Johan Øvrevik

• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Vondráček, Jan; Machala, Miroslav; Lagadic-Gossmann, Dominique; Vogel, Christoph F.A & Le Ferrec, Eric [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Lung cancer associated with combustion particles and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) - The roles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Biochemical Pharmacology. ISSN 0006-2952. 216. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115801. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Refsnes, Magne; Skuland, Tonje; Jørgensen, Rikke; Grytting, Vegard Sæter; Snilsberg, Brynhild & Øvrevik, Johan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Role of different mechanisms in pro-inflammatory responses triggered by traffic-derived particulate matter in human bronchiolar epithelial cells. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. ISSN 1743-8977. 20(1). doi: 10.1186/s12989-023-00542-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Låg, Marit; Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Parenicová, Martina; Ciganek, Miroslav & Penciková, Katerina [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Characterization of elements, PAHs, AhR-activity and pro-inflammatory responses of road tunnel-derived particulate matter in human hepatocyte-like and bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 90, s. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105611. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Frerker, Nadine; Rambøl, Mia Marie-Elisabeth; Karlsen, Tommy Aleksander & Brinchmann, Jan E. [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Effects of organic chemicals from diesel exhaust particles on adipocytes differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. ISSN 1742-7835. 132(1), s. 83–97. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13805. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from incomplete fossil fuel combustion (coal, oil, gas and diesel) has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality due to metabolic diseases. PM2.5 exaggerate adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity. Here, we elucidate the hypothesis that such systemic effects may be triggered by adhered particle components affecting adipose tissue directly. Studying adipocytes differentiated from primary human mesenchymal stem cells, we found that lipophilic organic chemicals (OC) from diesel exhaust particles induced inflammation-associated genes and increased secretion of the chemokine CXLC8/interleukin-8 as well as matrix metalloprotease 1. The oxidative stress response gene haem oxygenase-1 and tumour necrosis factor alpha were seemingly not affected, while aryl hydrocarbon receptor-regulated genes, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, were clearly up-regulated. Finally, expression of β-adrenergic receptor, known to regulate adipocyte homoeostasis, was down-regulated by exposure to these lipophilic OC. Our results indicate that low concentrations of OC from combustion particles have the potential to modify expression of genes in adipocytes that may be linked to metabolic disease. Further studies on mechanisms linking PM exposure and metabolic diseases are warranted.

• Grytting, Vegard Sæter; Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Låg, Marit; Erichsen, Eyolf; Røhr, Torkil Sørlie & Snilsberg, Brynhild [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The importance of mineralogical composition for the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of mineral dust. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. ISSN 1743-8977. 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s12989-022-00486-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oczkowski, Michał; Wilczak, Jacek; Dziendzikowska, Katarzyna; Øvrevik, Johan; Myhre, Oddvar & Lankoff, Anna [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Dietary Intervention with Blackcurrant Pomace Protects Rats from Testicular Oxidative Stress Induced by Exposition to Biodiesel Exhaust. Antioxidants. ISSN 2076-3921. 11(8). doi: 10.3390/antiox11081562. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Grytting, Vegard Sæter; Låg, Marit; Jørgensen, Rikke Bramming; Snilsberg, Brynhild & Leseman, Daan L.A.C. [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. ISSN 1743-8977. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Valen, Håkon; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Vist, Gunn Elisabeth; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian & Becher, Rune [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may explain the paradoxical effects of cigarette use on preeclampsia (PE). Toxicology. ISSN 0300-483X. 473. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153206. Vis sammendrag

  Tobacco smoking and use of snus (smokeless tobacco) are associated with adverse effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Nicotine is considered a key toxicant involved in effects caused by both smoking and snus, while pyrolysis products including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke represents the constituents most unequally divided between these two groups of tobacco products. The aim of this review was: i) to compare the impact, in terms of relative effect estimates, of cigarette smoking and use of Swedish snus on pregnancy outcomes using similar non-tobacco user controls, and ii) to examine whether exposure to PAHs from smoking could explain possible differences in impact on pregnancy outcomes. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to October 2021 and identified studies reporting risks for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with snus use and with smoking relative to pregnant women with no use of tobacco. Both snus use and smoking were associated with increased risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, and oral cleft malformation, with comparable point estimates. These effects were likely due to comparable nicotine exposure. We also found striking differences. While both smoking and snus increased the risk of having small for gestational age (SGA) infants, risk from maternal smoking was markedly higher as was the reduction in birthweight. In contrast, the risk of preeclampsia (PE) was markedly lower in smokers than in controls, while snus use was associated with a slightly increased risk. We suggest that PAHs acting via AhR may explain the stronger effects of tobacco smoking on SGA and also to the apparent protective effect of cigarette smoking on PE. Possible mechanisms involved include: i) disrupted endocrine control of fetal development as well as placental development and function, and ii) stress adaption and immune suppression in placenta and mother.

• Grytting, Vegard Sæter; Chand, Prem; Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan & Refsnes, Magne Arnold (2022). The pro-inflammatory effects of combined exposure to diesel exhaust particles and mineral particles in human bronchial epithelial cells. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. ISSN 1743-8977. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12989-022-00455-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Moazami, Therese Nitter; Hilt, Bjørn; Sørås, Kirsti; Svendsen, Kristin V Hirsch; Dahlman, Hans Jørgen & Refsnes, Magne Arnold [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Short-term exposure to stone minerals used in asphalt affect lung function and promote pulmonary inflammation among healthy adults. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. ISSN 0355-3140. 48(5), s. 410–418. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4023. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Moazami, Therese Nitter; Hilt, Bjørn; Svendsen, Kristin V Hirsch; Buhagen, Morten; Dahlman, Hans Jørgen & Øvrevik, Johan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Inflammatory effects of exposure to different stone types used in Norwegian asphalt. SINTEF proceedings. ISSN 2387-4287. s. 538–545.
• Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Øvrevik, Johan & Låg, Marit (2021). Role of scavenger receptors in silica nanoparticle-induced cytokine responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 353, s. 100–106. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.004. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berntsen, Hanne Friis; Bodin, Johanna Eva; Øvrevik, Johan; Berntsen, Christopher Friis; Østby, Gunn Charlotte & Brinchmann, Bendik Christian [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). A human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants induces reactive oxygen species formation in isolated human leucocytes: Involvement of the β2-adrenergic receptor. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 158. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106900. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Exposure to chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br) and perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with immunotoxicity and other adverse effects in humans and animals. Previous studies on POPs have mainly focused on single chemicals, while studies on complex mixtures are limited. Using DCF and luminol assays we examined effects on ROS generation in isolated human neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, after in vitro exposure to a total mixture and sub-mixtures of 29 persistent compounds (Cl, Br, and PFAA). The mixtures were based on compounds prominent in blood, breast milk, and/or food. All mixture combinations induced ROS production in one or several of the cell models, and in some cases even at concentrations corresponding to human blood levels (compound range 1 pM – 16 nM). Whilst some interactions were detected (assessed using a mixed linear model), halogenated subgroups mainly acted additively. Mechanistic studies in neutrophils at 500× human levels (0.5 nM – 8 µM) indicated similar mechanisms of action for the Cl, PFAA, the combined PFAA + Cl and total (PFAA + Br + Cl) mixtures, and ROS responses appeared to involve β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and Ca2+ signalling, as well as activation of NADPH oxidases. In line with this, the total mixture also increased cyclic AMP at levels comparable with the non-selective βAR agonist, isoproterenol. Although the detailed mechanisms involved in these responses remain to be elucidated, our data show that POP mixtures at concentrations found in human blood, may trigger stress responses in circulating immune cells. Mixtures of POPs, further seemed to interfere with adrenergic pathways, indicating a novel role of βARs in POP-induced effects.

• Grytting, Vegard Sæter; Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Øvrevik, Johan; Halle, Marit Sigrid; Schönenberger, Jasmin & van der Lelij, Roelant [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Respirable stone particles differ in their ability to induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cell models of the human airways. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. ISSN 1743-8977. 18. doi: 10.1186/s12989-021-00409-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Marchetti, Sara; Mollerup, Steen Kristen; Gutzkow, Kristine Bjerve; Rizzi, Cristiana; Skuland, Tonje Schwach & Refsnes, Magne Arnold [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Biological effects of combustion-derived particles from different biomass sources on human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 75. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105190. Vis sammendrag

  Combustion-derived particles (CDPs), in particular from traffic, are regarded as a central contributor for adverse health effects linked to air pollution. Recently, also biomass burning has been recognized as an important source for CDPs. Here, the effects of CDPs (PM10) originating from burning of pellet, charcoal and wood on key processes associated to lung carcinogenesis were explored. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) were exposed to 2.5 μg/cm2 of CDPs for 24 h and biological effects were examined in terms of cytotoxicity, inflammation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related effects, DNA damage and genotoxicity. Reduced cell migration, inflammation and modulation of various PM-associated genes were observed mainly after exposure to wood and pellet. In contrast, only particles from pellet burning induced alteration in cell proliferation and DNA damage, which resulted in cell cycle alterations. Charcoal instead, appeared in general less effective in inducing pro-carcinogenic effects. These results illustrate differences in the toxicological profile due to the CDPs source. The different chemical compounds adsorbed on CDPs seemed to be central for particle properties, leading to an activation of various cellular signaling pathways involved in early steps of cancer progression.

• Villanger, Gro Dehli; Øvrevik, Johan; Aase, Heidi & Myhre, Oddvar (2020). Early-Life Environmental Toxic Influences on Neural Development. I Xia, Yankai (Red.), Early-life Environmental Exposure and Disease. Springer. ISSN 978-981-15-3796-7. s. 141–159. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-3797-4_8.
• Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan; Refsnes, Magne Arnold & Holme, Jørn Andreas (2020). Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air pollution-induced non-malignant respiratory diseases. Respiratory Research. ISSN 1465-9921. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01563-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Låg, Marit; Gutleb, Arno; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Serchi, Tommaso & Øvrevik, Johan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Pro-inflammatory effects of crystalline- and nano-sized non-crystalline silica particles in a 3D alveolar model . Particle and Fibre Toxicology. ISSN 1743-8977. 17(1), s. 1–18. doi: 10.1186/s12989-020-00345-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are among the most widely manufactured and used nanoparticles. Concerns about potential health effects of SiNPs have therefore risen. Using a 3D tri-culture model of the alveolar lung barrier we examined effects of exposure to SiNPs (Si10) and crystalline silica (quartz; Min-U-Sil) in the apical compartment consisting of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages, as well as in the basolateral compartment with Ea.hy926 endothelial cells. Inflammation-related responses were measured by ELISA and gene expression. Results Exposure to both Si10 and Min-U-Sil induced gene expression and release of CXCL8, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytokine/chemokine expression and protein levels were highest in the apical compartment. Si10 and Min-U-Sil also induced expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the apical compartment. In the basolateral endothelial compartment we observed marked, but postponed effects on expression of all these genes, but only at the highest particle concentrations. Geneexpressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the metalloproteases (MMP-1 and MMP-9) were less affected. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), markedly reduced effects of Si10 and Min-U-Sil exposures on gene expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, as well as cytokine-release in both compartments. Conclusions Si10 and Min-U-Sil induced gene expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/adhesion molecules at both the epithelial/macrophage and endothelial side of a 3D tri-culture. Responses in the basolateral endothelial cells were only induced at high concentrations, and seemed to be mediated by IL-1α/β released from the apical epithelial cells and macrophages.

• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Øya, Elisabeth; Afanou, Komlavi Anani; Øvrevik, Johan & Wijnand, Eduard (2020). Characterization and pro‐inflammatory potential of indoor mold particles. Indoor Air. ISSN 0905-6947. 30(4), s. 662–681. doi: 10.1111/ina.12656. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A number of epidemiological studies find an association between indoor air dampness and respiratory health effects. This is often suggested to be linked to enhanced mold growth. However, the role of mold are obviously difficult to disentangle from other dampness related exposure including microbes as well as non‐biological particles and chemical pollutants. The association may partly be due to visible mycelial growth and a characteristic musty smell of mold. Thus, the potential role of mold exposure should be further explored by evaluating information from experimental studies elucidating possible mechanistic links. Such studies show that exposure to spores and hyphal fragments may act as allergens and pro‐inflammatory mediators, and that they may damage airways by the production of toxins, enzymes and volatile organic compounds. In the present review, we hypothesizes that continuous exposure to mold particles may result in chronic low‐grade pro‐inflammatory responses contributing to respiratory diseases. We summarize some of the main methods for detection and characterization of fungal aerosols and highlight in vitro research elucidating how molds may induce toxicity and pro‐inflammatory reactions in human cell models relevant for airway exposure. Data suggest that the fraction of fungal hyphal fragments in indoor air is much higher than that of airborne spores, and the hyphal fragments often have a higher pro‐inflammatory potential. Thus, hyphal fragments of prevalent mold species with strong pro‐inflammatory potential may be particularly relevant candidates for respiratory diseases associated with damp/mold‐contaminated indoor air. Future studies linking of indoor air dampness with health effects should assess the toxicity and pro‐inflammatory potential of indoor air particulate matter, and combined this information with a better characterization of biological components including hyphal fragments from both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic mold species. Such studies may increase our understanding of the potential role of mold exposure.

• Øvrevik, Johan (2019). Oxidative potential versus biological effects: A review on the relevance of cell-free/abiotic assays as predictors of toxicity from airborne particulate matter. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 20(19), s. 1–21. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194772. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Låg, Marit & Øvrevik, Johan (2019). Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles. Environmental health. ISSN 1476-069X. 18(74), s. 1–18. doi: 10.1186/s12940-019-0514-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Le Ferrec, Eric; Lagadic-Gossmann, Dominique & Øvrevik, Johan (2019). Combustion particle-induced changes in calcium homeostasis: A contributing factor to vascular disease? Cardiovascular Toxicology. ISSN 1530-7905. 19(3), s. 198–209. doi: 10.1007/s12012-019-09518-9.
• Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Lilleaas, Edel Marie; Øvrevik, Johan & Låg, Marit (2019). Concentration-dependent cytokine responses of silica nanoparticles and role of ROS in human lung epithelial cells. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. ISSN 1742-7835. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13221.
• Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Le Ferrec, Eric; Podechard, Normand; Lagadic-Gossmann, Dominique; Holme, Jørn Andreas & Øvrevik, Johan (2019). Organic chemicals from diesel exhaust particles affects intracellular calcium, inflammation and β-adrenoceptors in endothelial cells. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 302, s. 18–27. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.009. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Magnusson, Pål Amdal; Dziendzikowska, Katarzyna; Oczkowski, Michał; Øvrevik, Johan; Eide, Dag Markus & Brunborg, Gunnar [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Lung effects of 7- and 28-day inhalation exposure of rats to emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels with and without particle filter - The FuelHealth project. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. ISSN 1382-6689. 67, s. 8–20. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.005.
• Øya, Elisabeth; Becher, Rune; Ekeren, Leni Johanne; Afanou, Komlavi Anani; Øvrevik, Johan & Holme, Jørn Andreas (2019). Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Induced by Spores and Hyphal Fragments of Common Damp Indoor Molds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 16(6), s. 1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16061085. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Damp indoor environments contaminated with different mold species may contribute to the development and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to X-ray treated spores and hyphal fragments from pure cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor and Stachybotrys chartarum. Hyphal fragments of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum induced expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the chemokine IL-8, while none of the other hyphal preparations had effects. Hyphal fragments from A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum also increased the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but these cytokines were not released. X-ray treated spores had little or no inflammatory potential. Attenuating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 by blocking antibodies strongly reduced the A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum hyphae-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release, whereas TLR4 antagonist treatment was without effects. Untreated A. fumigatus spores formed hyphae and triggered expression of pro-inflammatory genes with similarities to the effects of hyphal fragments. In conclusion, while X-ray treated spores induced no pro-inflammatory responses, hyphal fragments of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum enhanced a TLR2-dependent expression and release of IL-6 and IL-8.

• Øya, Elisabeth; Zegeye, Fikirte Debebe; Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Øvstebø, Reidun; Afanou, Komlavi Anani & Øvrevik, Johan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Hyphae fragments from A. fumigatus sensitize lung cells to silica particles (Min-U-Sil): Increased release of IL-1? Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 55, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.11.002. Vis sammendrag

  Exposure to particulate matter (PM), such as mineral particles and biological particles/components may be linked to aggravation of respiratory diseases, including asthma. Here we report that exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae fragments (AFH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced both mRNA synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in both human THP-1 monocytes (THP-1 Mo) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 monocytes (THP-1 macrophages; THP-1 Ma); while Min-U-Sil alone enhanced the release of IL-1β only in THP-1 Ma. Co-exposure to LPS or AFH with Min-U-Sil caused a synergistic release of IL-1β when compared to single exposures. In contrast, Min-U-Sil did not markedly change LPS- and AFH-induced release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The combined exposures did not increase the LPS- and AFH-induced expression of IL-1β mRNA. Notably, the AFH- and LPS-induced IL-1β responses with and without co-exposure to Min-U-Sil in THP-1 Mo were found to be caspase-dependent as shown by inhibition with zYVAD-fmk. Furthermore, co-exposure with AFH and Min-U-Sil resulted in similar synergistic releases of IL-1β in primary human airway macrophages (AM; sputum), peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and in the human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). In conclusion, AFH induce both the synthesis and release of IL-1β. However, Min-U-Sil further enhanced the cleavage of the induced pro-IL-1β.

• Valand, Renate; Magnusson, Pål Amdal; Dziendzikowska, Katarzyna; Gajewska, Malgorzata; Wilczak, Jacek & Oczkowski, Michał [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Gene expression changes in rat brain regions after 7- and 28 days inhalation exposure to exhaust emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels - The FuelHealth project. Inhalation Toxicology. ISSN 0895-8378. 30(7-8), s. 299–312. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1520370.
• Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Le Ferrec, Eric; Bisson, William H; Podechard, Normand; Huitfeldt, Henrik & Gallais, Isabelle [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Evidence of Selective Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nongenomic Calcium Signaling by Pyrene. Biochemical Pharmacology. ISSN 0006-2952. 158, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.023. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dziendzikowska, K; Gajewska, Malgorzata; Wilczak, Jacek; Mruk, R; Oczkowski, Michał & Żyła, Ewa [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). The effects of 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel exhaust exposure on hematological and biochemical blood indices of Fisher344 male rats – The FuelHealth project. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. ISSN 1382-6689. 63, s. 34–47. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.001.
• Longhin, Eleonora; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Gualtieri, Maurizio; Camatini, Marina & Øvrevik, Johan (2018). Milan winter fine particulate matter (wPM2.5) induces IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis in human bronchial BEAS-2B cells, but specifically impairs IL-8 release. Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 52, s. 365–373. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.016.
• Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Le Ferrec, Eric; Podechard, Normand; Lagadic-Gossmann, Dominique; Shoji, Kenji F. & Penna, Aubin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Lipophilic chemicals from diesel exhaust particles trigger calcium response in human endothelial cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptor non-genomic signalling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 19(5). doi: 10.3390/ijms19051429. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Rambøl, Mia Marie-Elisabeth; Szöke, Krisztina; Brinchmann, Jan E. & Gutleb, Arno C. [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Lipophilic components of diesel exhaust particles induce pro-inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells through AhR dependent pathway(s). Particle and Fibre Toxicology. ISSN 1743-8977. 15. doi: 10.1186/s12989-018-0257-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Budnik, Lygia Therese; Adam, Balazs; Albin, Maria; Banelli, Barbara; Baur, Xaver & Belpoggi, Fiorella [Vis alle 25 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment: DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. ISSN 1745-6673. 13. doi: 10.1186/s12995-018-0186-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Myhre, Oddvar; Låg, Marit; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Oftedal, Bente Margaret; Øvrevik, Johan & Holme, Jørn Andreas [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Early life exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM) as risk factor for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Need for novel strategies for mechanisms and causalities. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. ISSN 0041-008X. 354, s. 196–214. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.015.
• Becher, Rune; Øvrevik, Johan; Schwarze, Per Everhard; Nilsen, Steinar Klubben; Hongslo, Jan Kenneth & Bakke, Jan Vilhelm (2018). Do carpets impair indoor air quality and cause adverse health outcomes: a review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 15(2). doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020184. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Le Ferrec, Eric & Øvrevik, Johan (2017). G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and environmental exposure. Consequences for cell metabolism using the β-adrenoceptors as example. Current Opinion in Toxicology. ISSN 2468-2020. 8, s. 14–19. doi: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.11.012.
• Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Magnusson, Pål Amdal; Oczkowski, Michal; Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Joanna & Kruszewski, Marcin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Proinflammatory effects of diesel exhaust particles from moderate blend concentrations of 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells-The FuelHealth project. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. ISSN 1382-6689. 52, s. 138–142. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.004. Vis sammendrag

  Biodiesel fuel fuels are introduced at an increasing extent as a more carbon-neutral alternative to reduce CO2-emissions, compared to conventional diesel fuel. In the present study we have investigated the impact of increasing the use of 1st generation fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel from current 7% blend (B7) to 20% blend (B20), or by increasing the biodiesel content by adding 2nd generation hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) based biodiesel (SHB; Synthetic Hydrocarbon Biofuel) on toxicity of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in an in vitro system. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-25 cells were exposed for 4 and 20 h to DEP from B7, B20 and SHB at different concentrations, and examined for effects on gene expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), CXCL8 (IL-8), CYP1A1 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The results show that both B20 and SHB were more potent inducers of IL-6 expression compared to B7. Only B20 induced statistically significant increases in CXCL8 expression. By comparison the rank order of potency to induce CYP1A1 was SHB > B7 > B20. No statistically significant difference were observed form HO-1 expression, suggesting that the differences in cytokine responses were not due to oxidative stress. The results show that even moderate increases in biodiesel blends, from 7% to 20%, may increase the proinflammatory potential of emitted DEP in BEAS-2B cells. This effect was observed for both addition of 1st generation FAME and 2nd generation HVO biodiesel.

• Kowalska, Magdalena; Wegierek-Ciuk, Aneta; Brzoska, Kamil; Wojewódzka, Maria; Meczynska-Wielgosz, Sylwia & Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Joanna [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Genotoxic potential of diesel exhaust particles from the combustion of first- and second-generation biodiesel fuels-the FuelHealth project. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. ISSN 0944-1344. 24(31), s. 24223–24234 . doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9995-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Epidemiological data indicate that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from traffic emissions is associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, accelerated progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and possible lung cancer. While the impact of DEPs from combustion of fossil diesel fuel on human health has been extensively studied, current knowledge of DEPs from combustion of biofuels provides limited and inconsistent information about its mutagenicity and genotoxicity, as well as possible adverse health risks. The objective of the present work was to compare the genotoxicity of DEPs from combustion of two first-generation fuels, 7% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) (B7) and 20% FAME (B20), and a second-generation 20% FAME/hydrotreated vegetable oil (SHB: synthetic hydrocarbon biofuel) fuel. Our results revealed that particulate engine emissions from each type of biodiesel fuel induced genotoxic effects in BEAS-2B and A549 cells, manifested as the in-creased levels of single-strand breaks, the increased frequencies of micronuclei, or the deregulated expression of genes involved in DNA damage signaling pathways. We also found that none of the tested DEPs showed the induction of oxidative DNA damage and the gamma-H2AX-detectable double-strand breaks. The most pronounced differences concerning the tested particles were observed for the induction of single-strand breaks, with the greatest genotoxicity being associated with the B7-derived DEPs. The differences in other effects between DEPs from the different biodiesel blend percentage and biodiesel feedstock were also observed, but the magnitude of these variations was limited.

• Becher, Rune; Høie, Anja Hortemo; Bakke, Jan Vilhelm; Holøs, Sverre Bjørn & Øvrevik, Johan (2017). Dampness and Moisture Problems in Norwegian Homes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 14(10). doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101241. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The occurrence of dampness and mold in the indoor environment is associated with respiratory-related disease outcomes. Thus, it is pertinent to know the magnitude of such indoor environment problems to be able to estimate the potential health impact in the population. In the present study, the moisture damage in 10,112 Norwegian dwellings was recorded based on building inspection reports. The levels of moisture damage were graded based on a condition class (CC), where CC0 is immaculate and CC1 acceptable (actions not required), while CC2 and CC3 indicate increased levels of damage that requires action. Of the 10,112 dwellings investigated, 3125 had verified moisture or mold damage. This amounts to 31% of the surveyed dwellings. Of these, 27% had CC2 as the worst grade, whereas 4% had CC3 as the worst grade level. The room types and building structures most prone to moisture damage were (in rank order) crawl spaces, basements, un-insulated attics, cooling rooms, and bathrooms. The high proportion of homes with moisture damage indicate a possible risk for respiratory diseases in a relatively large number of individuals, even if only the more extensive moisture damages and those located in rooms where occupants spend the majority of their time would have a significant influence on adverse health effects

• Øvrevik, Johan; Refsnes, Magne; Låg, Marit; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Schwarze, Per E & Holme, Jørn Andreas (2017). Triggering mechanisms and Inflammatory effects of combustion exhaust particles with implication for carcinogenesis. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. ISSN 1742-7835. 121, s. 55–62. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12746.
• Lankoff, Anna; Brzoska, Kamil; Czarnocka, Joanna; Kowalska, Magdalena; Lisowska, Halina & Mruk, Remigiusz [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). A comparative analysis of in vitro toxicity of diesel exhaust particles from combustion of 1st-and 2nd-generation biodiesel fuels in relation to their physicochemical properties-the FuelHealth project. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. ISSN 0944-1344. 24(23), s. 19357–19374. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9561-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Biodiesels represent more carbon-neutral fuels and are introduced at an increasing extent to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. However, the potential impact of different types and blend concentrations of biodiesel on the toxicity of diesel engine emissions are still relatively scarce and to some extent contradictory. The objective of the present work was to compare the toxicity of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) from combustion of two 1st-generation fuels: 7% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; B7) and 20% FAME (B20) and a 2nd-generation 20% FAME/HVO (synthetic hydrocarbon biofuel (SHB)) fuel. Our findings indicate that particulate emissions of each type of biodiesel fuel induce cytotoxic effects in BEAS-2B and A549 cells, manifested as cell death (apoptosis or necrosis), decreased protein concentrations, intracellular ROS production, as well as increased expression of antioxidant genes and genes coding for DNA damage-response proteins. The different biodiesel blend percentages and biodiesel feedstocks led to marked differences in chemical composition of the emitted DEP. The different DEPs also displayed statistically significant differences in cytotoxicity in A549 and BEAS-2B cells, but the magnitude of these variations was limited. Overall, it seems that increasing biodiesel blend concentrations from the current 7 to 20% FAME, or substituting 1st-generation FAME biodiesel with 2nd-generation HVO biodiesel (at least below 20% blends), affects the in vitro toxicity of the emitted DEP to some extent, but the biological significance of this may be moderate.

• Magnusson, Pål Amdal; Oczkowski, Michał; Øvrevik, Johan; Gajewska, Malgorzata; Wilczak, Jacek & Biedrzycki, Jacek [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). No adverse lung effects of 7- and 28-day inhalation exposure of rats to emissions from petrodiesel fuel containing 20% rapeseed methyl esters (B20) with and without particulate filter - the FuelHealth project. Inhalation Toxicology. ISSN 0895-8378. 29(5), s. 206–218. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1339149.
• Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan; Totlandsdal, Annike Irene; Lilleaas, Edel; Thormodsæter, Anders & Holme, Jørn Andreas [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Air pollution-related metals induce differential cytokine responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 36, s. 53–65. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.004.
• Longhin, Eleonora; Gualtieri, Maurizio; Capasso, Lauro; Bengalli, Rossella; Mollerup, Steen Kristen & Holme, Jørn Andreas [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Physico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles. Environmental Pollution (1987). ISSN 0269-7491. 215, s. 366–375. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.015. Vis sammendrag

  Diesel combustion and solid biomass burning are the major sources of ultrafine particles (UFP) in urbanized areas. Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, are possible outcomes of combustion particles exposure, but differences in particles properties seem to influence their biological effects. Here the physico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles, produced under controlled laboratory conditions, have been characterized. Diesel UFP were sampled from a Euro 4 light duty vehicle without DPF fuelled by commercial diesel and run over a chassis dyno. Biomass UFP were collected from a modern automatic 25 kW boiler propelled by prime quality spruce pellet. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of both diesel and biomass samples showed aggregates of soot particles, but in biomass samples ash particles were also present. Chemical characterization showed that metals and PAHs total content was higher in diesel samples compared to biomass ones. Human bronchial epithelial (HBEC3) cells were exposed to particles for up to 2 weeks. Changes in the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism were observed after exposure to both UFP already after 24 h. However, only diesel particles modulated the expression of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increased the release of inflammatory mediators and caused phenotypical alterations, mostly after two weeks of exposure. These results show that diesel UFP affected cellular processes involved in lung and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Biomass particles exerted low biological activity compared to diesel UFP. This evidence emphasizes that the study of different emission sources contribution to ambient PM toxicity may have a fundamental role in the development of more effective strategies for air quality improvement.

• Øvrevik, Johan; Refsnes, Magne; Låg, Marit; Holme, Jørn Andreas & Schwarze, Per E (2015). Activation of proinflammatory responses in cells of the airway mucosa by particulate matter: Oxidant- and non-oxidant-mediated triggering mechanisms. Biomolecules. ISSN 2218-273X. 5(3), s. 1399–1440. doi: 10.3390/biom5031399.
• Bach, Nicolai S; Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Totlandsdal, Annike Irene; Skuland, Tonje Schwach & Holme, Jørn Andreas [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Cytokine responses induced by diesel exhaust particles are suppressed by PAR-2 silencing and antioxidant treatment, and driven by polar and non-polar soluble constituents. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 238(2), s. 72–82. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.07.002.
• Refsnes, Magne; Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Låg, Marit; Schwarze, Per E & Øvrevik, Johan (2014). Differential NF-κB and MAPK activation underlies fluoride- and TPA-mediated CXCL 8 (IL-8) induction in lung epithelial cells. Journal of Inflammation Research. ISSN 1178-7031. 7, s. 169–185. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S69646. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øvrevik, Johan; Låg, Marit; Lecureur, Valerie; Gilot, David; Lagadic-Gossmann, Dominique & Refsnes, Magne [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). AhR and Arnt differentially regulate NF-κB signaling and chemokine responses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Communication and Signaling. ISSN 1478-811X. 12(1). doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0048-8.
• Mayati, A; Le Ferrec, E; Holme, JA; Fardel, O; Lagadic-Gossmann, D & Øvrevik, Johan (2014). Calcium signaling and β2-adrenergic receptors regulate 1-nitropyrene induced CXCL8 responses in BEAS-2B cells. Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 28(6), s. 1153–1157. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.05.012.
• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Nyvold, Hannah Elise; Tat, V; Arlt, V M; Bhargava, A & Gutzkow, Kristine Bjerve [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Mechanisms linked to differences in the mutagenic potential of 1,3-dinitropyrene and 1,8-dinitropyrene. Toxicology reports. ISSN 2214-7500. 1, s. 459–473. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.009. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bach, Nicolai S; Låg, Marit & Øvrevik, Johan (2014). Toll like receptor-3 priming alters diesel exhaust particle-induced cytokine responses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 228(1), s. 42–47. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.021.
• Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Øvrevik, Johan; Låg, Marit; Schwarze, Per E & Refsnes, Magne (2014). Silica nanoparticles induce cytokine responses in lung epithelial cells through activation of a p38/TACE/TGF-α/EGFR-pathway and NF-κΒ signalling. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. ISSN 0041-008X. 279(1), s. 76–86. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.05.006.
• Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Øvrevik, Johan; Låg, Marit & Refsnes, Magne (2014). Role of size and surface area for pro-inflammatory responses to silica nanoparticles in epithelial lung cells: importance of exposure conditions. Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 28(2), s. 146–155. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.018.
• Totlandsdal, Annike Irene; Øvrevik, Johan; Cocheran, Richard; Herseth, Jan Inge; Bølling, Anette Kocbach & Låg, Marit [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives and the proinflammatory potential of fractionated extracts of diesel exhaust and wood smoke particles. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. ISSN 1093-4529. 49(4), s. 383–396. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2014.854586. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Exposure to combustion emissions, including diesel engine exhaust and wood smoke particles (DEPs and WSPs), has been associated with inflammatory responses. To investigate the possible role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH-derivatives, the DEPs and WSPs methanol extracts were fractionated by solid phase extraction (SPE), and the fractions were analyzed for more than ~120 compounds. The pro-inflammatory effects of the fractionated extracts were characterized by exposure of bronchial epithelial lung cells (BEAS-2B). Both native DEPs and WSPs caused a concentration-dependent increase in IL-6 and IL-8 release and cytotoxicity. This is consistent with the finding of a rather similar total content of PAHs and PAH-derivatives. Yet, the samples differed in specific components, suggesting that different species contribute to the toxicological response in these two types of particles. The majority of the IL-6 release and cytotoxicity was induced upon exposure to the most polar (methanol) SPE fraction of extracts from both samples. In these fractions hydroxy-PAHs, carboxy-PAHs were observed along with nitro-amino-PAHs in DEP. However, the biological effects induced by the polar fractions could not be attributed only to the occurrence of PAH-derivatives. The present findings indicate a need for further characterization of organic extracts, beyond an extensive analysis of commonly suspected PAH and PAH-derivatives.

• Øvrevik, Johan; Refsnes, Magne; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Schwarze, Per E & Låg, Marit (2013). Mechanisms of chemokine responses by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bronchial epithelial cells: sensitization through toll-like receptor-3 priming. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 219(2), s. 125–132. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.014.
• Øvrevik, Johan; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Låg, Marit; Schwarze, Per E & Refsnes, Magne (2013). Differential chemokine induction by 1-nitropyrene and 1-aminopyrene in bronchial epithelial cells: Importance of the TACE/TGF-alpha/EGFR-pathway. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. ISSN 1382-6689. 35(2), s. 235–239. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.12.011.
• Schwarze, Per E; Totlandsdal, Annike Irene; Låg, Marit; Refsnes, Magne; Holme, Jørn Andreas & Øvrevik, Johan (2013). Inflammation-Related Effects of Diesel Engine Exhaust Particles: Studies on Lung Cells In Vitro. Biomedical Research. ISSN 0388-6107. doi: 10.1155/2013/685142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Øvrevik, Johan; Samuelsen, Jan Tore; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Rakkestad, Kirsten Eline & Mathisen, Gro Haarklou [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) induces TNF-alpha release and macrophage differentiation through different signalling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 209(1), s. 43–50. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.016.
• Totlandsdal, Annike Irene; Herseth, Jan Inge; Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Kubatova, Alena; Braun, Artur & Cochran, Richard E. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Differential effects of the particle core and organic extract of diesel exhaust particles. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 208(3), s. 262–268. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.025.
• Øvrevik, Johan; Refsnes, Magne; Totlandsdal, Annike Irene; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Schwarze, Per E & Låg, Marit (2011). TACE/TGF-a/EGFR regulates CXCL8 in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to particulate matter components. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 38(5), s. 1189–1199. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00171110.
• Øya, Elisabeth; Øvrevik, Johan; Arlt, Volker M; Nagy, Eszter; Phillips, David H & Holme, Jørn Andreas (2011). DNA damage and DNA damage response in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells following exposure to 2-nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone: role in apoptosis. Mutagenesis. ISSN 0267-8357. 26(6), s. 697–708. doi: 10.1093/mutage/ger035.
• Gualtieri, Maurizio; Øvrevik, Johan; Mollerup, Steen Kristen; Asare, Nana; Longhin, Eleonora & Dahlman, Hans-Jørgen [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Airborne urban particles (Milan winter-PM2.5) cause mitotic arrest and cell death: Effects on DNA, mitochondria, AhR binding and spindle organization. Mutation research. ISSN 0027-5107. 713(1-2), s. 18–31. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.011. Vis sammendrag

  Airborne particulate matter (PM) is considered to be an important contributor to lung diseases. In the present study we report that Milan winter-PM2.5 inhibited proliferation in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by inducing mitotic arrest. The cell cycle arrest was followed by an increase in mitotic-apoptotic cells, mitotic slippage and finally an increase in “classical” apoptotic cells. Exposure to winter-PM10 induced only a slight effect which may be due to the presence of PM2.5 in this fraction while pure combustion particles failed to disturb mitosis. Fewer cells expressing the mitosis marker phospho-histone H3 compared to cells with condensed chromosomes, suggest that PM2.5 induced premature mitosis. PM2.5 was internalized into the cells and often localized in laminar organelles, although particles without apparent plasma membrane covering were also seen. In PM-containing cells mitochondria and lysosomes were often damaged, and in mitotic cells fragmented chromosomes often appeared. PM2.5 induced DNA strands breaks and triggered a DNA-damage response characterized by increased phosphorylation of ATM, Chk2 and H2AX; as well as induced a marked increase in expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated genes, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and AhRR. Furthermore, some disturbance of the organization of microtubules was indicated. It is hypothesized that the induced mitotic arrest and following cell death was due to a premature chromosome condensation caused by a combination of DNA, mitochondrial and spindle damage.

• Schwarze, Per E; Totlandsdal, Annike Irene; Herseth, Jan Inge; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Låg, Marit & Refsnes, Magne [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Importance of sources and components of particulate air pollution for cardio-pulmonary inflammatory responses. I Villanyi, Vanda (Red.), Air pollution. Sciyo. ISSN 978-953-307-143-5. s. 47–73.
• Øvrevik, Johan; Arlt, VM; Øya, E; Nagy, E; Mollerup, Steen Kristen & Phillips, DH [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Differential effects of nitro-PAHs and amino-PAHs on cytokine and chemokine responses in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. ISSN 0041-008X. 242(3), s. 270–280. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.017. Vis sammendrag

  Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are found in diesel exhaust and air pollution particles. Along with other PAHs, many nitro-PAHs possess mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, but their effects on pro-inflammatory processes and cell death are less known. In the present study we examined the effects of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NF) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) and their corresponding amino forms, 1-AP, 3-AF and 3-ABA, in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The effects of the different nitro- and amino-PAHs were compared to the well-characterized PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Expression of 17 cytokine and chemokine genes, measured by real-time PCR, showed that 1-NP and 3-NF induced a completely different cytokine/chemokine gene expression pattern to that of their amino analogues. 1-NP/3-NF-induced responses were dominated by maximum effects on CXCL8 (IL-8) and TNF-α expression, while 1-AP-/3-AF-induced responses were dominated by CCL5 (RANTES) and CXCL10 (IP-10) expression. 3-NBA and 3-ABA induced only marginal cytokine/chemokine responses. However, 3-NBA exposure induced considerable DNA damage resulting in accumulation of cells in S-phase and a marked increase in apoptosis. B[a]P was the only compound to induce expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated genes, such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, but did not induce cytokine/chemokine responses in BEAS-2B cells. Importantly, nitro-PAHs and amino-PAHs induced both qualitatively and quantitatively different effects on cytokine/chemokine expression, DNA damage, cell cycle alterations and cytotoxicity. The cytokine/chemokine responses appeared to be triggered, at least partly, through mechanisms separate from the other examined endpoints. These results confirm and extend previous studies indicating that certain nitro-PAHs have a considerable pro-inflammatory potential.

• Gualtieri, Maurizio; Øvrevik, Johan; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Perrone, M Grazia; Bolzacchini, Ezio & Schwarze, Per E [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Differences in cytotoxicity versus pro-inflammatory potency of different PM fractions in human epithelial lung cells. Toxicology in Vitro. ISSN 0887-2333. 24(1), s. 29–39. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.09.013.
• Låg, Marit; Rodionov, Dmitrii; Øvrevik, Johan; Bakke, Oddmund; Schwarze, Per E & Refsnes, Magne (2010). Cadmium-induced inflammatory responses in cells relevant for lung toxicity: Expression and release of cytokines in fibroblasts, epithelial cells and macrophages. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 193(3), s. 252–260. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.015.
• Øvrevik, Johan; Låg, Marit; Holme, Jørn Andreas; Schwarze, Per E & Refsnes, Magne (2009). Cytokine and chemokine expression patterns in lung epithelial cells exposed to components characteristic of particulate air pollution. Toxicology. ISSN 0300-483X. 259(1-2), s. 46–53. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.01.028.
• Refsnes, Magne; Skuland, Tonje S.; Schwarze, Per E.; Øvrevik, Johan & Låg, Marit (2008). Fluoride-induced IL-8 release in human epithelial lung cells: Relationship to EGF-receptor-, SRC- and MAP-kinase activation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. ISSN 0041-008X. 227(1), s. 56–67. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.09.022. Vis sammendrag

  Exposure of human epithelial lung cells to fluorides is known to induce a marked increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-8, a chemokine involved in neutrophil recruitment. In the present study, the involvement of mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPKs), the role of upstream activation of Src family kinases (SFKs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and the interrelationships between these pathways in fluoride-induced IL-8 were examined in a human epithelial lung cell line (A549). Sodium fluoride strongly activated MAPK, in particular JNK1/2 and p38. The ERK1/2-inhibitor PD98059, the p38-inhibitor SB202190 and the JNK1/2-inhibitor SP600125 partially inhibited the fluoride-induced IL-8 response. Combinations of these inhibitors reduced the responses nearly to basal levels. Treatment with siRNA against JNK2 also reduced the IL-8 response to fluoride. Furthermore, fluoride activated SFKs, which was abolished by the SFK-inhibitor PP2. PP2 substantially inhibited the increased levels of IL-8, and partially reduced the fluoride-induced activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2. Fluoride exposure also led to a phosphorylation of the EGFR, that was partially inhibited by PP2. AG1478, an EGFR-inhibitor, partially reduced the fluoride-induced IL-8 response and the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, but less the phosphorylation of p38. The effects of AG1478 were less than that of PP2. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the fluoride-induced IL-8 release involves the combined activation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38, and that the phosphorylation of these kinases, and in particular JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, partly, is mediated via a SFK-dependent EGFR-linked pathway. SFK-dependent, but EGFR-independent mechanisms seem important, and especially for phosphorylation of p38.

• Øvrevik, Johan; Refsnes, Magne; Schwarze, Per E & Låg, Marit (2008). The ability of oxidative stress to mimic quartz-induced chemokine responses is lung cell line-dependent. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 181(2), s. 75–80. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.001.
• Schwarze, Per E.; Refsnes, Magne; Øvrevik, Johan & Låg, Marit (2007). Cellular responses to nanoparticle exposure. I Zhao, Y & Nalwa, HS (Red.), Nanotoxicology. American Scientific Publishers. ISSN 1-58883-088-8. s. 95–102.
• Schwarze, Per E; Øvrevik, Johan; Hetland, Ragna Bogen; Becher, Rune; Cassee, FR & Låg, Marit [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Inhalation Toxicology. ISSN 0895-8378. 19, s. 17–22. doi: 10.1080/08958370701490445.
• Becher, Rune; Bucht, Anders; Øvrevik, Johan; Hongslo, Jan Kenneth; Dahlman, Hans Jørgen & Samuelsen, Jan Tore [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Involvement of NADPH oxidase and iNOS in rodent pulmonary cytokine responses to urban air and mineral particles. Inhalation Toxicology. ISSN 0895-8378. 19(8), s. 645–655. doi: 10.1080/08958370701353528.
• Schwarze, Per E; Øvrevik, Johan; Låg, Marit; Refsnes, Magne; Nafstad, Per & Hetland, Ragna Bogen [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2006). Particulate matter properties and health effects: consistency of epidemiological and toxicological studies. Human and Experimental Toxicology. ISSN 0960-3271. 25(10), s. 559–579. doi: 10.1177/096032706072520. Vis sammendrag

  Identifying the ambient particulate matter (PM) fractions or constituents, critically involved in eliciting adverse health effects, is crucial to the implementation of more cost-efficient abatement strategies to improve air quality. This review focuses on the importance of different particle properties for PM-induced effects, and whether there is consistency in the results from epidemiological and experimental studies. An evident problem for such comparisons is that epidemiological and experimental data on the effects of specific components of ambient PM are limited. Despite this, some conclusions can be drawn. With respect to the importance of the PM size-fractions, experimental and epidemiological studies are somewhat conflicting, but there seems to be a certain consistency in that the coarse fraction (PM10-2.5) has an effect that should not be neglected. Better exposure characterization may improve the consistency between the results from experimental and epidemiological studies, in particular for ultrafine particles. Experimental data indicate that surface area is an important metric, but composition may play an even greater role in eliciting effects. The consistency between epidemiological and experimental findings for specific PM-components appears most convincing for metals, which seem to be important for the development of both pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Metals may also be involved in PM-induced allergic sensitization, but the epidemiological evidence for this is scarce. Soluble organic compounds appear to be implicated in PM-induced allergy and cancer, but the data from epidemiological studies are insufficient for any conclusions. The present review suggests that there may be a need for improvements in research designs. In particular, there is a need for better exposure assessments in epidemiological investigations, whereas experimental data would benefit from an improved comparability of studies. Combined experimental and epidemiological investigations may also help answer some of the unresolved issues.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Mariussen, Espen; Skuland, Tonje Schwach; Dahlman, Hans Jørgen; Låg, Marit & Øvrevik, Johan (2023). An Approach to Test Effects on Secondary Organs via Lung Cells Exposed at the Air Liquid Interphase. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. ISSN 2398-7308. 67(S1), s. i59–i59.
• Moazami, Therese Nitter; Hilt, Bjørn; Sørås, Kirsti; Svendsen, Kristin V Hirsch; Refsnes, Magne Arnold & Dahlman, Hans Jørgen [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Korttidseksponering for steinmineraler brukt i asfalt kan påvirke lungefunksjonog lungeinflammasjon hos friske, unge mennesker . Yrkeshygienikeren. ISSN 0802-2763.
• Hak, Claudia; Øvrevik, Johan; Låg, Marit & Waaler, Ingrid Emilie (2021). Ny forskning viser sammenheng mellom svevestøv og astma hos barn – nivået måles ikke. [Internett]. www.nrk.no.
• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan & Golestani, Karan (2020). Kan luftforurensning øke risikoen for covid-19? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(18), s. 1–3. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0843.
• Guerreiro, Cristina; Øvrevik, Johan; Solheim, Pernille & Garden, Vemund Anke (2020). Ber om fortgang i forskning på corona og luftforurensning. [Avis]. www.vg.no.
• Suren, Pål; Holt, Tonje; Wang, Mari Vaage; Bye, Elin Kristin; Brandlistuen, Ragnhild Eek & Helland, Maren Sand [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Barn og unges helse: oppvekst og levekår. I Grøholt, Else Karin; Bøhler, Linn & Hånes, Hanna (Red.), Folkehelserapporten - Helsetilstanden i Norge. Folkehelseinstituttet.
• Bakke, Jan Vilhelm; Øvrevik, Johan; Schwarze, Per Everhard; Hongslo, Jan Kenneth; Nilsen, Steinar Klubben & Becher, Rune (2018). Textila golv, inomhusmiljö och hälsoeffekter. Astma og allergiforbundet.
• Nilsen, Steinar Klubben; Bakke, Jan Vilhelm; Becher, Rune & Øvrevik, Johan (2016). Teppegulv, inneklima og helse. Renholdsnytt. ISSN 1504-9205.
• Bakke, Jan Vilhelm; Becher, Rune; Nilsen, Steinar Klubben & Øvrevik, Johan (2016). Teppegulv, inneklima og helse. Arkitektur N. ISSN 1504-7628.
• Bakke, Jan Vilhelm; Øvrevik, Johan; Schwarze, Per E.; Hongslo, Jan K.; Nilsen, Steinar Klubben & Becher, Rune (2016). Teppegulv, inneklima og helsepåvirkning. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462.
• Bakke, Jan Vilhelm; Becher, Rune; Bøhlerengen, Trond; Haugen, Elisabeth; Wergeland, Ebba & Øvrevik, Johan (2015). Bygninger må holdes rene og tørre. Fuktskader er tekniske og bygningsfysiske problemer som skal forebygges og utbedres raskt. Yrkeshygienikeren. ISSN 0802-2763. s. 10–11.
• Øvrevik, Johan (2014). Formation of reactive oxygen species in granulocytes is not inflammation. Indoor Air. ISSN 0905-6947. 24(6), s. 662–663. doi: 10.1111/ina.12105.
• Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan; Lilleaas, Edel; Refsnes, Magne; Thormodsæter, Anders & Totlandsdal, Annike Irene [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Metals related to particulate matter induced differential cytokine responses in human epithelial lung cells. The Toxicologist. ISSN 0731-9193. 114(1), s. 462–463.
• Øvrevik, Johan; Låg, Marit; Lecureur, V; Gilot, D; Møllerup, S & Lagadic-Gossmann, D [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Differential effects of 1-nitropyrene and 1-aminopyrene on CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (rantes) in beas-2B cells: role of AHR, ARNT, NF-KB and AP-1. The Toxicologist. ISSN 0731-9193. 114(1), s. 156–157.
• Øya, E; Øvrevik, Johan; Mollerup, S; Dahlman, Hans Jørgen; Ekeren, Leni Johanne & Holme, Jørn Andreas (2009). Effects of nitro- and amino-PAHs on apoptotic signaling in bronchial epithelial cells. Toksikologen. ISSN 1504-5773. 19(1), s. 16–17.
• Camatini, Marina; Gualtieri, Maurizio; Mantecca, Paride; Øvrevik, Johan & Holme, Jørn Andreas (2008). Seasonal and dimensional differences in pro-inflammatory potency of the atmospheric particulate matter of Milano on lung cell lines. Toxicology Letters. ISSN 0378-4274. 180. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.400.
• Øvrevik, Johan & Schwarze, Per E. (2006). Chemical composition and not only total surface area is important for the effects of ultrafine particles. Mutation research. ISSN 0027-5107. 594(1-2), s. 201–202. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.10.002.
• Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Låg, Marit; Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Øvrevik, Johan & Oftedal, Bente Margaret (2021). Konsentrasjons-responskurver for svevestøv: PM10. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8406-237-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Oftedal, Bente Margaret; Låg, Marit; Refsnes, Magne Arnold & Øvrevik, Johan [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Kunnskapsoppsummering. Konsentrasjons-responskurver for lave konsentrasjoner av svevestøv. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-939-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Krog, Norun Hjertager; Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Låg, Marit & Øvrevik, Johan (2017). Flystøy og luftforurensning ved flyplasser: Mulige helsekonsekvenser ved Oslo lufthavn. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-874-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Låg, Marit; Refsnes, Magne Arnold & Øvrevik, Johan (2017). Vurdering av mulig helserisiko forbundet med høye svevestøvnivåer ved Nationaltheateret stasjon - Oslo. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-892-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Becher, Rune; Øvrevik, Johan; Høie, Anja Hortemo; Bakke, Jan Vilhelm & Holøs, Sverre Bjørn (2016). Fukt og fuktskader i norske boliger. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-777-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Becher, Rune; Bjerke, Marianne; Martinsen, Finn & Øvrevik, Johan (2016). Inneklima i skoler og barnehager: Helsemessig betydning for barn og unge. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-778-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Låg, Marit; Refsnes, Magne Arnold; Schwarze, Per Everhard; Landvik, Nina; Maass, Christine & Øvrevik, Johan [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Luftkvalitetskriterier : virkninger av luftforurensning på helse. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-588-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thormodsæter, Anders; Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan; Holme, Jørn Andreas & Øvrebø, Steinar (2011). Sink- og arsen-indusert kjemokinfrigjøring og cytotoksisitet i humane bronkiale epitelceller. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Øya, Elisabeth; Holme, Jørn Andreas & Øvrevik, Johan (2009). Toksiske effekter av nitro-PAH og amino-PAH i humane bronkiale epitelceller (BEAS-2B) : betydningen av DNA-skaderesponsen. Universitetet i Oslo.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin