farhank

• Clark, Nathaniel J.; Khan, Farhan; Mitrano, Denise; Boyle, David & Thompson, Richard C. (2022). Demonstrating the translocation of nanoplastics across the fish intestine using palladium-doped polystyrene in a salmon gut-sac. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 159. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106994. Vis sammendrag

  Fish are widely reported to ingest microplastics with low levels accumulating in the tissues, but owing to analytical constraints, much less is known about the potential accumulation of nanoplastics via the gut. Recently, the labelling of plastics with inorganic metals (e.g., palladium) has allowed measurements of nanoplastic uptake. The aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the uptake of nanoplastics by the fish gut using palladium-doped nanoplastics (with a mean hydrodynamic radius of 202 ± 7 nm). By using an ex vivo gut sac exposure system, we show that in 4 h between 200 and 700 million nanoplastics (representing 2.5–9.4% of the administered nanoplastics dose) can enter the mucosa and muscularis layers of the intestine of salmon. Of the particles taken up, up to 700,000 (representing 0.6% of that taken into the tissue) of the nanoplastics passed across the gut epithelium of the anterior intestine and exit into the serosal saline. These data, generated in highly controlled conditions provide a proof-of-concept study, suggesting the potential for nanoplastics to distribute throughout the body, indicating the potential for systemic exposure in fish.

• Stöfen-O′Brien, Aleke; Naji, Abolfazl; Brooks, Amy L.; Jambeck, Jenna R. & Khan, Farhan (2022). Marine plastic debris in the Arabian/Persian Gulf: Challenges, opportunities and recommendations from a transdisciplinary perspective. Marine Policy. ISSN 0308-597X. 136. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104909. Vis sammendrag

  In recent years, the amount of plastic waste entering the marine environment around the world has gained increasing attention. Yet certain areas and regions remain relatively undocumented. Research findings on this topic within the countries adjacent to the Arabian/Persian Gulf comprised of Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates is relatively sparse. Significant gaps remain regarding the precise details on the quantity, sources and impacts of plastic marine debris as well as appropriate management responses. This article addresses these shortcomings from a transdisciplinary perspective, drawing on science, engineering and law. Based on an analysis and overview of the scientific research on plastic pollution in the region, an estimate of mismanaged waste is developed, both on a national level as well as for selected coastal cities. The article then explores the applicable international and regional regulatory framework to address marine debris in the Arabian/Persian Gulf region. It provides one of the first accounts of this regional sea from a comprehensive marine litter regulatory perspective, incorporating scientific findings as well as modelling techniques. The article suggests possible ways to achieve synergies and cooperation among actors and proposes novel approaches on methods to address the problem with a view to the transboundary nature of the issue. The key to success lies in dedicated cooperative efforts within the region, both between the public and private sector and between government and civil society.

• Mihai, Florin-Constatin; Gündoğdu, Sedat; Markley, Laura A.; Olivelli, Arianna; Khan, Farhan & Gwinnett, Claire [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Plastic Pollution, Waste Management Issues, and Circular Economy Opportunities in Rural Communities. Sustainability. ISSN 2071-1050. 14(1). doi: 10.3390/su14010020.
• Mihai, Florin-Constantin; Gündoğdu, Sedat; Khan, Farhan; Olivelli, Arianna; Markley, Laura A. & Emmerik, Tim van (2022). Plastic pollution in marine and freshwater environments: abundance, sources, and mitigation. I Sarma, Hemen; Dominguez, Delfina C. & Lee, Wen-Yee (Red.), Emerging Contaminants in the Environment: Challenges and Sustainable Practices. Elsevier. ISSN 978-0-323-85160-2. s. 241–274. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85160-2.00016-0.
• Khan, Farhan; Croft, Stephanie Storebjerg; Herrando, Elisa Escabia; Kandylas, Athanasios; Meyerjuergens, Tabea & Rayner, Dylan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). A Brief Perspective on Environmental Science in the Anthropocene: Recalibrating, Rethinking and Re-Evaluating to Meet the Challenge of Complexity. Environments. ISSN 2076-3298. 8(10). doi: 10.3390/environments8100098. Vis sammendrag

  A convincing case has been made that the scale of human activity has reached such pervasiveness that humans are akin to a force of nature. How environmental science responds to the many new challenges of the Anthropocene is at the forefront of the field. The aim of this perspective is to describe Anthropocene as a concept and a time period and discuss its relevance to the contemporary study of environmental science. Specifically, we consider areas in environmental science which may need to be revisited to adjust to complexity of the new era: (a) recalibrate the idea of environmental baselines as Anthropogenic baselines; (b) rethink multiple stressor approaches to recognize a system under flux; (c) re-evaluate the relationship of environmental science with other disciplines, particularly Earth Systems Science, but also social sciences and humanities. The all-encompassing nature of the Anthropocene necessitates the need to revise and reorganize to meet the challenge of complexity.

• Halle, Louise L.; Palmqvist, Annemette; Kampmann, Kristoffer; Jensen, Anders; Hansen, Tobias & Khan, Farhan (2021). Tire wear particle and leachate exposures from a pristine and road-worn tire to Hyalella azteca: Comparison of chemical content and biological effects. Aquatic Toxicology. ISSN 0166-445X. 232, s. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105769.
• Halden, Rolf U.; Rolsky, Charles & Khan, Farhan (2021). Time: A Key Driver of Uncertainty When Assessing the Risk of Environmental Plastics to Human Health. Environmental Science and Technology. ISSN 0013-936X. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02580.
• Naji, Abolfazl; Azadkhah, Sharifeh; Farahani, Hadi; Uddin, Saif & Khan, Farhan (2021). Microplastics in wastewater outlets of Bandar Abbas city (Iran): A potential point source of microplastics into the Persian Gulf. Chemosphere. ISSN 0045-6535. 262, s. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128039.
• Mayoma, Bahati S; Sørensen, Christina; Shashoua, Yvonne & Khan, Farhan (2020). Microplastics in beach sediments and cockles (Anadara antiquata) along the Tanzanian coastline. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. ISSN 0007-4861. 105, s. 513–521. doi: 10.1007/s00128-020-02991-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Little is known about the prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in East Africa. In the present study, sediments were sampled at 18 sites along the Tanzanian coast that exhibit different levels of anthropogenic activity and were extracted using floatation methodology. Cockles (Anadara antiquata) were collected only from eight sites and MPs were extracted following NaOH digestion. MPs were most abundant at Mtoni Kijichi Creek (MKC, 2972 ± 238 particles kg−1 dry sediment), an industrial port in Dar es Salaam, and significantly higher than all other sites where the abundance range was 15–214 particles kg−1 dry sediment (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). Fragments and fibers were found at all sites. Polypropylene and polyethylene were identified polymers. MPs were found in cockles from all sampled sites with both frequencies of occurrence and MPs per individual subject to site-specific variation. This study provides a baseline of MP data in a previously uninvestigated area.

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