Jo Herstad

• Colley, Jemina; Joshi, Suhas Govind; Biggelaar, Anne van den; Strömqvist, Sofia; Kirjavainen, Emma & Herstad, Jo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Where Participation Happens: Mapping Contemporary Sociotechnical Settings. In Havinen, Laura & Hägglund, Susanne (Ed.), NordiCHI '26 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400727986. p. 1–5. doi: 10.1145/3821402.3830202. Full text in Research Archive
• Njå, Ola; Nielsen, Arne Eirik; Holone, Harald; Joshi, Suhas Govind & Herstad, Jo (2026). Closing Time: A Theatre of Augmentation. In Havinen, Laura & Hägglund, Susanne (Ed.), NordiCHI '26: Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400723735. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1145/3821402.3830169. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakås, Sigrid Hoddø; Woźniak, Mikołaj P.; Herstad, Jo; Woźniak, Paweł W. & Niess, Jasmin (2025). The Dual Model for Everyday Stress Technology: Understanding the Lived Experience of Data-Driven Stress. In i Yamashita, Naomi; Evers, V.; i Yatani, Koji; ) Ding, Xianghua (Sharon); n Lee, Bongshin; i Chetty, Marshini & O Toups-Dugas, Phoebe O (Ed.), CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9798400713941. p. 1–18. doi: 10.1145/3706598.3713174. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Technology plays a dual role in our daily lives, both contributing to heightened stress levels and offering potential solutions for stress management. However, the lived experience of stress in everyday contexts remains underexplored, leaving a critical gap in our understanding of how stress manifests and how technology can effectively support stress management. To address this, we conducted user interviews and expert interviews with specialists in psychology, health, and stress research, complemented by an autoethnographic study. Our findings show the complexity of stress as both a subjective experience and a response shaped by socio-technical environments, leading to the construction of the Dual Model for Everyday Stress Technology. This model highlights the paradoxical nature of stress and its management in technology-mediated settings. We identify key directions for future stress-management technology design and research, with implications for creating meaningful, human-centred technologies for managing stress in everyday life.

• Sandnes, Frode Eika; Tollefsen, Morten; Herstad, Jo & Knarlag, Kjetil A. (2024). Should Student Coursework Be Universally Designed? Universal Design Requirements May Prevent Academic Cheating. In Fuglerud, Kristin Skeide; Leister, Wolfgang & Vidal, Juan Carlos Torrado (Ed.), Universal Design 2024: Shaping a Sustainable, Equitable and Resilient Future for All. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Universal Design (UD2024), Oslo, Norway, 20-22 November 2024. IOS Press. ISSN 9781643685526. p. 158–165. doi: 10.3233/SHTI240998. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study explores the proposition of requiring students to hand in universally designed coursework and the transferrable benefits of accessibility audits. Coursework that adheres to universal design (UD) principles will be more accessible to fellow students and teachers. In this study we investigate if the universal design perspective can have positive side effects as a vessel for plagiarism detection. An experiment confirmed that an accessibility checking tool indeed can help flag some cheating attempts that go undetected by the plagiarism detection tool, but not all. Universal designed coursework requirements may prevent students from exploiting several of these cheating techniques. Through the process of preparing universally designed assignments, students will gain practice, knowledge, increased competence, and awareness of UD.

• Newaz, Fahd Bin Malek; Karlsen, Joakim & Herstad, Jo (2023). Making Technology Matter for Processes of Co-Creation and Innovation in Cross-Sectorial Collaborations. In Stigberg, Susanne Koch & Karlsen, Joakim (Ed.), ACHI 2023: The Sixteenth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 9781685580780. p. 9–16. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article discusses the use of different representations of technology to expose, inform and engage participants taking part in co-creation activities. In our project, the participants co-create an activity to support the learning of cultural heritage. We build our research on the “design choices framework”, which provides a convenient structure for co-creation projects, but doesn’t address the role of technology in such projects. We discuss the benefits of adding a technology choice addressing how to enhance co-creation processes and improve the utility of the framework. By representing technology through, e.g., images, demos, and prototypes, appropriately in different stages of our co-creation project, we see a clear, positive impact.

• Carcani, Klaudia; Bratteteig, Tone; Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2023). EquiP: A Method to Co-Design for Cooperation. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). ISSN 0925-9724. 32, p. 385–438. doi: 10.1007/s10606-023-09463-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In Participatory Design (PD), the design of a cooperative digital solution should involve all stakeholders in the co-design. When one stakeholder’s position is weaker due to socio-cultural structures or differences in knowledge or abilities, PD methods should help designers balance the power in the design process at both the macro and micro levels. We present a PD method that addresses the power relations arising during the design process and draws on theories about participation and power in the design and organisation of change processes. We contribute to Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) by using the PD method to design computer support for cooperation on cognitive rehabilitation between people with Mild Acquired Brain Injuries (MACI) and their healthcare professionals, where strengthening the cooperation is considered an element of patient empowerment. This method is presented as a contribution to the intersection between PD and CSCW. The discussion of power in PD contributes to the discussion of cooperation in CSCW. We found that EquiP supported the creation of choices, and hence the ‘power to’ influence the design. This method can contribute to a power ‘equilibrium’ and a positive-sum power relation in PD sessions involving all stakeholders.

• Herstad, Jo; Schulz, Trenton Wade & Saplacan, Diana (2021). T-able: An Investigation of Habituating Moving Tables at Home. In Verma, Ira (Eds.), Universal Design 2021: From Special to Mainstream Solutions. IOS Press. ISSN 9781643681900. p. 238–251. doi: 10.3233/SHTI210400. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper investigates the philosophical and designerly questions of how the concepts of familiarity, orientation, and habituation can be used to understand a selfmoving (semi-autonomous robot) table at home. Tables are familiar habituated objects in domestic settings for people with various abilities. We explore the idea of a selfmoving table through the lens of universal design. Phenomenology is applied to get a grip on ways of orienting and being oriented by such habituated familiar objects. Specifically, we investigate how the t-able is used as a telephone table, where the telephone is always charged and in a fixed place on the table. This is an attempt to make the telephone easier to use and relate to at home. The paper aims to inform future robots' design for the independently living elderly by designing robots mainly from natural materials, such as wood. We also discuss similarities and differences between the universal design of the built environment and ICT environments with this paper.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo & Pajalic, Zada (2020). Use of Digital Learning Environments: A Study about Fragmented Information Awareness. ID&A Interaction design & architecture(s). ISSN 1826-9745. p. 86–109. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The study focuses on fragmented information awareness as a result of the cross-use of Digital Learning Environments (DLEs), rather than focusing on the use of individual Learning Management Systems (LMSs). This study goes beyond adopting an educational perspective as the classical studies on LMSs do. DLEs are defined as a plethora of digital systems that may be used within a teaching/learning context, including LMSs, but also social media shared dashboards communication tools, etc. used in such context. The paper addresses the issues encountered by different actors (students, teaching staff) when using DLEs. The study is theoretically anchored within the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)/Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) concept of awareness, repurposing the concept in an educational setting. The paper introduces fragmented information awareness, which is a new concept in the extensive existent body of literature on systems supporting Situation Awareness (SA), distributed, and shared awareness. The contribution of this paper lies in defining, describing, and addressing fragmented information awareness, grounded in empirical qualitative data. Moreover, the study addresses Universal Design (UD) issues by proposing a set of recommendations for non-fragmented information awareness from within and from without. Overall, the study subscribes to the third and fourth HCI waves.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo & Pajalic, Zada (2020). An Analysis of Independent Living Elderly’s Views on Robots: A Descriptive Study from the Norwegian Context. In Mauri, Lloret, James; Saplacan, Diana; Carcani, Klaudia; Ardiansyah, Prima Oky Dicky & Vasilache, Simona (Ed.), ACHI 2020, The Thirteenth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 9781612087610. p. 199–208. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study illustrates the independent living elderly’s (≥65 years) views on robots. The data was documented through audio recordings of interviews, photos, and written logs. The analysis was done through qualitative manifest and latent content analysis. The results of the analysis were sorted into three categories: aging during the technological renaissance, domestic robots, and the elderly’s expectations of robots. The overall resulted theme was: integrating robots in the elderly’s everyday life. The results were discussed through the lenses of the Sense-of-Coherence (SOC) theoretical construct and its belonging elements: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. The relevance of this paper contributes to giving an understanding of the domestic robots’ requirements specifications and the elderly’s expectation of human-robot interaction.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo & Schulz, Trenton Wade (2020). Situated Abilities within Universal Design – A Theoretical Exploration. International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems. 13(34), p. 278–291. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper investigates Universal Design (UD) through the idea of designing for situated abilities, rather than focusing on designing for disabled users. This shift in perspective from disabilities to abilities is explored through the design of a domestic robot that integrates into our homes, in a familiar way. We explore the concept of designing for situated abilities through a proof-of-concept robotic wooden table, the T-ABLE, as an alternative design for domestic robots. Finally, the paper identifies four dimensions of situated abilities.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo; Tørresen, Jim & Pajalic, Zada (2020). A Framework on Division of Work Tasks between Humans and Robots in the Home. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction. 4(3). doi: 10.3390/mti4030044. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper analyzes work activity in the home, e.g., cleaning, performed by two actors, a human and a robot. Nowadays, there are attempts to automate this activity through the use of robots. However, the activity of cleaning, in and of itself, is not important; it is used instrumentally to understand if and how robots can be integrated within current and future homes. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on empirical work collected as part of the Multimodal Elderly Care Systems (MECS) project. The study proposes a framework for the division of work tasks between humans and robots. The framework is anchored within existing research and our empirical findings. Swim-lane diagrams are used to visualize the tasks performed (WHAT), by each of the two actors, to ascertain the tasks’ temporality (WHEN), and their distribution and transitioning from one actor to the other (WHERE). The study presents the framework of various dimensions of work tasks, such as the types of work tasks, but also the temporality and spatiality of tasks, illustrating linear, parallel, sequential, and distributed tasks in a shared or non-shared space. The study’s contribution lies in its foundation for analyzing work tasks that robots integrated into or used in the home may generate for humans, along with their multimodal interactions. Finally, the framework can be used to visualize, plan, and design work tasks for the human and for the robot, respectively, and their work division.

• Saplacan, Diana & Herstad, Jo (2019). Understanding Robot Motion in Domestic Settings, Proceedings of the 9th Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and on Epigenetic Robotics. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781538681299. p. 67–74. doi: 10.1109/DEVLRN.2019.8850695. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper is a conceptual, empirical, and philosophical exploration of the ways we experience the motion of things. The paper aims to understand better how humans understand the motion of semi-autonomous things. The paper focuses on two perspectives of understanding (robot) motion: 1) through familiarity and a phenomenological approach; and 2) through legibility as a qualitative attribute of motion. Finally, seeing motion through the lenses of these two concepts adds to the development of an understanding of communication or interaction between humans and moving things, and the human relationship to motion.

• Saplacan, Diana & Herstad, Jo (2019). An Explorative Study on Motion as Feedback: Using Semi-Autonomous Robots in Domestic Settings. International Journal On Advances in Software. 12(1&2), p. 68–90. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents motion as feedback. The study is based on empirical data from an explorative study of semiautonomous robots used in domestic settings. We explore feedback received from stationary technology, e.g., a smartphone, and technology that is self-propelled, e.g., a semiautonomous robot. The paper has its theoretical foundation in the familiarity concept used as a contextual and analytical tool for unpacking feedback. The data analysis is done through thematic analysis. The findings are structured in: feedback received from a smartphone app technology, feedback received from the robot-mediated via an app; and motion as feedback received from the robot. Motion as feedback is discussed in terms of: (a) what type of emotions feedback triggers in theusers, and (b) making sense of the motion as positive, negative,homeostatic, archival and transition feedback. We argue that having familiarity in mind when designing new technologies, can make it easier for the user to know-how to engage with the technology. Our conclusion is that: a semi-autonomous robot technology can become more familiar to the user if it triggers positive feelings, if its motion is coherent, if its navigation is appropriate to the situation, and if its motion is not disturbing or interrupting the user; and lastly, familiarity needs to be considered when designing for a robot for the elderly.

• Schulz, Trenton Wade; Holthaus, Patrick; Amirabdollahian, Farshid; Koay, Kheng Lee; Tørresen, Jim & Herstad, Jo (2019). Differences of Human Perceptions of a Robot Moving using Linear or Slow in, Slow out Velocity Profiles When Performing a Cleaning Task. In Cabibihan, John-John; Anne, Williams Mary; Asokan, T & Behera, Laxmidhar (Ed.), 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781728126227. doi: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956355. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We investigated how a robot moving with different velocity profiles affects a person’s perception of it when working together on a task. The two profiles are the common linear profile and a profile based on the animation principles of slow in, slow out. The investigation was accomplished by running an experiment in a home context where people and the robot cooperated on a clean-up task. We used the Godspeed series of questionnaires to gather people’s perception of the robot. Average scores for each series appear not to be different enough to reject the null hypotheses, but looking at the component items provides paths to future areas of research. We also discuss the scenario for the experiment and how it may be used for future research into using animation techniques for moving robots and improving the legibility of a robot’s locomotion.

• Mørch, Anders Irving; Murad, Hani; Herstad, Jo; Seibt, Sjur & Kjelling, Morten Oveson (2019). Material Conditions of Collaborative Knowledge Construction: The Case of Monoplant. In Pargman, Teresa Cerratto & Jahnke, Isa (Ed.), Emergent Practices and Material Conditions in Learning and Teaching with Technologies. Springer. ISSN 9783030107642. p. 147–162. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-10764-2_9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Monoplant is a prototype of an educational construction kit that provides teachers and secondary school students with hands-on experience on plant biology. We present the design rationale of Monoplant and report on its 3-week deployment in a high school classroom. The students (N = 14) used Monoplant to solve a photosynthesis assignment requiring them to compare the growth of two plants (one exposed to natural light and another to artificial green light). We used a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data, with observation, video recording, and interaction analysis as the main methods. The students worked in groups, and we video-recorded the verbal and nonverbal interactions of one group (N = 4). The two plants and Monoplant’s visualizations of the plants’ growth, together with the textbook, were the resources that the students used when solving the assignment. These material conditions provided an explorative design space for students’ collaborative learning, and many hypotheses were raised during the hands-on activity with materials and representations. Furthermore, we suggest an emergent practice based on our findings, in which teachers, and not only students, need maker spaces for creating material conditions for students’ domain-specific collaborative knowledge construction.

• Schulz, Trenton Wade; Tørresen, Jim & Herstad, Jo (2019). Animation Techniques in Human-Robot Interaction User Studies: A Systematic Literature Review. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction. 8(2). doi: 10.1145/3317325. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  There are many different ways a robot can move in Human-Robot Interaction. One way is to use techniques from film animation to instruct the robot to move. This article is a systematic literature review of human-robot trials, pilots, and evaluations that have applied techniques from animation to move a robot. Through 27 articles, we find that animation techniques improves an individual’s interaction with robots, improving the individual’s perception of qualities of a robot, understanding what a robot intends to do, and showing the robot’s state or possible emotion. Animation techniques also help people relate to robots that do not resemble a human or robot. The studies in the articles show further areas for research, such as applying animation principles in other types of robots and situations, combining animation techniques with other modalities, and testing robots moving with animation techniques over the long term.

• Schulz, Trenton Wade; Herstad, Jo & Tørresen, Jim (2018). Classifying Human and Robot Movement at Home and Implementing Robot Movement Using the Slow In, Slow Out Animation Principle. International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems. 11(3&4), p. 234–244. doi: 10.1109/ro-man46459.2019.8956355. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We examine how robot movement can help human-robot interaction in the context of a robot helping people over 60-years old at home. Many people are not familiar with a robot moving in their home. We present four movement conditions to classify movement between a human and robot at home. Using phenomenology and familiarity, we recognize some of these conditions from other interactions people have with other moving things. Using techniques from animation in movies, we give to the robot a distinctive style that can make the robot’s movement more familiar and easier to understand. Further on, we examine animation and present how to implement the animation principle of slow in, slow out with a research robot that can control its speed. We close the paper with future work on how to use the classification system, how to build on the slow in, slow out principle implementation for animated robots, and an outline for a future experiment.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo & Pajalic, Zada (2018). Feedback from Digital Systems Used in Higher Education: An Inquiry into Triggered Emotions - Two Universal Design Oriented Solutions for a Better User Experience. In Craddock, Gerald; Doran, Cormac; McNutt, Larry & Rice, Dónal (Ed.), Transforming our World Through Design, Diversity and Education. IOS Press. ISSN 9781614999225. p. 421–430. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-923-2-421. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We illustrate in this paper some of the negative emotions experienced by students when interacting with digital systems in learning situations, where there is a lack of feedback, or the interaction with digital systems is faulty. The emotions are classified here as feelings of: neglection, frustration, uncertainty, need for confirmation, and discomfort. We proposed thereafter two solutions. The first solution focuses on the design of digital feedback from a system which should arouse positive emotions. We discuss this in relation to universal design principle 5, tolerance for error. The second solution we propose is to provide feedback mechanisms for user feedback (user input). This may be considered when the first solution is not possible.

• Schulz, Trenton Wade; Herstad, Jo & Holone, Harald (2018). Privacy at Home: An Inquiry into Sensors and Robots for the Stay at Home Elderly. In Zhou, Jia & Salvendy, Gavriel (Ed.), Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Applications in Health, Assistance, and Entertainment: 4th International Conference, ITAP 2018, Held as Part of HCI International 2018, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 15–20, 2018, Proceedings, Part II. Springer Nature. ISSN 9783319920368. p. 377–394. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92037-5_28. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The elderly in the future will use smart house technology, sensors, and robots to stay at home longer. Privacy at home for these elderly is important. In this exploratory paper, we examine different understandings of privacy and use Palen and Dourish’s framework to look at the negotiation of privacy along boundaries between a human at home, the robot, and its sensors. We select three dilemmas: turning sensors on and off, the robot seeing through walls, and machine learning. We discuss these dilemmas and also discuss ways the robot can help make the elderly more aware of privacy issues and to build trust.

• Saplacan, Diana & Herstad, Jo (2018). Fear, Feedback, Familiarity… How are These Connected? – Can familiarity as a design concept applied to digital feedback reduce fear? ThinkMind, Digital World 2018, ACHI 2018, The Eleventh International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. ThinkMind, Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) - German National Library of Science and Technology. ISSN 9781612086163. p. 171–179. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper is a reflective paper discussing fear, and the emotions associated with it, felt by the elderly while using modern technologies. The pattern of fear emerged from our initial research activities. The preliminary results presented here are part of the pre-study phase within the Multimodal Elderly Care Systems (MECS) project, which focuses on the design of a safety alarm robot for the elderly. Here, we explored various design issues that elderly encounter in their daily interaction with various modern technologies. One of the explored issues is digital feedback, the subject of this paper. The aim of our exploration was to look at what potential design implications that digital feedback may have on the elderly’s interactions with these technologies, such as triggering the feeling of fear when using them, and what we could learn from those when designing a robot safety alarm. Finally, we propose familiarity as a central design concept for designing feedback.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo; Elsrud, Marthe & Pajalic, Zada (2018). Reflections on using Story-Dialogue Method in a workshop with interaction design students. In Baricelli, Barbara Rita; Fischer, Gerard; Fogli, Daniela; Mørch, Anders; Piccinno, Antonio & Valtolina, Stefano (Ed.), Cultures of Participation in the Digital Age: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Cultures of Participation in the Digital Age: Design Trade-offs for an Inclusive Society co-located with the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI 2018). CEUR Workshop Proceedings. p. 34–43. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Various narrative methods have been used in Human-Computer Interaction field (HCI), such as digital storytelling, and co-construction of stories. In this position paper, we shed light on the Story-Dialogue Method (SDM) which has been borrowed from constructivism, feminism, critical pedagogy and critical sciences, but has not yet been explored in the HCI field. We have used this method in a workshop where interaction design students took part. The paper provides here reflections, recommendations, and some advantages of using this method with interaction design students.

• Schulz, Trenton Wade; Herstad, Jo & Tørresen, Jim (2018). Moving with Style: Classifying Human and Robot Movement at Home. In Gersbeck-Schierholz, Birgit; Wögerer, Christian & Schulz, Steffen Gerhard (Ed.), ACHI 2018, The Eleventh International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 9781612086163. p. 188–193. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A robot moving in the home is a new experience for most people. Classifying the different ways that humans and robots move together can help in designing interactions. In this paper, we first put robots’ movements into two categories: global—where a robot changes position in the home—or local—where a robot’s position does not change, but parts of it move. We also look at the idea of animation and how it can give a robot style. Building on these definitions, we present four movement conditions to classify movement between a human and robot at home. Using familiarity, we can recognize some of these conditions from other interactions we have. Using animation, we can give the robot a style that can make the robot’s movement more familiar and easier to understand. We close the paper with possible ways of using this classification system for future research.

• Soma, Rebekka & Herstad, Jo (2018). Turning Away rom an Anthropocentric View on Robotics. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. ISSN 0922-6389. 311, p. 53–62. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-931-7-53. Full text in Research Archive
• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo; Mørch, Anders Irving; Kluge, Anders & Pajalic, Zada (2018). Inclusion through design and use of digital learning environments: issues, methods and stories. In Bratteteig, Tone; Sandnes, Frode Eika & Berget, Gerd (Ed.), NordiCHI '18 - Proceedings of the 10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Oslo, Norway — September 29 - October 03, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9781450364379. p. 956–959. doi: 10.1145/3240167.3240264. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) from United Nations refers to the inclusion and quality of education. This implies providing equal access to all levels of education. While a lot of focus has been on inclusion and accessibility through universal design with a focus on disabilities, the aim of this workshop was to explore the role of inclusion for learners of all ages, shifting from a strong disability-oriented focus. We targeted in this workshop discussions around the design and use of Digital Learning Environments (DLE) with equal access and rights to participate. DLE are tools employed in educational institutions (from schools to higher education) for teaching and learning purposes, but also in workplaces, edutainment, and e-commerce. The participants had the chance to present different viewpoints on inclusion in education through issues, methods and stories obtained from design experiences and/or from empirical studies on use of DLE.

• Sandnes, Frode Eika; Herstad, Jo; Stangeland, Andrea Marie & Medola, Fausto Orsi (2017). UbiWheel: A simple context-Aware universal control concept for smart home appliances that encourages active living. In Elbaz, Didier; Grymes, Rosalind & Gao, Jerry (Ed.), 2017 IEEE SmartWorld - Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781538604342. p. 446–451. doi: 10.1109/uic-atc.2017.8397460. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Smart homes contain many useful appliances that can help individuals live independently for longer. A problem with current smart homes prototypes is that each device often has its own remote control or control unit. These control units are often manufactured by different suppliers with totally different and inconsistent user interfaces. This is confusing for most individuals and become a huge barrier for individuals with reduced cognitive function. This paper thus introduces a conceptual sketch of a universal and ubiquitous control wheel, termed UbiWheel that is designed to control most appliances in the home. The user simply moves the controller to the proximity of the device be controlled and adjust parameters by simply twisting the wheel, thereby preventing inactivity as the user need to move around the home. Several cases are explored herein.

• Schulz, Trenton Wade & Herstad, Jo (2017). Walking Away from the Robot: Negotiating Privacy with a Robot. In Hall, Lynn; Flint, Tom; O’Hara, Suzy & Turner, Phil (Ed.), Proceedings of the 31st International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI 2017). British Computer Society (BCS). ISSN 9781906124045. doi: 10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.83. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Privacy is often applied as an abstract concept in law and regulations. In everyday life, negotiating what information to share with whom, where, and at what times, and in what situations may be a challenge at home and in public space. We apply Palen and Dourish’s framework for understanding and discussing privacy to a setting of living with moving robots at home. We compare different ways sensors might be placed in a home environment, and what role proxemics, or motion technologies might have for the negotiation of privacy. By highlighting the role of the place and movement of the sensors, we discuss concrete privacy issues that are emerging with networked robot technologies at home. We hope to contribute new ways of thinking to users, designers, and analysts for creating and using mobile, networked technologies in domestic places.

• Saplacan, Diana & Herstad, Jo (2017). A Quadratic Anthropocentric Perspective on Feedback - Using Proxemics as a Framework. In Hall, Lynn; Flint, Tom; O’Hara, Suzy & Turner, Phil (Ed.), Proceedings of the 31st International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI 2017). British Computer Society (BCS). ISSN 9781906124045. doi: 10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.91. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper is a conceptual paper discussing feedback, from a quadratic anthropocentric perspective where the feedbacks’ source, e.g. the emitters, may be humans, non-digital technology, still- and in motion technologies. Here, both the source- and the receiver of feedback are co-present, i.e. share a physical space. Still technologies mean here non-autonomous digital technologies, i.e. technologies that do not move by themselves, whereas in-motion technologies are defined here as semiautonomous digital technologies. The aim of the paper is to gestate the concept of feedback, and to inform the Multimodal-Elderly-Care-System (MECS) project, on design of robots for the stay-at-home elderly. The purpose of the paper is to advance the discussions within the human-computer interaction (HCI) field, around the concept of feedback frameworked by spatiality – more exactly proxemics.

• Berget, Gerd; Herstad, Jo & Sandnes, Frode Eika (2016). Search, Read and Write: An Inquiry into Web Accessibility for People With Dyslexia. In Petrie, Helen; Darzentas, Jenny; Walsh, Tanja; Swallow, David; Sandoval, Leonardo; Lewis, Andrew & Power, Christopher (Ed.), Universal Design 2016: Learning from the past, designing for the future. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Universal Design (UD 2016), York, United Kingdom, August 21–24, 2016. IOS Press. ISSN 9781614996842. p. 450–460. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-684-2-450. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Description: Universal Design is the term used to describe the design of products and environments which can be used by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. It is not a euphemism for ‘designs for people with a disability’, but really is about designing to include all people, regardless of their age, ability, cultural background or status in life. However it remains the case that many designers and developers fail to understand the need for universal design and lack the skills needed to implement it. This book presents papers from the 3rd International Conference on Universal Design (UD 2016), held in York, UK, in August 2016. The theme of the conference was: learning from the past, designing for the future, and it aimed to bring together policymakers, practitioners and researchers interested in the different strands of universal design to exchange ideas and best practice, review some of the developments in universal design from the last 20 years, and formulate strategies for taking the concept of universal design forward into the future. The book is divided into two sections. Section 1: About Universal Design, and Section 2: Universal Design In Practice. The book will be of interest to all those whose work involves design, from the built environment and tangible products to communication, services and systems.

• Karlsen, Joakim; Stigberg, Susanne Koch & Herstad, Jo (2016). Probing Privacy in Practice: Privacy Regulation and Instant Sharing of Video in Social Media when Running. In Culén, Alma Leora; Miller, Leslie; Giannopulu, Irini & Gersbeck-Schierholz, Birgit (Ed.), ACHI 2016, The Ninth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. ThinkMind. ISSN 9781612084688. p. 29–36. Full text in Research Archive
• Manda, Tiwonge Davis & Herstad, Jo (2015). Enacting technology: Accounting for the interplay between mHealth solutions and existing paper-based data reporting practices. Information Technology and People. ISSN 0959-3845. 28(3), p. 442–465. doi: 10.1108/ITP-02-2014-0045. Full text in Research Archive
• Murad, Hani; Mørch, Anders Irving; Herstad, Jo; Seibt, Sjur & Kjelling, Morten Oveson (2015). Monoplant: Developing an Innovative CSCL Application for Teaching Photosynthesis Using Multiple Representations. In Lindwall, Oskar; Häkkinen, Päivi; Koschman, Timothy & Ludvigsen, Sten Runar (Ed.), Exploring the Material Conditions of Learning: Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) Conference 2015. International Society of the Learning Sciences (ISLS). ISSN 9780990355069. p. 817–818. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present Monoplant, a plant growth monitoring system, and its application for teaching and learning in biology at the high school level. In a 3-week design experiment, students used Monoplant to compare the growth of two plants and solve a photosynthesis assignment. We studied a small group of students’ verbal and non-verbal interactions during the inquiry and focused on the role of multiple representations and interactions with the plant.

• Culén, Alma Leora; Velden, Maja van der & Herstad, Jo (2014). Travel Experience Cards: Capturing User Experiences in Public Transportation. In Miller, Leslie & Culén, Alma Leora (Ed.), ACHI 2014, The Seventh International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. ThinkMind. ISSN 9781612083254. p. 72–78. Full text in Research Archive
• Stensæth, Karette; Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2014). PARTICIPATION: A combined perspective on the concept from the fields of informatics and music and health. Skriftserie fra Senter for forskning i musikk og helse (CREMAH). ISSN 1893-3580. 8(9), p. 157–186. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The point of departure for this article is the interdisciplinary research project RHYME (rhyme.no), which involves computing and musical components embedded in everyday objects, with the aim of improving the quality of life for children with special needs, their families and caretakers (Cappelen & Andersson, 2011). In RHYME, participation is apparent in many respects, including but not limited to the project’s political assignment, its theoretical foundation, and the practical implementation of user participation in the action research. The authors of this article are three researchers in the RHYME project—two represent the discipline of informatics and one represents music and health. Before we explore the phenomenon of participation within the RHYME project over the course of this chapter, the informatics researchers Herstad and Holone and the music and health researcher Stensæth will outline the concept of participation within their respective fields. We will however begin with a short presentation of RHYME. The last part of this article derives directly from empirical data generated through RHYME, and in the concluding discussion we will suggest future possibilities for exchange between informatics and the field of music and health. Because our fields seldom cooperate in research, we hope that our comments will be relevant to other interdisciplinary projects. We will specifically address the following research questions: How is participation described in the disciplines of informatics and music and health, and what does participation imply in the RHYME project? To proceed from a common ground of understanding, we will be guided by the following working questions: How does the focus on user participation in the RHYME prototype evaluations differ for informatics and health and music researchers? With regard to participation, what can the fields of music and health and informatics learn from one another?

• Chawani, Marlen Stacey; Kaasbøll, Jens; Finken, Sisse; Herstad, Jo & Malata, Address (2014). Balancing work practices and protocols in the design of EMR systems: The case of developing an EMR system for antenatal care services in Malawi. Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. 63(1), p. 1–26. doi: 10.1002/j.1681-4835.2014.tb00446.x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Implementing ICTs in healthcare settings has proved to be very challenging such that progress towards widespread adoption and use of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems has been slow. The challenges of implementing these technologies have been described as complex, diverse, and locally situated. One of the challenging aspects of designing EMR systems is the need for inscribing standardised protocols whilst taking into account local work practices. Previous research has called for the need to balance work practices and protocols in the design of EMR systems. We present an attempt to balance the work practices and protocols in the development of an EMR system for antenatal care in a developing country, Malawi. This was done through implementing weak inscriptions of the protocols in some cases and strong inscriptions in other cases. The study highlights the important role that clients play in healthcare work and thus, influence the design of EMR systems.

• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2013). Three tensions in participatory design for inclusion. In Baudisch, Patrick & Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (Ed.), CHI 2013: Changing perspectives: Conference proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9781450318990. p. 2903–2906. doi: 10.1145/2470654.2481401. Full text in Research Archive
• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2013). RHYME: Musicking for all. Journal of Assistive Technologies. ISSN 1754-9450. 7(2), p. 93–101. doi: 10.1108/17549451311328772. Full text in Research Archive
• Velden, Maja van der; Culén, Alma; Herstad, Jo & Abdelhakeem, Atif (2013). Networked Visibility: The case of smart card ticket information. In Miller, Leslie (Eds.), ACHI 2013, The Sixth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. IARIA. ISSN 9781612082509. p. 228–233. Full text in Research Archive
• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2012). RHYME: Musicking for All. In Miesenberger, Klaus; Karshmer, Arthur; Penaz, Petr & Zagler, Wolfgang (Ed.), Computers Helping People with Special Needs 13th International Conference, ICCHP 2012, Linz, Austria, July 11-13, 2012, Proceedings, Part I. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 9783642315213. p. 262–269. doi: 10.1108/17549451311328772. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo & Holone, Harald (2012). What we talk about when we talk about co-creative tangibles. In Halskov, Kim; Winschiers-Theophilus, Heike; Lee, Yanki; Simonsen, Jesper & Bødker, Keld (Ed.), (PDC '12) Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference: Exploratory Papers, Workshop Descriptions, Industry Cases - Volume 2. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9781450312967. p. 109–112. doi: 10.1145/2348144.2348179. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo & Holone, Harald (2012). Making sense of co-creative tangibles through the concept of familiarity. In Malmborg, Lone & Pederson, Thomas (Ed.), NordiCHI '12: Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design. ACM Publications. ISSN 9781450314824. p. 89–98. doi: 10.1145/2399016.2399031. Full text in Research Archive
• Culén, Alma; Engen, Bård Ketil; Gasparini, Andrea & Herstad, Jo (2011). The Use of iPad in Academic Setting: Ownership Issues inRelation to Technology (Non)Adoption. In Moreira, António; Loureiro, Maria José; Balula, Ana; Nogueira, Fernanda; Pombo, Lucia; Pedro, Luis & Almeida, Pedro (Ed.), Old Meets New: Media in Education – Proceedings of the 61st International Council for Educational Media and the XIII International Symposium on Computers in Education (ICEM&SIIE'2011) Joint Conference. ICEM. ISSN 9789727893478. p. 555–563. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper we discuss a pilot study involving the use of iPad for active reading in academic setting. This is part of the broader study of how introducing this new platform may transform the work and learning practices of students. The pilot was conducted in the context of master’s course in Geology at the University of Oslo, involving 40 students, instructor and three teaching assistants. The overall result of the pilot was that the platform did not get taken into use as expected. We hope that our experience with this pilot may be of use and interest for wider community. To collect data, we have used classroom observations, two surveys (one close to the beginning of the semester and one at the end), one workshop and three group interviews. In addition, three students and the course instructor have been interviewed individually. The data from interviews have been consolidated and mapped out into an affinity diagram. The resulting diagram shows clearly issues that need to be further addressed, as well as areas where changes in study related work practices might happen. While the usual variables for acceptence of technology such as perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are found to be important, our findings show that the issue of ownership was the most interesting one. Deeper exploration of this issue and its effects on adoption of this new technology specifically for study purposes is the main contribution this study offers. Old Meets New: Media in Education – Proceedings of the 61st International Council for Educational Media and the XIII International Symposium on Computers in Education (ICEM&SIIE'2011) Joint Conference.

• Søyland, Andreas & Herstad, Jo (2011). A tale of two trajectories: bottom-up social software adoption in differing organisational contexts. International Journal of Internet and Enterprise Management. ISSN 1476-1300. 7(3), p. 305–321. doi: 10.1504/IJIEM.2011.044207. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The inherent bottom-up nature of social software diffusion differs markedly from the adoption trajectories to which most organisational IT strategies are accustomed. Through case studies in two organisations, this paper presents insights into how adoption of emergent social software platforms may take form, and discusses the implications of two radically different approaches to manage these processes. Our findings suggest that organisations may need to cede control over parts of the IT innovation adoption process to benefit from grassroots initiatives, and rather standardise successful innovations on an ongoing basis to avoid detrimental fragmentation of media usage across organisational boundaries.

• Ngoma, Caroline Abdul; Galimoto, Marlen Stacey & Herstad, Jo (2011). Adaptation of Mobile application to Improve Communication of Birth Information from the Community to the District Level. In Popescu-Zeletin, Radu; Rai, Idris; Jonas, Karl & Villafiorita, Adolfo (Ed.), E-Infrastuctures and E-Services for Developing Countries. Springer. ISSN 9783642238284. p. 79–92. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-23828-4_8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents current practices used by village health workers,traditional birth attendants, health facility workers and district health managers in collection, recording, storing and transferring birth information in the health information system. Envisioned potentials of using mobile application as a tool for data recording, transferring and strengthening the weak support structure have been foreseen to bring improvements in the flow of birth information in the Health Information System.

• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2010). Negotiating Privacy Boundaries in Social Applications for Accessibility Mapping. In Hvannberg, Ebba Þóra; Lárusdóttir, Marta Kristín; Blandford, Ann & Gulliksen, Jan (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries. ACM Publications. ISSN 9781605589343. Full text in Research Archive
• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2010). Transient Cooperation in Social Applications for Accessibility Mapping. In Miesenberger, Klaus; Klaus, Joachim; Zagler, Wolfgang & Karshmer, Arthur (Ed.), Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Part I. Springer. ISSN 9783642140969. Full text in Research Archive
• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2010). Social software for accessibility mapping: challenges and opportunities. In Sandnes, Frode Eika; Lunde, Magne; Tollefsen, Morten; Hauge, Aud Marie; Øverby, Erlend & Bryn, Rudolph (Ed.), Proceedings of Unitech 2010 - International Conference on Universal Technologies. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 9788251925464. Full text in Research Archive
• Manda, Tiwonge Davis & Herstad, Jo (2009). Implementing Mobile Phone Solutions for Health in Resource Constrained Areas: Understanding the Opportunities and Challenges. In Villafiorita, Adolfo; Saint-Paul, Regis & Zorer, Alessandro (Ed.), E-Infrastructures and E-Services on Developing Countries First International ICST Conference, AFRICOM 2009, Maputo, Mozambique, December 3-4, 2009. Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 9783642127014. Full text in Research Archive
• Kasbo, Jarle Petter; Gallis, Hans Enger & Herstad, Jo (2002). Walking away from the PDA, KNOWMOBILE - Knowledge access in distributed training. Mobile opportunities for medical students. Intermedia report 5. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Rahlff, O. W.; Rolfsen, R. K. & Herstad, Jo (1999). The role of wearables in social navigation. In Munro, A. J.; Hook, K & Benyon, B (Ed.), Social navigation of information space. Springer London. ISSN 9781852330903. p. 217–236. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Wearable computers are worn on the body and mostly hands-free computer systems. These new devices will facilitate new ways of supporting collaboration and social navigation in what we call wearable-supported collaborative work (WSCW). WSCW systems make it possible to remain closely in touch with the work while still accessing shared information resources and collaborating with others in the physical space augmented with information. Such systems are contrasted to the PC based CSCW systems where the windowed interface is the main interaction channel. We discuss modes of usage, implications for communication, and illustrate this with scenarios from our work with tourist applications and police bike officers fieldwork. Finally some interesting areas for future WSCW research are given, and we outline some useful design components.

• Kristoffersen, Steinar; Herstad, Jo; Ljungberg, Fredrik; Løbersli, Frode; Sandbakken, Jan Roger & Thoresen, Kari (1998). Developing scenarios for Mobile CSCW. Ukjent. p. 34–47. Full text in Research Archive

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• Tollefsen, Morten; Brynn, Rudolph; Herstad, Jo; Holone, Harald; Lunde, Magne & Sandnes, Frode Eika [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Web og universell utforming. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215017549. 158 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Carcani, Klaudia; Herstad, Jo & Holone, Harald (2019). Making activities visible: a way to patient empowerment. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Patient empowerment is a concept that has found an extensive discussion in health care. It is of significant interest, especially now when the number of people living with chronic diseases has increased. However, there is a stigma associated with being a patient, and contributing to empowerment becomes more challenging. In this paper, we present an empirical study of the cognitive rehabilitation process. We root the case analysis in Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) research field and further reflect on patient empowerment concept. Through our reflections, we contribute to the discussion of patient empowerment by highlighting some of the work structures that need to be in place in healthcare to make possible patient empowerment. Moreover, we contribute back to CSCW through a situated discourse of concepts in the context of rehabilitation care model. Rendering publicly visible the activities and facilitating the overseeing of events and activities, both in the level of the overall treatment as well as the micro-interactions among health care professionals and patients, are found relevant in building awareness among parts and leading to empowerment.

• Herstad, Jo (2018). RETROSPECTIVE PANEL, CELEBRATING 20 YEARS OF MOBILE HCI. Full text in Research Archive
• Soma, Rebekka & Herstad, Jo (2018). Turning away from an anthropocentric view on robotics. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The field of artificial intelligence and robotics has long adapted an anthropocentric view, putting the intelligence structures of humans as the guiding requirements for developing artificial intelligence. Using Jakob von Uexküll’s theory of Umwelt and subjectivity, this paper aims to explain why we need to turn away from the anthropocentric view on robots.

• Saplacan, Diana; Schulz, Trenton Wade & Herstad, Jo (2017). MECS Status Report - An explorative instrumental study about having a vacuum cleaner robot in home – learnings more about a safety alarm robot for the elderly. Full text in Research Archive
• Saplacan, Diana & Herstad, Jo (2017). A Quadratic Anthropocentric Perspective on Feedback – Using Proxemics as a Framework. Full text in Research Archive
• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2013). Three tensions in participatory design for inclusion. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo & Holone, Harald (2012). Making sense of co-creative tangibles through the concept of familiarity. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo & Holone, Harald (2012). Interaction with pillows. Full text in Research Archive
• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2012). RHYME: Musicking for All. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo & Holone, Harald (2012). What we talk about when we talk about co-creative tangibles. Full text in Research Archive
• Abotnes, Anne Line; Cappelen, Birgitta; Herstad, Jo; Stensæth, Karette & Andersson, Anders-Petter (2011). RHYME skaper syngende møbler for bedre helse. [Radio]. NRK Kulturnytt. Full text in Research Archive
• Culén, Alma; Engen, Bård Ketil; Gasparini, Andrea & Herstad, Jo (2011). The Use of iPad in Academic Setting: Ownership Issues inRelation to Technology (Non)Adoption. Full text in Research Archive
• Aas, Geir; Cappelen, Birgitta & Herstad, Jo (2011). Syngende møbler skal bedre livskvalitet. [Internet]. forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Ngoma, Caroline Abdul; Galimoto, Marlen Stacey & Herstad, Jo (2010). Adaptation of Mobile application to Improve Communication of Birth Information from the Community to the District Level. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents current practices used by village health workers,traditional birth attendants, health facility workers and district health managers in collection, recording, storing and transferring birth information in the health information system. Envisioned potentials of using mobile application as a tool for data recording, transferring and strengthening the weak support structure have been foreseen to bring improvements in the flow of birth information in the Health Information System.

• Culén, Alma Leora; Herstad, Jo & Karahasanovic, Amela (2010). Collocated Collaborative Writing for Children. Full text in Research Archive
• Nielsen, Petter & Herstad, Jo (2004). Providing premium SMS services for mobile phones: Usability based on networks of user - developer relationships. Full text in Research Archive
• Stuedahl, Dagny; Herstad, Jo & Do, Van Thanh (2002). Non user centered design of personal mobile technologies. Full text in Research Archive
• Kasbo, Jarle Petter; Gallis, Hans Enger & Herstad, Jo (2001). Designing for a Multidevice Environment - A Descriptive Case. Full text in Research Archive
• Gallis, Hans Enger; Kasbo, Jarle Petter & Herstad, Jo (2001). The Multidevice Paradigm in Knowmobile - Does one size fit all? Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo; Stuedahl, Dagny & Thanh, Do van (2000). Non-user centered design of personal mobile technologies. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo; Rolfsen, R. K. & Rahlff, O. W. (2000). Using personal traces in context space - towards concsiousness technology. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo & Thanh, Do van (2000). Always connected bike police officers. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo & Thanh, Do van (2000). E-Commerce on Cellular Phones. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo; Stuedahl, Dagny & Thanh, Do van (2000). Non-user centered design of personal mobile technologies. Full text in Research Archive
• Rolland, Knut-Helge Ronæs & Herstad, Jo (2000). The Critical Case in Information Systems Research. Full text in Research Archive
• Herstad, Jo; Thanh, Do van & Audestad, Jan Arild (1999). Mobile communication and interaction in context. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Current mobile communication solutions leave out information about the context in which the communication takes place. Context is, however, a key factor for the success of interpersonal communication. The contextual communication system described in this paper enhances existing mobile multimedia communication systems by introducing a feedback loop to convey contextual information. This information can be used either by the communication system or the addressee to select the most appropriate communication media, or to adjust and optimize the interaction mechanisms. Our claim is that to make useful, functional and powerful new tools for supporting human-human communication and interaction at a distance, the context has to be considered in the design of communication and information solutions.

• Thanh, Do van; Nilsen, B. & Herstad, Jo (1999). Unifying real time communication services over Intranet. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, J. O. & Herstad, Jo (1999). Herstad, J. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The ongoing convergence between the telecommunications industry and the information technology industry leads to new products and services for the end-user. Products based on Wireless Application Protocol (WAP ) technology bring the world of Internet into our pockets, where the services provided may be wireless and accessed from anywhere. There are high expectations to these new services provided by products like the next generation of mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), handheld computers and so on. The leading telecom industries expect services like banking transactions and mobile electronic commerce (e-commerce) to be widely used by the adopters. Based on our empirical research, we claim that system developers of such mobile services who do not realize that there is a major fundamental difference between stationary computing services and mobile computing services will see the whole concept of mobile e-commerce challenged. Designing services and applications to be used with mobile devices requires a new way of thinking. In this article we elucidate one aspect we believe to be important, namely attention. We have observed that existing mobile devices demand too much attention from the user, actually more attention than the user is willing to give.

• Herstad, Jo & Thanh, Do van (1999). Wearing bike components. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper addresses the requirement to support component mobility. Field studies of bike messenger operations in Oslo and New York City has been conducted to inform design. We have investigated how component mobility is critical for enabling tailoring of personal mobility in general, and on-body off-body mobility specifically. We suggest that taking mobility seriously may not only contribute to our understanding of current support for mobility, but also raise more general issues concerning requirements and design of mobile technologies. Instead of building a terminal by integrating several terminals into one, our approach suggest, first, a dissolution of the current terminals into pieces called "basic components", and then reassemble the selected basic components to form a customized terminal.

• Thanh, Do van; Nilsen, B. & Herstad, Jo (1999). Fixed-mobile integration of communication services over Intranet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents the XoIP system which integrates all the real time communications services such as voice communication, data communication and multimedia communication services delivered on fixed or mobile terminals over the corporate Intranet. The goal of the real time communication services is indeed to reach to the user not a terminal. In the XoIP system the calls are addressed to the users and will be delivered at the terminal, which is currently in the disposition the user. The XoIP system also allows the use cellular phones in company areas through the company Intranet and eliminates the need for cordless telephones. The XoIP system merges together several technologies such as POTS, GSM and IP. First, the paper presents the XoIP system architecture. Then, the main motivation of the system, namely focus on the user, is explained carefully with some communication scenarios. The implementation and configuration of the system are also discussed. The paper concludes with a summary of the benefits brought by the XoIP system.

• Herstad, Jo & Thanh, Do van (1999). Tailor to fit it. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper is a result of research activities within wearable communications carried out at the Ericsson Norway Applied research center in collaboration with the University of Oslo. The research activities are based on the conviction that the user and usability should be in focus. The research is grounded on a field study conducted to investigate a highly mobile activity, namely bike messenger services in Oslo and New York City. Findings from this field study are the motivation behind the component-based terminal presented in this paper. Instead of building a terminal by integrating several terminals into "one", our approach suggests, first, a dissolution of the current terminals into pieces called "basic components", and then reassemble the selected "basic components" to form a customized terminal.

• Herstad, Jo (1999). Trådløse nett, pico nett og ad-hoc net. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Trådløse nett, ad-hoc nett, snorløse nett, scatter nett, Bluetooth, pico nett. Det er mange begreper som betegner ulike teknologier og arkitekturer. De ulike begrepene vil bli presentert i foredraget. Hva er betingelsene for at trådløse nett skal kunne tas i bruk innenfor helsetjenesten? Hva er de teknologiske betingelsene for at slike, små, lokale trådløse nett kan lages? I presentasjonen vil det bli gjort en gjennomgang av konkrete anvendelsesområder. Disse anvendelsesområdene vil bli gjennomgått for å kaste lys over hva små, trådløse nett er - og hvilke muligheter og begrensninger de har i forhold til bruk av slike nett. De fremtidige utfordringene som ligger i standardisering av trådløse nett vil også bli belyst. Spesielt vil Bluetooth standarden bli gjennomgått som et eksempel på en ny standard som det er store forventninger til.

• Niman, B.v; Thanh, Do van; Herstad, Jo & Hüttenrauch, H. (1999). Transparent communication appliances. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Technology is developing quickly- humans mostly need longer to adopt. In order to stay successful in a communication intensive end-user market, we must make the users insiders of the New Telecoms World. In the early days of telephony, users had access to an integrated, voice activated intelligent communication system that could often make use of up-to-date knowledge of the location of the intended user, offering personal service (ETSI 1999). This is assumed to have contributed to the tremendous success of basic telephony. Technical development due to the growing number of subscribers and interconnecting networks has considerably increased the level of complexity from the end user point of view, from addressing to services and terminals. Now, more than 100 years later, walking along the migration path towards the new telecoms world, we have the chance of re-introducing communication on the terms of the user. Mobility was a first step. It took 125 years to obtain one billion wireline telephone subscribers; mobile telephony will need 25 years and the web 10 years. During evolution towards the wireless information society, some of today's distinctions between technologies will disappear. Telecommunication is merging with datacom, intersecting with mobility and internet technology, creating the New Telecoms World (Nilsson 1999). By assigning the user a central role in the new telecoms world, powerful transparent tools can be created on the first-generation truly mobile internet.

• Rahlff, O. W.; Rolfsen, R. K.; Herstad, Jo & Thanh, Do van (1999). Expectations of teleconversations. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Communication is a vital and intrinsic ability of all organisms. Natural human face-to-face conversation is an interaction form that has taken mankind millions of years to master. More and more conversations are now being mediated through electronic means, phones, videophones, and computers. They are changed into what we call teleconversations. Here the very fabric of the natural conversation is stretched, in many respects enhanced, but unfortunately quite often torn as well, giving rise to various new forms of misunderstandings, startling surprises, and broken expectations. This might happen when a message or event suddenly breaks the expected context that one of the participants has modelled mentally. An example of this is when the expectation of the other part's physical location is suddenly adjusted, e.g. when somebody you believe are calling you from another country suddenly smilingly steps right into your living room wearing a cellular phone and a headset. This paper starts by summing up an analysis of the structure and functions of communication, both natural and tele-mediated, into a simplified model. At the end some mechanisms for mediating context in teleconversations are suggested.

• Herstad, Jo; Thanh, Do van & Niman, B.v (1999). Tailor to fit. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper is a result of research activities within wearable communications carried out at the Ericsson Applied research center in collaboration with the University of Oslo. The research activities are based on the conviction that the user and usability should be in focus. The research is grounded on a field study conducted to investigate a highly mobile activity, namely bike messenger services in Oslo and New York City. Findings from this field study are the motivation behind the component-based terminal presented in this paper. Instead of building a terminal by integrating several terminals into "one", our approach suggests first a dissolution of the current terminals into pieces called "basic components", and then reassembly of the selected "basic components" to form a customized terminal. This paper starts with the presentation of a field study of bike messenger services. Next, the concept of the component-based terminal is described. Indeed such a terminal can be tailored to fit the user and hence becomes "transparent" to him.

• Herstad, Jo; Thanh, Do van & Audestad, Jan Arild (1999). Human centered mobile communication using contextual information. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  With the introduction of mobile communicatio technology, users of telecommunication services are able to move freely around while engaged in communication over distance. This is introducing the users of mobile telecommunication services to varying contexts. Based on findings from field studies of highly mobile, and highly communication intensive activities, a contextual communication model is described. This model is enabling selection of communication media, and the selection of interaction modality based on the contextual information of the users.

• Herstad, Jo; Storsten, M.; Thanh, Do van & Gustavsson, N. E. (1999). Mobile and contextual intranetworking with users - fast and facile feedback. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  An iterative design approach based on contextual feedback from users of a mobile communication and information system is described. The resources allotted to providing mechanisms for early feedback from users turned out to be well spent. Some positive and unforeseen effects were found in this study of how the feedback system was actually used - and developed. With the proliferation of the Internet and mobile communication devices, user feedback by electronic means will become an established practice.

• Herstad, Jo; Thanh, Do van & Niman, B.v (1999). Natural communication and mobile communication in context. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A comparison of natural communication, fixed telecommunication and mobile telecommunication is outlined in this report. The comparison is informed from field studies, where natural, fixed and mobile communication is studied in context. Our believe is that by investigating and understanding the use of different types of traditional and new communication media, we are better suited to develop improved telecommunication services.

• Herstad, Jo (1997). Now 569 Smart Features on Your PBX, Increasing Usability through Computer Telephony Integration. Full text in Research Archive
• Maartmann-Moe, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2019). “These things take time” Unhurried explorations and independent prototypes In participatory design with older adults. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The motivation for this thesis is twofold: to explore if and how older adults can participate in design of digital technology, and utilize my interest in designing and making digital and physical technologies. These interests motivated my two research questions: 1. How can one facilitate older adults’ participation in the design of digital technology? 2. In what way can independent prototypes play a role in supporting older adults’ participation in the design of digital technology? In order to answer these research questions, I have carried out a Participatory Design (PD) process with older adults. This is, therefore, an empirical thesis. I have spent 160 hours in the field with a total of 34 participants in 81 activities over the course of 11 months. I have also spent countless hours on programming, soldering, and giving physical form to props, prototypes, and independent prototypes that participants have used in extended periods. My PD process was guided by the three general PD principles: to make sure that the participants have a say, emphasize mutual learning so that they get the design decision competence needed to make design decisions, and engage them in co-construction so that they experience the malleability and rigidity of the technology themselves. Based on my experiences, I propose three new principles, particularly for achieving genuine participation by older adults: 1. Prioritize the decisions made by the participants. This includes decisions in defining choices at all levels of detail and importance. 2. Give the participants concrete personal experiences with technology relevant to the design process as well as with the designs created in their process. 3. Organize the process with care for how the participants prefer working, including their tempo and their pace of learning. In my analysis of the PD process, I emphasize four themes: respect, experience, decisions, and things take time, that are elaborated in the thesis. I operationalize the notion of genuine participation by arguing that the participants need to have design decision competence. They need to be able to: A) See design possibilities in a situation and suggest their own design ideas. B) Make informed decisions on which design move to make. C) Take part in concretizing and co-construction of choices, evaluate different options. D) Evaluate a design move, understand the consequence of a choice. Providing experience with independent prototypes is crucial for developing design decision competence. I define an independent prototype as a prototype that enables exploration by the users over time in their preferred context and on their own terms without the researcher/designer by their side, but still has a form, which is unfinished and signals space for further design choices. In the thesis, I have demonstrated that independent prototypes play a crucial role in experiencing technology, and that experience is an effective way to learn about technology and design for non-designers. Independent prototypes enable the participants to learn in their own home and develop their own opinions. The wording of the thesis title “unhurried explorations” refers to this. My thesis demonstrates that it is possible for older adults to participate in design of digital technology even for a seemingly closed and finished product like the mobile phone. The thesis has shown that older adults can imagine and evaluate alternative phone technologies and that designers (i.e., I) can be challenged to open up seemingly finished technologies and rethink their design.

• Nawaz, Fahd BM. & Herstad, Jo (2018). Human Autonomy? A case study of autonomous vacuum cleaners to explore technology use among the elderly. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Fuglerud, Kristin Skeide; Skogerbø, Eli; Herstad, Jo & Hellman, Riitta (2014). Inclusive design of ICT: The challenge of diversity. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are currently an integrated part of society. Being able to take part in the information society is a prerequisite for fully being able to take part in society. The goal of “Universal design”, “design for all” and similar approaches, collectively referred to as inclusive design approaches (IDAs) in this thesis, is the development of products and services that are accessible and easy to use for as many people as possible, including people with disabilities and the elderly. Aim: The aim of this work has been to study the challenges related to the inclusive design of ICTs, and in particular, the challenges related to design for diversity. Secondly, it has been to explore two seemingly opposing objectives in inclusive design; namely, the need for flexibility on the one hand, and the need for simplicity on the other hand. A third aim has been to study the practise of inclusive design in light of the knowledge from previous work within user-centred and participatory design. Method: This work is based upon qualitative research from seven research projects on the universal design of ICT. The methods used in these projects have been focus groups, observation and interviews, personas and technical-accessibility testing. More than 150 participants with a wide range of capabilities have been involved in these research projects. Contributions: This work has resulted in the following contributions: 1) Based upon examination of the current empirical material and previous and related research, the important elements of inclusive design were identified and discussed. 2) The need for flexibility of inclusively designed ICT solutions is investigated. Several types of flexibility in the empirical research material at hand were examined. Although some types of flexibility may be necessary in inclusive design, it is found that this flexibility might easily lead to complexity. Complexity will in turn be in conflict with the creation of ICT solutions that are simple and easy to use, which is another requirement of inclusive design. Five strategies to reduce the overall complexity of ICT solutions are therefore proposed. 3) A deepened understanding of inclusive design is sought by analysing, comparing and contrasting the various experiences from inclusive design in this research with knowledge from user-centred and participatory design. While it is found that a focus on user involvement is at least as important in inclusive design as in previous approaches, it is underscored that it is necessary to rethink and to be clear about the reasons and purpose behind the user involvement. The focus should be on involving users in inclusive design because it fosters innovation and mutual learning, it increases the motivation of the development team and because participants can offer important aid in prioritising activities during the design process. Based on this research, some advice with regard to selecting users and the application of methods in an inclusive design context is given. Conclusions and future work: This research has summarised important elements of inclusive design and deepened our understanding of the challenge of diversity when designing for everybody. It has contributed with some measures to meet these challenges, and pointed out a number of open questions and areas for further work.  

• Holone, Harald & Herstad, Jo (2011). Transient Cooperation in Mobile Information Systems : Accessibility mapping by sharing traces of activity. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this thesis I present a study of a route planning system within the field of Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW), based on a case within the Accessibility field. A route planner client running on mobile phones has been developed and tested in a close to real world setting. Users provide feedback about accessibility along routes suggested by the route planner, and this influences the route planning algorithm running on a server, providing improved routes over time. From a CSCW perspective, the work focuses on the individual users’ perspective, and how they interact with the system, how they make their decisions, and their reflections on own activities. I take an interpretative approach to describe and understand user rationales for action, and the negotiation of meaning of the traces left behind from use. The case is that of wheelchair users navigating built and urban environments. The thesis includes work describing existing practices for planning and undertaking such trips, as well as potential consequences of introducing new technology to an already challenging task. The project is based on the OurWay concept of accessibility mapping, where users get a central role in providing the accessibility information based on which the route planning is performed. This contrasts with the established top-down approach to collection and use of this type of information. The main theoretical contribution of this thesis is the development of a theory of Transient Cooperation. To do this, I build on the concepts of groups, cooperation, and negotiation. First, I review these concepts and how they are applied within the CSCW and Accessibility literature, before I discuss how the same concepts apply to observed use of the OurWay prototype. Further, I promote the extension of the term cooperation to include ad-hoc and implicit forms of co-activity, and argue that this perspective has applications not only in the specific case of accessibility mapping, it can also be applied to other aspects of systems involving user generated content. Negotiation, in particular, is central to the discussion of Transient Cooperation. Relationships between individuals, groups, technology, information, and the meaning of action is continuously negotiated by the users. Generalization of the concept of Transient Cooperation is discussed, and practical implications following this idea are presented, both specifically in the case of accessibility mapping, and in the more general case of cooperation through the use of (mobile) ICT. The aim of proposing the theory of Transient Cooperation is to present ideas to inform design, deployment and situated use of ICT, particularly in the mobile ICT and social web era, and generally to the use of ICT in cooperation between individuals.

• Gallis, Hans Enger; Kasbo, Jarle Petter & Herstad, Jo (2002). Walking away from the PDA : A contextual study of medical students' use of mobile terminals and services in relation to their clinical practice. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This thesis presents our study of medical students in their clinical practice and their use of mobile terminals, serving as information resources, in relation to the Knowmobile project. The main objective is to shed light upon conditions for the possibility for use of mobile terminals, serving as an information resource, in contexts related to the clinical practice. By focusing on this objective, we hope to give a contribution to the area of mobile informatics. The empirical work consists of interviews of medical students and contextual inquiries in the clinical contexts, hospital and general practitioner’s office, and the context of travelling by train. Our empirical work has been supplied by other reports written by master students, researchers and the users in the Knowmobile project. As a tool for reaching our goal, we developed a prototype of an e-book based on the findings from the interviews. The main intents of the prototype were to provide an additional service to the medical students, and that the use of this prototype could illuminate use of mobile terminals as an information resource in general. We carried through the contextual inquiries with the prototype and note taking by means of the mobile terminal in focus. Our discussion is based on literature studies and the findings from the contextual inquiries. The literature studies have ranged from core technical articles and reports about mobile technology, through mobile IT use and information infrastructures, to science of artifacts. We believe that this wide scope of literature has given us a good insight in order to accomplish the goal of our thesis. The title of this thesis reflects our most distinct discovery: We observed a very limited use of the mobile terminal in the medical students’ clinical contexts. We observed that they prefered to use other resources instead, and often left the mobile terminal at home or in the cloak room at the practice location. When moving away from the clinical contexts and the clinical tasks, the use increased. Through a cross-case analysis of our empirical data and discussion, we state that several aspects affect the use, or more correctly: the non-use of the mobile terminal. We state that the use is dependent upon the characteristics and resources of the mobile terminal as well as the other information resources available in the context. In addition, we believe that because the use of the mobile terminal was not perceived as a part of the community of practice, the medical students did not find the mobile terminal useful in their clinical practice.

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