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Disputas: Elena Mamonova

Ph.d.-kandidat Elena Mamonova ved Institutt for geofag, Det matematisk-naturvitenskapelige fakultet, vil forsvare avhandlingen A thorny path to a habitable world. Studying primordial exoplanet atmospheres with the Young M Dwarf Flare model for graden Philosophiae Doctor.

Elena Mamonova. Foto: Privat

Elena Mamonova. Foto: Privat

Disputas og prøveforelesning er i Auditorium 1 i Geologibygningen. I noen tilfeller vil prøveforelesning og disputas være mulig å delta på digitalt, i så fall blir det lagt ut en lenke til Zoom.

Prøveforelesning

Onsdag 13 mai, 10:15-11:00, Aud 2, Geologibygningen:

Potential diversity of rocky planet atmospheres from a Solar System and first principles perspective

Kreeringssammendrag

Røde dverger er de vanligste stjernene i Melkeveien og huser de fleste kjente jordlignende planeter i potensielt beboelige baner. I sine unge år produserer de hyppige og kraftige solfakler som bombarderer nærliggende planeter med intens ultrafiolett stråling. Dette arbeidet undersøker om en primordiell planetarisk atmosfære kan overleve lenge nok under slike forhold til at vann kan bli værende og liv kan oppstå. Forskningen viser at rotasjonsperioden er en bedre indikator på aktivitetsnivå enn stjernens alder. YMDF-modellen ble deretter utviklet for å reprodusere tidsutviklingen av spektrene til aktive unge røde dverger. Resultatene viser at vann og hydrogen er bevart i mesteparten av atmosfærekolonnen, selv under intense solstormer i løpet av ett års simuleringstid, og at dampdominerte atmosfærer kan opprettholde vanninnholdet etter hvert som stjernene modnes.

Hovedfunn

Populærvitenskapelig artikkel om Mamonovas avhandling:

Life Under Fire: Planets Around Young Stars

Red dwarf stars, the most common stars in the Galaxy, are magnetically violent in their youth, producing frequent powerful flares that bombard nearby planets with intense ultraviolet radiation. They also host the majority of Earth-sized planets in potentially habitable zones. The central question of this work by Elena Mamonova is whether, in a planetary atmosphere, water can survive long enough under such conditions for life to ever emerge.

To answer this, the flaring behaviour of young red dwarfs was first characterised using young stars in known star-forming regions, revealing that rotation period is a better predictor of flare activity than stellar age, and that a piecewise power law accurately describes flare frequency distributions. Building on this, E. Mamonova developed the Young M Dwarf Flare model, combining radiative-hydrodynamic stellar atmosphere models with high- and low-energy electron beam simulations to reproduce the time-dependent spectra of flaring young red dwarfs, validated against both solar and stellar observations.

Applying this model to simulate one year of atmospheric chemistry kinetics on young Earth-like planets shows that dominant species such as water and hydrogen are preserved throughout most of the atmospheric column by self-shielding, even under intense flaring. In steam-rich atmospheres, photochemistry produces up to ten per cent oxygen through chemistry alone, with no life involved. Regardless of planet size, the water is retained in such atmospheres, suggesting that these worlds could preserve liquid water reservoirs at the surface as their host stars mature. In young systems, mini-Neptune atmospheres can be observable with the James Webb Space Telescope and offer the nearest opportunity to test these predictions, particularly through observation of atmospheric water features.

Illustartion: Red dwarf stars can host Earth-like planets in a habitable zone. But because these planets orbit so close, they are exposed to strong ultraviolet radiation in the younger years of their host star. Can those planet atmospheres still hold on to water and hydrogen? Credit: Pixabay/Terranaut(Peter Schmidt)/CC0 Public Domain
Red dwarf stars can host Earth-like planets in a habitable zone. But because these planets orbit so close, they are exposed to strong ultraviolet radiation in the younger years of their host star. Can those planet atmospheres still hold on to water and hydrogen? Credit: Pixabay/Terranaut(Peter Schmidt)/CC0 Public Domain

Foto og annen informasjon:

Pressefoto: Elena Mamonova, portrett; 1000px. Foto: Privat

Annet bildemateriale: Illustrasjon med beskrivelse og kreditering som spesifisert i artikkelen over, størrelse 1200px.

Publisert 28. apr. 2026 10:09 - Sist endret 28. apr. 2026 10:09