Publikasjoner
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Eriksen, Elke; Madsen, Anne Mette; Afanou, Komlavi Anani; Straumfors, Anne; Eiler, Alexander & Graff, Pål
(2023).
Occupational exposure to inhalable pathogenic microorganisms in waste sorting.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.
ISSN 1438-4639.
253.
doi:
10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114240.
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This study assessed microorganisms in personal inhalable work air samples aiming to identify potential human pathogens, and correlate exposure to adverse health outcomes in waste workers. Full-shift personal exposure was measured in six different waste sorting plants. Microbial concentrations in inhalable air samples were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS for cultivable, and next generation sequencing (NGS) for non-cultivable microorganisms. Concentrations of bacterial and fungal CFUs varied substantially within and between waste sorting plants, ranging from no identifiable organisms to a maximum concentration in the order of 105 CFU/m3. Bacillus and Staphylococcus were among the most abundant bacterial genera, whilst fungal genera were dominated by Aspergillus and Penicillium. Approximately 15% of all identified species were human pathogens classified in risk group 2, whereas 7% belonged to risk group 1. Furthermore, significant correlations between concentrations of fungi in risk group 1 and self-reported adverse symptoms, such as wheezing were identified in exposed workers. The combination of culture-based methods and NGS facilitated the investigation of infectious microbial species with potential pathophysiological properties as well as non-infectious biological agents in inhalable work air samples and thereby contributed to the risk assessment of occupational exposure in waste sorting.
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Fontaine, Laurent; Khomich, Maryia; Andersen, Tom; Hessen, Dag Olav; Rasconi, Serena & Davey, Marie Louise
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(2021).
Multiple thresholds and trajectories of microbial biodiversity predicted across browning gradients by neural networks and decision tree learning.
ISME Communications.
ISSN 2730-6151.
1.
doi:
10.1038/s43705-021-00038-8.
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Ecological association studies often assume monotonicity such as between biodiversity and environmental properties although there is growing evidence that nonmonotonic relations dominate in nature. Here, we apply machine-learning algorithms to reveal the nonmonotonic association between microbial diversity and an anthropogenic-induced large-scale change, the browning of freshwaters, along a longitudinal gradient covering 70 boreal lakes in Scandinavia. Measures of bacterial richness and evenness (alpha-diversity) showed nonmonotonic trends in relation to environmental gradients, peaking at intermediate levels of browning. Depending on the statistical methods, variables indicative for browning could explain 5% of the variance in bacterial community composition (beta-diversity) when applying standard methods assuming monotonic relations and up to 45% with machine- learning methods taking non-monotonicity into account. This non-monotonicity observed at the community level was explained by the complex interchangeable nature of individual taxa responses as shown by a high degree of nonmonotonic responses of individual bacterial sequence variants to browning. Furthermore, the nonmonotonic models provide the position of thresholds and predict alternative bacterial diversity trajectories in boreal freshwater as a result of ongoing climate and land-use changes, which in
turn will affect entire ecosystem metabolism and likely greenhouse gas production.
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Pin, Lorenzo; Eiler, Alexander; Fazi, Stefano & Friberg, Nikolai
(2021).
Two different approaches of microbial community structure characterization in riverine epilithic biofilms under multiple stressors conditions: Developing molecular indicators.
Molecular Ecology Resources.
ISSN 1755-098X.
21(4),
s. 1200–1215.
doi:
10.1111/1755-0998.13341.
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Microbial communities are major players in the biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning of river networks. Despite their importance in the ecosystem, biomonitoring tools relying on prokaryotes are still lacking. Only a few studies have employed both metabarcoding and quantitative techniques such as catalysed reported deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD‐FISH) to analyse prokaryotic communities of epilithic biofilms in river ecosystems. We intended to investigate the efficacy of both techniques in detecting changes in microbial community structure associated with environmental drivers. We report a significant correlation between the prokaryotic community composition and pH in rivers from two different geographical areas in Norway. Both CARD‐FISH and metabarcoding data were following the pattern of the environmental variables, but the main feature distinguishing the community composition was the regional difference itself. Beta‐dispersion analyses on both CARD‐FISH abundance and metabarcoding data revealed higher accuracy of metabarcoding to differentiate regions and river systems. The CARD‐FISH results showed high variability, even for samples within the same river, probably due to some unmeasured microscale ecological variability which we could not resolve. We also present a statistical method, which uses variation coefficient and overall prevalence of taxonomic groups, to detect possible biological indicators among prokaryotes using metabarcoding data. The development of new prokaryotic bioindicators would benefit from both techniques used in this study, but metabarcoding seems to be faster and more reliable than CARD‐FISH for large scale bio‐assessment.
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Juottonen, Heli; Fontaine, Laurent; Wurzbacher, Christian; Drakare, Stina; Peura, Sari & Eiler, Alexander
(2020).
Archaea in boreal Swedish lakes are diverse, dominated by Woesearchaeota and follow deterministic community assembly.
Environmental Microbiology.
ISSN 1462-2912.
22(8),
s. 3158–3171.
doi:
10.1111/1462-2920.15058.
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Despite their key role in biogeochemical processes, particularly the methane cycle, archaea are widely underrepresented in molecular surveys because of their lower abundance compared with bacteria and eukaryotes. Here, we use parallel high-resolution small subunit rRNA gene sequencing to explore archaeal diversity in 109 Swedish lakes and correlate archaeal community assembly mechanisms to large- scale latitudinal, climatic (nemoral to arctic) and nutrient (oligotrophic to eutrophic) gradients. Sequencing with universal primers showed the con- tribution of archaea was on average 0.8% but increased up to 1.5% of the three domains in forest lakes. Archaea-specific sequencing revealed that freshwater archaeal diversity could be partly explained by lake variables associated with nutrient status. Combined with deterministic co-occurrence patterns this finding suggests that ecological drift is overridden by environmental sorting, as well as other deterministic processes such as biogeographic and evolutionary history, leading to lake-specific archaeal biodiversity. Acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogens as well as ammonia- oxidizing archaea were frequently detected across the lakes. Archaea-specific sequencing also revealed representatives of Woesearchaeota and other phyla of the DPANN superphylum. This study adds to our understanding of the ecological range of key archaea in freshwaters and links these taxa to hypotheses about processes governing biogeochemical cycles in lakes.
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Peura, Sari; Wauthy, Maxime; Simone, Domenico; Eiler, Alexander; Einarsdottir, Karolina & Rautio, Milla
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(2020).
Ontogenic succession of thermokarst thaw ponds is linked to dissolved organic matter quality and microbial degradation potential.
Limnology and Oceanography.
ISSN 0024-3590.
65(1),
s. S248–S263.
doi:
10.1002/lno.11349.
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Warming climate is thawing the permafrost in arctic and subarctic regions, leading to formation of thermokarst ponds. During the formation and geomorphological succession of these ponds, carbon that has been trapped in frozen soils for thousands of years is hydrologically mobilized and returned to the active carbon cycle. We sam- pled 12 thermokarst ponds representing three different stages of pond succession to study the potential of micro- bial communities to metabolize the organic carbon in the water. We investigated the quality of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water column based on the spectrophotometric and fluorometric properties of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter combined with parallel factor analysis and the potential of the microbial community for degrading these carbon compounds based on genetic markers related to carbon degradation. Our analysis showed a clear difference in the DOC quality across the different developmental stages. In the younger ponds, organic matter quality suggested that it was originating from the degrading permafrost and in the metagenomes collected from these ponds, the normalized abundance of genes related to degradation of carbon compounds was higher. There was also a shift in the degradation potential in the water column of the ponds, with higher potential for organic matter degradation in deeper, anoxic layers. In conclusion, our results show that the DOC quality and the genetic potential of the microbial community for carbon cycling change across the pond ontogeny, suggesting a capacity of the microbial communities to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
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Garcia, Sarahi L.; Buck, Moritz; Hamilton, Joshua J.; Wurzbache, Christian; Grossart, Hans-Peter & McMahon, Katherine D.
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(2018).
Model Communities Hint at Promiscuous Metabolic Linkages
between Ubiquitous Free-Living Freshwater Bacteria.
mSphere.
ISSN 2379-5042.
3(3).
doi:
10.1128/mSphere.00202-18.
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Peura, Sari; Buck, Moritz; Aalto, SL; Morales, Sergio E; Nykänen, Hannu & Eiler, Alexander
(2018).
Novel Autotrophic Organisms Contribute Significantly to the
Internal Carbon Cycling Potential of a Boreal Lake.
mBio.
ISSN 2161-2129.
9.
doi:
10.1128/mBio.00916-18.
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Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa; Eiler, Alexander; Bertilsson, Stefan; Klaveness, Dag; Tessarolli, Leticia Piton & Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
(2014).
Host-Specificity and Dynamics in Bacterial Communities Associated with Bloom-Forming Freshwater Phytoplankton.
PLOS ONE.
ISSN 1932-6203.
9(1).
doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0085950.
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Jensen, Thomas Correll; Schartau, Ann Kristin; Majaneva, Markus; Veraart, A.J.; Hessen, Dag Olav & Eiler, Alexander
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
Bird impacts on biological communities in Arctic ponds.
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Jensen, Thomas Correll; Schartau, Ann Kristin; Majaneva, Markus; Hessen, Dag Olav; Eiler, Alexander & Loonen, Maarten J.J.E.
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(2023).
Bird impacts on biological communities in Arctic ponds – preliminary results.
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Carlsen, Eira Catharine Lødrup; Hylland, Ketil; Gomes, Tania; Sørensen, Lisbet; Booth, Andrew & Eiler, Alexander
(2022).
Plastic leachates as drivers for bacterial community structure and functioning, including antibiotic resistance.
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Allesson, Lina; Andersen, Tom; Dörsch, Peter; Eiler, Alexander; Wei, Jing & Hessen, Dag Olav
(2020).
Corrigendum: Phosphorus Availability Promotes Bacterial DOC-Mineralization, but Not Cumulative CO2-Production (Front.Microbiol, (2020), 11, (569879), 10.3389/fmicb.2020.569879).
Frontiers in Microbiology.
ISSN 1664-302X.
11.
doi:
10.3389/fmicb.2020.614974.
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Røsbak, Silje K.; Edvardsen, Bente; Eiler, Alexander; Saubrekka, Karoline & Fon, Mathias
(2023).
Mikrobielt samfunn i kulturer av Chrysochromulina leadbeateri og relaterte svepeflagellater undersøkt med metastrekkoding.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Skadelige marine algeoppblomstringer er et tilbakevendende problem over hele verden, der skadene har en påvirkning på økosystemer og lokal økonomi. Chrysochromulina leadbeateri var årsak til en massiv fiskedød i 2019, men mekanismene bak denne oppblomstringen er fortsatt ukjent. Målet med oppgaven var å undersøke bakteriediversiteten i kulturer av den fiske-giftige Chrysochromulina leadbeateri, og sammenligne denne mot andre beslektede svepeflagellater, både hos potensielt giftige og ikke-giftige arter. I tillegg til dette ble bakteriediversiteten av mikrobiomet mellom fastsittende bakterier på algecellene og frittlevende bakterier i kultur undersøkt. I denne oppgaven ble det prokaryote mikrobiomet i kulturer av tre stammer av Chryochromulina leadbeateri og 6 stammer av beslektede svepeflagellatarter analysert. Dette ble gjort ved metastrekkoding av det ribosomale 16S rRNA-genet.
Det ble påvist et mangfoldig mikrobiom der hele bakteriedatasettet inneholdt 3 rekker, 14 ordener og 53 slekter. Bakteriesamfunnets sammensetning bestod hovedsakelig av medlemmer i rekken Proteobacteria etterfulgt av medlemmer av rekken Bacteroidota, og kun noen få ASVer i rekken Actinobacteria. Av de 14 ordenene var Rhodobacterales, Flavobacteriales, Caulobacterales, Rhiszobiales og Cytophagales de mest vanlige. Av de 53 slektene var Marivita (Rhodobacterales) den mest abundante, etterfulgt av Roseovarius (Rhodobacterales), Jannaschia (Rhodobacterales), Hoefla (Rhizobiales), Seohaeicola (Rhodobacterales), Hyphomonas (Rhodobacterales) og Sulfitobacter (Rhodobacterales).
Taksonomisk fordeling av bakterieslekter mellom de potensielt giftige og ikke-giftige svepeflagellatene viste forskjeller, der de potensielt giftige hadde flest unike identifiserte bakterieslekter. Når det gjelder alfadiversitet (forskjeller innad i et samfunn) viser de to gruppene derimot ingen store forskjeller i mikrobiomet. Det ble funnet en svak signifikant sammenheng i mikrobiomets betadiversitet (forskjeller mellom samfunn) mellom kulturer av potensielt giftige og ikke-giftige svepeflagellater, der svepeflagellatens giftighet innen slekt hadde en svak effekt i denne studien. I tillegg viste slekten til svepeflagellaten til å ha en signifikant betydning for hvilke bakteriearter som ble funnet i algekulturer.
Ved en sammenligning av fordelingen av bakterieslekter som er fastsittende til algecellen og frittlevende i algekultur, deler de to gruppene 80 % av bakterieslektene, og har dermed høy likhet. De frittlevende bakteriene har høyest antall ASVer, noe som indikerer at de fleste bakterie-typene lever fritt i kultur. Dette vises også ved de statistiske analysene, der alfadiversiteten for de IV
frittlevende bakteriene i kultur har et signifikant rikere mikrobiom i forhold til fastsittende bakterier til algecellen. Betadiversiteten mellom fastsittende og frittlevende bakterier viser derimot ingen signifikante forskjeller, som vil si at mikrobiom-sammensetningen ikke kan forklares ut ifra om det er fastsittende på algecellene eller frittlevende i kultur.
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Carlsen, Eira Catharine Lødrup; Eiler, Alexander; Hylland, Ketil & Gomes, Tania
(2022).
Double trouble: plastic leachates as drivers for increased adaptations to antibiotics? The effects of plastic leachates and ciprofloxacin on the sea urchin microbiome.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Hjelset, Sverre; Eiler, Alexander; Hylland, Ketil & Gomes, Tania
(2021).
Weak toxicity of chemical additives extracted from car tire rubber on the microbiome of Atlantic cod and Norway pout.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Boer, Hugo de; Brurberg, May Bente; Dahle, Geir; Edgar, Kristin Skarsfjord & Eiler, Alexander
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(2020).
Kriterier for lagring av miljø-DNA prøver og data, herunder henvisning til referansemateriale.
Criteria for depositing eDNA samples and data, including vouchered specimens.
Miljødirektoratet.
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Publisert
25. apr. 2018 13:21
- Sist endret
2. nov. 2023 21:59