Mark Ravinet

• Cerca, José; Ravinet, Mark; Flagstad, Øystein; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Strand, Olav & Tørresen, Ole Kristian [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Hybridization with wild individuals fuels reindeer feralization. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 293(2075), s. 1–11. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2026.1226. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Domestication has profoundly influenced the development of human agriculture, and is characterized by intense artificial selection. Feralization occurs when domestic animals return to the wild. Although feralization does not fully reverse domestication traits, the selective pressures and evolutionary mechanisms driving it remain poorly understood. In northern Europe and Asia, wild, semi-domesticated and feral reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) populations coexist, offering a unique opportunity to study feralization. We studied genomic signatures of selection in semi-domesticated, feral and wild reindeer populations in Norway. Analysis of population structure confirmed historical records indicating the feral population formed a monophyletic clade that originated from neighbouring semi-domesticated reindeer. However, we also found evidence for excess allele-sharing between wild and feral reindeer, indicating hybridization between these lineages. Signatures of selection were identified using a top-down approach (orthologues of domestication candidate genes) and a bottom-up approach (FST and extended haplotypes). We found that candidate regions under selection have higher rates of excess allele-sharing between wild and feral populations. This provides the first evidence of reversed selection pressures during feralization in reindeer and reveals a link between selection and hybridization. Together, our findings suggest that hybridization likely promoted adaptive introgression during feralization. We discuss the implications of our findings for conserving the genetic integrity of endangered wild reindeer populations.

• Jimeno, Blanca; Tangili, Marianthi; Domínguez, Julio C.; Canal, David; Camacho, Carlos & Potti, Jaime [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Epigenetic Potential and Dispersal Propensity in a Free‐Living Songbird: A Spatial and Temporal Approach. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 34(22). doi: 10.1111/mec.70143. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  ABSTRACT Natal dispersal is a key life history trait determining fitness and driving population dynamics, genetic structure, and species distributions. Despite existing evidence that not all phenotypes are equally likely to successfully establish in new areas, the mechanistic underpinnings of natal dispersal remain poorly understood. The propensity to disperse into a new environment can be favoured by a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, which facilitates local adaptation and may be achieved via epigenetic mechanisms, which modify gene expression and enable rapid phenotypic changes. Epigenetic processes occur in particular genomic regions—DNA methylation on CpG sites in vertebrates—and thus individual genomes may differ in their capacity to be modified epigenetically. This ‘Epigenetic potential’ (EP) may represent the range of phenotypic plasticity attainable by an individual and be a key determinant of successful settlement in novel areas. We investigated the association between EP—quantified as the number of genome‐wide CpG variants—and natal dispersal propensity in a long‐term study population of Pied flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) monitored since colonisation of a new habitat 35 years ago. We tested this association at three levels, comparing EP between: (i) individuals dispersing between and within habitat patches; (ii) immigrants to the population and locally born individuals; and (iii) individuals from first (comprising colonisers or their direct descendants) and later generations of the population (consisting of locally born individuals, which did not show natal dispersal between habitat patches). Results show a significant, positive association between EP and dispersal propensity in comparisons (i)—only in females—and (iii), but not (ii). Furthermore, CpG variants were non‐randomly distributed across the genome, suggesting species‐ and/or population‐specific CpGs being more frequent in promoters and exons. Our findings point to EP playing a role in dispersal propensity at spatial and temporal scales, supporting the idea that epigenetically driven phenotypic plasticity facilitates dispersal and environmental coping in free‐living birds.

• Maurstad, Marius Filomeno; Hoff, Siv Nam Khang; Cerca, José; Ravinet, Mark; Bradbury, Ian & Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Reference genome bias in light of species-specific chromosomal reorganization and translocations. Genome Biology. ISSN 1465-6906. 26(1), s. 1–26. doi: 10.1186/s13059-025-03761-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Background Whole-genome sequencing efforts, have during the past decade, unveiled the central role of genomic rearrangements—such as chromosomal inversions—in evolutionary processes, including local adaptation in a wide range of taxa. However, employment of reference genomes from distantly or even closely related species for mapping and the subsequent variant calling can lead to errors and/or biases in the datasets generated for downstream analyses. Results Here, we capitalize on the recently generated chromosome-anchored genome assemblies for Arctic cod ( Arctogadus glacialis ), polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ), and Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) to evaluate the extent and consequences of reference bias on population sequencing datasets (approx. 15–20 × coverage) for both Arctic cod and polar cod. Our findings demonstrate that the choice of reference genome impacts the mapping statistics, including mapping depth and mapping quality, as well as core population genetic estimates, such as heterozygosity levels, nucleotide diversity (π), and cross-species genetic divergence (D XY ). Furthermore, using a more distantly related reference genome can lead to inaccurate detection and characterization of chromosomal inversions, i.e., in terms of size (length) and location (position), due to inter-chromosomal reorganizations between species. Additionally, we observe that some of the verified species-specific inversions are split across multiple genomic regions when mapped against a heterospecific reference. Conclusions Inaccurate identification of chromosomal rearrangements as well as biased population genetic measures could potentially lead to erroneous interpretation of species-specific genomic diversity, impede the resolution of local adaptation, and thus, impact predictions of their genomic potential to respond to climatic and other environmental perturbations.

• Schrey, Aaron W.; Ige, Oluremi; Ray, Daniella; Lauer, M. Ellesse; Dawkins, Danielle & Schrey, Natalie [Vis alle 24 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Simulated bacterial infection induces different changes in DNA methylation between introduced and native house sparrows Passer domesticus. Journal of Avian Biology. ISSN 0908-8857. 2025(5). doi: 10.1002/jav.03469. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  DNA methylation, which can change within-individuals over time and regulate gene expression, is important to many aspects of avian biology. It is particularly important in avian responses to various stressors associated with introductions, such as infection and environmental changes. However, it remains unclear whether native and introduced bird populations differ in their epigenetic responses to stressors, and how DNA methylation may contribute to the success of non-native populations because of the limited availability of epigenetic studies. To address this knowledge gap, we used epiRADseq to investigate changes in DNA methylation within-individual house sparrows Passer domesticus prior to and eight hours after a simulated bacterial infection. We compare wild-caught house sparrows from introduced populations with those from native populations, assessing the number of genomic locations that exhibit changes in methylation, the magnitude of those changes, and the variance among individuals. Our results show that individuals from introduced populations experience more widespread changes in DNA methylation, with greater magnitude and higher variance, compared to their counterparts from native populations. These findings suggest that DNA methylation plays a significant role in an individual's response to infection. They also indicate that individuals from introduced populations may exhibit distinct epigenetic responses compared to their native counterparts, consistent with the concept of epigenetic buffering.

• Fawthrop, Ruth; Cerca, José; Pacheco, George Antunes; Sætre, Glenn-Peter; Scordato, Elizabeth S.C. & Ravinet, Mark [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Understanding human-commensalism through an ecological and evolutionary framework. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. ISSN 0169-5347. 3368. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Human-commensalism has been used to broadly describe interactions in which non-human partners benefit from tight associations with humans and their environments. Human-commensal status has often been intuitively assigned, and the term has been applied without first being clearly defined. This has led to inconsistencies in application across different fields and confusion with other ecologically distinct descriptors of human association. We propose a clear definition of human-commensalism rooted within an ecological and evolutionary framework. Such framing enables exploration of the potential origins of human-commensalism and has implications for the study of biogeography and demography, the pace and form of adaptation to an anthropogenic niche, and predictions of future evolutionary change in response to anthropogenic pressures.

• Stankowski, Sean; Cutter, Asher D.; Satokangas, Ina; Lerch, Brian A.; Rolland, Jonathan & Smadja, Carole M. [Vis alle 45 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Toward the integration of speciation research. Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society. 3(1), s. 1–24. doi: 10.1093/evolinnean/kzae001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Speciation research—the scientific field focused on understanding the origin and diversity of species—has a long and complex history. While relevant to one another, the specific goals and activities of speciation researchers are highly diverse, and scattered across a collection of different perspectives. Thus, our understanding of speciation will benefit from efforts to bridge scientific findings and the diverse people who do the work. In this paper, we outline two ways of integrating speciation research: (i) scientific integration, through the bringing together of ideas, data, and approaches; and (ii) social integration, by creating ways for a diversity of researchers to participate in the scientific process. We then discuss five challenges to integration: (i) the multidisciplinary nature of speciation research, (ii) the complex language of speciation; (iii) a bias toward certain study systems; (iv) the challenges of working across scales; and (v) inconsistent measures and reporting standards. We provide practical steps that individuals and groups can take to help overcome these challenges, and argue that integration is a team effort in which we all have a role to play.

• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; James, Timothy Y.; Rieseberg, Loren H. & Maurice, Sundy [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Reticulate evolution and rapid development of reproductive barriers upon secondary contact in a forest fungus. Current Biology. ISSN 0960-9822. 34(19), s. 4513–4525. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.046. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Reproductive barriers between sister species of the mushroom-forming fungi tend to be stronger in sympatry, leading to speculation on whether they are being reinforced by selection against hybrids. We have used population genomic analyses together with in vitro crosses of a global sample of the wood decay fungus Trichaptum abietinum to investigate reproductive barriers within this species complex and the processes that have shaped them. Our phylogeographic analyses show that T. abietinum is delimited into six major genetic groups: one in Asia, two in Europe, and three in North America. The groups present in Europe are interfertile and admixed, whereas our crosses show that the North American groups are reproductively isolated. In Asia, a more complex pattern appears, with partial intersterility between subgroups that likely originated independently and more recently than the reproductive barriers in North America. We found pre-mating barriers in T. abietinum to be moderately correlated with genomic divergence, whereas mean growth reduction of the mated hybrids showed a strong correlation with increasing genomic divergence. Genome-wide association analyses identified candidate genes with programmed cell death annotations, which are known to be involved in intersterility in distantly related fungi, although their link here remains unproven. Our demographic modeling and phylogenetic network analyses fit a scenario where reproductive barriers in Trichaptum abietinum could have been reinforced upon secondary contact between groups that diverged in allopatry during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our combination of experimental and genomic approaches demonstrates how T. abietinum is a tractable system for studying speciation mechanisms.

• Kinneberg, Vilde Bruhn; Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Ravinet, Mark & Skrede, Inger (2023). Introgression between highly divergent fungal sister species. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. ISSN 1010-061X. 36(8), s. 1133–1149. doi: 10.1111/jeb.14190. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract To understand how species evolve and adapt to changing environments, it is important to study gene flow and introgression due to their influence on speciation and radiation events. Here, we apply a novel experimental system for investigating these mechanisms using natural populations. The system is based on two fungal sister species with morphological and ecological similarities occurring in overlapping habitats. We examined introgression between these species by conducting whole genome sequencing of individuals from populations in North America and Europe. We assessed genome-wide nucleotide divergence and performed crossing experiments to study reproductive barriers. We further used ABBA–BABA statistics together with a network analysis to investigate introgression, and conducted demographic modelling to gain insight into divergence times and introgression events. The results revealed that the species are highly divergent and incompatible in vitro. Despite this, small regions of introgression were scattered throughout the genomes and one introgression event likely involves a ghost population (extant or extinct). This study demonstrates that introgression can be found among divergent species and that population histories can be studied without collections of all the populations involved. Moreover, the experimental system is shown to be a useful tool for research on reproductive isolation in natural populations. Abstract We studied population histories with demographic modelling and found introgression between highly divergent fungal sister species, involving a ghost population.

• Choquet, Marvin; Lizano, Apollo Marco Dalonos; Le Moan, Alan; Ravinet, Mark; Dhanasiri, Anusha & Hoarau, Galice Guillaume (2023). Unmasking microsatellite deceptiveness and debunking hybridization with SNPs in four marine copepod species of Calanus. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 32(24), s. 6854–6873. doi: 10.1111/mec.17183. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Interspecific hybridization events are on the rise in natural systems due to climate change disrupting species barriers. Across taxa, microsatellites have long been the molecular markers of choice to identify admixed individuals. However, with the advent of high‐throughput sequencing easing the generation of genome‐wide datasets, incorrect reports of hybridization resulting from microsatellite technical artefacts have been uncovered in a growing number of taxa. In the marine zooplankton genus Calanus (Copepoda), whose species are used as climate change indicators, microsatellite markers have suggested hybridization between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis, while other nuclear markers (InDels) never detected any admixed individuals, leaving the scientific community divided. Here, for the first time, we investigated the potential for hybridization among C. finmarchicus , C. glacialis , C. helgolandicus and C. hyperboreus using two large and independent SNP datasets. These were derived firstly from a protocol of target‐capture applied to 179 individuals collected from 17 sites across the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, including sympatric areas, and second from published RNA sequences. All SNP‐based analyses were congruent in showing that Calanus species are distinct and do not appear to hybridize. We then thoroughly re‐assessed the microsatellites showing hybrids, with the support of published transcriptomes, and identified technical issues plaguing eight out of 10 microsatellites, including size homoplasy, paralogy, potential for null alleles and even two primer pairs targeting the same locus. Our study illustrates how deceptive microsatellites can be when applied to the investigation of hybridization.

• Ålund, Murielle; Cenzer, Meredith; Bierne, Nicolas; Boughman, Janette W.; Oliveira, José Pedro Cerca Monteiro De & Comerford, Mattheau S. [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Anthropogenic Change and the Process of Speciation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 15(12), s. 1–24. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041455. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Koch, Eva L.; Ravinet, Mark; Westram, Anja Marie; Johannesson, Kerstin & Butlin, Roger K. (2022). Genetic architecture of repeated phenotypic divergence in Littorina saxatilis ecotype evolution. Evolution. ISSN 0014-3820. doi: 10.1111/evo.14602. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sætre, Camilla Lo Cascio; Rönkä, Katja; Ravinet, Mark; Vitulano, Severino; Caldarella, Matteo & Procházka, Petr [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Genomic consequences of range expansion and colonisation in the reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus). BioRxiv. ISSN 0362-4331. doi: 10.1101/2022.11.28.518135. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nilsson, Pernille; Ravinet, Mark; Cui, Yujun; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Zhang, Yujiang & Guo, Rong [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Polygenic plague resistance in the great gerbil uncovered by population sequencing. PNAS Nexus. 1(5). doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac211. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Yazdi, Homa Papoli; Ravinet, Mark; Rowe, Melissah; Sætre, Glenn-Peter; Guldvog, Caroline Øien & Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Extensive transgressive gene expression in testis but not ovary in the homoploid hybrid Italian sparrow. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 31(15), s. 4067–4077. doi: 10.1111/mec.16572. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hybridization can result in novel allelic combinations which can impact the hybrid phenotype through changes in gene expression. While misexpression in F1 hybrids is well documented, how gene expression evolves in stabilized hybrid taxa remains an open question. As gene expression evolves in a stabilizing manner, break-up of co-evolved cis- and trans-regulatory elements could lead to transgressive patterns of gene expression in hybrids. Here, we address to what extent gonad gene expression has evolved in an established and stable homoploid hybrid, the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae). Through comparison of gene expression in gonads from individuals of the two parental species (i.e., house and Spanish sparrow) to that of Italian sparrows, we find evidence for strongly transgressive expression in male Italian sparrows—2530 genes (22% of testis genes tested for inheritance) exhibit expression patterns outside the range of both parent species. In contrast, Italian sparrow ovary expression was similar to that of one of the parent species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Moreover, the Italian sparrow testis transcriptome is 26 times as diverged from those of the parent species as the parental transcriptomes are from each other, despite being genetically intermediate. This highlights the potential for regulation of gene expression to produce novel variation following hybridization. Genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and protein synthesis are enriched in the subset that is over-dominantly expressed in Italian sparrow testis, suggesting that selection on key functions has moulded the hybrid Italian sparrow transcriptome.

• Cuevas, Angelica; Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice; Ravinet, Mark; Sætre, Glenn-Peter & Runemark, Anna (2022). Predictors of genomic differentiation within a hybrid taxon. PLoS Genetics. ISSN 1553-7390. 18(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010027. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary force. Novel genetic methods now enable us to address how the genomes of parental species are combined in hybrid lineages. However, we still do not know the relative importance of admixed proportions, genome architecture and local selection in shaping hybrid genomes. Here, we take advantage of the genetically divergent island populations of Italian sparrow on Crete, Corsica and Sicily to investigate the predictors of genomic variation within a hybrid taxon. We test if differentiation is affected by recombination rate, selection, or variation in ancestry proportions. We find that the relationship between recombination rate and differentiation is less pronounced within hybrid lineages than between the parent species, as expected if purging of minor parent ancestry in low recombination regions reduces the variation available for differentiation. In addition, we find that differentiation between islands is correlated with differences in signatures of selection in two out of three comparisons. Signatures of selection within islands are correlated across all islands, suggesting that shared selection may mould genomic differentiation. The best predictor of strong differentiation within islands is the degree of differentiation from house sparrow, and hence loci with Spanish sparrow ancestry may vary more freely. Jointly, this suggests that constraints and selection interact in shaping the genomic landscape of differentiation in this hybrid species.

• Sowersby, Will; Cerca, José; Wong, Bob B. M.; Lehtonen, Topi K.; Chapple, David G. & Leal-Cardín, Mariana [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Pervasive admixture and the spread of a large-lipped form in a cichlid fish radiation. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 30, s. 5551–5571. doi: 10.1111/mec.16139. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Adaptive radiations have proven important for understanding the mechanisms and processes underlying biological diversity. The convergence of form and function, as well as admixture and adaptive introgression, are common in adaptive radiations. However, distinguishing between these two scenarios remains a challenge for evolutionary research. The Midas cichlid species complex (Amphilophus spp.) is a prime example of adaptive radiation, with phenotypic diversification occurring at various stages of genetic differentiation. One species, A. labiatus, has large fleshy lips, is associated with rocky lake substrates, and occurs patchily within Lakes Nicaragua and Managua. By contrast, the similar, but thin-lipped, congener, A. citrinellus, is more common and widespread. We investigated the evolutionary history of the large-lipped form, specifically regarding whether the trait has evolved independently in both lakes from ancestral thin-lipped populations, or via dispersal and/or admixture events. We collected samples from distinct locations in both lakes, and assessed differences in morphology and ecology. Using RAD-seq, we genotyped thousands of SNPs to measure population structure and divergence, demographic history, and admixture. We found significant between-species differences in ecology and morphology, local intraspecific differences in body shape and trophic traits, but only limited intraspecific variation in lip shape. Despite clear ecological differences, our genomic approach uncovered pervasive admixture between the species and low genomic differentiation, with species within lakes being genetically more similar than species between lakes. Taken together, our results suggest a single origin of large-lips, followed by pervasive admixture and adaptive introgression, with morphology being driven by local ecological opportunities, despite ongoing gene-flow.

• Stankowski, Sean & Ravinet, Mark (2021). Defining the speciation continuum. Evolution. ISSN 0014-3820. 75(6), s. 1256–1273. doi: 10.1111/evo.14215. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A primary roadblock to our understanding of speciation is that it usually occurs over a timeframe that is too long to study from start to finish. The idea of a speciation continuum provides something of a solution to this problem; rather than observing the entire process, we can simply reconstruct it from the multitude of speciation events that surround us. But what do we really mean when we talk about the speciation continuum, and can it really help us understand speciation? We explored these questions using a literature review and online survey of speciation researchers. Although most researchers were familiar with the concept and thought it was useful, our survey revealed extensive disagreement about what the speciation continuum actually tells us. This is due partly to the lack of a clear definition. Here, we provide an explicit definition that is compatible with the Biological Species Concept. That is, the speciation continuum is a continuum of reproductive isolation. After outlining the logic of the definition in light of alternatives, we explain why attempts to reconstruct the speciation process from present-day populations will ultimately fail. We then outline how we think the speciation continuum concept can continue to act as a foundation for understanding the continuum of reproductive isolation that surrounds us.

• Cerca, José; Colon, Angel G. Rivera; Ferreira, Mafalda S.; Ravinet, Mark; Nowak, Michael & Catchen, Julian M. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Incomplete lineage sorting and ancient admixture, and speciation without morphological change in ghost-worm cryptic species. PeerJ. 9. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10896. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Morphologically similar species, that is cryptic species, may be similar or quasi-similar owing to the deceleration of morphological evolution and stasis. While the factors underlying the deceleration of morphological evolution or stasis in cryptic species remain unknown, decades of research in the field of paleontology on punctuated equilibrium have originated clear hypotheses. Species are expected to remain morphologically identical in scenarios of shared genetic variation, such as hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting, or in scenarios where bottlenecks reduce genetic variation and constrain the evolution of morphology. Here, focusing on three morphologically similar Stygocapitella species, we employ a whole-genome amplification method (WGA) coupled with double-digestion restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the species complex. We explore population structure, use population-level statistics to determine the degree of connectivity between populations and species, and determine the most likely demographic scenarios which generally reject for recent hybridization. We find that the combination of WGA and ddRAD allowed us to obtain genomic-level data from microscopic eukaryotes (∼1 millimetre) opening up opportunities for those working with population genomics and phylogenomics in such taxa. The three species share genetic variance, likely from incomplete lineage sorting and ancient admixture. We speculate that the degree of shared variation might underlie morphological similarity in the Atlantic species complex.

• Cuevas, Angelica; Ravinet, Mark; Sætre, Glenn-Peter & Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice (2020). Intraspecific genomic variation and local adaptation in a young hybrid species. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 00, s. 791–809. doi: 10.1111/mec.15760. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hybridization increases genetic variation, hence hybrid species may have greater evolutionary potential once their admixed genomes have stabilized and incompatibilities have been purged. Yet, little is known about how such hybrid lineages evolve at the genomic level following their formation, in particular their adaptive potential. Here we investigate how the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae), a homoploid hybrid species, has evolved and locally adapted to its variable environment. Using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) on several populations across the Italian peninsula, we evaluate how genomic constraints and novel genetic variation have influenced population divergence and adaptation. We show that population divergence within this hybrid species has evolved in response to climatic variation, suggesting ongoing local adaptation. As found previously in other nonhybrid species, climatic differences appear to increase population differentiation. We also report strong population divergence in a gene known to affect beak morphology. Most of the strongly divergent loci among Italian sparrow populations do not seem to be differentiated between its parent species, the house and Spanish sparrows. Unlike in the hybrid, population divergence within each of the parental taxa has occurred mostly at loci with high allele frequency difference between the parental species, suggesting that novel combinations of parental alleles in the hybrid have not necessarily enhanced its evolutionary potential. Rather, our study suggests that constraints linked to incompatibilities may have restricted the evolution of this admixed genome, both during and after hybrid species formation.

• Sowersby, Will; Lehtonen, Topi K.; Ravinet, Mark; Barluenga, Marta & Wong, Bob B. M. (2020). Resource trait specialisation in an introduced fish population with reduced genetic diversity. Biological Invasions. ISSN 1387-3547. 22, s. 2447–2460. doi: 10.1007/s10530-020-02264-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Ecological specialisation is hypothesised to play a major role in the evolution of phenotypic diversity, especially following the colonisation of novel habitats. For example, cichlid fishes provide some of the most remarkable evidence for rapid ecological diversification. Here, we capitalised on a recently (≤ 40 years ago) introduced population of red devils (Amphilophus labiatus) in Australia to investigate adaptive phenotypic responses to a novel environment. We used stomach content analyses, morphometrics and laboratory experiments to test for covariation between diet and size of an important trophic trait, lip size. We found that, while maximum lip size in the study population was smaller than in the species’ natural range, the proportions of algae, insects and fish remains in the diet covaried with lip size. However, contrary to predictions, we found no evidence for lip development to be plastic under laboratory conditions in relation to substrate complexity or food manipulation, nor did we find any relationship between lip morphology and feeding performance in adults. Single nucleotide polymorphism data, in turn, suggested that the introduced population has reduced standing genetic variation, which potentially influences both phenotypic plasticity and diversity, in comparison to native populations. Together, the results suggest that morphological variation in a key trophic trait can respond rapidly to diet in a novel environment, despite reduced genetic diversity in the population.

• Ferrari, Giada; Neukamm, Judith; Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Breidenstein, Abagail; Ravinet, Mark & Phillips, Carina [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Variola virus genome sequenced from an eighteenth-century museum specimen supports the recent origin of smallpox. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8436. 375(1812), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0572. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Smallpox, caused by the variola virus (VARV), was a highly virulent disease with high mortality rates causing a major threat for global human health until its successful eradication in 1980. Despite previously published historic and modern VARV genomes, its past dissemination and diversity remain debated. To understand the evolutionary history of VARV with respect to historic and modern VARV genetic variation in Europe, we sequenced a VARV genome from a well-described eighteenth-century case from England (specimen P328). In our phylogenetic analysis, the new genome falls between the modern strains and another historic strain from Lithuania, supporting previous claims of larger diversity in early modern Europe compared to the twentieth century. Our analyses also resolve a previous controversy regarding the common ancestor between modern and historic strains by confirming a later date around the seventeenth century. Overall, our results point to the benefit of historic genomes for better resolution of past VARV diversity and highlight the value of such historic genomes from around the world to further understand the evolutionary history of smallpox as well as related diseases. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules’.

• Yoshida, Kohta; Ravinet, Mark; Makino, Takashi; Toyoda, Atsushi; Kokita, Tomoyuki & Mori, Seiichi [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in Landlocked Threespine Stickleback Populations. Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE). 12(4), s. 479–492. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaa065. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Colonization of new habitats often reduces population sizes and may result in the accumulation of deleterious mutations by genetic drift. Compared with the genomic basis for adaptation to new environments, genome-wide analysis of deleterious mutations in isolated populations remains limited. In the present study, we investigated the accumulation of deleterious mutations in five endangered freshwater populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the central part of the mainland of Japan. Using whole-genome resequencing data, we first conducted phylogenomic analysis and confirmed at least two independent freshwater colonization events in the central mainland from ancestral marine ecotypes. Next, analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms showed a substantial reduction of heterozygosity in freshwater populations compared with marine populations. Reduction in heterozygosity was more apparent at the center of each chromosome than the peripheries and on X chromosomes compared with autosomes. Third, bioinformatic analysis of deleterious mutations showed increased accumulation of putatively deleterious mutations in the landlocked freshwater populations compared with marine populations. For the majority of populations examined, the frequencies of putatively deleterious mutations were higher on X chromosomes than on autosomes. The interpopulation comparison indicated that the majority of putatively deleterious mutations may have accumulated independently. Thus, whole-genome resequencing of endangered populations can help to estimate the accumulation of deleterious mutations and inform us of which populations are the most severely endangered. Furthermore, analysis of variation among chromosomes can give insights into whether any particular chromosomes are likely to accumulate deleterious mutations.

• Rowe, Melissah; Whittington, Emma; Borziak, Kirill; Ravinet, Mark; Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice & Sætre, Glenn-Peter [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Molecular diversification of the seminal fluid proteome in a recently diverged passerine species pair. Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE). ISSN 0737-4038. 37(2), s. 488–506. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msz235. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) mediate an array of postmating reproductive processes that influence fertilization and fertility. As such, it is widely held that SFPs may contribute to postmating, prezygotic reproductive barriers between closely related taxa. We investigated seminal fluid (SF) diversification in a recently diverged passerine species pair (Passer domesticus and Passer hispaniolensis) using a combination of proteomic and comparative evolutionary genomic approaches. First, we characterized and compared the SF proteome of the two species, revealing consistencies with known aspects of SFP biology and function in other taxa, including the presence and diversification of proteins involved in immunity and sperm maturation. Second, using whole-genome resequencing data, we assessed patterns of genomic differentiation between house and Spanish sparrows. These analyses detected divergent selection on immunity-related SF genes and positive selective sweeps in regions containing a number of SF genes that also exhibited protein abundance diversification between species. Finally, we analyzed the molecular evolution of SFPs across 11 passerine species and found a significantly higher rate of positive selection in SFPs compared with the rest of the genome, as well as significant enrichments for functional pathways related to immunity in the set of positively selected SF genes. Our results suggest that selection on immunity pathways is an important determinant of passerine SF composition and evolution. Assessing the role of immunity genes in speciation in other recently diverged taxa should be prioritized given the potential role for immunity-related proteins in reproductive incompatibilities in Passer sparrows.

• Ravinet, Mark; Yoshida, Kohta; Shigenobu, Shuji; Toyoda, Atsushi; Fujiyama, Asao & Kitano, Jun (2018). The genomic landscape at a late stage of stickleback speciation: High genomic divergence interspersed by small localized regions of introgression. PLoS Genetics. ISSN 1553-7390. 14(5), s. 1–32. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007358. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Speciation is a continuous process and analysis of species pairs at different stages of divergence provides insight into how it unfolds. Previous genomic studies on young species pairs have revealed peaks of divergence and heterogeneous genomic differentiation. Yet less known is how localised peaks of differentiation progress to genome-wide divergence during the later stages of speciation in the presence of persistent gene flow. Spanning the speciation continuum, stickleback species pairs are ideal for investigating how genomic divergence builds up during speciation. However, attention has largely focused on young postglacial species pairs, with little knowledge of the genomic signatures of divergence and introgression in older stickleback systems. The Japanese stickleback species pair, composed of the Pacific Ocean three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the Japan Sea stickleback (G. nipponicus), which co-occur in the Japanese islands, is at a late stage of speciation. Divergence likely started well before the end of the last glacial period and crosses between Japan Sea females and Pacific Ocean males result in hybrid male sterility. Here we use coalescent analyses and Approximate Bayesian Computation to show that the two species split approximately 0.68–1 million years ago but that they have continued to exchange genes at a low rate throughout divergence. Population genomic data revealed that, despite gene flow, a high level of genomic differentiation is maintained across the majority of the genome. However, we identified multiple, small regions of introgression, occurring mainly in areas of low recombination rate. Our results demonstrate that a high level of genome-wide divergence can establish in the face of persistent introgression and that gene flow can be localized to small genomic regions at the later stages of speciation with gene flow.

• Østbye, Kjartan; Taugbøl, Annette; Ravinet, Mark; Harrod, Chris; Pettersen, Ruben Alexander & Bernatchez, Louis [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Ongoing niche differentiation under high gene flow in a polymorphic brackish water threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18(14), s. 1–18. doi: 10.1186/s12862-018-1128-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Marine threespine sticklebacks colonized and adapted to brackish and freshwater environments since the last Pleistocene glacial. Throughout the Holarctic, three lateral plate morphs are observed; the low, partial and completely plated morph. We test if the three plate morphs in the brackish water Lake Engervann, Norway, differ in body size, trophic morphology (gill raker number and length), niche (stable isotopes; δ15N, δ13C, and parasites (Theristina gasterostei, Trematoda spp.)), genetic structure (microsatellites) and the lateral-plate encoding Stn382 (Ectodysplasin) gene. We examine differences temporally (autumn 2006/spring 2007) and spatially (upper/lower sections of the lake – reflecting low versus high salinity). Results: All morphs belonged to one gene pool. The complete morph was larger than the low plated, with the partial morph intermediate. The number of lateral plates ranged 8–71, with means of 64.2 for complete, 40.3 for partial, and 14.9 for low plated morph. Stickleback δ15N was higher in the lower lake section, while δ13C was higher in the upper section. Stickleback isotopic values were greater in autumn. The low plated morph had larger variances in δ15N and δ13C than the other morphs. Sticklebacks in the upper section had more T. gasterostei than in the lower section which had more Trematoda spp. Sticklebacks had less T. gasterostei, but more Trematoda spp. in autumn than spring. Sticklebacks with few and short rakers had more T. gasterostei, while sticklebacks with longer rakers had more Trematoda. spp. Stickleback with higher δ15N values had more T. gasterostei, while sticklebacks with higher δ15N and δ13C values had more Trematoda spp. The low plated morph had fewer Trematoda spp. than other morphs. Conclusions: Trait-ecology associations may imply that the three lateral plate morphs in the brackish water lagoon of Lake Engervann are experiencing ongoing divergent selection for niche and migratory life history strategies under high gene flow. As such, the brackish water zone may generally act as a generator of genomic diversity to be selected upon in the different environments where threespine sticklebacks can live. Adaptation, Ectodysplasin, Evolution, Gill raker, Natural selection, Panmixia, Stable isotope analyses, Stn382, Theristina gasterostei, Trematoda spp

• Ravinet, Mark; Elgvin, Tore Oldeide; Trier, Cassandra Nicole; Aliabadian, Mansour; Gavrilov, Andrey & Sætre, Glenn-Peter (2018). Signatures of human-commensalism in the house sparrow genome. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 285(1884), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1246. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  House sparrows (Passer domesticus) are a hugely successful anthrodependent species; occurring on nearly every continent. Yet, despite their ubiquity and familiarity to humans, surprisingly little is known about their origins. We sought to investigate the evolutionary history of the house sparrow and identify the processes involved in its transition to a human-commensal niche. We used a whole genome resequencing dataset of 120 individuals from three Eurasian species, including three populations of Bactrianus sparrows, a non-commensal, divergent house sparrow lineage occurring in the Near East. Coalescent modelling supports a split between house and Bactrianus sparrow 11 Kya and an expansion in the house sparrow at 6 Kya, consistent with the spread of agriculture following the Neolithic revolution. Commensal house sparrows therefore likely moved into Europe with the spread of agriculture following this period. Using the Bactrianus sparrow as a proxy for a pre-commensal, ancestral house population, we performed a comparative genome scan to identify genes potentially involved with adaptation to an anthropogenic niche. We identified potential signatures of recent, positive selection in the genome of the commensal house sparrow that are absent in Bactrianus populations. The strongest selected region encompasses two major candidate genes; COL11A—which regulates craniofacial and skull development and AMY2A, part of the amylase gene family which has previously been linked to adaptation to high-starch diets in humans and dogs. Our work examines human-commensalism in an evolutionary framework, identifies genomic regions likely involved in rapid adaptation to this new niche and ties the evolution of this species to the development of modern human civilization.

• Runemark, Anna; Trier, Cassandra Nicole; Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice; Hermansen, Jo Skeie; Matschiner, Michael & Ravinet, Mark [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Variation and constraints in hybrid genome formation. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 2(3), s. 549–556. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0437-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Faria, R; Chaube, P; Morales, Hernan E; Larsson, Tomas; Lemmon, AR & Lemmon, Emily Moriarty [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Multiple chromosomal rearrangements in a hybrid zone between Littorina saxatilis ecotypes. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 28(6), s. 1375–1393. doi: 10.1111/mec.14972. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Both classical and recent studies suggest that chromosomal inversion polymorphisms are important in adaptation and speciation. However, biases in discovery and reporting of inversions make it difficult to assess their prevalence and biological importance. Here, we use an approach based on linkage disequilibrium among markers genotyped for samples collected across a transect between contrasting habitats to detect chromosomal rearrangements de novo. We report 17 polymorphic rearrangements in a single locality for the coastal marine snail, Littorina saxatilis. Patterns of diversity in the field and of recombination in controlled crosses provide strong evidence that at least the majority of these rearrangements are inversions. Most show clinal changes in frequency between habitats, suggestive of divergent selection, but only one appears to be fixed for different arrangements in the two habitats. Consistent with widespread evidence for balancing selection on inversion polymorphisms, we argue that a combination of heterosis and divergent selection can explain the observed patterns and should be considered in other systems spanning environmental gradients.

• Westram, AM; Rafajlovic, M; Chaube, P; Faria, R; Larsson, Tomas & Panova, Marina [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Clines on the seashore: The genomic architecture underlying rapid divergence in the face of gene flow. Evolution Letters. 2(6), s. 297–309. doi: 10.1002/evl3.74. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Adaptive divergence and speciation may happen despite opposition by gene flow. Identifying the genomic basis underlying divergence with gene flow is a major task in evolutionary genomics. Most approaches (e.g., outlier scans) focus on genomic regions of high differentiation. However, not all genomic architectures potentially underlying divergence are expected to show extreme differentiation. Here, we develop an approach that combines hybrid zone analysis (i.e., focuses on spatial patterns of allele frequency change) with system‐specific simulations to identify loci inconsistent with neutral evolution. We apply this to a genome‐wide SNP set from an ideally suited study organism, the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis, which shows primary divergence between ecotypes associated with different shore habitats. We detect many SNPs with clinal patterns, most of which are consistent with neutrality. Among non‐neutral SNPs, most are located within three large putative inversions differentiating ecotypes. Many non‐neutral SNPs show relatively low levels of differentiation. We discuss potential reasons for this pattern, including loose linkage to selected variants, polygenic adaptation and a component of balancing selection within populations (which may be expected for inversions). Our work is in line with theory predicting a role for inversions in divergence, and emphasizes that genomic regions contributing to divergence may not always be accessible with methods purely based on allele frequency differences. These conclusions call for approaches that take spatial patterns of allele frequency change into account in other systems.

• Ravinet, Mark (2018). Notes from a snail island: Littorinid evolution and adaptation. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 27(13), s. 2781–2789. doi: 10.1111/MEC.14730. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The most successful study systems are built on a foundation of decades of research on the basic biology, ecology and life history of the organisms in question. Combined with new technologies, this can provide a formidable means to address important issues in evolutionary biology and molecular ecology. Littorinid marine snails are a good example of this, with a rich literature on their taxonomy, speciation, thermal tolerance and behavioural adaptations. In August 2017, an international meeting on Littorinid evolution was held at the Tjärnö Marine Research Laboratory in Western Sweden. In this meeting review, I provide a summary of some of the exciting work on parallel evolution, sexual selection and adaptation to environmental stress presented there. I argue that newly available genomic resources present an opportunity for integrating the traditionally divergent fields of speciation and environmental adaptation in Littorinid research.

• Kusakabe, Makoto; Ishikawa, Asano; Ravinet, Mark Simon Paul; Yoshida, Kohta; Makino, Takashi & Toyoda, Atsushi [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Genetic basis for variation in salinity tolerance between stickleback ecotypes. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 26(1), s. 304–319. doi: 10.1111/mec.13875. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Elgvin, Tore Oldeide; Trier, Cassandra Nicole; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Hagen, Ingerid; Lien, Sigbjørn & Nederbragt, Alexander Johan [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). The genomic mosaicism of hybrid speciation. Science Advances. 3, s. 1–16. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1602996. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hybridization is widespread in nature and, in some instances, can result in the formation of a new hybrid species. We investigate the genetic foundation of this poorly understood process through whole-genome analysis of the hybrid Italian sparrow and its progenitors. We find overall balanced yet heterogeneous levels of contribution from each parent species throughout the hybrid genome and identify areas of novel divergence in the hybrid species exhibiting signals consistent with balancing selection. High-divergence areas are disproportionately located on the Z chromosome and overrepresented in gene networks relating to key traits separating the focal species, which are likely involved in reproductive barriers and/or species-specific adaptations. Of special interest are genes and functional groups known to affect body patterning, beak morphology, and the immune system, which are important features of diversification and fitness. We show that a combination of mosaic parental inheritance and novel divergence within the hybrid lineage has facilitated the origin and maintenance of an avian hybrid species.

• Ishikawa, Asano; Kusakabe, Makoto; Yoshida, Kohta; Ravinet, Mark Simon Paul; Makino, Takashi & Toyoda, Atsushi [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Different contributions of local- and distant-regulatory changes to transcriptome divergence between stickleback ecotypes. Evolution. ISSN 0014-3820. 71(3), s. 565–581. doi: 10.1111/evo.13175. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stuart, Yoel E.; Veen, Thor; Weber, Jesse N.; Hanson, Dieta; Ravinet, Mark & Lohman, Brian K. [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Contrasting effects of environment and genetics generate a continuum of parallel evolution. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 1:0158(6), s. 1–7. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0158. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Parallel evolution of similar traits by independent populations in similar environments is considered strong evidence for adaptation by natural selection. Often, however, replicate populations in similar environments do not all evolve in the same way, thus deviating from any single, predominant outcome of evolution. This variation might arise from non-adaptive, population-specific effects of genetic drift, gene flow or limited genetic variation. Alternatively, these deviations from parallel evolution might also reflect predictable adaptation to cryptic environmental heterogeneity within discrete habitat categories. Here, we show that deviations from parallel evolution are the consequence of environmental variation within habitats combined with variation in gene flow. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in adjoining lake and stream habitats (a lake–stream ‘pair’) diverge phenotypically, yet the direction and magnitude of this divergence is not always fully parallel among 16 replicate pairs. We found that the multivariate direction of lake–stream morphological divergence was less parallel between pairs whose environmental differences were less parallel. Thus, environmental heterogeneity among lake–stream pairs contributes to deviations from parallel evolution. Additionally, likely genomic targets of selection were more parallel between environmentally more similar pairs. In contrast, variation in the magnitude of lake–stream divergence (independent of direction) was better explained by differences in lake–stream gene flow; pairs with greater lake–stream gene flow were less morphologically diverged. Thus, both adaptive and non-adaptive processes work concurrently to generate a continuum of parallel evolution across lake–stream stickleback population pairs.

• Ravinet, Mark Simon Paul; Faria, R; Butlin, RK; Galindo, J; Bierne, N & Rafajlovic, M [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Interpreting the genomic landscape of speciation: a road map for finding barriers to gene flow. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. ISSN 1010-061X. 30(8), s. 1450–1477. doi: 10.1111/jeb.13047. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fountain, Toby; Ravinet, Mark Simon Paul; Naylor, Richard; Reinhardt, Klaus & Butlin, Roger K. (2016). A Linkage Map and QTL Analysis for Pyrethroid Resistance in the Bed Bug Cimex lectularius. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 6, s. 4059–4066. doi: 10.1534/g3.116.033092. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ravinet, Mark Simon Paul; Ishikawa, Asano & Kitano, Jun (2016). Trophic niche differentiation and phenotypic divergence among cryptic species of Japanese ninespine sticklebacks. Evolutionary Ecology Research. ISSN 1522-0613. 17(4), s. 505–523. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Sætre, Glenn-Peter & Ravinet, Mark (2019). Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts, Analysis, and Practice. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198830924. 336 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Hoff, Siv Nam Khang; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Maurstad, Marius Filomeno; Ravinet, Mark; Godiksen, Jane Aanestad & Stige, Leif Christian [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Delineate the population structure of a keystone marine fish species in the Northern Atlantic region using whole genome sequencing data. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; James, Timothy Y.; Rieseberg, Loren H. & Maurice, Sundy [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Article Reticulate evolution and rapid development of reproductive barriers upon secondary contact in a forest fungus. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hoff, Siv Nam Khang; Maurstad, Marius Filomeno; Alan, Le Moan; Ravinet, Mark; Durant, Joël & Tørresen, Ole K. [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Identification of multiple chromosomal inversions and fusions in a keystone Arctic species with high gene flow. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy; Kauserud, Håvard & Ravinet, Mark [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Population genomics reveal multiple lineages with leaky intersterility barriers in the widespread forest fungus Trichaptum abietinum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy; Kauserud, Håvard & Ravinet, Mark [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Understanding the nature of the reproductive barriers within the wood decay species Trichaptum abietinum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hoff, Siv Nam Khang; Maurstad, Marius Filomeno; Moan, Alan Le; Ravinet, Mark; Durant, Joël & Tørresen, Ole Kristian [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Identification of multiple chromosomal inversions and fusions in a keystone Arctic species with high gene flow. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy; Kauserud, Håvard & Ravinet, Mark [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Understanding the nature of the reproductive barriers within the wood decay species Trichaptum abietinum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kinneberg, Vilde Bruhn; Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Ravinet, Mark & Skrede, Inger (2022). Ancient introgression between highly divergent fungal sister species. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lu, Dabao Sun; Skrede, Inger; Kauserud, Håvard; Navarro, David Peris; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik & Maurice, Sandy [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Population genomics of Trichaptum abietinum - a window into fungal speciation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lu, Dabao Sun; Skrede, Inger; Kauserud, Håvard; Navarro, David Peris; Maurice, Sandy & Ravinet, Mark [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Population genomics of Trichaptum abietinum - a window into fungal speciation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Westram, AM & Ravinet, Mark Simon Paul (2017). Land ahoy? Navigating the genomic landscape of speciation while avoiding shipwreck. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. ISSN 1010-061X. 30(8), s. 1522–1525. doi: 10.1111/jeb.13129. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ravinet, Mark Simon Paul (2016). Interpreting the genomic landscape of speciation: finding barriers to gene flow in genome scan data. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Skrede, Inger; Kauserud, Håvard; Ravinet, Mark & Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Fungi contain multitudes: Tempo and modes of evolution in the purplepore bracket fungus Trichaptum. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Evolution has brought to life an immense diversity of forms, lifestyles and species in the fungi. Yet our knowledge about how this diversity has been generated remains sparse. I have taken a closer look at evolution in a group of wood decay fungi in genus Trichaptum, with the aim of gaining more insight about the speciation process in fungi. Trichaptum species are common, easy to culture, and can be crossed in the lab. Moreover, they have varying degrees of reproductive barriers, and these attributes make them suitable for speciation studies as the development of reproductive barriers is central to the speciation process. I have established a comprehensive culture collection that have been put through crossing experiments and whole genome DNA sequencing to investigate the evolutionary history of different Trichaptum lineages and the genetic causes of their reproductive barriers. Analyses of the sequenced genomes revealed multiple hybridization events, which speaks to the importance of reticulate evolution in these fungi. The studies cover evolution in genus Trichaptum at multiple scales, from the relatively recent changes occurring within Europe in T. abietinum, to changes that have happened between continents and distinctly differentiated species across larger time spans. Altogether this work demonstrates how multiple evolutionary forces across different temporal and genetic scales have interacted to shape the current diversity and genomic landscape in Trichaptum.

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