Martin Malmstrøm

• Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Voje, Kjetil L.; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Solbakken, Monica Hongrø; Matschiner, Michael; Malmstrøm, Martin; Hanel, Reinhold; Salzburger, Walter; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel (2017). Evolution of Hemoglobin Genes in Codfishes Influenced by Ocean Depth. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  7, s 1- 10 . doi: doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08286-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Understanding the genetic basis of adaptation is one of the main enigmas of evolutionary biology. Among vertebrates, hemoglobin has been well documented as a key trait for adaptation to different environments. Here, we investigate the role of hemoglobins in adaptation to ocean depth in the diverse teleost order Gadiformes, with species distributed at a wide range of depths varying in temperature, hydrostatic pressure and oxygen levels. Using genomic data we characterized the full hemoglobin (Hb) gene repertoire for subset of species within this lineage. We discovered a correlation between expanded numbers of Hb genes and ocean depth, with the highest numbers in species occupying shallower, epipelagic regions. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Hb genes have functionally diverged through diversifying selection. Our results suggest that the more variable environment in shallower water has led to selection for a larger Hb gene repertoire and that Hbs have a key role in adaptive processes in marine environments.

• Malmstrøm, Martin; Matschiner, Michael; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel (2017). Whole genome sequencing data and de novo draft assemblies for 66 teleost species. Scientific Data.  ISSN 2052-4463.  4, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1038/sdata.2016.132 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Gante, Hugo F; Matschiner, Michael; Malmstrøm, Martin; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Jentoft, Sissel & Salzburger, Walter (2016). Genomics of speciation and introgression in Princess cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083.  25(24), s 6143- 6161 . doi: 10.1111/mec.13767 Vis sammendrag

  How variation in the genome translates into biological diversity and new species originate has endured as the mystery of mysteries in evolutionary biology. African cichlid fishes are prime model systems to address speciation-related questions for their remarkable taxonomic and phenotypic diversity, and the possible role of gene flow in this process. Here, we capitalize on genome sequencing and phylogenomic analyses to address the relative impacts of incomplete lineage sorting, introgression and hybrid speciation in the Neolamprologus savoryi-complex (the ‘Princess cichlids’) from Lake Tanganyika. We present a time-calibrated species tree based on whole-genome sequences and provide strong evidence for incomplete lineage sorting in the early phases of diversification and multiple introgression events affecting different stages. Importantly, we find that the Neolamprologus chromosomes show centre-to-periphery biases in nucleotide diversity, sequence divergence, GC content, incomplete lineage sorting and rates of introgression, which are likely modulated by recombination density and linked selection. The detection of heterogeneous genomic landscapes has strong implications on the genomic mechanisms involved in speciation. Collinear chromosomal regions can be protected from gene flow and harbour incompatibility genes if they reside in lowly recombining regions, and coupling can evolve between nonphysically linked genomic regions (chromosome centres in particular). Simultaneously, higher recombination towards chromosome peripheries makes these more dynamic, evolvable regions where adaptation polymorphisms have a fertile ground. Hence, differences in genome architecture could explain the levels of taxonomic and phenotypic diversity seen in taxa with collinear genomes and might have contributed to the spectacular cichlid diversity observed today.

• Malmstrøm, Martin; Matschiner, Michael; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Star, Bastiaan; Snipen, Lars-Gustav; Hansen, Thomas F; Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan; Hanel, Reinhold; Salzburger, Walter; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel (2016). Evolution of the immune system influences speciation rates in teleost fishes. Nature Genetics.  ISSN 1061-4036.  48(10), s 1204- 1210 . doi: 10.1038/ng.3645 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Cortesi, Fabio; Musilováa, Zuzana; Stieb, Sara M.; Hart, Nathan S.; Siebeck, Ulrike E.; Malmstrøm, Martin; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Jentoft, Sissel; Cheney, Karen L.; Marshall, N. Justin; Carleton, Karen L. & Salzburger, Walter (2015). Ancestral duplications and highly dynamic opsin gene evolution in percomorph fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  112(5), s 1493- 1498 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1417803112

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• Skjerve, Eystein; Thurfjell, Henrik; Flø, Daniel; Grahek-Ogden, Danica; Malmstrøm, Martin; Nesbakken, Truls; Das Neves, Carlos G; Nielsen, Anders; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Robertson, Lucy; Rueness, Eli Knispel; de Boer, Hugo; Gudding, Roar; Hoel, Kristian; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Vandvik, Vigdis & Wasteson, Yngvild (2018). Wild boar population growth and expansion – implications for biodiversity, food safety, and animal health in Norway. Opinion of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM report. 2018:14.
• Nielsen, Anders; Hatteland, Bjørn Arild; Malmstrøm, Martin; Proschwitz, Ted von; Velle, Gaute; de Boer, Hugo; Gjershaug, Jan Ove; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Rueness, Eli Knispel & Vandvik, Vigdis (2017). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial gastropods in terraria. Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM report. 2017:33.
• Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Malmstrøm, Martin; Salzburger, Walter; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel (2015). The hemoglobin repertoire in the order of Gadiformes linked to depth adaptation.
• Malmstrøm, Martin; Sydenham, Markus A. K. & Nielsen, Anders (2015). CEES, its people and machines - a goldmine for genetic studies.
• Malmstrøm, Martin (2013). Life without MHC II - a teleost genome project.

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