, Matthew N.; Hadfield, Ted & Bagamian, Karoun [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Coalescence modeling of intrainfection Bacillus anthracis populations allows estimation of infection parameters in wild populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 117(8), p. 4273–4280. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1920790117. Full text in Research Archive
• Cui, Yujun; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Cao, Hanli; Dai, Xiang; Du, Zhongmin & Easterday, William Ryan [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2020). Evolutionary selection of biofilm-mediated extended phenotypes in Yersinia pestis in response to a fluctuating environment. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 11, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14099-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsson, Pernille; Solbakken, Monica Hongrø; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Orr, Russell; Lv, Ruichen & Cui, Yujun [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). The Genome of the Great Gerbil Reveals Species-Specific Duplication of an MHCII Gene. Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE). ISSN 1759-6653. 12(2), p. 3832–3849. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaa008. Full text in Research Archive
• Bruce, Spencer A; Schiraldi, Nicholas J; Kamath, Pauline L.; Easterday, William Ryan & Turner, Wendy C. (2019). A classification framework for Bacillus anthracis defined by global genomic structure. Evolutionary Applications. ISSN 1752-4571. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/eva.12911. Full text in Research Archive
• Carlson, Colin; Getz, Wayne M.; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Cizauskas, Carrie A.; Blackburn, Jason K. & Bustos Carrillo, Fausto A [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2018). Spores and soil from six sides: interdisciplinarity and the environmental biology of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). Biological Reviews. ISSN 1464-7931. 93(4), p. 1813–1831. doi: 10.1111/brv.12420.
• Mysterud, Atle; Stigum, Vetle Malmer; Seland, Ingrid Vikingsdal; Herland, Anders; Easterday, William Ryan & Jore, Solveig [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Tick abundance, pathogen prevalence, and disease incidence in two contrasting regions at the northern distribution range of Europe. Parasites & Vectors. ISSN 1756-3305. 11. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2890-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Valseth, Karoline; Nesbø, Camilla Lothe; Easterday, William Ryan; Turner, Wendy Christine; Olsen, Jaran Strand & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2017). Temporal dynamics in microbial soil communities at anthrax carcass sites. BMC Microbiology. ISSN 1471-2180. 17(206), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-1111-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Mysterud, Atle; Easterday, William Ryan; Stigum, Vetle Malmer; Aas, Anders Bjørnsgard; Meisingset, Erling L. & Viljugrein, Hildegunn (2016). Contrasting emergence of Lyme disease across ecosystems. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 7. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11882. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Global environmental changes are causing Lyme disease to emerge in Europe. The life cycle of Ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of Lyme disease, involves an ontogenetic niche shift, from the larval and nymphal stages utilizing a wide range of hosts, picking up the pathogens causing Lyme disease from small vertebrates, to the adult stage depending on larger (non-transmission) hosts, typically deer. Because of this complexity the role of different host species for emergence of Lyme disease remains controversial. Here, by analysing long-term data on incidence in humans over a broad geographical scale in Norway, we show that both high spatial and temporal deer population density increase Lyme disease incidence. However, the trajectories of deer population sizes play an overall limited role for the recent emergence of the disease. Our study suggests that managing deer populations will have some effect on disease incidence, but that Lyme disease may nevertheless increase as multiple drivers are involved.

• Turner, Wendy Christine; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Beyer, Wolfgang; Easterday, William Ryan; Barandongo, Zoe R. & Blaschke, Elisabeth [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2016). Lethal exposure: An integrated approach to pathogen transmission via environmental reservoirs. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 6. doi: 10.1038/srep27311.
• Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Büntgen, Ulf; Easterday, William Ryan; Ginzler, Christian; Walløe, Lars & Bramanti, Barbara [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 112(10), p. 3020–3025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1412887112.
• Mysterud, Atle; Easterday, William Ryan; Qviller, Lars; Viljugrein, Hildegunn & Ytrehus, Bjørnar (2013). Spatial and seasonal variation in the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in Norway. Parasites & Vectors. ISSN 1756-3305. 6(187). doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-187. Full text in Research Archive
• Easterday, William Ryan; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Star, Bastiaan; Heier, Lise; Haley, B. J. & Ageyev, Vladimir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). An additional step in the transmission of Yersinia pestis? The ISME Journal. ISSN 1751-7362. 6(2), p. 231–236. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.105.

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• Easterday, William Ryan; de Muinck, Eric & Stigum, Vetle Malmer (2021). the not so straight-forward way of generating long reads on the PacBio.
• Kausrud, Kyrre; Lagesen, Karin; Easterday, William Ryan; Whittington, Jason; Turner, Wendy Christine & Wolff, Cecilia Mia [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). How much time have we got? ARPHA Conference Abstracts. ISSN 2603-3925. doi: 10.3897/aca.4.e68934.
• Kausrud, Kyrre; Turner, Wendy C.; Easterday, William Ryan; Feiring, Marie; Skjerdal, Taran & Whittington, Jason [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Evolving at the speed of risk.
• Easterday, William Ryan (2020). The first step in the success or failure of emerging pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2020709117.
• Røsjø, Bjarne & Easterday, William Ryan (2020). Hvor mange korona-virus trengs for å gjøre deg syk? [Internet]. https://titan.uio.no/livsvitenskap-naturvitenskap-medisin/20.
• Nave, Oline Birgitte & Easterday, William Ryan (2020). Kaldere vær og mer innetid: Slik kan corona-høsten bli. [Newspaper]. https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/vAm8aX/kaldere-vaer-og.
• Freid, David & Easterday, William Ryan (2017). Nobody Dies in Longyearbyen. [Internet]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyrjDpkX6nA.
• Valseth, Karoline; Nesbø, Camilla Lothe; Easterday, William Ryan; Turner, Wendy Christine; Olsen, Jaran Strand & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2016). Draft Genome Sequences of Two Bacillus anthracis Strains from Etosha National Park, Namibia. Microbiology Resource Announcements (MRA). ISSN 2169-8287. 4(4). doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00861-16.
• Skar Mjønes, Caroline; Easterday, William Ryan & Mysterud, Atle (2014). Developing a targeted method for capturing DNA from ticks for genome sequencing of Borrelia.
• Cloete, Claudine Catherine; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Easterday, William Ryan; Turner, Wendy Christine & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2014). Climate fluctuations and zoonotic diseases – The case of anthrax in Etosha National Park.
• Nilsson, Pernille; Easterday, William Ryan; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Jentoft, Sissel; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Zhange, Yujiang [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Plague and the Chinese experience – how to collaborate and work in China.
• Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Buntgen, U; Easterday, William Ryan; Ginzler, Christian; Walløe, Lars & Bramanti, Barbara [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). The pulse of Asia: The Black Death and successive reintroductions of plague into Europe.
• Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Боровая, Наталья; Easterday, William Ryan; Star, Bastiaan & Ageyev, Vladimir (2010). Умы против чумы. [Newspaper]. Almaty, Kazakhstan. Show summary

  Свидание с дикой природой, будь то леса, горы, степи и пустыни, оставляет неизгладимый след в душе человека. Вглядываясь в ночное небо, усыпанное мириадами звёзд, он ощущает себя крохотной частицей миро-здания, задумывается о вечности и своём месте во Вселенной. Ночные за-пахи, шорохи и слабое дуновение ветра ока- зывают усыпляющее действие, и путник плавно погружается в блаженный сон. Однако не всегда природа бы- вает ласковой матерью для человека. Незнание медико-биологических особенностей посещаемой территории и забвение элементарных правил поведения на местности может привести к непоправимым последствиям.

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