Truls Norby

Professor - Solid state electrochemistry

Norwegian version of this page

Email truls.norby@kjemi.uio.no

Phone +47 22840654

Mobile phone 99257611

Room 22:150 i Forskningsparken

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Visiting address Forskningsparken FERMiO Gaustadalléen 21 0349 Oslo

Postal address Postboks 1033 0315 Oslo

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Applied and academic fields of interest

I work with materials chemistry and technologies for energy conversion, renewable energy, carbon capture, hydrogen, hydrogen-based green energy carriers like ammonia, solar fuels, and air purification.

Scientifically, I work with defects and defect-related properties in functional ceramic materials at high temperatures. This comprises defect chemistry and its thermodynamics, diffusion and mobility of defects, conductivity and permeability, kinetics, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrochemistry.

A specialty is protons in oxides, and we are currently interested also in neutral hydrogen species and hydride ions in oxidic environments. We study and develop proton conductors, oxide ion conductors, electronic conductors, and mixed conductors for high temperature fuel cells and electrolysers, sensors, and dense, inorganic gas separation membranes for separation of oxygen, hydrogen, and CO₂ (for CCS). We also engage in studies of fundamental processes involved in the degradation of such materials.

The Group for Electrochemistry works in the emerging field of nano-ionics, taking tools and concepts from nano-technology into use to understand and develop the properties of nano-dimensional structures; surfaces, electrodes, interfaces (phase, grain, and domain boundaries), nano-cages, and nano-particles. In particular we study presently protonic transport in nanoporous ceramics, the effect of space charge on defects and transport in and across interfaces, and oxide nanotubes as photoelectrodes.

Another interest is oxide thermoelectrics - a great opportunity for crossdisciplinary research with physicists. I am interested in thermoelectric properties and stability of materials and oxide-oxide heterojunctions at high temperatures.

We combine experimental studies with DFT-based and other theoretical modelling.

Join our group?

You can study for MSc in Electrochemistry by regular application to the MSc programs in Chemistry or Materials Science and Nanotechnology at UiO.

If you want to join as PhD student or post-doc researcher, you can do this by finding open announcements for such positions on the UiO or other web, and by applying online. Do not write to me directly - I cannot hire people, and cannot answer all such requests. If - and only if - you have your own full funding for travel, accommodation, and subsistence in Oslo, you can make an enquiry to me for the possibility to join as PhD student, visiting researcher, or intern.

Teaching

I teach at courses in Materials, Energy and Nanotechnology (MENA) and in Chemistry (KJM):

Background

Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 1995...
Assistant, post-doc, researcher, visiting researcher, assoc. professor 1987-1994
Dr. Scient., Chemistry, Dept. Chemistry, UiO, 1986
Cand. Scient., Inorganic chemistry, Dept. Chemistry, UiO, 1981

Other activities

Head, Section/Group for Electrochemistry, Dept. Chem., UiO
Editor, Solid State Ionics (Elsevier)
President, International Society for Solid State Ionics 2019-2021
Founding CEO, NORECS AS
Member of executive board , CoorsTek Membrane Sciences AS (formerly Protia AS)
Founding CEO, Jiangyin NorEn Material Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
Founding CEO, Nano Rocks AS

Some important collaboration partners

SINTEF Industry, Oslo
Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Kjeller
NTNU, Institute for Materials Technology
University of Agder (UiA); Grimstad
CSIC-ITQ, Valencia, Spain

Tags: Chemistry, Solid State Electrochemistry, Solid State Ionics, Materials Science and Technology, Chemistry, Renewable energy, Nanotechnology, Electroceramics, Defect Chemistry, Fuel cells, Gas separation membranes, Proton conductors, Hydrogen, SMN

Kang, Xiaolan; Chatzitakis, Athanasios; Aarholt, Thomas; Sun, Xinwei; Negri, Chiara & Norby, Truls (2022). Facet-engineered TiO2 nanomaterials reveal the role of water–oxide interactions in surface protonic conduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 10(1), p. 218–227.
sata, noriko; han, feng; Zheng, Haoyu; Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Norby, Truls & Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Development of Proton Conducting Ceramic Cells in Metal Supported Architecture . ECS Transactions. ISSN 1938-5862. 103(1). doi: 10.1149/10301.1779ecst.
Kang, Xiaolan; Chaperman, Larissa; Galeckas, Augustinas; Ammar, Souad; Mammeri, Fayna & Norby, Truls [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Water Vapor Photoelectrolysis in a Solid-State Photoelectrochemical Cell with TiO2 Nanotubes Loaded with CdS and CdSe Nanoparticles. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. ISSN 1944-8244. 13(39), p. 46875–46885. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c13047.
Ćwieka, K.; Lysik, A.; Wejrzanowski, T.; Norby, Truls Eivind & Xing, Wen (2021). Microstructure and electrochemical behavior of layered cathodes for molten carbonate fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources. ISSN 0378-7753. 500. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229949.
Xu, Kaiqi; Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios; Backe, Paul Hoff; Ruan, Qiushi; Junwang, Tang & Rise, Frode [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). In situ cofactor regeneration enables selective CO2 reduction in a stable and efficient enzymatic photoelectrochemical cell. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. ISSN 0926-3373. 296:120349, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120349. Full text in Research Archive
Zhu, Junjie; Gudmundsdottir, Jonina; Strandbakke, Ragnar; Both, Kevin Gregor; Aarholt, Thomas & Almeida Carvalho, Patricia [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Double Perovskite Cobaltites Integrated in a Monolithic and Noble Metal-Free Photoelectrochemical Device for Efficient Water Splitting. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. ISSN 1944-8244. 13(17), p. 20313–20325. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c01900. Full text in Research Archive
Schuler, Raphael; Madathil, Reshma Krishnan & Norby, Truls (2021). Versatile four-leg thermoelectric module test setup adapted to a commercial sample holder system for high temperatures and controlled atmospheres. Review of Scientific Instruments. ISSN 0034-6748. 92(4). doi: 10.1063/5.0032698.
Schuler, Raphael; Bianchini, Federico; Norby, Truls Eivind & Fjellvåg, Helmer (2021). Near-Broken-Gap Alignment between FeWO4 and Fe2WO6 for Ohmic Direct p–n Junction Thermoelectrics. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. ISSN 1944-8244. 13(6), p. 7416–7422. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c19341.
Kang, Xiaolan; Berberidou, Chrysanthi; Galeckas, Augustinas; Bazioti, Kalliopi; Sagstuen, Einar & Norby, Truls Eivind [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Decolorization and Disinfection of Water Employing Reduced TiO2 Nanopowders. Catalysts. ISSN 2073-4344. 11(2). doi: 10.3390/catal11020228.
Mayandi, Jeyanthinath; Madathil, Reshma Krishnan; Abinaya, C; Bethke, Kevin; Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan & Rademann, Klaus [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Al-doped ZnO prepared by co-precipitation method and its thermoelectric characteristics. Materials Letters. ISSN 0167-577X. 288. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.129352. Show summary
We report on structural and electrical characterization of zinc oxide material containing aluminum (Al:ZnO) prepared by a co-precipitation technique using different zinc and aluminum precursors. The as-prepared powders were calcinated and pre-annealed at 600 °C and 1200 °C. These were cold-pressed to pellets and sintered at 1000 °C. We also prepared ZnO material with no Al for comparisons. The electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as the Seebeck coefficient, were measured. These properties were correlated with structural analysis by X-ray diffraction characterization and scanning electron microscopy. The process yields a nanostructured material with much reduced thermal conductivity.
Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Haugsrud, Reidar; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Larring, Yngve; Strandbakke, Ragnar & Norby, Truls Eivind (2021). Increasing the thermal expansion of proton conducting Y-doped BaZrO3 by Sr and Ce substitution. Solid State Ionics. ISSN 0167-2738. 359. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115534. Full text in Research Archive
Bondevik, Tarjei; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Assessing common approximations in space charge modelling to estimate the proton resistance across grain boundaries in Y-doped BaZrO3. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. ISSN 1463-9076. 22(21), p. 11891–11902. doi: 10.1039/c9cp06625j.
Lysik, Aleksandra; Wejrzanowski, Tomasz; Cwieka, Karol; Skibinski, Jakub; Milewski, Jaroslaw & Marques, Fernando M.B. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Silver coated cathode for molten carbonate fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. ISSN 0360-3199. 45(38), p. 19847–19857. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.112.
Hu, Yang; Miikkulainen, Ville; Mizohata, Kenichiro; Norby, Truls Eivind; Nilsen, Ola & Fjellvåg, Helmer (2020). Ionic conductivity in LixTaOy thin films grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Electrochimica Acta. ISSN 0013-4686. 361. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137019. Full text in Research Archive
Kalland, Liv-Elisif Queseth; Løken, Andreas; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Haugsrud, Reidar & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Structure, hydration, and proton conductivity in 50% La and Nd doped CeO2 – La2Ce2O7 and Nd2Ce2O7 – and their solid solutions. Solid State Ionics. ISSN 0167-2738. 354. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115401. Full text in Research Archive
Michel, Kathrin; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Norby, Truls Eivind; Janek, Jürgen & Elm, Matthias (2020). Importance of the spin-orbit interaction for a consistent theoretical description of small polarons in Pr-doped CeO2. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. ISSN 1932-7447. 124(29), p. 15831–15838. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c05352.
Sun, Xinwei; Xu, Kaiqi; Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Photocatalytic generation of gas phase reactive oxygen species from adsorbed water: Remote action and electrochemical detection. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. ISSN 2213-3437. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104809. Full text in Research Archive
Szpunar, Iga; Strandbakke, Ragnar; Sørby, Magnus Helgerud; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech; Balaguer, Maria & Tarach, Mateusz [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). High-temperature structural and electrical properties of BaLnCo2O6 positrodes. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 13(18), p. 1–18. doi: 10.3390/ma13184044. Full text in Research Archive
Getz, Marit Norderhaug; Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios; Liu, Xin; Almeida Carvalho, Patricia; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Voids in walls of mesoporous TiO2 anatase nanotubes by controlled formation and annihilation of protonated titanium vacancies. Materials Chemistry and Physics. ISSN 0254-0584. 239. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.121953.
Torimoto, Maki; Ogo, Shuhei; Hisai, Yudai; Takahashi, Ayako; Ma, Quanbao & Seo, Jeong Gil [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Support effects on catalysis of low temperature methane steam reforming. RSC Advances. ISSN 2046-2069. 10, p. 26418–26424 . doi: 10.1039/d0ra04717a. Full text in Research Archive
Takahashi, Ayako; Inagaki, Reona; Torimoto, Maki; Hisai, Yudai; Matsuda, Taku & Ma, Quanbao [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Effects of metal cation doping in CeO2 support on catalytic methane steam reforming at low temperature in an electric field . RSC Advances. ISSN 2046-2069. 10, p. 14487–14492 . doi: 10.1039/d0ra01721c. Full text in Research Archive
Wachowski, Sebastian Lech; Szpunar, Iga; Sørby, Magnus Helgerud; Mielewczyk-Gryń, Aleksandra; Balaguer, Maria & Ghica, Corneliu [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Structure and water uptake in BaLnCo2O6−δ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb and Dy). Acta Materialia. ISSN 1359-6454. 199, p. 297–310. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.08.018. Full text in Research Archive
Saeed, Sarmad Waheed; Norby, Truls & Bjørheim, Tor S. (2020). First-Principles Analyses of Nanoionic Effects at Oxide-Oxide Heterointerfaces for Electrochemical Applications. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. ISSN 1932-7447. 124(26), p. 14072–14081. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c00385. Full text in Research Archive
Schuler, Raphael; Norby, Truls Eivind & Fjellvåg, Helmer (2020). Defects and polaronic electron transport in Fe2WO6. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. ISSN 1463-9076. 22(27), p. 15541–15548. doi: 10.1039/d0cp01588a. Full text in Research Archive
Bondevik, Tarjei; Polfus, Jonathan Marc & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Disagreements between space charge models and grain boundary impedance data in yttrium-substituted barium zirconate. Solid State Ionics. ISSN 0167-2738. 353. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115369. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Although the space charge model is commonly used to explain the high grain boundary resistance in proton conducting yttrium-substituted BaZrO3, it fails in its simplest forms with factors 10–40 to fit experimental data with respect to the characteristic frequency of the grain boundary impedance. We suggest modifications to the model, somewhat improving its fit. Including trapping effects of protons near yttrium substituents reduces the error only by factors less than 1.6. Increasing the width of the grain boundary core reduces the error with factors of 1.5–3. Discretizing the space charge layer, such that protons can only reside on specific, discrete sites, reduces the error with another factor of around 2. Considering reduced proton mobility in the GB by reducing its effective area may give a reduction in the fitting error of a factor of 2. Varying the dielectric constant in the GB does not affect the error considerably. Neither each single modification, nor their combined effect, can, however, account for the majority of the discrepancy between the space charge model and experimental data.
Hisai, Yudai; Murakami, Kota; Kamite, Yukiko; Ma, Quanbao; Vøllestad, Einar & Manabe, Ryo [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). First observation of surface protonics on SrZrO3 perovskite under a H2 atmosphere. Chemical Communications. ISSN 1359-7345. 56, p. 2699–2702. doi: 10.1039/C9CC08757E. Full text in Research Archive
Gunnæs, Anette Eleonora; Tofan, Raluca; Berland, Kristian; Gorantla, Sandeep Madhukar; Storaas, Thomas Aarflot & Desissa, Temesgen Debelo [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Chemical stability of Ca3Co4−xO9+δ/CaMnO3−δ p–n junction for oxide-based thermoelectric generators. RSC Advances. ISSN 2046-2069. 10(9), p. 5026–5031. doi: 10.1039/c9ra07159h. Full text in Research Archive
Barakezehi, Marjan; Montazer, Majid; Sharif, Farhad; Norby, Truls Eivind & Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios (2020). MOF-modified polyester fabric coated with reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole as electrode for flexible supercapacitors. Electrochimica Acta. ISSN 0013-4686. 336. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135743. Full text in Research Archive
Xu, Kaiqi; Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios; Risbakk, Sanne; Yang, Mingyi; Backe, Paul Hoff & Grandcolas, Mathieu [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). High performance and toxicity assessment of Ta3N5 nanotubes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Catalysis Today. ISSN 0920-5861. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.12.031. Full text in Research Archive
Morland, Bjørn Helge; Norby, Truls Eivind; Tjelta, Morten & Svenningsen, Gaute (2019). Effect of SO2, O2, NO2, and H2O Concentrations on Chemical Reactions and Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Dense Phase CO2. Corrosion. ISSN 0010-9312. 75(11), p. 1327–1338. doi: 10.5006/3111. Full text in Research Archive
Singh, Sathya Prakash; Kanas, Nikola; Desissa, Temesgen Debelo; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann; Norby, Truls Eivind & Wiik, Kjell (2019). Thermoelectric properties of non-stoichiometric CaMnO3-d composites formed by redox-activated exsolution. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. ISSN 0955-2219. 40(4), p. 1344–1351. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.11.027. Full text in Research Archive
Saeed, Sarmad Waheed; Norby, Truls Eivind & Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen (2019). Charge-Carrier Enrichment at BaZrO3/SrTiO3 Interfaces. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. ISSN 1932-7447. 123(34), p. 20808–20816. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06296. Full text in Research Archive
Han, Feng; Zhou, Xingping; Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Norby, Truls Eivind; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud & Sata, Noriko [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Development of Metal Supported Cells Using BaZrO3-Based Proton Conducting Ceramics . ECS Transactions. ISSN 1938-5862. 91(1), p. 1035–1045. doi: 10.1149/09101.1035ecst.
Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Denonville, Christelle; Larring, Yngve; Rørvik, Per Martin & Haugsrud, Reidar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Fabrication of metal-supported proton-conducting electrolysers with thin film Sr- And Ce-doped BZY electrolyte. ECS Transactions. ISSN 1938-5862. 91(1), p. 941–949. doi: 10.1149/09101.0941ecst.
Singh, Sathya Prakash; Kanas, Nikola; Desissa, Temesgen Debelo; Johnsson, Mats; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Norby, Truls Eivind [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Thermoelectric properties of A-site deficient La-doped SrTiO3 at 100–900 °C under reducing conditions. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. ISSN 0955-2219. 40(2), p. 401–407. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.09.024. Full text in Research Archive
Vøllestad, Einar; Strandbakke, Ragnar; Tarach, Mateusz; Catalán-Martinez, David; Fontaine, Marie-Laure & Beeaff, Dustin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Mixed proton and electron conducting double perovskite anodes for stable and efficient tubular proton ceramic electrolysers. Nature Materials. ISSN 1476-1122. 18(7), p. 752–759. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0388-2. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in Cristin

Norby, Truls (2021). New ways for protons and electrons in functional materials .
Norby, Truls (2021). Surface protonics and its roles in synthesis and use of ammonia.
Norby, Truls (2021). Proton ceramics - a tutorial.
Norby, Truls; Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Storhaug, Sjur; Chen, Henry; Haugsrud, Reidar & Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). BSZCY151020: A proton ceramic electrolyte with increased TEC for planar applications .
Øygarden, Vegar; Mahmood, Asif; Vøllestad, Einar; Denonville, Christelle; Norby, Truls & Rørvik, Per Martin (2021). Development of electrochemical cells based on surface protonics.
Øygarden, Vegar; Mahmood, Asif; Vøllestad, Einar; Denonville, Christelle; Norby, Truls & Rørvik, Per Martin (2021). Development of electrodes and complete electrochemical cells based on surface protonics.
Sun, Xinwei & Norby, Truls (2021). Surface protonic conductivity in chemisorbed and physisorbed water layers in porous nanoscopic CeO2.
Denonville, Christelle; Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Larring, Yngve; Stefan, Elena; Rørvik, Per Martin & Haugsrud, Reidar [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Processing route for Metal Supported Proton Conducting Ceramic Cells.
Denonville, Christelle; Stefan, Elena; Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Larring, Yngve; Rørvik, Per Martin & Haugsrud, Reidar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Processing route for Metal Supported Proton Conducting Ceramic Cells.
Norby, Truls; Kang, Xiaolan; Sun, Xinwei; Vøllestad, Einar; Gu, Jie & Han, Donglin (2021). Surface Protonics of Porous Oxide Ceramics.
Øygarden, Vegar; Vøllestad, Einar; Denonville, Christelle; Vistad, Ørnulv Bjørnsson; Mahmood, Asif & Norby, Truls [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Development of electrodes and complete electrochemical cells based on surface protonics.
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Balaguer, María; Carrillo, Alfonso; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech; Mielewczyk-Gryń, Aleksandra & Szpunar, Iga [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Hydration and electrochemistry of mixed conducting cobaltites.
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Balaguer, María; Carrillo, Alfonso; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech; Mielewczyk-Gryń, Aleksandra & Szpunar, Iga [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Hydration and electrochemistry of mixed conducting cobaltites.
Norby, Truls; Sun, Xinwei; Kang, Xiaolan; Vøllestad, Einar; Gu, Jie & Han, Donglin (2021). Surface Protonics of Porous Oxide Ceramics .
Norby, Truls (2021). Electrode kinetics in fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2021). Electrode kinetics in fuel cells and electrolysers. Show summary
Fuel cells constitute the technology of choice to convert hydrogen to electricity, while electrolyzers will be a major technology for producing that hydrogen from electricity from renewable sources, notably indirect (hydroelectric, wind, wave) and direct (photovoltaic) solar energy. They are hence not directly the topic of a workshop on solar fuels, but photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrode kinetics is such a complex matter that it is useful to have electrode kinetics of fuel cells and electrolyzers as kind of reference. Both PEC and fuel cells and electrolyzers have in common that established state-of-the-art versions have aqueous liquid electrolytes, while solid-state electrolytes are of increasing interest. We will cover both, and dwell on various intermediate cases. While various charge carrying ions are in use in different ranges of temperature (O2-, CO32-, H+, OH-, H3O+), protonic electrolytes are most central to PEC and we will focus on them, with examples from proton ceramics, proton exchange membranes (PEMs), hydroxide ion conducting polymers, and surface protonic conduction. The electrode reaction comprises faradaic charge transfer over the electrolyte-electrode interface. This can be an electron transfer (redox) or – in the case of mixed ion electron conducting electrodes – ion transfer, in which case the electron transfer must take place somewhere else, e.g. on the electrode surface. The charge transfer – which is our means of driving the reaction with a voltage or recording a current in a chemically driven fuel cell – may be hindered by the supply of reactants, making adsorption and dissociation appear in the polarization resistance. In addition, diffusion in gas phase, over surfaces, and in the bulk of the electrode or electrolyte slows the reaction further and may eventually limit the current. While charge transfer takes place over the double layer capacitance of the electrolyte-electrode interface, the other processes may store reactants and products as much higher chemical capacitance, whereby the different processes have different time constants and may be separated in impedance spectroscopy. The talk will go through materials, processes, and methods, look to general principles that can be applied across systems and technologies, where possible also photoelectrochemical cells for solar hydrogen and artificial photosynthesis.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2021). Fra forsker til grunder: Hvilken hjelp skulle jeg ønsket meg.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Ceramic proton conductors for natural gas, hydrogen, and ammonia.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Ceramic proton conductors and photoelectrochemistry for hydrogen .
Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Space Charge Effects at Interfaces of Proton Conducting Oxides.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Ceramic proton conductors for natural gas, hydrogen, and ammonia.
Norby, Truls Eivind & Sun, Xinwei (2020). Protonic conduction in water and hydrogen adsorbed in porous materials.
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Sørby, Magnus Helgerud; Szpunar, Iga; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech & Mielewczyk-Gryń, Aleksandra [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Governing principles of hydration in mixed conducting oxides.
Liu, Xin; Risbakk, Sanne; Almeida Carvalho, Patricia; Yang, Mingyi; Backe, Paul Hoff & Bjorås, Magnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Hydrogenase-assisted catalysis on titania electrode oxides.
Xu, Kaiqi; Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios; Backe, Paul Hoff; Ruan, Qiushi; Tang, Junwang & Bjørås, Magnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). The use of NMR to assess the activity of formate dehydrogenase biocatalysts for CO2 utilization.
Thøgersen, Annett; Diplas, Spyridon; Michel, Kathrin; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Prytz, Øystein & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). The surface of CeO2 unravelled.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Electrodics for Protonics.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Electrodics for Protonics.
Pedersen, Madeeha Khalid & Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Kröger-Vink compatible notation for defect chemistry and transport in Li-ion conducting disordered garnet-type oxides.
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Vøllestad, Einar; Sørby, Magnus Helgerud & Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Defect chemistry of mixed conducting double perovskites .
Vøllestad, Einar; Sørby, Magnus Helgerud & Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Defect chemistry of mixed conducting double perovskites .
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Sørby, Magnus Helgerud; Szpunar, Iga; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech & Mielewczyk-Gryn, Aleksandra [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Protons in mixed conducting Ba1‑xGd1‑yLax+yCo2O6‑δ (BGLC).
Norby, Truls Eivind; Liu, Xin; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen & Haugsrud, Reidar (2019). Hydride ion conduction.
Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Ions and electrons at interfaces of functional ionic materials .
Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Role of surface protonics for electrodics.
Norby, Truls Eivind & Sun, Xinwei (2019). Hydrogen and clean air - Norway and China.
Bondevik, Tarjei; Prytz, Øystein & Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Investigation of the electrostatic potential of a grain boundary in Y-substituted BaZrO3 using inline electron holography.
Norby, Truls Eivind & Sun, Xinwei (2019). Novel UiO Technologies for Green Energy and Clean Air in China.
sata, noriko; han, feng; costa, remi; Zhou, Xingping; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud & Dayaghi, Amir Masoud [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Development of Metal Supported Cells Using BaZrO3-Based Proton Conducting Ceramics.
Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Denonville, Christelle; Larring, Yngve; Rørvik, Per Martin & Haugsrud, Reidar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Fabrication of Metal-Supported Proton-Conducting Electrolysers with Thin Film Sr- and Ce-Doped BZY Electrolyte.
Dayaghi, Amir Masoud; Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud; Denonville, Christelle; Larring, Yngve; Rørvik, Per Martin & Haugsrud, Reidar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Thin-film electrolyte with TEC optimized for metal-supported proton ceramic electrochemical cell.
Sun, Xinwei & Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Hydrogen og hydrogenteknologi.
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Sørby, Magnus Helgerud; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech; Mielewczyk-Gryn, Aleksandra & Balaguer, Maria [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Hydration and hydrogenation of mixed conducting BaGd1‑xLaxCo2O6‑δ (BGLC).
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Balaguer, Maria; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech; Mielewczyk-Gryn, Aleksandra; Almeida Carvalho, Patricia & Sørby, Magnus Helgerud [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Protonics, stability and electrochemistry of Ba1‑xGd1-yLax+yCo2O6-δ (BGLC).
Strandbakke, Ragnar; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Vøllestad, Einar; Mielewczyk-Gryn, Aleksandra; Wachowski, Sebastian Lech & Lewandowska, Iga [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Defect chemistry of mixed conducting double perovskites .
Vijayan Sobhana, Dilimon; Xing, Wen & Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Electrode reactions on a molten carbonate Gd-doped CeO2 composite electrolyte.
Liu, Xin; Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios; Almeida Carvalho, Patricia; Risbakk, Sanne; Yang, Mingyi & Backe, Paul Hoff [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Enzyme-assisted Catalysis on Titania Electrodes.
Elstad, Aleksander Andestad; Norby, Truls & Sartori, Sabrina (2021). Alkali and Alkaline Earth Oxoacid Salts; Synthesis, Hydration, Stability and Electrical Conductivity. Department of Chemisty, UiO.
Kalland, Liv-Elisif Queseth; Norby, Truls Eivind; Mohn, Chris Erik & Haugsrud, Reidar (2021). Ab-initio modelling and experimental study of order-disorder, hydration, and ionic conductivity of fluorite-related oxides. Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710. 2021(2348). Show summary
Hydrogen will play a key role in a zero-emission society, and proton (H+) conducting oxides have gained interest as solid-state electrolytes for next-generation electrochemical devices for fuel cells and electrolyzers. Understanding the effect of structure on materials functional properties is important for enhancing the performance of such electrolytes. Oxides with fluorite related crystal structures are interesting for their high oxide ion and proton (H+) conductivities, and in this work the relationship between the atomic structure and the materials properties such as ionic conductivity and hydration properties have been studied for three different oxides. They are oxygen deficient with respect to the fluorite structure and the vacant oxide ion sites can thus be ordered or disordered. Through a combination of different experimental and computational methods the nature and degree of ordering and the atomic structure have been determined, and correlated to the properties of the cations present, such as size and electronegativity. The work further focuses on whether ordering the oxide ion vacancies affects the hydration and consequently the proton conductivity. The results have led us to propose a new model for hydration of heavily doped yet disordered fluorite oxides.
Schuler, Raphael; Fjellvåg, Helmer & Norby, Truls Eivind (2021). Oxide thermoelectrics - materials, junctions and modules. Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710. 2021(2364). Show summary
Thermoelectric materials are able to directly convert heat into electricity, which makes them predestined candidates for the recuperation of waste heat and contributing to a more efficient energy economy. They hold enormous potential for energy generation, since all thermodynamic processes lose a major portion of their energy in the form of waste heat. However, conventional thermoelectric materials are often toxic, scarce and/or expensive, and show limited high temperature stability, which currently limits their relevance for large-scale applications. Recently, oxide thermoelectric materials, composed of abundant elements have attracted increased interest, as they offer a cheaper, environmental-friendly, and high-temperature stable alternative. They are usually discovered and researched individually, and only later combined to a p-n pair in a module, which often leads to complications, like thermal mismatch or reactions. In this work the approach was taken to design a compatible pair of new thermoelectric oxides that preclude complications in advance. This novel approach is demonstrated on a model pair of iron tungstates, which show promising thermoelectric properties and an exceptional band alignment, which could prove to be key properties for future thermoelectrics.
Andersen, Karoline Sjøen; Norby, Truls; Sartori, Sabrina & Chatzitakis, Athanasios (2020). Hydrophobic coatings for offshore PV modules: Impact of precipitation from seawater on the protective glass. Department of Chemisty, UiO.
Morland, Bjørn Helge; Svenningsen, Gaute & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Corrosion in CO2 transport pipeline. Formation of corrosive phases in dense phase CO2. Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710. 2020(2215). Show summary
Carbon capture and storage is suggested as one of the solutions to reduce CO2 emissions. Material choice is an important part for the total cost of the transport system for CO2. The present work comprises investigations of corrosive situations which could occur during transport of CO2 for injection to reservoirs. As CO2 with various combinations and concentrations of impurities were tested in a systematic manner, it was clear that combinations from established CO2 transport recommendations resulted in formation of a separate aqueous phase that contained high concentrations of sulfuric and nitric acid. However, many new impurity combinations were basically inert and could be considered safe to transport in carbon steel pipelines. Altogether, the present work has identified many important aspects of corrosion and chemical reactions for CO2 transport. This results in a better understanding of the processes that leads to corrosion and is needed for the making of a CO2 specification which ensure the integrity of pipelines or ships.
Xu, Kaiqi; Norby, Truls Eivind; Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios & Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen (2020). Artificial photosynthesis – Advanced nanomaterials and use of biocatalysts for novel photoelectrochemical cells. Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710. 2020( 2254). Show summary
The capture and storage of solar energy in chemical form by a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell is an elegant and simple solution to the increasing energy demands and needs for chemicals and fuels from non-fossil sources. We first developed a facile fabrication method of a monolithic solid-state PEC (SSPEC) cell, which utilizes a solid-state polymer electrolyte and minimizes the distance between the two electrodes. The recent progress in understanding of surface proton conduction in porous ceramic-based electrolytes led to the idea of using the SSPEC cell for hydrogen production through water vapor splitting. The traditionally Pt-based cathode was replaced by an earth-abundant photocathode, g-C3N4, which increased the intrinsic photo-induced electrical field by a factor of three. Such a monolithic SSPEC cell working fully in the gas phase was demonstrated first time, and can play an important role for clean energy production in rural or other areas where grid infrastructure and clean water sources are limited or absent. CO2 utilization is considered a key player in a carbon-free energy economy, emphasising the importance of CO2 capture and conversion. We have successfully demonstrated how a bio-catalyst (enzyme) can be coupled with traditional chemical engineering for this purpose. To approach this, a stable, highly photo-active material - Ta3N5 nanotubes - has been synthesized and tested in a photoelectrochemical cell. It reaches close to its theoretical performance in photo-assisted water splitting. We then coupled the Ta3N5 nanotubes as the photoabsorber together with an optimised enzyme - formate dehydrogenase (FDH) - in a photoelectrochemical cell. The aim is to mimic natural photosynthesis to reduce CO2 into a valuable chemical form – formic acid. A solar-driven reduction of CO2 and water to formic acid at close to 100% faradaic efficiency has been reached.
Olofsson, Andreas Connor & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). An investigation of Ca3CoMnO6 as a thin-film layer on oxide thermoelectric materials. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
Andersen, Karoline Sjøen; Norby, Truls Eivind & Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios (2020). Hydrophobic coatings for offshore PV modules: Impact of precipitation from seawater on the protective glass. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
Ormann, Brage Otto; Norby, Truls Eivind & Vines, Lasse (2020). Stable oxide p-n heterojunctions -- NiO-ZnO based transistor. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
James, Roystan; Norby, Truls Eivind; Vines, Lasse & Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen (2020). Electrical properties of La2CuO4 and Nd2CuO4 and their coexistent p-n heterojunction. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
Andreassen, Magnus Haga; Norby, Truls Eivind & Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios (2020). Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of Cu2O photocathodes for solid-state photoelectrochemical cells. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
Simonsen, Stian Christopher; Norby, Truls Eivind & Chatzitakis, Athanasios Eleftherios (2020). Nafion®-Ceramic Composite Electrolytes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Elevated Temperatures. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
Andersen, Håkon; Norby, Truls Eivind & Strandbakke, Ragnar (2020). Functional Properties and Electrochemical Performance of New Positrode Materials for Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cells. Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo. Show summary
Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cells (PCECs) exhibit high efficiency at lower temperatures due to the low activation energy ofproton transport. PCECs havealso obtained a great interest for its fuel utilisation, which result in a higher operating cell voltage and efficiency. However, the development of efficient commercial PCECs has been held back by the lack ofanefficient electrode at the oxygen steam side, also known as positrode.BaGd0.8La0.2Co2O6-δ (BGLC82) has shown to be a state of the art positrode, with Mixed Proton and Electronic Conductivity (MPEC). By using BGLC82 as a backbone in developing new and efficient electrode materials, the primary object of this thesis is to study the functional properties of selected doped BGLC82 materials, with their focus as positrodematerials for PCECs. BGLC82 was 10 % doped with the chosen materials zinc, titanium and zirconia (BaGd0.8La0.2Co1.8X0.2O6-δX=Zn, Ti, Zr). The BGLC82 compositionswere synthesised by solid-state reaction (SSR). BGLC82 Ti and Zn showed to obtain single phases, whereasBGLC82: Zr exhibit a secondary phase of BaZrO3. To try to obtain a single phase of BGLC82: Zr sol-gel (SG) synthesis was used. BGLC82: Zr still exhibited the same secondary phase obtained for SSR, but with a lower amount. This implies that the solubility of Zr in BGLC82 was exceeded.BGLC82 Ti and Zn were tested for proton uptake by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)at 300 –500 °C. The measurementsshowed that BGLC82: Ti exhibitsa higher proton uptake than BGLC82, whereas BGLC82: Zn obtain lower proton uptake than BGLC82. This implies that the donor dopant stabilises the protonic defectsin the BGLC82 structure, dueto the basisety of the cation. For the experimental setup, small pellets of the BGLC82 composites were placed on top of a BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ(BZCY72) at the same time and held in place by a spring load. To obtain the best contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte, the surfaces in contact were polished. Platinumwas used as counter and reference electrode,placed on the opposite side of the BGLC82 composite electrodes.
Kolding, Jonas; Norby, Truls Eivind; Sartori, Sabrina & Larring, Yngve (2019). Conductivity and Defects in Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 - A solid-state Li-ion conductor. Fysisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
Both, Kevin Gregor; Norby, Truls Eivind; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen & Løvvik, Ole Martin (2019). Cu2O – ZnO p-n Junctions: Thermodynamics, Structure, and Properties – an Experimental and Theoretical Study. Fysisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo.
Pedersen, Madeeha Khalid; Norby, Truls Eivind & Strandbakke, Ragnar (2019). Fundamentals of Positrodes for Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cells. Universitetet i Oslo.
Frøen, Emil Herman; Norby, Truls Eivind; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen & Løvvik, Ole Martin (2019). Coexistent Oxide p-n Junctions: DFT Analysis of Interfaces Between Nickel Oxide and Zinc Oxide. Universitetet i Oslo.