Taral Lunavat

1) Intratumoral delivery of 4-1BBL boosts IL-12-triggered anti-glioma immunity. Lunavat TR, Nieland L, van de Looij SM, de Reus AJEM, Couturier CP, El Farran CA, Miller TE, Lill JK, Schübel M, Xiao T, Di Ianni E, Woods EC, Sun Y, Rufino-Ramos D, van Solinge TS, Mahjoum S, Grandell E, Li M, Mangena V, Dunn GP, Jenkins RW, Mempel TR, Breakefield XO, Breyne K.Mol Ther. 2025 Aug 20:S1525-0016(25)00658-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.08.028. Online ahead of print.PMID: 40842154 

2) Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metastasis-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Labeling. Feginn Berle B, Juliussen S, Castilho Á, Solel E, Sdik Saed H, Vanderpoorten O, Lunavat TR, Thorsen F, Rigg E.Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Jun 13;20:7501-7514. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S520791. eCollection 2025.PMID: 40535836

3) Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon-Perez JM, Fu QL, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Kruh-Garcia NA, Ku'ulei-Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens-Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter-Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ; MISEV Consortium; Théry C, Witwer KW.J Extracell Vesicles. 2024 Feb;13(2):e12404. doi: 10.1002/jev2.12404.PMID: 38326288 

4) Roles of extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: foes, friends and informers. Lunavat TR, Nieland L, Vrijmoet AB, Zargani-Piccardi A, Samaha Y, Breyne K, Breakefield XO.Front Oncol. 2023 Nov 24;13:1291177. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1291177. eCollection 2023.PMID: 38074665

5) Inhibition of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-146a-5p decreases progression of melanoma brain metastasis via Notch pathway dysregulation in astrocytes. Rigg E, Wang J, Xue Z, Lunavat TR, Liu G, Hoang T, Parajuli H, Han M, Bjerkvig R, Nazarov PV, Nicot N, Kreis S, Margue C, Nomigni MT, Utikal J, Miletic H, Sundstrøm T, Ystaas LAR, Li X, Thorsen F.J Extracell Vesicles. 2023 Oct;12(10):e12363. doi: 10.1002/jev2.12363.PMID: 37759347 

6) GAP43-dependent mitochondria transfer from astrocytes enhances glioblastoma tumorigenicity. Watson DC, Bayik D, Storevik S, Moreino SS, Sprowls SA, Han J, Augustsson MT, Lauko A, Sravya P, Røsland GV, Troike K, Tronstad KJ, Wang S, Sarnow K, Kay K, Lunavat TR, Silver DJ, Dayal S, Joseph JV, Mulkearns-Hubert E, Ystaas LAR, Deshpande G, Guyon J, Zhou Y, Magaut CR, Seder J, Neises L, Williford SE, Meiser J, Scott AJ, Sajjakulnukit P, Mears JA, Bjerkvig R, Chakraborty A, Daubon T, Cheng F, Lyssiotis CA, Wahl DR, Hjelmeland AB, Hossain JA, Miletic H, Lathia JD.Nat Cancer. 2023 May;4(5):648-664. doi: 10.1038/s43018-023-00556-5. Epub 2023 May 11.PMID: 37169842 

7) Editorial: The role of extracellular vesicles in diseases: Shedding light on their role in cell-to-cell communication. Repiska G, Crescitelli R, Lunavat TR, Soekmadji C, Cho WC.Front Genet. 2023 Jan 24;14:1123822. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1123822. eCollection 2023.PMID: 3676099

8) The Potentials and Pitfalls of Using Adult Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment. Das MK, Lunavat TR, Miletic H, Hossain JA.Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1326:139-157. doi: 10.1007/5584_2021_619.PMID: 33615422 

9) Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. Théry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R, Antoniou A, Arab T, Archer F, Atkin-Smith GK, Ayre DC, Bach JM, Bachurski D, Baharvand H, Balaj L, Baldacchino S, Bauer NN, Baxter AA, Bebawy M, Beckham C, Bedina Zavec A, Benmoussa A, Berardi AC, Bergese P, Bielska E, Blenkiron C, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Boilard E, Boireau W, Bongiovanni A, Borràs FE, Bosch S, Boulanger CM, Breakefield X, Breglio AM, Brennan MÁ, Brigstock DR, Brisson A, Broekman ML, Bromberg JF, Bryl-Górecka P, Buch S, Buck AH, Burger D, Busatto S, Buschmann D, Bussolati B, Buzás EI, Byrd JB, Camussi G, Carter DR, Caruso S, Chamley LW, Chang YT, Chen C, Chen S, Cheng L, Chin AR, Clayton A, Clerici SP, Cocks A, Cocucci E, Coffey RJ, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Couch Y, Coumans FA, Coyle B, Crescitelli R, Criado MF, D'Souza-Schorey C, Das S, Datta Chaudhuri A, de Candia P, De Santana EF, De Wever O, Del Portillo HA, Demaret T, Deville S, Devitt A, Dhondt B, Di Vizio D, Dieterich LC, Dolo V, Dominguez Rubio AP, Dominici M, Dourado MR, Driedonks TA, Duarte FV, Duncan HM, Eichenberger RM, Ekström K, El Andaloussi S, Elie-Caille C, Erdbrügger U, Falcón-Pérez JM, Fatima F, Fish JE, Flores-Bellver M, Försönit…See abstract for full author list ➔J Extracell Vesicles. 2018 Nov 23;7(1):1535750. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750. eCollection 2018.PMID: 30637094 

10) Pediatric brain tumor cells release exosomes with a miRNA repertoire that differs from exosomes secreted by normal cells. Tűzesi Á, Kling T, Wenger A, Lunavat TR, Jang SC, Rydenhag B, Lötvall J, Pollard SM, Danielsson A, Carén H.Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 6;8(52):90164-90175. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.21621. eCollection 2017 Oct 27.PMID: 29163818

11) A novel community driven software for functional enrichment analysis of extracellular vesicles data. Pathan M, Keerthikumar S, Chisanga D, Alessandro R, Ang CS, Askenase P, Batagov AO, Benito-Martin A, Camussi G, Clayton A, Collino F, Di Vizio D, Falcon-Perez JM, Fonseca P, Fonseka P, Fontana S, Gho YS, Hendrix A, Hoen EN, Iraci N, Kastaniegaard K, Kislinger T, Kowal J, Kurochkin IV, Leonardi T, Liang Y, Llorente A, Lunavat TR, Maji S, Monteleone F, Øverbye A, Panaretakis T, Patel T, Peinado H, Pluchino S, Principe S, Ronquist G, Royo F, Sahoo S, Spinelli C, Stensballe A, Théry C, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben M, Welton JL, Zhao K, Mathivanan S.J Extracell Vesicles. 2017 May 26;6(1):1321455. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1321455. eCollection 2017.PMID: 28717418 

12) BRAF^V600 inhibition alters the microRNA cargo in the vesicular secretome of malignant melanoma cells. Lunavat TR, Cheng L, Einarsdottir BO, Olofsson Bagge R, Veppil Muralidharan S, Sharples RA, Lässer C, Gho YS, Hill AF, Nilsson JA, Lötvall J.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 18;114(29):E5930-E5939. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1705206114. Epub 2017 Jul 6.PMID: 28684402 

13) Obstacles and opportunities in the functional analysis of extracellular vesicle RNA - an ISEV position paper. Mateescu B, Kowal EJ, van Balkom BW, Bartel S, Bhattacharyya SN, Buzás EI, Buck AH, de Candia P, Chow FW, Das S, Driedonks TA, Fernández-Messina L, Haderk F, Hill AF, Jones JC, Van Keuren-Jensen KR, Lai CP, Lässer C, Liegro ID, Lunavat TR, Lorenowicz MJ, Maas SL, Mäger I, Mittelbrunn M, Momma S, Mukherjee K, Nawaz M, Pegtel DM, Pfaffl MW, Schiffelers RM, Tahara H, Théry C, Tosar JP, Wauben MH, Witwer KW, Nolte-'t Hoen EN.J Extracell Vesicles. 2017 Mar 7;6(1):1286095. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1286095. eCollection 2017.PMID: 28326170

14) Distinct prostate cancer-related mRNA cargo in extracellular vesicle subsets from prostate cell lines. Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Lunavat TR, Jang SC, Escobedo-Lucea C, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Siljander P, Lötvall J, Yliperttula M.BMC Cancer. 2017 Feb 1;17(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3087-x.PMID: 28143451

15) RNAi delivery by exosome-mimetic nanovesicles - Implications for targeting c-Myc in cancer. Lunavat TR, Jang SC, Nilsson L, Park HT, Repiska G, Lässer C, Nilsson JA, Gho YS, Lötvall J.Biomaterials. 2016 Sep;102:231-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.024. Epub 2016 Jun 15.PMID: 27344366

16) Small RNA deep sequencing discriminates subsets of extracellular vesicles released by melanoma cells--Evidence of unique microRNA cargos. Lunavat TR, Cheng L, Kim DK, Bhadury J, Jang SC, Lässer C, Sharples RA, López MD, Nilsson J, Gho YS, Hill AF, Lötvall J.RNA Biol. 2015;12(8):810-23. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1056975.PMID: 26176991

17) A Systematic Approach to Defining the microRNA Landscape in Metastasis. Mudduluru G, Abba M, Batliner J, Patil N, Scharp M, Lunavat TR, Leupold JH, Oleksiuk O, Juraeva D, Thiele W, Rothley M, Benner A, Ben-Neriah Y, Sleeman J, Allgayer H.Cancer Res. 2015 Aug 1;75(15):3010-9. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0997. Epub 2015 Jun 11.PMID: 26069251

18) Mast cell exosomes promote lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation - role of KIT-stem cell factor signaling. Xiao H, Lässer C, Shelke GV, Wang J, Rådinger M, Lunavat TR, Malmhäll C, Lin LH, Li J, Li L, Lötvall J.Cell Commun Signal. 2014 Oct 14;12:64. doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0064-8.PMID: 25311367 

• Berle, Birgitte Feginn; Juliussen, Sunniva; Castilho, Aurea; Solel, Ege; Saed, Halala Sdik & Vanderpoorten, Oliver [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metastasis-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Labeling. International Journal of Nanomedicine. ISSN 1176-9114. 20, s. 7501–7514. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S520791. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators in brain metastasis (BM), facilitating pre-metastatic niche formation and metastatic progression. However, tracking their distribution and interactions in vivo remains challenging. Objective: To develop and validate a method for labeling BM-derived EVs using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) that enables their visualization and tracking through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Three SPION variants with different coatings and sizes were evaluated using two patient-derived BM cell lines. The labeled EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), colorimetric iron assays, dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) in Nanospacer devices. The functionality and visualization of SPION-labeled EVs were assessed in fetal rat brain organoids (FRBOs) using Prussian blue staining, TEM, and MRI. Detection sensitivity was determined using agar phantoms, and in vivo tracking was validated through intramuscular injections in mice. Results: Uncoated 5 nm SPIONs demonstrated superior labeling efficiency, successfully marking over 90% of cells within 24 hours without significantly affecting cell growth. These SPIONs were effectively incorporated into BM-derived EVs while maintaining their original size distribution. The labeled EVs were successfully internalized by FRBOs and could be visualized using multiple imaging modalities. Agar phantom studies revealed significant changes in T2 and T2* relaxation times, which was further confirmed through in vivo MRI following intramuscular injections. Conclusion: This study establishes a reliable protocol for labeling BM-derived EVs with SPIONs, enabling their visualization across various biological contexts, from subcellular to tissue levels. This proposed model facilitates a valuable tool for spatially tracking BM-EVs in vivo, identifying specific target cells, and investigating their functional role in metastatic progression.

• Zhou, Wenjing; Martinez-Garcia, Elena; Sarnow, Katharina; Kanli, Georgia; Nazarov, Petr V & Li, Yaquan [Vis alle 37 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Development of a highly differentiated rat brain organoid model for exploring glioblastoma invasion dynamics and therapy. Neuro-Oncology. ISSN 1522-8517. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noaf271. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Human brain organoids (BOs) are important models for studying early brain development and neurological disorders. While techniques for creating BOs are advancing, they remain developmental structures. Therefore, when human BOs are used to studying glioma–host interactions, the tumor behavior may be influenced by the BO-developmental microenvironment. Here, we describe the maturation of rat brain organoids (rBOs) into fully differentiated BOs and demonstrate their value as a model for studying glioblastoma (GB)–host interactions and their use in testing therapeutic interventions. Materials and Methods: rBOs were obtained from fetal cortical brains on the 18th day of gestation. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses determined their differentiation into maturity. Their developmental trajectory was compared to human BOs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells as well as to rat brain development. Tumor–rBO interactions, including invasion parameters and therapeutic interactions, were studied using 5 human GB models. Results: The rBOs develop into organized structures with myelinated neurons, oligodendrocytes, synapses, and glial cells, mirroring the rat brain development. GB invasion in rBOs matched those observed in orthotopic xenografts, enabling real-time assessment of invasion metrics: cellular heterogeneity, single-cell invasion speed, and tumor progression. The BOs had a strong impact on GB transcriptional activity and can be used to study therapeutic interventions. The rBO differentiation status influenced GB invasion capacity. Conclusions: The rBOs serve as an effective target brain structure for studying GB invasion parameters and for evaluating therapeutic interventions. Their rapid development into mature brain tissue makes rBOs a valuable brain avatar system for studying tumor–host interactions.

• Lunavat, TARAL RAMESHCHAND; Nieland, Lisa; Looij, Sanne M. van de; Reus, Alexandra J.E.M. de; Couturier, Charles P. & Farran, Chadi A. El [Vis alle 24 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Intratumoral delivery of 4-1BBL boosts IL-12-triggered anti-glioma immunity. Molecular Therapy. ISSN 1525-0016. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.08.028. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Welsh, Joshua A.; Andaloussi, Samir E. L.; Arntz, Onno J.; Arsène, Pierre; Arteaga-Blanco, Luis & Aspelin, Trude [Vis alle 898 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 13:e12404(2), s. 1–84. doi: 10.1002/jev2.12404. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.

• Watson, Dionysios C.; Bayik, Defne; Storevik, Simon Humberto; Moreino, Shannon Sherwin; Sprowls, Samuel A. & Han, Jianhua [Vis alle 42 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). GAP43-dependent mitochondria transfer from astrocytes enhances glioblastoma tumorigenicity. Nature Cancer. 4, s. 648–664. doi: 10.1038/s43018-023-00556-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The transfer of intact mitochondria between heterogeneous cell types has been confirmed in various settings, including cancer. However, the functional implications of mitochondria transfer on tumor biology are poorly understood. Here we show that mitochondria transfer is a prevalent phenomenon in glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor. We identified horizontal mitochondria transfer from astrocytes as a mechanism that enhances tumorigenesis in GBM. This transfer is dependent on network-forming intercellular connections between GBM cells and astrocytes, which are facilitated by growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a protein involved in neuron axon regeneration and astrocyte reactivity. The acquisition of astrocyte mitochondria drives an increase in mitochondrial respiration and upregulation of metabolic pathways linked to proliferation and tumorigenicity. Functionally, uptake of astrocyte mitochondria promotes cell cycle progression to proliferative G2/M phases and enhances self-renewal and tumorigenicity of GBM. Collectively, our findings reveal a host–tumor interaction that drives proliferation and self-renewal of cancer cells, providing opportunities for therapeutic development.

• Rigg, Emma Kayleigh; Wang, Jiwei; Xue, Zhiwei; Lunavat, Taral; Liu, Guowei & Hoang, Tuyen [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Inhibition of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-146a-5p decreases progression of melanoma brain metastasis via Notch pathway dysregulation in astrocytes. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 12(10). doi: 10.1002/jev2.12363. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Melanoma has the highest propensity of all cancers to metastasize to the brain with a large percentage of late-stage patients developing metastases in the central nervous system (CNS). It is well known that metastasis establishment, cell survival, and progression are affected by tumour-host cell interactions where changes in the host cellular compartments likely play an important role. In this context, miRNAs transferred by tumour derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have previously been shown to create a favourable tumour microenvironment. Here, we show that miR-146a-5p is highly expressed in human melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) EVs, both in MBM cell lines as well as in biopsies, thereby modulating the brain metastatic niche. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p was transferred to astrocytes via EV delivery and inhibited NUMB in the Notch signalling pathway. This resulted in activation of tumour-promoting cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and CXCL1). Brain metastases were significantly reduced following miR-146a-5p knockdown. Corroborating these findings, miR-146a-5p inhibition led to a reduction of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and CXCL1 in astrocytes. Following molecular docking analysis, deserpidine was identified as a functional miR-146a-5p inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight the pro-metastatic function of miR-146a-5p in EVs and identifies deserpidine for targeted adjuvant treatment.

• Lunavat, Taral; Nieland, Lisa; Vrijmoet, Anne B.; Zargani-Piccardi, Ayrton; Samaha, Youssef & Breyne, Koen [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Roles of extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: foes, friends and informers. Frontiers in Oncology. 13. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1291177. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Glioblastoma (GB) tumors are one of the most insidious cancers which take over the brain and defy therapy. Over time and in response to treatment the tumor and the brain cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) undergo many genetic/epigenetic driven changes in their phenotypes and this is reflected in the cellular contents within the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they produce. With the result that some EVs try to subdue the tumor (friends of the brain), while others participate in the glioblastoma takeover (foes of the brain) in a dynamic and ever changing process. Monitoring the contents of these EVs in biofluids can inform decisions based on GB status to guide therapeutic intervention. This review covers primarily recent research describing the different cell types in the brain, as well as the tumor cells, which participate in this EV deluge. This includes EVs produced by the tumor which manipulate the transcriptome of normal cells in their environment in support of tumor growth (foes), as well as responses of normal cells which try to restrict tumor growth and invasion, including traveling to cervical lymph nodes to present tumor neo-antigens to dendritic cells (DCs). In addition EVs released by tumors into biofluids can report on the status of living tumor cells via their cargo and thus serving as biomarkers. However, EVs released by tumor cells and their influence on normal cells in the tumor microenvironment is a major factor in immune suppression and coercion of normal brain cells to join the GB “band wagon”. Efforts are being made to deploy EVs as therapeutic vehicles for drugs and small inhibitory RNAs. Increasing knowledge about EVs in the TME is being utilized to track tumor progression and response to therapy and even to weaponize EVs to fight the tumor.

• Théry, Clotilde; Witwer, Kenneth W; Aikawa, Elena; Alcaraz, Maria Jose; Anderson, Johnathon D & Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson [Vis alle 382 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 7:1535750, s. 1–47. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.

• Lunavat, Taral Rameshchand (2016). RNAi delivery by exosome-mimetic nanovesicles–Implications for targeting c-Myc in cancer. Biomaterials. ISSN 0142-9612. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.024. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lunavat, Taral Rameshchand & Lötvall, Jan (2015). Small RNA deep sequencing discriminates subsets of extracellular vesicles released by melanoma cells – Evidence of unique microRNA cargos. RNA Biology. ISSN 1547-6286. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1056975. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Repiska, Gabriela; Crescitelli, Rossella; Lunavat, Taral Rameshchand; Soekmadji, Carolina & Cho, William C. (2023). Editorial: The role of extracellular vesicles in diseases: Shedding light on their role in cell-to-cell communication. Frontiers in Genetics. 14. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1123822. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA