Pål Trosvik

• Nguyen, Nga; Fashing, Peter J.; Trosvik, Pål; Stenseth, Nils Christian & de Muinck, Eric (2024). A Quantitative Comparison of Patterns of Play and Conflict in Nature Preschool and Traditional Preschool Children in Norway. International Journal of Early Childhood. ISSN 0020-7187. doi: 10.1007/s13158-024-00394-1.
• de Muinck, Eric; Trosvik, Pål; Nguyen, Nga; Fashing, Peter J.; Stigum, Vetle Malmer & Robinson, Nina [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Reduced abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the gut microbiota of children diagnosed with cancer, a pilot study. Frontiers in Mircobiomes. ISSN 2813-4338. 2. doi: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1151889. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kamenova, Stefaniya; de Muinck, Eric; Veiberg, Vebjørn; Utsi, Tove Hilde Ågnes; Steyaert, Sam & Albon, Steve [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Gut microbiome biogeography in reindeer supersedes millennia of ecological and evolutionary separation. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. ISSN 0168-6496. 99(12). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiad157. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Evangelista, Charlotte; Kamenova, Stefaniya; Diaz Pauli, Beatriz; Sandkjenn, Joakim; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Edeline, Eric [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Within-species variation in the gut microbiome of medaka (Oryzias latipes) is driven by the interaction of light intensity and genetic background. Peer Community Journal. 3. doi: 10.24072/pcjournal.306. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nielsen, Kaare Magne; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Steinbakk, Martin; Trosvik, Pål & Wester, Astrid Louise [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Microbial Ecology of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 28. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Herstad, Kristin Marie Valand; Trosvik, Pål; Haaland, Anita Haug; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus; de Muinck, Eric & Skancke, Ellen (2021). Changes in the fecal microbiota in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea during an outbreak in Norway. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM). ISSN 0891-6640. 35(5), s. 2177–2186. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16201. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wasteson, Yngvild; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Joner, Erik; Madslien, Elisabeth Henie; Ottoson, Jakob & Sørum, Henning [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Assessment of the impact of wastewater and sewage sludge treatment methods on antimicrobial resistance. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Microbial Ecology of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2020(8), s. 1–159. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The request from NFSA and NEA: Antimicrobial agents and microorganisms are introduced to sewage systems by different human activities, from private homes, institutions such as schools and hospitals, office buildings, industrial and commercial activities, i.e., from everywhere where people work and live. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø, VKM) for an extension of the 2009 VKM report “Risk assessment of contaminants in sewage sludge applied on Norwegian soils” regarding the impact of wastewater (WW)- and sewage sludge treatment methods used in Norway, on the fate and survival of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, fate of antimicrobial resistance genes, and main drivers for resistance (e.g. antibiotics, antifungal agents, heavy metals, disinfectants). The request addressed by VKM: VKM appointed a working group, consisting of three members of the Panel on Microbial Ecology, four external members and VKM staff to prepare a draft Opinion document. The Panel on Microbial Ecology has reviewed and revised the draft prepared by the working group and approved the Opinion document “Assessment of the impact of wastewater and sewage sludge treatment methods on antimicrobial resistance”. The antimicrobial resistance cycle: Exposure to antimicrobial agents is regarded as the most important driver for development and dissemination of AMR in microorganisms. Consequently, an important location for the development of AMR is the gut of humans or animals receiving antimicrobial drug therapy. As ARB, ARG, resistance genes and antimicrobial agents will end up in the WW system, this system could be regarded as a potential hot spot for interactions between different microorganisms, between different antimicrobial agents, and between microorganisms and antimicrobial agents. Hospitals and pharmaceutical companies are regarded as being an important source for antimicrobial drug residues released in WW. At the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), bacteria and genes end up either in the effluent wastewater fraction or in the sludge fraction. When ARB and ARG are distributed with the WW sludge, they may reach arable land when the sludge is used as soil improver and fertilising product, and thus be recycled into the food-production chain. When following the effluent WW fraction, ARB and ARB will be released into WW recipients, such as lakes, rivers or fjords, and may, from these environments, also be recycled into food production. In each step of these cycles, ARB and ARG will be introduced into new environmental compartments to which they must adapt, and to microbial communities with which they must compete for survival and growth. Depending on the bacterial species, these new environmental compartments will be more or less hostile, but they will also provide opportunities for microbial interactions, like dissemination of ARG due to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) within and between bacterial species. Findings: It is challenging to deliver a general assessment of the nature of as well as the probability for direct discharge of ARB and ARG into effluent WW and applied sludge. This is due to the combined complexity of resistance carriers, traits, various sources of variation, and the WW systems. Moreover, there is currently a lack of harmonized methods and protocols to compare studies from different systems. However, there are no strong indications that there is a significant enrichment of ARB in WWTP operated under European conditions, which, on a general level, also applies to the Norwegian situation. Although some studies indicate a slight increase in the fraction of ARB, the absolute reduction in bacterial load during WW treatment (WWT) is significant; removal of between 99 % to 99.9 % of faecal indicator bacteria is generally achieved by secondary .......

• Rowe, Melissah; Veerus, Liisa; Trosvik, Pål; Buckling, Angus & Pizzari, Tommaso (2020). The reproductive microbiome: An emerging driver of sexual selection, sexual conflict, mating systems, and reproductive isolation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. ISSN 0169-5347. 35(3), s. 220–234. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.11.004. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Trosvik, Pål; de Muinck, Eric; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Fashing, Peter; Beierschmitt, Evan C. & Callingham, Kadie R. [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Multilevel social structure and diet shape the gut microbiota of the gelada monkey, the only grazing primate. Microbiome. ISSN 2049-2618. 6(84), s. 1–18. doi: 10.1186/s40168-018-0468-6.
• de Muinck, Eric & Trosvik, Pål (2018). Individuality and convergence of the infant gut microbiota during the first year of life. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 9(1), s. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04641-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Trosvik, Pål; Rueness, Eli Knispel; de Muinck, Eric; Moges, Amera & Mekonnen, Addisu (2018). Ecological plasticity in the gastrointestinal microbiomes of Ethiopian Chlorocebus monkeys. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 8(1), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18435-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• de Muinck, Eric; Lundin, Knut Erik Aslaksen & Trosvik, Pål (2017). Linking Spatial Structure and Community-Level Biotic Interactions through Cooccurrence and Time Series Modeling of the Human Intestinal Microbiota. mSystems. ISSN 2379-5077. 2(5). doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00086-17. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• de Muinck, Eric; Trosvik, Pål; Gilfillan, Gregor Duncan; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund & Sundaram, Arvind (2017). A novel ultra high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing library preparation method for the Illumina HiSeq platform. Microbiome. ISSN 2049-2618. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0279-1.
• Liljegren, Mikkel Meyn; De Muinck, Eric & Trosvik, Pål (2016). Microsatellite length scoring by single molecule real time sequencing - Effects of sequence structure and PCR regime. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(7), s. 1–17. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159232.
• Trosvik, Pål & De Muinck, Eric (2015). Ecology of bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract — identification of keystone and foundation taxa. Microbiome. ISSN 2049-2618. 3(44), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s40168-015-0107-4.
• Trosvik, Pål; De Muinck, Eric & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2015). Biotic interactions and temporal dynamics of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. The ISME Journal. ISSN 1751-7362. 9(3), s. 533–541. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2014.147.
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Naidenko, Sergei; Trosvik, Pål & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2014). Large-scale genetic structuring of a widely distributed carnivore - The eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 9(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093675. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skånseng, Beate; Svihus, Birger; Rudi, Knut; Trosvik, Pål & Moen, Birgitte (2013). Effect of Different Feed Structures and Bedding on the Horizontal Spread of Campylobacter jejuni within Broiler Flocks. Agriculture. ISSN 2077-0472. 3(4), s. 741–760. doi: 10.3390/agriculture3040741.
• De Muinck, Eric; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Sachse, Daniel; Vander Roost, Jan Pieter; Rønningen, Kjersti Skjold & Rudi, Knut [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Context-Dependent Competition in a Model Gut Bacterial Community. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 8(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067210. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• De Muinck, Eric; Lagesen, Karin; Afset, Jan Egil; Didelot, Xavier; Rønningen, Kjersti Skjold & Rudi, Knut [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Comparisons of infant Escherichia coli isolates link genomic profiles with adaptation to the ecological niche. BMC Genomics. ISSN 1471-2164. 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-81. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skånseng, Beate; Kaldhusdal, Magne; Moen, Birgitte; Gjevre, Anne Gerd; Johannessen, Gro & Sekelja, Monika [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Prevention of intestinal Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers by combinations of in-feed organic acids. Journal of Applied Microbiology. ISSN 1364-5072. 109(4), s. 1265–1273. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04766.x.
• Trosvik, Pål; Rudi, Knut; Strætkvern, Knut Olav; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Næs, Tormod & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2010). Web of ecological interactions in an experimental gut microbiota. Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 1462-2912. 12(10), s. 2677–2687. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02236.x.
• Trosvik, Pål; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Rudi, Knut (2010). Convergent temporal dynamics of the human infant gut microbiota. The ISME Journal. ISSN 1751-7362. 4(2), s. 151–158. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2009.96. Vis sammendrag

  Temporal dynamics of the human gut microbiota is of fundamental importance for the development of proper gut function and maturation of the immune system. Here we present a description of infant gut ecological dynamics using a combination of nonlinear data modeling and simulations of the early infant gut colonization processes. Principal component analysis of infant microbiota 16S rRNA gene microarray data showed that the main directions of variation were defined by three phylum-specific probes targeting Bacteroides, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Nonlinear regression analysis identified several dynamic interactions between these three phyla. Simulations of the early phylum-level colonization process showed the relatively rapid establishment of an equilibrium community after an unstable initial phase. In general, varying the initial composition of phyla in the simulations had little bearing on the final equilibrium. The dynamic interaction model was found to maintain its predictive ability for Proteobacteria and Firmicutes well into the simulation, whereas Bacteroides densities tended to be underestimated, possibly due to host top-down selection for Bacteroides. In accordance with our model, initial perturbation of the microbiota by different mode of delivery (vaginal and C-section) did not affect the later phylum composition in the infants investigated. Considering the predictive ability and convergence of our phylum-level model, we now propose that deterministic bacterial-bacterial interactions are more important for shaping the human infant gut microbiota than previously anticipated. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 151-158; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.96; published online 27 August 2009

• Zimonja, Monika; Rudi, Knut; Trosvik, Pål & Næs, Tormod (2008). Multivariate curve resolution of mixed bacterial DNA sequence spectra: identification and quantification of bacteria in undefined mixture samples. Journal of Chemometrics. ISSN 0886-9383. 22(05.jun), s. 309–322. doi: 10.1002/cem.1115. Vis sammendrag

  A comprehensive understanding of factors that influence microbial competition and cooperation, their diversity and processes will be greatly beneficial in many research areas. Current tools for microflora determinations are far from suitable for high-throughput monitoring of development in complex microbial communities. Here, we describe the application of a calibration free method, multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), for identification and quantification of different microbes in mixture samples. The idea is to utilize MCR-ALS to enable close monitoring of ecology in a variety of microbial communities. The data from two designed experiments consisting of DNA sequence spectra measured on mixtures were analysed with MCR-ALS using no prior information on the data except for appropriate constraints, such as non-negativity and closure. The results were compared both to the known true concentrations as well as to the results obtained from the well-established multivariate calibration method partial least squares (PLS) regression. MCR-ALS performed as well as PLS regression, successfully extracting all pure bacterial spectra and quantitative information on these, with 97.81% and 97.91% explained variance for the first and the second data set, respectively. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

• Trosvik, Pål; Rudi, Knut; Næs, Tormod; Kohler, Achim; Chan, Kai-Ming & Jakobsen, Kjetill S. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Characterizing mixed microbial population dynamics using time-series analysis. The ISME Journal. ISSN 1751-7362. 2(7), s. 707–715. Vis sammendrag

  Due to a general shortage of temporal population data, dynamic structures in microbial communities remain largely unexplored. Knowledge of community dynamics is, however, essential for understanding the mechanisms by which microbes interact. Here, we have used a computational approach for quantification of bacteria in multispecies populations, generating data for time-series modeling. Moreover, we have used online FR-IR spectroscopy to monitor the main metabolic processes. The approach enabled us to provide a functional description of the parameters governing the population dynamics in a three-species model bacterial community, demonstrating density-dependent regulation, interspecies competition and even a case of cooperation between two species. Since the field of microbial ecology has yet to embrace many of the concepts and methods developed for the study of ecology of higher plants and animals, the realization that microbial systems can be analyzed within the same conceptual framework as other ecosystems is of fundamental importance.

• Zimonja, Monika Sekelja; Rudi, K; Trosvik, Pål & Næs, Tormod (2008). Multivariate curve resolution of mixed bacterial DNA sequence spectra: identification and quantification of bacteria in undefined mixture samples. Journal of Chemometrics. ISSN 0886-9383. 22, s. 309–322. doi: 10.1002/cem.1115.
• Trosvik, Pål; Rudi, Knut; Næs, Tormod; Kohler, Achim; Chan, Kung-Sik & Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Characterizing mixed microbial population dynamics using time-series analysis. The ISME Journal. ISSN 1751-7362. 2(7), s. 707–715. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.36.
• Rudi, Knut; Zimonja, Monika; Næs, Tormod & Trosvik, Pål (2007). Use of multivariate statistics for 16S rRNA gene analysis of microbial communities. International journal of food microbiology. ISSN 0168-1605. 120(01.feb), s. 95–99. Vis sammendrag

  Understanding dynamic processes and diversity in microbial communities is of key importance for combating pathogens and for stimulating beneficial bacteria. We have addressed these challenges utilising multivariate statistics for analyses of microbial community structures. We based our microbial community analyses on 16S rRNA gene data. This gene is by far the most widely applied genetic marker for phylogenetic and microbial community studies. Both probe and clone library data were analysed. We analysed the clone library data using a newly developed coordinate-based phylogenetic approach. By using coordinates, we avoid both DNA sequence alignments and the need for definition of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The basic principle is to transform the sequence data to frequencies of multimers (short sequences of n=2 to 6), and then to use principal component analyses (PCA) for data compression into an orthogonal coordinate space. We used our coordinate method for global 16S rRNA gene analyses of prokaryotes. When comparing microbial communities, it is often important to determine the relationship between the microflora and knowledge about the samples analysed. We used partial least square regression (PLSR) to relate physical/chemical properties to microbial community composition. This was done by analysing both probe and clone library data using the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on fish microflora as an example. We are currently investigating approaches to describe dynamic microbial community interactions. Our ultimate goal is to understand and model the main dynamic interactions in complete microbial communities. Notes: Journal article

• Trosvik, Pål; Skånseng, Beate; Jakobsen, Kjetill S.; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Næs, Tormod & Rudi, Knut (2007). Multivariate Analysis of Complex DNA Sequence Electropherograms for High-Throughput Quantitative Analysis of Mixed Microbial Populations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. 73(15), s. 4975–4983. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00128-07. Vis sammendrag

  High-throughput quantification of genetically coherent units (GCUs) is essential for deciphering population dynamics and species interactions within a community of microbes. Current techniques for microbial community analyses are, however, not suitable for this kind of high-throughput application. Here, we demonstrate the use of multivariate statistical analysis of complex DNA sequence electropherograms for the effective and accurate estimation of relative genotype abundance in cell samples from mixed microbial populations. The procedure is no more labor-intensive than standard automated DNA sequencing and provides a very effective means of quantitative data acquisition from experimental microbial communities. We present results with the Campylobacter jejuni strain-specific marker gene gltA, as well as the 16S rRNA gene, which is a universal marker across bacterial assemblages. The statistical models computed for these genes are applied to genetic data from two different experimental settings, namely, a chicken infection model and a multispecies anaerobic fermentation model, demonstrating collection of time series data from model bacterial communities. The method presented here is, however, applicable to any experimental scenario where the interest is quantification of GCUs in genetically heterogeneous DNA samples.

• Skånseng, Beate; Trosvik, Pål; Zimonja, Monika; Johnsen, Gro; Bjerrum, Lotte & Pedersen, Karl [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Co-Infection Dynamics of a Major Food-borne Zoonotic Pathogen in Chicken. PLoS Pathogens. ISSN 1553-7366. 3(11), s. 1–8. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030175.
• Rudi, Knut; Zimonja, Monika Sekelja; Trosvik, Pål & Næs, Tormod (2007). Use of multivariate statistics for 16S rRNA gene analysis of microbial communities. International journal of food microbiology. ISSN 0168-1605. 120, s. 95–99.
• Trosvik, Pål; Skanseng, B; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Næs, Tormod & Rudi, K (2007). Multivariate analysis of complex DNA sequence electropherograms for high-throughput quantitative analysis of mixed microbial populations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. 73, s. 4975–4983. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00128-07.
• Skanseng, B; Trosvik, Pål; Zimonja, Monika Sekelja; Johnsen, G; Bjerrum, L & Pedersen, K [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Co-infection dynamics of a major food-borne zoonotic pathogen in chicken. PLoS Pathogens. ISSN 1553-7366. 3, s. 1790–1797. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030175.

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• Lind, Vibeke; de Muinck, Eric; Jørgensen, Grete Helen Meisfjord & Trosvik, Pål (2022). Micro- and macroalgae additives to mitigate enteric methane emisisons from Norwegian sheep. 8th International Greenhouse Gas & Animal Agriculture Conference. 8, s. 140–140.
• Lind, Vibeke; de Muinck, Eric; Jørgensen, Grete Helen Meisfjord & Trosvik, Pål (2022). Micro- and macroalgae additives to mitigate enteric methane emissions from Norwegian sheep.
• Lind, Vibeke; Trosvik, Pål; de Muincke, Eric; Skjånes, Kari; Jørgensen, Grete Helen Meisfjord & Borgvang, Stig A. (2022). Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) in diet to sheep for DNA profile in rumen microbiomes.
• Rowe, Melissah; Veerus, Liisa; Trosvik, Pål; Buckling, Angus & Pizzari, Tommaso (2020). Reproductive Microbiomes and the Sexual Transmission of Beneficial Microbes: Reply to Lombardo et al. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. ISSN 0169-5347. 35(11), s. 964–965. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.017.
• Nielsen, Kaare Magne; Wasteson, Yngvild; Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour; Bergh, Øivind; Eklo, Ole Martin & Joner, Erik [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from an environmental perspective. A short summary of assessments prepared by VKM in the period 2015- 2020. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2020:10, s. 1–36.
• Rowe, Melissah; de Muinck, Erik; Fredriksen, Simen; Carneiro, Diana; Star, Bastiaan & Trosvik, Pål (2018). Ejaculate microbiota of birds: inter-specific variation and disease transmission.
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Trosvik, Pål; Atickem, Anagaw Meshesha; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio & Trucchi, Emiliano (2015). The African wolf is a missing link in the wolf-like canid phylogeny. bioRxiv. ISSN 2692-8205. doi: 10.1101/017996.
• Stenseth, Nils Christian; Voje, Kjetil L.; Holen, Øistein Haugsten; Liow, Lee Hsiang & Trosvik, Pål (2014). Biotic and abiotic interactions in evolution: the Red Queen perspective on evolution in biotic communities.
• Stenseth, Nils Christian; Voje, Kjetil L.; Holen, Øistein Haugsten; Liow, Lee Hsiang & Trosvik, Pål (2014). Coevolution in multispecies communities: the Red Queen Perspective.
• Trosvik, Pål & De Muinck, Eric (2014). Biotic interactions and temporal dynamics of the human GI microbiota.
• Skånseng, Beate; Trosvik, Pål; Zimonja, Monika; Johnsen, Gro; Bjerrum, Lotte & Pedersen, Karl [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Co-Infection Dynamics of a Majo food-Borne Zoonotic Pathogen in Chicken.
• Madslien, Elisabeth Henie; Asare, Nana Yaa Ohene; Bergh, Øivind; Joner, Erik; Trosvik, Pål & Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Current knowledge of the health and environmental risks of microbialbased cleaning products. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Microbial Ecology of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-325-0.
• de Muinck, Eric; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Rønningen, Kjersti Skjold; Rudi, Knut & Trosvik, Pål (2013). Deep characterization of Escherichia coli in a cohort of mothers and their infants. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710.
• Trosvik, Pål (2008). Ecology of gut bacteria - microbial community dynamics investigated using an integrated approach. Unipub forlag. ISSN 1501-7710.

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