Sundy Maurice

• Zhao, Heng; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Wu, Fang; Liu, Xiao-Yong; Maurice, Sundy & Krutovsky, Konstantin V. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Insights into the Ecological Diversification of the Hymenochaetales based on Comparative Genomics and Phylogenomics with an Emphasis on Coltricia. Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE). ISSN 1759-6653. 15(8), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evad136. Full text in Research Archive
• Bonin, Frédéric; Maurice, Sundy & Bastit, Félix (2023). Forest planning has to be adapted to face as yet unknown challenges. Revue forestière française. ISSN 0035-2829. 74(2), p. 293–298. doi: 10.20870/revforfr.2023.7613. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lisa Fagerli; Birkemoe, Tone; Kauserud, Håvard; Boddy, Lynne; Jacobsen, Rannveig Margrete & Morgado, Luis [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). DNA metabarcoding reveals host-specific communities of arthropods residing in fungal fruit bodies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8452. 289(1968). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2622. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Biological communities within living organisms are structured by their host’s traits. How host traits affect biodiversity and community composition is poorly explored for some associations, such as arthropods within fungal fruit bodies. Using DNA metabarcoding, we characterized the arthropod communities in living fruit bodies of 11 wood-decay fungi from boreal forests and investigated how they were affected by different fungal traits. Arthropod diversity was higher in fruit bodies with a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, suggesting that colonization is crucial to maintain arthropod populations. Diversity was not higher in long-lived fruit bodies, most likely because these fungi invest in physical or chemical defences against arthropods. Arthropod community composition was structured by all measured host traits, namely fruit body size, thickness, surface area, morphology and toughness. Notably, we identified a community gradient where soft and short-lived fruit bodies harboured more true flies, while tougher and long-lived fruit bodies had more oribatid mites and beetles, which might reflect different development times of the arthropods. Ultimately, close to 75% of the arthropods were specific to one or two fungal hosts. Besides revealing surprisingly diverse and host-specific arthropod communities within fungal fruit bodies, our study provided insight into how host traits structure communities. host traits, arthropod, DNA metabarcoding, wood-decay fungi, fruit body, insect–fungus interactions

• Estensmo, Eva Lena Fjeld; Botnen, Synnøve Smebye; Maurice, Sundy; Martin Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Morgado, Luis & Engh, Ingeborg Bjorvand [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). The Indoor Mycobiomes of Daycare Centers Are Affected by Occupancy and Climate. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. 88(6). doi: 10.1128/aem.02113-21. Full text in Research Archive
• Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Trucchi, Emiliano; Nordén, Jenni; Skrede, Inger; Miettinen, Otto & Haridas, Sajeet [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Population genomics of a forest fungus reveals high gene flow and climate adaptation signatures. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 31(7), p. 1963–1979. doi: 10.1111/mec.16369. Show summary

  Genome sequencing of spatially distributed individuals sheds light on how evolution structures genetic variation. Populations of Phellopilus nigrolimitatus, a red-listed wood-inhabiting fungus associated with old-growth coniferous forests, have decreased in size over the last century due to a loss of suitable habitats. We assessed the population genetic structure and investigated local adaptation in P. nigrolimitatus, by establishing a reference genome and genotyping 327 individuals sampled from 24 locations in Northern Europe by RAD sequencing. We revealed a shallow population genetic structure, indicating large historical population sizes and high levels of gene flow. Despite this weak substructuring, two genetic groups were recognized; a western group distributed mostly in Norway and an eastern group covering most of Finland, Poland and Russia. This substructuring may reflect coimmigration with the main host, Norway spruce (Picea abies), into Northern Europe after the last ice age. We found evidence of low levels of genetic diversity in southwestern Finland, which has a long history of intensive forestry and urbanization. Numerous loci were significantly associated with one or more environmental factors, indicating adaptation to specific environments. These loci clustered into two groups with different associations with temperature and precipitation. Overall, our findings indicate that the current population genetic structure of P. nigrolimitatus results from a combination of gene flow, genetic drift and selection. The acquisition of similar knowledge especially over broad geographic scales, linking signatures of adaptive genetic variation to evolutionary processes and environmental variation, for other fungal species will undoubtedly be useful for assessment of the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change on fungi strongly bound to old-growth forests. demography, forest fragmentation, genotype-environment associations, local adaptation, Picea abies, post-glacial colonization, wood decay fungi

• Estensmo, Eva Lena F.; Morgado, Luis; Maurice, Sundy; Martin Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Engh, Ingeborg B. & Mattsson, Johan [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Spatiotemporal variation of the indoor mycobiome in daycare centers. Microbiome. ISSN 2049-2618. 9(1), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01167-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Hage, Hayat; Miyauchi, Shingo; Virágh, Máté; Drula, Elodie; Min, Byoungnam & Chaduli, Delphine [Show all 37 contributors for this article] (2021). Gene family expansions and transcriptome signatures uncover fungal adaptations to wood decay. Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 1462-2912. 23(10), p. 5716–5732. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15423. Full text in Research Archive
• Skrede, Inger; Murat, Claude; Hess, Jaqueline; Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik & Kohler, Annegret [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Contrasting demographic histories revealed in two invasive populations of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 30(12), p. 2772–2789. doi: 10.1111/mec.15934. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Globalization and international trade have impacted organisms around the world leading to a considerable number of species establishing in new geographic areas. Many organisms have taken advantage of human-made environments, including buildings. One such species is the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans, which is the most aggressive wood-decay fungus in indoor environments in temperate regions. Using population genomic analyses of 36 full genome sequenced isolates, we demonstrated that European and Japanese isolates are highly divergent and the populations split 3000–19,000 generations ago, probably predating human influence. Approximately 250 generations ago, the European population went through a tight bottleneck, probably corresponding to the fungus colonization of the built environment in Europe. The demographic history of these populations, probably lead to low adaptive potential. Only two loci under selection were identified using a Fst outlier approach, and selective sweep analyses identified three loci with extended haplotype homozygosity. The selective sweep analyses found signals in genes possibly related to decay of various substrates in Japan and in genes involved DNA replication and protein modification in Europe. Our results suggest that the dry rot fungus independently established in indoor environments in Europe and Japan and that invasive species can potentially establish large populations in new habitats based on a few colonizing individuals.

• Estensmo, Eva Lena Fjeld; Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Morgado, Luis; Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Skrede, Inger & Kauserud, Håvard (2021). The influence of intraspecific sequence variation during DNA metabarcoding: A case study of eleven fungal species. Molecular Ecology Resources. ISSN 1755-098X. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13329. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  DNA metabarcoding has become a powerful approach for analysing complex communities from environmental samples, but there are still methodological challenges limiting its full potential. While conserved DNA markers, like 16S and 18S, often are not able to discriminate among closely related species, other more variable markers – like the fungal ITS region, may include considerable intraspecific variation, which can lead to oversplitting of species during DNA metabarcoding analyses. Here we assessed the effects of intraspecific sequence variation in DNA metabarcoding by analysing local populations of eleven fungal species. We investigated the allelic diversity of ITS2 haplotypes using both Sanger sequencing and high throughput sequencing (HTS) coupled with error correction with the software dada2. All the eleven species, except one, included some level of intraspecific variation in the ITS2 region. Overall, we observed a high correspondence between haplotypes generated by Sanger sequencing and HTS, with the exception of a few additional haplotypes detected using either approach. These extra haplotypes, typically occurring in low frequencies, were probably due to PCR and sequencing errors or intragenomic variation in the rDNA region. The presence of intraspecific (and possibly intragenomic) variation in ITS2 suggest that haplotypes (or ASVs) should not be used as basic units in ITS‐based fungal community analyses, but an extra clustering step is needed to approach species‐level resolution.

• Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Estensmo, Eva Lena Fjeld; Morgado, Luis; Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Engh, Ingeborg Bjorvand & Skrede, Inger [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Analysing indoor mycobiomes through a large‐scale citizen science study in Norway. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 30, p. 2689–2705. doi: 10.1111/mec.15916. Show summary

  In the built environment, fungi can cause important deterioration of building materials and adverse health effects on occupants. Increased knowledge about indoor mycobiomes from different regions of the world, and their main environmental determinants, will enable improved indoor air quality management and identification of health risks. This is the first citizen science study about indoor mycobiomes at a large geographical scale in Europe, including 271 houses from Norway and 807 dust samples from three house compartments: outside of the building, living room and bathroom. The fungal community composition determined by DNA metabarcoding was clearly different between indoor and outdoor samples, but there were no significant differences between the two indoor compartments. The 32 selected variables, related to the outdoor environment, building features and occupant characteristics, accounted for 15% of the overall variation in community composition, with the house compartment as the key factor (7.6%). Next, the climate was the main driver of the dust mycobiomes (4.2%), while building and occupant variables had significant but minor influences (1.4% and 1.1%, respectively). The house‐dust mycobiomes were dominated by ascomycetes (⁓70%) with Capnodiales and Eurotiales as the most abundant orders. Compared to the outdoor samples, the indoor mycobiomes showed higher species richness, which is probably due to the mixture of fungi from outdoor and indoor sources. The main indoor indicator fungi belonged to two ecological groups with allergenic potential: xerophilic molds and skin‐associated yeasts. Our results suggest that citizen science is a successful approach for unraveling the built microbiome at large geographical scales.

• Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Arnault, Gontran; Nordén, Jenni; Botnen, Synnøve Smebye; Miettinen, Otto & Kauserud, Håvard (2021). Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi. The ISME Journal. ISSN 1751-7362. 15, p. 1445–1457. doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-00862-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  porocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the diversity, taxonomic composition and host preference of fungicolous fungi (i.e., fungi that feed on other fungi) in sporocarps. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from 176 sporocarps of 11 wood-decay fungal host species, all collected within a forest in northeast Finland. We assessed the influence of sporocarp traits, such as lifespan, morphology and size, on the fungicolous fungal community. The level of colonisation by fungicolous fungi, measured as the proportion of non-host ITS2 reads, varied between 2.8–39.8% across the 11 host species and was largely dominated by Ascomycota. Host species was the major determinant of the community composition and diversity of fungicolous fungi, suggesting that host adaptation is important for many fungicolous fungi. Furthermore, the alpha diversity was consistently higher in short-lived and resupinate sporocarps compared to long-lived and pileate ones, perhaps due to a more hostile environment for fungal growth in the latter too. The fungicolous fungi represented numerous lineages in the fungal tree of life, among which a significant portion was poorly represented with reference sequences in databases.

• Jenssen, Andreas Langeland; Kauserud, Håvard & Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane (2020). High phenotypic variability in the wood decay fungus Phellopilus nigrolimitatus. Fungal ecology. ISSN 1754-5048. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100982.
• Nordén, Jenni; Abrego, Nerea; Boddy, Lynne; Bässler, Claus; Dahlberg, Anders & Halme, Panu [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2020). Ten principles for conservation translocations of threatened wood-inhabiting fungi. Fungal ecology. ISSN 1754-5048. 44. doi: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100919. Show summary

  Unlike for many other organism groups, conservation translocations of fungi are still rare. Encouraged by recent successful translocations, there is a growing interest in applying this conservation tool to threatened wood-inhabiting fungi. When combined with other conservation or restoration measures, translocation can be an effective measure for preventing further population decline in the short term, and species extinctions in the long term. Translocations can be appropriate for rare and specialist fungal species that occur as small local populations in isolated patches across fragmented landscapes, where there is a low likelihood of successful dispersal between distant host trees that have special qualities and are situated in suitable conditions. As species translocations are a controversial topic, the pros and cons of translocation as a conservation tool for threatened fungi need careful consideration. We highlight the uncertainties and risks that are connected to fungal translocations, and propose ten principles adhering to the precautionary principle. Cryptic species; dispersal limitation; extinction; forest fragmentation; genetic variation; habitat loss; population viability; reintroduction; species interactions; species restoration

• Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Montes, Melanie; Nielsen, Bent J.; Bødker, Lars; Martin, Michael David & Jønck, Carina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Population genomics of an outbreak of the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, reveals both clonality and high genotypic diversity. Molecular plant pathology. ISSN 1464-6722. 20(8), p. 1134–1146. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12819. Full text in Research Archive
• Maurice, Sundy; Skrede, Inger; LeFloch, Gaetan; Barbier, Georges & Kauserud, Håvard (2014). Population structure of Serpula lacrymans in Europe with an outlook to the French population. Mycologia. ISSN 0027-5514. 106(5), p. 889–895. doi: 10.3852/12-344.

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• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy; Kauserud, Håvard & Ravinet, Mark [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Population genomics reveal multiple lineages with leaky intersterility barriers in the widespread forest fungus Trichaptum abietinum.
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy; Kauserud, Håvard & Ravinet, Mark [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Understanding the nature of the reproductive barriers within the wood decay species Trichaptum abietinum.
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris Navarro, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy; Kauserud, Håvard & Ravinet, Mark [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Global phylogeography of a wood decay fungus indicates reinforcement on secondary contact.
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy; Kauserud, Håvard & Ravinet, Mark [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Understanding the nature of the reproductive barriers within the wood decay species Trichaptum abietinum.
• Skrede, Inger; Hess, Jaqueline; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Eastwood, Daniel C. & Kauserud, Håvard (2018). How to decompose a house? Comparative and population genomic analyses of the dry rot fungus.
• Skrede, Inger; Hess, Jaqueline; Balasundaram, Sudhagar; Högberg, Nils; Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane & Kohler, Annegret [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Evolutionary necessities for invading buildings, comparative and population genomic analyses in the dry rot fungus.
• Lü, Dabao Sun; Peris, David; Skrede, Inger; Kauserud, Håvard; Ravinet, Mark & Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Fungi contain multitudes: Tempo and modes of evolution in the purplepore bracket fungus Trichaptum. University of Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710. Full text in Research Archive

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