Martin Georg Skjæveland

• Lyu, Qianhang; Zhou, Baifan; Skjæveland, Martin Georg; Kamburjan, Eduard; Schüller, Andreas & Cameron, David B. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2026). A system information modelling method in the cross-disciplinary project collaboration context for industrial digitalisation. Scientific Reports. 16. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-51522-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Industrial digitalisation for project management (PM) is a promising strategy for organising knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to successfully complete projects. However, system information modelling (SIM), as a key approach that enables the digitalisation of industrial systems, is often applied separately without a PM context. This situation results in fragmentation of project information and hinders collaboration among stakeholders. Limited research has explored on integrating SIM technologies and PM principles. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes IMF-PM, a SIM methodology that integrates the Information Modelling Framework (IMF) with Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) standards for digitalisation in the context of cross-disciplinary project collaboration. IMF-PM provides an engineer-friendly, multi-aspect language that enables cross-disciplinary modelling within a unified framework, while also supporting Resource Description Framework (RDF) serialisation for digitalisation. We present an industrial case study of a gas cooling system, providing exploratory practical evidence of function-implementation consistency and non-destructive integration. The case study and comparative analysis provide exploratory evidence of the practical utility of IMF-PM for interdisciplinary coordination, traceability, and project information integration in cross-disciplinary industrial projects. This research provides a new paradigm for project information digitalisation in the industry.

• Lyu, Qianhang; Skjæveland, Martin Georg; Li, Siqi; Rao, Yunqing; Soylu, Ahmet & Kiritsis, Dimitris [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Generating Explainable and Verified Product Information Models From Industrial Documentation. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. ISSN 1530-9827. 26. doi: 10.1115/1.4071963. Full text in Research Archive
• Lyu, Qianhang; Li, Siqi; Skjæveland, Martin G; Rao, Yunqing; Waaler, Arild Torolv Søetorp & Zhou, Baifan (2025). An LLM-Aided System Information Modelling Methodology Applied in Tennessee Eastman Case. IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics. ISSN 1935-4576. doi: 10.1109/INDIN64977.2025.11279579. Full text in Research Archive
• Lyu, Qianhang; Skjæveland, Martin G; Zhou, Yan; Rao, Yunqing; Waaler, Arild Torolv Søetorp & Zhou, Baifan (2025). IMF-PM: Integrating System Information Modelling and Project Management for Industrial Digitalisation. In Pang, Zhibo & Vyarkin, Valeriy (Ed.), 2025 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9798331511227. doi: 10.1109/INDIN64977.2025.11279421. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the context of Industry 4.0 and digital transformation, project management (PM) and system information modelling (SIM) are two key approaches for managing complex, crossdisciplinary industrial systems. However, these approaches are often applied separately, and limited research has explored their integration. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes the IMF-PM methodology, integrating the Information Modelling Framework (IMF) with the PMBOK project management standard, to enable structured, and model-based project management. IMF-PM features an engineer-friendly, multi-aspect modelling language that captures product, function, and attribute information across disciplines. Its simple yet expressive elements enable engineers from different disciplines to model systems within a unified framework, promoting interoperability and collaboration. Additionally, the method supports semantic serialisation into RDF triples, enhancing digitalisation and supporting the creation of digital twins of real-world systems. The approach is demonstrated through a real-world use case on designing a high-temperature gas cooling system and compared against alternative methods to highlight its practical advantages.

• Skjæveland, Martin G; Balog, Krisztian; Bernard, Nolwenn; Lajewska, Weronika & Linjordet, Trond (2024). An ecosystem for personal knowledge graphs: A survey and research roadmap. AI Open. 5, p. 55–69. doi: 10.1016/j.aiopen.2024.01.003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents an ecosystem for personal knowledge graphs (PKGs), commonly defined as resources of structured information about entities related to an individual, their attributes, and the relations between them. PKGs are a key enabler of secure and sophisticated personal data management and personalized services. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed before PKGs can achieve widespread adoption. One of the fundamental challenges is the very definition of what constitutes a PKG, as there are multiple interpretations of the term. We propose our own definition of a PKG, emphasizing the aspects of (1) data ownership by a single individual and (2) the delivery of personalized services as the primary purpose. We further argue that a holistic view of PKGs is needed to unlock their full potential, and propose a unified framework for PKGs, where the PKG is a part of a larger ecosystem with clear interfaces towards data services and data sources. A comprehensive survey and synthesis of existing work is conducted, with a mapping of the surveyed work into the proposed unified ecosystem. Finally, we identify open challenges and research opportunities for the ecosystem as a whole, as well as for the specific aspects of PKGs, which include population, representation and management, and utilization.

• Bernard, Nolwenn; Kostric, Ivica; Lajewska, Weronika; Balog, Krisztian; Galuscakova, Petra & Setty, Vinay [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). PKG API: A Tool for Personal Knowledge Graph Management, WWW '24 : Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400701726. p. 1051–1054. doi: 10.1145/3589335.3651247. Full text in Research Archive
• Kindermann, Christian & Skjæveland, Martin G (2022). A Survey of Syntactic Modelling Structures in Biomedical Ontologies, The Semantic Web – ISWC 2022. Springer. ISSN 9783031194320. p. 445–461. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-19433-7_26. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Despite the large-scale uptake of semantic technologies in the biomedical domain, little is known about common modelling practices in published ontologies. OWL ontologies are often published only in the crude form of sets of axioms leaving the underlying design opaque. However, a principled and systematic ontology development life cycle is likely to be reflected in regularities of the ontology’s emergent syntactic structure. To develop an understanding of this emergent structure, we propose to reverse-engineer ontologies taking a syntax-directed approach for identifying and analysing regularities for axioms and sets of axioms. We survey BioPortal in terms of syntactic modelling trends and common practices for OWL axioms and class frames. Our findings suggest that biomedical ontologies only share simple syntactic structures in which OWL constructors are not deeply nested or combined in a complex manner. While such simple structures often account for large proportions of axioms in a given ontology, many ontologies also contain non-trivial amounts of more complex syntactic structures that are not common across ontologies.

• Balog, Krisztian; Mirza, Paramita; Skjæveland, Martin G & Wang, Zhilin (2022). Report on the Workshop on Personal Knowledge Graphs (PKG 2021) at AKBC 2021. SIGIR Forum. ISSN 0163-5840. 56(1). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The term personal knowledge graph (PKG) has been broadly used to refer to structured representation of information about a given user, primarily in the form of entities that are personally related to the user. The potential of personal knowledge graphs as a means of managing and organizing personal data, as well as a source of background knowledge for personalizing downstream services, has recently gained increasing attention from researchers in multiple fields, including that of Information Retrieval, Natural Language Processing, and the Semantic Web. The goal of the PKG’21 workshop was to create a forum for researchers and practitioners from diverse areas to present and discuss methods, tools, techniques, and experiences related to the construction and use of personal knowledge graphs, identify open questions, and create a shared research agenda. It successfully brought about a diverse workshop program, comprising an invited keynote, paper presentations, and breakout discussions, as a half-day event at the 3rd Automated Knowledge Base Construction (AKBC’21) conference. The workshop demonstrated that while the concept and research field of personal knowledge graphs is still in its early stages, there are many promising avenues of future development and research that already, and independently, have attracted the interest of several different communities.

• Kindermann, Christian; Lupp, Daniel P.; Skjæveland, Martin G & Karlsen, Leif Harald (2021). Formal Relations over Ontology Patterns in Templating Frameworks. In Blomqvist, Eva; Hahmann, Torsten; Hammar, Karl; Hitzler, Pascal; Hoekstra, Rinke; Mutharaju, Raghava; Poveda-Villalon, Maria; Shimizu, Cogan; Skjæveland, Martin G; Solanki, Monika; Svátek, Vojtěch & Zhou, Lu (Ed.), Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering. IOS Press. ISSN 9781643681740. p. 120–133. doi: 10.3233/SSW210010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ontologies are the corner stone of data modeling and knowledge representation, and engineering an ontology is a complex task in which domain knowledge, ontological accuracy and computational properties need to be carefully balanced. As with any engineering task, the identification and documentation of common patterns is important, and Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) provide ontology designers with a strong connection to requirements and a better communication of their semantic content and intent. This book, Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering, contains 23 extended versions of selected papers presented at the annual Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP) between 2017 and 2020. This yearly event, which attracts a large number of researchers and professionals in the field of ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, covers issues related to quality aspects of ontology engineering and ODPs for data and knowledge representation, and is usually co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), apart from WOP 2020, which was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Topics covered by the papers collected here focus on recent advances in ontology design and patterns, and range from a method to instantiate content patterns, through a proposal on how to document a content pattern, to a number of patterns emerging in ontology modeling in various situations and applications. The book provides an overview of important advances in ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.

• Skjæveland, Martin G (2021). The Core OTTR Template Library. In Blomqvist, Eva; Hahmann, Torsten; Hammar, Karl; Hitzler, Pascal; Hoekstra, Rinke; Mutharaju, Raghava; Poveda-Villalon, Maria; Shimizu, Cogan; Skjæveland, Martin G; Solanki, Monika; Svátek, Vojtěch & Zhou, Lu (Ed.), Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering. IOS Press. ISSN 9781643681740. p. 378–393. doi: 10.3233/SSW210026. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ontologies are the corner stone of data modeling and knowledge representation, and engineering an ontology is a complex task in which domain knowledge, ontological accuracy and computational properties need to be carefully balanced. As with any engineering task, the identification and documentation of common patterns is important, and Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) provide ontology designers with a strong connection to requirements and a better communication of their semantic content and intent. This book, Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering, contains 23 extended versions of selected papers presented at the annual Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP) between 2017 and 2020. This yearly event, which attracts a large number of researchers and professionals in the field of ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, covers issues related to quality aspects of ontology engineering and ODPs for data and knowledge representation, and is usually co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), apart from WOP 2020, which was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Topics covered by the papers collected here focus on recent advances in ontology design and patterns, and range from a method to instantiate content patterns, through a proposal on how to document a content pattern, to a number of patterns emerging in ontology modeling in various situations and applications. The book provides an overview of important advances in ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.

• Skjæveland, Martin G; Lupp, Daniel P.; Karlsen, Leif Harald & Kluwer, Johan Wilhelm (2021). OTTR: Formal Templates for Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering. In Blomqvist, Eva; Hahmann, Torsten; Hammar, Karl; Hitzler, Pascal; Hoekstra, Rinke; Mutharaju, Raghava; Poveda-Villalon, Maria; Shimizu, Cogan; Skjæveland, Martin G; Solanki, Monika; Svátek, Vojtěch & Zhou, Lu (Ed.), Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering. IOS Press. ISSN 9781643681740. p. 349–377. doi: 10.3233/SSW210025. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ontologies are the corner stone of data modeling and knowledge representation, and engineering an ontology is a complex task in which domain knowledge, ontological accuracy and computational properties need to be carefully balanced. As with any engineering task, the identification and documentation of common patterns is important, and Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) provide ontology designers with a strong connection to requirements and a better communication of their semantic content and intent. This book, Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering, contains 23 extended versions of selected papers presented at the annual Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP) between 2017 and 2020. This yearly event, which attracts a large number of researchers and professionals in the field of ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, covers issues related to quality aspects of ontology engineering and ODPs for data and knowledge representation, and is usually co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), apart from WOP 2020, which was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Topics covered by the papers collected here focus on recent advances in ontology design and patterns, and range from a method to instantiate content patterns, through a proposal on how to document a content pattern, to a number of patterns emerging in ontology modeling in various situations and applications. The book provides an overview of important advances in ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.

• Lupp, Daniel P.; Hodkiewicz, Melinda & Skjæveland, Martin G (2020). Template Libraries for Industrial Asset Maintenance: A Methodology for Scalable and Maintainable Ontologies. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2757, p. 49–64. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Data in engineering industries is highly standardized and information-dense, and usually distributed across many different sources with incompatible formats and implicit semantics. As such, it provides an ideal use case for application of semantic technologies for data integration and access. However, adoption of semantic technologies is hampered due to the complex set of competencies required to construct a scalable and maintainable ontology. We present a methodology for aiding domain experts and ontology engineers in constructing and maintaining industry-viable ontologies using a template-based approach for ontology modeling and instantiation. Using the OTTR framework, the structure of the input formats and the semantics of the target domain are modeled and maintained in separate modularized template libraries. Data provided by domain experts is mapped to these templates, allowing end-users to extend and amend the model without the need to directly interact with semantic technology languages and tools.Our approach is demonstrated on a real-world use case from the asset maintenance domain which has applicability to a wide range of industries.

• Skjæveland, Martin G; Lupp, Daniel P.; Karlsen, Leif Harald & Forssell, Jon Henrik (2018). Practical Ontology Pattern Instantiation, Discovery, and Maintenance with Reasonable Ontology Templates. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11136, p. 477–494. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-00671-6_28. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Reasonable Ontology Templates ( Open image in new window ) is a language for representing ontology modelling patterns in the form of parameterised ontologies. Ontology templates are simple and powerful abstractions useful for constructing, interacting with, and maintaining ontologies. With ontology templates, modelling patterns can be uniquely identified and encapsulated, broken down into convenient and manageable pieces, instantiated, and used as queries. Formal relations defined over templates support sophisticated maintenance tasks for sets of templates, such as revealing redundancies and suggesting new templates for representing implicit patterns. Ontology templates are designed for practical use; an Open image in new window vocabulary, convenient serialisation formats for the semantic web and for terse specification of template definitions and bulk instances are available, including an open source implementation for using templates. Our approach is successfully tested on a real-world large-scale ontology in the engineering domain.

• Skjæveland, Martin G; Karlsen, Leif Harald & Lupp, Daniel P. (2018). Practical Ontology Pattern Instantiation, Discovery, and Maintanence with Reasonable Ontology Templates - Demo paper. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2180. Full text in Research Archive
• Lupp, Daniel Paul; Karlsen, Leif Harald & Skjæveland, Martin G (2018). Making a Case for Formal Relations over Ontology Patterns. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2195, p. 87–91. Full text in Research Archive
• Kharlamov, Evgeny; Skjæveland, Martin G; Hovland, Dag; Mailis, Theofilos; Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto & Xiao, Guohui [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Finding Data Should be Easier than Finding Oil. In Abe, Naoki; Liu, Huan; Hu, Xiaohua; Ahmed, Nesreen; Qiao, Mu; Song, Yang; Kossmann, Donald; Liu, Bing; Lee, Kisung; Tang, Jiliang; He, Jingrui & Saltz, Jeffrey (Ed.), 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), Seattle, 10-13 Dec. 2018. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781538650356. doi: 10.1109/BigData.2018.8622035. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The competitiveness of modern enterprises heavily depends on their ability to make the right business decisions by relying on efficient and timely analysis of the right business critical data. In large and data intensive companies such as Equinor, a Norwegian multinational oil and gas company with more than 20,000 employees, gathering such data is not a trivial task due to the growing size and complexity of corporate information sources. As a result, the data gathering task is often the most time-consuming part of the decision making process, in particular when it comes to the work processes of Equinor’s Exploration geologists that should find in a timely manner New exploitable accumulations of oil or gas in given areas by analysing data about these areas. In this work we present our experience in addressing this data challenge tast at Equinor. We have developed and deployed at Equinor a semantic data access system that relies on the Ontology Based Data Access (OBDA) approach. Our system is based on our solid theoretical contributions and has been extensively evaluated at Equinor

• Pinkel, Christoph; Binning, Carsten; Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto; Kharlamov, Evgeny; May, Wolfgang & Nikolov, Andriy [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). RODI: Benchmarking Relational-to-Ontology Mapping Generation Quality. Semantic Web – Interoperability, Usability, Applicability. ISSN 1570-0844. 9(1), p. 25–52. doi: 10.3233/SW-170268. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Accessing and utilizing enterprise or Web data that is scattered across multiple data sources is an important task for both applications and users. Ontology-based data integration, where an ontology mediates between the raw data and its consumers, is a promising approach to facilitate such scenarios. This approach crucially relies on useful mappings to relate the ontology and the data, the latter being typically stored in relational databases. A number of systems to support the construction of such mappings have recently been developed. A generic and effective benchmark for reliable and comparable evaluation of the practical utility of such systems would make an important contribution to the development of ontology-based data integration systems and their application in practice. We have proposed such a benchmark, called RODI. In this paper, we present a new version of RODI, which significantly extends our previous benchmark, and we evaluate various systems with it. RODI includes test scenarios from the domains of scientific conferences, geographical data, and oil and gas exploration. Scenarios are constituted of databases, ontologies, and queries to test expected results. Systems that compute relational-to-ontology mappings can be evaluated using RODI by checking how well they can handle various features of relational schemas and ontologies, and how well the computed mappings work for query answering. Using RODI, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of seven systems.

• Skjæveland, Martin G; Gjerver, Anders; Hansen, Christian Mahesh; Kluwer, Johan Wilhelm; Strand, Morten Rørvik & Waaler, Arild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Semantic Material Master Data Management at Aibel. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2180. Full text in Research Archive
• Soylu, Ahmet; Kharlamov, Evgeny; Zheleznyakov, Dmitriy; Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto; Giese, Martin & Skjæveland, Martin G [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). OptiqueVQS: a Visual Query System over Ontologies for Industry. Semantic Web – Interoperability, Usability, Applicability. ISSN 1570-0844. p. 1–28. doi: 10.3233/sw-180293. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  An important application of semantic technologies in industry has been the formalisation of information models using OWL~2 ontologies and the use of RDF for storing and exchanging application data. Moreover, legacy data can be virtualised as RDF using ontologies following the ontology-based data access (OBDA) approach. In all these applications, it is important to provide domain experts with query formulation tools for expressing their information needs in terms of queries over ontologies. In this work, we present such a tool, OptiqueVQS, which is designed based on our experience with OBDA applications in Statoil and Siemens and on best HCI practices for interdisciplinary engineering environments. OptiqueVQS implements a number of unique techniques distinguishing it from analogous query formulation systems. In particular, it exploits ontology projection techniques to enable graph-based navigation over an ontology during query construction. Secondly, while OptiqueVQS is primarily ontology driven, it exploits sampled data to enhance selection of data values for some data attributes. Finally, OptiqueVQS is built on well grounded requirements, design rationale, and quality attributes. We evaluated OptiqueVQS with both domain experts and casual users and qualitatively compared our system against prominent visual systems for ontology-driven query formulation and exploration of semantic data. OptiqueVQS is available online and can be downloaded together with an example OBDA scenario.

• Kharlamov, Evgeny; Hovland, Dag; Skjæveland, Martin G; Bilidas, Dimitris; Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto & Xiao, Guohui [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2017). Ontology Based Data Access in Statoil. Journal of Web Semantics. ISSN 1570-8268. 44, p. 3–36. doi: 10.1016/j.websem.2017.05.005. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ontology Based Data Access (OBDA) is a prominent approach to query databases which uses an ontology to expose data in a conceptually clear manner by abstracting away from the technical schema-level details of the underlying data. The ontology is ‘connected’ to the data via mappings that allow to automatically translate queries posed over the ontology into data-level queries that can be executed by the underlying database management system. Despite a lot of attention from the research community, there are still few instances of real world industrial use of OBDA systems. In this work we present data access challenges in the data-intensive petroleum company Statoil and our experience in addressing these challenges with OBDA technology. In particular, we have developed a deployment module to create ontologies and mappings from relational databases in a semi-automatic fashion; a query processing module to perform and optimise the process of translating ontological queries into data queries and their execution over either a single DB of federated DBs; and a query formulation module to support query construction for engineers with a limited IT background. Our modules have been integrated in one OBDA system, deployed at Statoil, integrated with Statoil’s infrastructure, and evaluated with Statoil’s engineers and data.

• Skjæveland, Martin G; Forssell, Jon Henrik; Kluwer, Johan Wilhelm; Lupp, Daniel Paul; Thorstensen, Evgenij & Waaler, Arild (2017). Pattern-Based Ontology Design and Instantiation with Reasonable Ontology Templates. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2043. Full text in Research Archive
• Hovland, Dag; Kontchakov, Roman; Skjæveland, Martin G; Waaler, Arild & Zakharyaschev, Michael (2017). Ontology-Based Data Access to Slegge. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10588, p. 120–129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68204-4_12. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We report on our experience in ontology-based data access to the Slegge database at Statoil and share the resources employed in this use case: end-user information needs (in natural language), their translations into SPARQL, the Subsurface Exploration Ontology, the schema of the Slegge database with integrity constraints, and the mappings connecting the ontology and the schema. The final version of this research has been published in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. © 2017 Springer Verlag

• Skjæveland, Martin G; Forssell, Jon Henrik; Klüwer, Johan W.; Lupp, Daniel Paul; Thorstensen, Evgenij & Waaler, Arild (2017). Reasonable ontology templates: APIs for OWL: Efficient and practical ontology design and maintenance. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 1963, p. 1–4. Full text in Research Archive
• Forssell, Jon Henrik; Lupp, Daniel Paul; Skjæveland, Martin G & Thorstensen, Evgenij (2017). Reasonable macros for ontology construction and maintenance. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 1879, p. 1–13. Full text in Research Archive
• Zheleznyakov, Dmitriy; Kharlamov, Evgeny; Klungre, Vidar Norstein; Skjæveland, Martin G; Hovland, Dag & Giese, Martin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). KeywDB: A system for keyword-driven ontology-to-RDB mapping construction. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 1690. Full text in Research Archive
• Cameron, David B.; Skjæveland, Martin G; Giese, Martin; Hovland, Dag; Waaler, Arild & Bjørge, Eldar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Optique: Simple, Oil & Gas-oriented access to big data in exploration, SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 6-8 September 2016 - Conference Proceedings. Society of Petroleum Engineers. ISSN 9781613994597. doi: 10.2118/181111-MS. Full text in Research Archive
• Kharlamov, Evgeny; Hovland, Dag; Jiménez-Ruiz, Ernesto; Lanti, Davide; Lie, Hallstein & Pinkel, Christoph [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2015). Ontology based access to exploration data at statoil. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 9367, p. 93–112. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-25010-6_6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ontology Based Data Access (OBDA) is a prominent approach to query databases which uses an ontology to expose data in a conceptually clear manner by abstracting away from the technical schema-level details of the underlying data. The ontology is ‘connected’ to the data via mappings that allow to automatically translate queries posed over the ontology into data-level queries that can be executed by the underlying database management system. Despite a lot of attention from the research community, there are still few instances of real world industrial use of OBDA systems. In this work we present data access challenges in the data-intensive petroleum company Statoil and our experience in addressing these challenges with OBDA technology. In particular, we have developed a deployment module to create ontologies and mappings from relational databases in a semi-automatic fashion, and a query processing module to perform and optimise the process of translating ontological queries into data queries and their execution. Our modules have been successfully deployed and evaluated for an OBDA solution in Statoil.

• Jiménez-Ruiz, Ernesto; Kharlamov, Evgeny; Zheleznyakov, Dmitriy; Horrocks, Ian; Pinkel, Christoph & Skjæveland, Martin G [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). BOOTOX: Practical mapping of RDBs to OWL 2. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 9367, p. 113–132. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-25010-6_7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ontologies have recently became a popular mechanism to expose relational database (RDBs) due to their ability to describe the domain of data in terms of classes and properties that are clear to domain experts. Ontological terms are related to the schema of the underlying databases with the help of mappings, i.e., declarative specifications associating SQL queries to ontological terms. Developing appropriate ontologies and mappings for given RDBs is a challenging and time consuming task. In this work we present BootOX, a system that aims at facilitating ontology and mapping development by their automatic extraction (i.e., bootstrapping) from RDBs, and our experience with the use of BootOX in industrial and research contexts. BootOX has a number of advantages: it allows to control the OWL 2 profile of the output ontologies, bootstrap complex and provenance mappings, which are beyond the W3C direct mapping specification. Moreover, BootOX allows to import pre-existing ontologies via alignment. The final version of this research has been published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. © 2015 Springer Verlag

• Jiménez-Ruiz, Ernesto; Kharlamov, Evgeny; Zheleznyakov, Dmitriy; Horrocks, Ian; Pinkel, Christoph & Skjæveland, Martin G [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). BOOTOX: Bootstrapping OWL 2 ontologies and R2RML mappings from relational databases. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 1486. Full text in Research Archive
• Pinkel, Christoph; Binning, Carsten; Jiménez-Ruiz, Ernesto; May, Wolfgang; Ritze, Dominique & Skjæveland, Martin G [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). RODI: A benchmark for automatic mapping generation in relational-to-ontology data integration. In Gandon, Fabien; Sabou, Marta; Sack, Harald; d’Amato, Claudia; Cudré-Mauroux, Philippe & Zimmermann, Antoine (Ed.), The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains. Springer. ISSN 9783319188171. p. 21–37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-18818-8_2. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G; Giese, Martin; Hovland, Dag; Lian, Espen Hallenstvedt & Waaler, Arild (2015). Engineering ontology-based access to real-world data sources. Journal of Web Semantics. ISSN 1570-8268. 33, p. 112–140. doi: 10.1016/j.websem.2015.03.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The preparation of existing real-world datasets for publication as high-quality semantic web data is a complex task that requires the concerted execution of a variety of processing steps using a range of different tools. Faced with both changing input data and evolving requirements on the produced output, we face a significant engineering task for schema and data transformation. We argue that to achieve a robust and flexible transformation process, a high-level declarative description is needed, that can be used to drive the entire tool chain. We have implemented this idea for the deployment of ontology-based data access (OBDA) solutions, where semantically annotated views that integrate multiple data sources on different formats are created, based on an ontology and a collection of mappings. Furthermore, we exemplify our approach and show how a single declarative description helps to orchestrate a complete tool chain, beginning with the download of datasets, and through to the installation of the datasets for a variety of tool applications, including data and query transformation processes and reasoning services. Our case study is based on several publicly available tabular and relational datasets concerning the operations of the petroleum industry in Norway. We include a discussion of the relative performance of the used tools on our case study, and an overview of lessons learnt for practical deployment of OBDA on real-world datasets.

• Skjæveland, Martin G (2015). Sgvizler: A JavaScript Wrapper for Easy Visualization of SPARQL Result Sets. In Simperl, Elena; Norton, Barry; Mladenic, Dunja; Valle, Emanuele Della; Fundulaki, Irini; Passant, Alexandre & Troncy, Raphaël (Ed.), The Semantic Web: ESWC 2012 Satellite Events. Springer. ISSN 9783662466407. p. 361–365. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-46641-4_27. Full text in Research Archive
• Kharlamov, Evgeny; Jiménez-Ruiz, Ernesto; Pinkel, Christoph; Rezk, Martin; Skjæveland, Martin G & Soylu, Ahmet [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). OPTIQUE: Ontology-based data access platform. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 1486. Full text in Research Archive
• Soylu, Ahmet; Skjæveland, Martin G; Giese, Martin; Horrocks, Ian; Jimenez-ruiz, Ernesto & Kharlamov, Evgeny [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). A Preliminary Approach on Ontology-Based Visual Query Formulation for Big Data. In Garoufallou, Emmanouel & Greenberg, Jane (Ed.), Metadata and Semantics Research 7th Research Conference, MTSR 2013, Thessaloniki, Greece, November 19-22, 2013. Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 9783319034362. p. 201–212. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-03437-9_21. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G; Lian, Espen Hallenstvedt & Horrocks, Ian (2013). Publishing the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's FactPages as Semantic Web Data. In Alani, Harith; Kagal, Lalana; Fokoue, Achille; Groth, Paul; Biemann, Christian; Parreira, Josiane; Aroyo, Lora; Noy, Natasha; Welty, Chris & Janowicz, Krzysztof (Ed.), The Semantic Web – ISWC 2013 12th International Semantic Web Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 21-25, 2013, Proceedings, Part II. Springer. ISSN 9783642413377. p. 162–177. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-41338-4_11. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G & Lian, Espen Hallenstvedt (2013). Benefits of Publishing the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's FactPages as Linked Open Data. In Tøssebro, Erlend & Meling, Hein (Ed.), Norsk informatikkonferanse NIK 2013, Universitetet i Stavanger, 18. - 20.november 2013. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232103652. p. 52–63. Full text in Research Archive
• Stolpe, Audun & Skjæveland, Martin G (2012). Preserving Information Content in RDF using Bounded Homomorphisms. In Simperl, Elena; Cimiano, Philipp; Polleres, Axel; Corcho, Oscar & Presutti, Valentina (Ed.), The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. Springer. ISSN 9783642302831. p. 72–86. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-30284-8_12. Full text in Research Archive
• Stolpe, Audun & Skjæveland, Martin G (2011). From Spreadsheets to 5-star Linked Data in the Cultural Heritage Domain: A Case Study of the Yellow List, Norsk Informatikkonferanse NIK 2011. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 9788251928434. p. 13–24. Full text in Research Archive

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• Blomqvist, Eva; Hahmann, Torsten; Hammar, Karl; Hitzler, Pascal; Hoekstra, Rinke & Mutharaju, Raghava [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering. IOS Press. ISBN 9781643681740. 395 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ontologies are the corner stone of data modeling and knowledge representation, and engineering an ontology is a complex task in which domain knowledge, ontological accuracy and computational properties need to be carefully balanced. As with any engineering task, the identification and documentation of common patterns is important, and Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) provide ontology designers with a strong connection to requirements and a better communication of their semantic content and intent. This book, Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering, contains 23 extended versions of selected papers presented at the annual Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP) between 2017 and 2020. This yearly event, which attracts a large number of researchers and professionals in the field of ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, covers issues related to quality aspects of ontology engineering and ODPs for data and knowledge representation, and is usually co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), apart from WOP 2020, which was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Topics covered by the papers collected here focus on recent advances in ontology design and patterns, and range from a method to instantiate content patterns, through a proposal on how to document a content pattern, to a number of patterns emerging in ontology modeling in various situations and applications. The book provides an overview of important advances in ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.

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• Skjæveland, Martin G; Slaughter, Laura Ann & Kindermann, Christian (2022). OntoCommons D4.3 - Report on Landscape Analysis of Ontology Engineering Tools EU project. EU ONTO Commons Grant Agreement no. 958371. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G & Kindermann, Christian (2022). Concrete Names for Complex Expressions in Ontologies: A Case Study on SNOMED CT. CEUR-WS-org.Vol.3257- Paper 12. Full text in Research Archive
• Blomqvist, Eva; Hahmann, Torsten; Hammar, Karl; Hitzler, Pascal; Hoekstra, Rinke & Mutharaju, Raghava [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Preface. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 279, p. V–VI. Full text in Research Archive
• Kluwer, Johan Wilhelm & Skjæveland, Martin G (2020). Ontology patterns for industrial ontologies : the READI use case. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G; Lupp, Daniel P. & Karlsen, Leif Harald (2020). Pattern-based knowledge base construction. Full text in Research Archive
• Cameron, David B.; Waaler, Arild; Skjæveland, Martin G; Gjerver, Anders & Hansen, Christian Mahesh (2019). The Whole Plant Digital Twin: What Can Semantic Technologies Contribute? Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G; Lupp, Daniel P.; Karlsen, Leif Harald & Hodkiewicz, M. R. (2019). Scalable Construction of Sustainable Knowledge Bases - Full day tutorial. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G; Karlsen, Leif Harald & Lupp, Daniel P. (2019). IOF Workshops 2019 Tutorial: Ontology patterns in practice. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G & Lupp, Daniel P. (2019). Practical and Scalable Pattern-based Ontology Engineering with Reasonable Ontology Templates (OTTR) - Half-day tutorial. Full text in Research Archive
• Latif, Adnan; Waaler, Arild; Giese, Martin; Hovland, Dag & Skjæveland, Martin G (2018). Ontology-Based Data Access in Exploration. Full text in Research Archive
• Cameron, David Bruce; Waaler, Arild; Hovland, Dag & Skjæveland, Martin G (2017). Practical Knowledge Representation for Data Access to Subsurface Data: The Achievements and Potential of the Optique Platform. Full text in Research Archive
• Cameron, David B.; Skjæveland, Martin G; Giese, Martin; Hovland, Dag; Waaler, Arild & Bjørge, Eldar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Optique: Simple, Oil & Gas-oriented access to big data in exploration. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G & Stolpe, Audun (2013). Bounds: Expressing Reservations about Incoming Data. Full text in Research Archive
• Kharlamov, Evgeny; Giese, Martin; Jimenez-ruiz, Ernesto; Skjæveland, Martin G; Soylu, Ahmet & Zheleznyakov, Dmitriy [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2013). Optique 1.0: Semantic Access to Big Data: The Case of Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's FactPages. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G & Stolpe, Audun (2013). Bounds: Expressing Reservations about Incoming Data. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G (2012). Sgvizler: A JavaScript Wrapper for Easy Visualization of SPARQL Result Sets. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G (2012). Preserving Information Content in RDF using Bounded Homomorphisms. Full text in Research Archive
• Stolpe, Audun & Skjæveland, Martin G (2011). Conservative Repurposing of RDF Data. Full text in Research Archive
• Stolpe, Audun & Skjæveland, Martin G (2011). Conservative repurposing of public sector data. A first foray. Full text in Research Archive
• Balog, Krisztian; Skjæveland, Martin G & Bernard, Nolwenn (2025). User Simulation for the Development and Evaluation of Conversational Information Access Agents. Universitetet i Stavanger. ISSN 9788284393841. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this information-overloaded world, conversational agents are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to traditional information retrieval systems, such as search engines and recommender systems, to access and interact with information. This comes with new opportunities and challenges, as the information seeking paradigm shifts from query-based to multi-turn conversational interactions. Conversational information access agents, designed to support users in their (complex) information-seeking tasks, are still in their early age; and, thus, are an active area for research and development. Some of the challenges faced by conversational agents, such as training and evaluation, relate to their interactive nature, which implies the need for at least another interlocutor, a user, to be involved in the conversation and to provide feedback. In general, human users are a scarce and expensive resource. Therefore, in this thesis, we advocate for the use of user simulation, which has been recognized as a promising approach, to reduce the reliance on human users in the development and evaluation of conversational information access agents. Concretely, we begin by formalizing the objectives for user simulators when used for the training and evaluation of conversational agents. While there is an apparent alignment between the two objectives, we show with an empirical study that they are, in fact, not always aligned. The proposed formalization provides a framework to assess and compare user simulators with regards to these objectives. Next, we focus on the creation of resources to make user simulation more accessible to the research community and support future work in this area. First, we present SimLab, a platform facilitating simulation-based evaluation of conversational information access agents. It provides a centralized solution for the research community to benchmark both user simulators and conversational agents on a range of tasks. Second, we introduce the CRS Arena platform, which offers a solution to benchmark conversational recommender systems with real users via pairwise comparisons. From the data collected with CRS Arena, we release a dataset, CRSArena-Dial, comprising conversations between real users and conversational agents, pairwise comparison results, and direct user feedback. Last, we present the MG-ShopDial dataset, which contains information-seeking conversations between humans in the domain of e-commerce. It allows us to study user behavior when performing conversational information seeking tasks in this domain. Then, we focus on two specific uses of user simulation, evaluation and development of conversational information access agents, to demonstrate the potential and limitations of current user simulators in the context of conversational information access. First, we compare two user simulators regarding their ability to reproduce the results obtained when real users interact with conversational recommender systems. Using the results of this evaluation, we compare the relative rankings of CRSs and absolute performance obtained with real and simulated users to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the user simulators. Second, we propose a new methodology to identify conversational breakdowns in conversational information access agents and guide their development based on the identified breakdowns. Through a case study, we demonstrate how the methodology can be applied to make a conversational agent more robust to conversational breakdowns. Finally, we conclude by discussing future opportunities and challenges regarding the use of user simulation for the development and evaluation of conversational information access agents.

• Snilsberg, Erik; Karlsen, Leif Harald; Kostylev, Egor V. & Skjæveland, Martin G (2024). Foundations of ontology template language OTTR (extended abstract), in proceedings of the 37th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2024). CEUR-WS.org. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G (2015). Engineering Semantic Data. Akademika forlag. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjæveland, Martin G & Stolpe, Audun (2012). Bounded RDF Data Transformations. DUO. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  RDF data transformations are transformations of RDF graphs to RDF graphs which preserve in different degree the data content in the source to the target. These transformation therefore give special attention to the data elements in such graphs—under the assumption that data elements reside in the subjects and objects of RDF triples, and the peculiar fact that the set of vertices and set of edges in an RDF graph are not necessarily disjoint. Bounded homomorphisms are used to define these transformations, which not only ensure that data from the source is structurally preserved in the target, but also require, in various ways, the target data to be related back to the source. The result of this paper is a theoretical toolkit of transformation characteristics with which detailed control over the transformation target may be exercised. We explore these characteristics in two different RDF graph representations, and give an algorithm for checking existence of transformations.

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