Catherine Anne Heyward

• Rahmati, Maryam; silva, eduardo a.; Reseland, Janne Elin; Heyward, Catherine Anne & Haugen, Håvard Jostein (2020). Biological responses to physicochemical properties of biomaterial surface. Chemical Society Reviews.  ISSN 0306-0012. . doi: 10.1039/D0CS00103A Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Biomedical scientists use chemistry-driven processes found in nature as an inspiration to design biomaterials as promising diagnostic tools, therapeutic solutions, or tissue substitutes. While substantial consideration is devoted to the design and validation of biomaterials, the nature of their interactions with the surrounding biological microenvironment is commonly neglected. This gap of knowledge could be owing to our poor understanding of biochemical signaling pathways, lack of reliable techniques for designing biomaterials with optimal physicochemical properties, and/or poor stability of biomaterial properties after implantation. The success of host responses to biomaterials, known as biocompatibility, depends on chemical principles as the root of both cell signaling pathways in the body and how the biomaterial surface is designed. Most of the current review papers have discussed chemical engineering and biological principles of designing biomaterials as separate topics, which has resulted in neglecting the main role of chemistry in this field. In this review, we discuss biocompatibility in the context of chemistry, what it is and how to assess it, while describing contributions from both biochemical cues and biomaterials as well as the means of harmonizing them. We address both biochemical signal-transduction pathways and engineering principles of designing a biomaterial with an emphasis on its surface physicochemistry. As we aim to show the role of chemistry in the crosstalk between the surface physicochemical properties and body responses, we concisely highlight the main biochemical signal-transduction pathways involved in the biocompatibility complex. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with the current strategies used for improving the chemical and physical interactions between cells and biomaterial surface.

• Ganan, Monica; Lorentzen, Silje Benedicte; Agger, Jane Wittrup; Heyward, Catherine Anne; Bakke, Oddmund; Knutsen, Svein Halvor; Aam, Berit Bjugan; Eijsink, Vincent; Gaustad, Peter & Sørlie, Morten (2019). Antifungal activity of well-defined chitooligosaccharide preparations against medically relevant yeasts. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  14(1) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210208 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Due to their antifungal activity, chitosan and its derivatives have potential to be used for treating yeast infections in humans. However, to be considered for use in human medicine, it is necessary to control and know the chemical composition of the compound, which is not always the case for polymeric chitosans. Here, we analyze the antifungal activity of a soluble and well-defined chito-oligosaccharide (CHOS) with an average polymerization degree (DPn) of 32 and fraction of acetylation (FA) of 0.15 (C32) on 52 medically relevant yeast strains. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varied widely among yeast species, strains and isolates (from > 5000 to < 9.77 μg mL-1) and inhibition patterns showed a time- and dose-dependencies. The antifungal activity was predominantly fungicidal and was inversely proportional to the pH, being maximal at pH 4.5, the lowest tested pH. Furthermore, antifungal effects of CHOS fractions with varying average molecular weight indicated that those fractions with an intermediate degree of polymerization, i.e. DP 31 and 54, had the strongest inhibitory effects. Confocal imaging showed that C32 adsorbs to the cell surface, with subsequent cell disruption and accumulation of C32 in the cytoplasm. Thus, C32 has potential to be used as a therapy for fungal infections.

• Chahal, Aman Singh; Schweikle, Manuel; Heyward, Catherine Anne & Tiainen, Hanna (2018). Attachment and spatial organisation of human mesenchymal stem cells on poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.  ISSN 1751-6161.  84, s 46- 53 . doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.04.025 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Stakkestad, Øystein; Heyward, Catherine Anne; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter; Medin, Tirill; Vondrasek, Jiri; Lian, Aina-Mari; Pezeshki, Gita & Reseland, Janne Elin (2018). An ameloblastin C-terminus variant is present in human adipose tissue. Heliyon.  ISSN 2405-8440.  4(12) . doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01075 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.

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