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Choi, Jung Chan; Skurtveit, Elin; Soldal, Magnus & Grande, Lars
(2023).
Effect of undrained creep on the long-term mechanical stability of North Sea mudstones and shales.
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Soldal, Magnus & Skurtveit, Elin
(2023).
Measurements of capillary breakthrough pressures and permeabilities in traditional seals and application for CO2 storage.
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Braathen, Alvar; Skurtveit, Elin; Mulrooney, Mark Joseph; Haines, Emma Michie; Faleide, Thea Sveva & Osmond, Johnathon
[Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2022).
Understanding faults and their influence on fluid flow.
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Choi, Jung Chan; Skurtveit, Elin; Soldal, Magnus & Grande, Lars
(2022).
Can the creep stabilize a fault? : Undrained stress path of the shale creep.
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Soldal, Magnus
(2022).
Undrained pore pressure response of the Draupne shale.
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Silva, Diana Carolina Alves da; Skurtveit, Elin; Soldal, Magnus & Suzuki, Yusuke
(2021).
Mechanical parameters of synthetic Draupne gouge using Direct Shear Testing.
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Soldal, Magnus; Skurtveit, Elin & Bohloli, Bahman
(2021).
The potential for seismicity during slip of fractured Draupne shale .
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Griffiths, Luke; Dautriat, Jérémie; Park, Joonsang; Vera Rodriguez, Ismael; Iranpour, Kamran & Sauvin, Guillaume
[Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2021).
The Influence of Super-critical CO2 Saturation on the Mechanical and Failure Properties of a North Sea Reservoir Sandstone Analogue.
SSRN Electronic Journal.
doi:
10.2139/ssrn.3818808.
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Grande, Lars; Park, Joonsang; Griffiths, Luke; Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Sauvin, Guillaume & Soldal, Magnus
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2020).
Geomechanical and geophysical evaluations for safe CO2 storage in the North Sea.
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Griffiths, Luke; Park, Joonsang; Soldal, Magnus; Sauvin, Guillaume; Grande, Lars & Choi, Jung Chan
[Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2020).
Assessing the potential of microseismic monitoring of North Sea geological CO2 storage sites through laboratory testing.
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Skurtveit, Elin; Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Bohloli, Bahman; Soldal, Magnus; Eidsvig, Unni & Gasda, Sarah
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2020).
Dynamic changes in fault permeability – How can experimental work provide support for fault seal integrity?
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Skurtveit, Elin; Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald; Bohloli, Bahman; Soldal, Magnus; Eidsvig, Unni & Gasda, Sarah
[Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2020).
Dynamic changes in fault permeability
How can experimental work provide support for fault seal integrity?
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Griffiths, Luke; Dautriat, Jérémie; Vera Rodriguez, Ismael; Iranpour, Kamran; Sauvin, Guillaume & Park, Joonsang
[Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Characterization of insitu stress from laboratory-scale microseismic data, relevant to North Sea reservoirs.
Vis sammendrag
Microseismic monitoring at sites such as hydrocarbon reservoirs, mines, and geological CO2 storage reservoirs, can inform on rock integrity, fault locations and geometries, and localised stress changes. For example, at CO2 injection sites, pressure changes may cause slip on pre-existing fractures, resulting in detectable induced seismicity, indicating the progression of the CO2 plume and the pressure front preceding it, and providing a means for assessing the risk of leakage.
Moment tensors are commonly inferred from microseismic data and, if fault planes are known, stress and fault orientations may also be inferred. However, it is difficult to verify the results of these methods at the reservoir scale, where measurements of in-situ stresses are unavailable, and faults can be too small to be observed by seismic surveys. Here, we apply the above methods to laboratory scale microseismic events—Acoustic Emissions (AE), where the situations are well controlled. Namely, we know: how the stress is changing, and where and when the failure plane is developing. For this, we acquired and analysed AE data during the deformation of a sandstone sample (a material relevant to North Sea reservoirs) until formation of a through-going fracture, which we then reactivated.
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Griffiths, Luke; Dautriat, Jérémie; Vera Rodriguez, Ismael; Iranpour, Kamran; Sauvin, Guillaume & Park, Joonsang
[Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Inferring microseismic source mechanisms and in situ stresses during triaxial deformation of a North-Sea-analogue sandstone.
Advances in Geosciences.
ISSN 1680-7340.
doi:
10.5194/adgeo-49-85-2019.
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Park, Joonsang; Blomberg, Ann Elisabeth Albright; Waarum, Ivar-Kristian; Totland, Christian; Yakushev, Evgeniy & Pedersen, Geir
[Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Integrated Monitoring Approach for Offshore Geological CO2 Storage,
Proceedings Offshore Technology Conference (OTC 2019) 6-9 May 2019, Houston, Texas, USA..
Curran Associates, Inc..
ISSN 978-1-5108-8710-7.
doi:
10.4043/29324-MS.
Vis sammendrag
Measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) are vital to ensure the conformance and containment of geological carbon storage (GCS). This requires cost-efficient and multidisciplinary approaches. To investigate this challenge in an offshore environment, we have studied and tested different monitoring approaches, covering seismic, electromagnetic, micro-seismic, active and passive sonar, and chemical sensing methods. The studies in the manuscript are based on laboratory- and field-scale tests. The data of our current interest are various as mentioned above, and for both deep- and shallow-focused monitoring. We measured laboratory geophysical data in the scenario of CO2 flowing through a fracture in a sandstone core sample (De Geerdalen Formation, Svalbard, Norway) to see the possibility of detecting leakage. The field-scale feasibility was also demonstrated through a synthetic modeling study. Laboratory acoustic emission tests were performed with North-Sea relevant rock samples to evaluate the micro-seismic applicability to offshore GCS monitoring. Acoustic and chemical sensor technologies are considered essential for marine monitoring of the seabed and water column, but knowledge and documentation on how to optimally use and combine these technologies is scarce. During a recent controlled CO2 release experiment, we have investigated the performance of different acoustic and chemical technologies for application to GCS monitoring. By quantifying the capabilities and limitations of different acoustic and chemical technologies, we aim to provide operators with the knowledge needed to maximize monitoring performance while minimizing the number of sensors and costly operations.
First, it was learned through a laboratory rock physical test that electromagnetic signal is relatively sensitive to CO2 flow through fracture (and potentially faults as well) compared to seismic. The acoustic emission tests showed that reservoir sandstone core samples are subjected to induced seismicity, whereas the cap-rock or shale are rather quiet during these tests. To be conclusive, more tests and data analysis are required. Nevertheless, the up to date result indicates that detection of leakage in shale only via micro-seismic might be challenging. Initial results from the cotrolled experiments releasing CO2 to the water column indicate that a small amount of CO2 in gas phase may be detected from a large distance (100s of meters) using a broadband echo sounder. Passive acoustic detection of a small leak (1.15 l/min) was feasible from a distance of 10m. A plume of dissolved CO2 was detectable using chemical CO2 and pH sensors placed 4-10 m from the origin of the leak, when releasing CO2 at a rate of 5-6 l/min. Finally, we have investigated how to integrate the deep-focused geophysical and shallow-focused seafloor monitoring techniques. In our study, we have used a set of leakage scenarios (leakage path, rate, etc.) available in the literature. In addition, we have included into our discussion additional datasets e.g. surface/seafloor heaving and gravity not directly acquired in the current study but available through literature. We conclude that integrating different datasets and different disciplines are necessary to maximize the extracted information and eventually to save cost as well. In addition, relevant future R&D task candidates have been identified.
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Soldal, Magnus; Skurtveit, Elin; Bohloli, Bahman; Wilkinson, Heidi; Choi, Jung Chan & Griffiths, Luke
[Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Experimental and analytical assessment of Draupne shale seal integrity for CO2 storage sites .
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage is one of the most important measures to reduce the
atmospheric concentration of CO2. To ensure safe storage, operations must be conducted in way that
respects operational limitations. Furthermore, the operational limitations should be based on models
appropriately accounting for relevant material properties and in-situ stress conditions. In this study, we
combine various experimental approaches on the Draupne shale to get a more complete picture of the
properties of intact and naturally fractured samples and to evaluate the feasibility of using passive seismic
to monitor this North Sea caprock. The measured properties combined with in-situ stresses are used to
calculate stresses acting on arbitrarily oriented fractures and associated stabilities using an in-house
developed software.
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Park, Joonsang; Blomberg, Ann Elisabeth Albright; Waarum, Ivar-Kristian; Totland, Christian; Yakushev, Evgeniy & Pedersen, Geir
[Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Integrated Monitoring Approach for Offshore Geological CO2 Storage.
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Nooraiepour, Mohammad; Soldal, Magnus; Park, Joonsang; Mondol, Nazmul Haque; Hellevang, Helge & Bohloli, Bahman
(2018).
Geophysical Monitoring of Gaseous and Supercritical CO2 Fracture Flow Through a Brine-Saturated Shale Caprock.
Vis sammendrag
Pre-existing and induced fractures and faults can play a role as bypass conduits and fast leaking channels in CO2 storage sites. They should therefore be well characterized during site selection, and monitored thoroughly during operation to track the movement and fate of the CO2 plume. Despite to date extensive research on the geophysical properties of brine- and CO2-saturated porous reservoir rocks, changes in acoustic velocity and electrical resistivity during a sole fracture fluid displacement are, however, rather little investigated. Hence, we herein present a laboratory study of core-scale geophysical monitoring during drainage-imbibition cycles of the brine-CO2 system through a shale caprock core sample with a vertical fracture. The experiments were conducted using both gaseous and scCO2 with 4 and 9 MPa pore pressures, respectively, at 12 MPa confining pressure. The tests were performed at 40°C during the loading and unloading stages in order to look into the hysteresis effect. We used a fractured core sample from the Upper Jurassic organic-rich shales of the Draupne Formation, which is the primary caprock for the Smeaheia CO2 storage site – a full-scale CCS project in Norway. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare the geophysical measurements using gaseous and scCO2 drainage-imbibition cycles during the tests in a core-scale experiment. Moreover, we were interested to see how sensitive acoustic velocity and electrical resistance techniques are to the fracture fluid displacement using different CO2 phase states. The outcomes of our high-pressure high-temperature experiment of simultaneous measurements of fracture flow and geophysical properties indicate that potential leakage of injected CO2 through the fractured-shale caprock can be detected in the core-scale laboratory experiments. The performed drainage-imbibition cycles using gaseous and scCO2 resulted in different behaviors in P-wave velocity (Vp) and electrical resistance in axial and radial directions for these two phase states. The measured Vp during the displacement of fracture fluid, CO2-brine subsequent cycles, showed a limited sensitivity in terms of magnitude and relative change. The electrical resistance, on the other hand, shows higher sensitivity and larger variation during fluid displacement along the fracture. It was also observed that the crossplot of Vp versus electrical resistance could detect and even differentiate the different phases during the loading and unloading stages.
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Skurtveit, Elin; Sundal, Anja; Soldal, Magnus; Sauvin, Guillaume & Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald
(2018).
CO2 flow, alteration and geomechanical response in confining units – An experimental approach.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
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Soldal, Magnus; Sauvin, Guillaume; Park, Joonsang; Mannseth, Trond; Tveit, Svenn & Agersborg, Remy
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2017).
Geophysical monitoring for offshore CO2 storage combined with rock physics lab data(based on SUCCESS WP3 final report Geophysics).
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Grande, Lars; Bohloli, Bahman; Skurtveit, Elin; Park, Joonsang; Soldal, Magnus & Sauvin, Guillaume
(2017).
Geomechanical testing of shale for micro-seismic potential at CO2 storage pilot on Svalbard, Norway.
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Skurtveit, Elin; Sundal, Anja; Sauvin, Guillaume; Soldal, Magnus; Zuchuat, Valentin & Braathen, Alvar
(2017).
Fracture flow experiments addressing CO2 migration in fault zone.
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Park, Joonsang; Soldal, Magnus; Sauvin, Guillaume; Nooraiepour, Mohammad; Mondol, Nazmul Haque & Bohloli, Bahman
(2017).
On wave propagation in a CO2/Brine-saturated fractured core.
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Bohloli, Bahman; Park, Joonsang; Sauvin, Guillaume; Grande, Lars; Soldal, Magnus & Nooraiepour, Mohammad
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2017).
Triaxial testing and geophysical monitoring of reservoir and cap rock samples from UNIS CO2 LAB pilot, Longyearbyen Svalbard, Norway.
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Grande, Lars; Soldal, Magnus & Mondol, Nazmul Haque
(2015).
Dynamic to static relationships of shear modulus for sand and sandstones, 3rd International Workshop on Rock Physics, 13-17 April 2015, Perth, Australia.
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Tran, Trung; Omolo, Lameck; Soldal, Magnus; Mondol, Nazmul Haque; Park, Joonsang & Johnsen, Øistein
(2015).
Tracking Co2 Front Development with Electrical Resistivity Measurements - An Experimental Study.
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Omolo, Lameck; Tran, Trung; Soldal, Magnus; Mondol, Nazmul Haque; Grande, Lars & Park, Joonsang
[Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2015).
Multidirectional acoustic velocity measurement during CO2 flooding in sandstones.
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Soldal, Magnus; Omolo, Lameck; Tran, Trung; Johnsen, Øistein; Mondol, Nazmul Haque & Sauvin, Guillaume
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2015).
CO2 flooding experiment of reservoir sandstones-monitoring changes in acoustic and electric
properties.
Vis sammendrag
We present an advanced laboratory work to measure electrical resistivity, acoustic velocity (ultrasonic
frequency) and anisotropy during injection of liquid CO2 into initially brine saturated reservoir core
samples. A novel measurement system has been developed, where velocity and resistivity are
measured at different points along the specimen axial direction. The changes in velocity and resistivity
observed during the CO2 injection will be a critical element in interpreting geophysical field data to
understand reservoir behaviour.
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Johnsen, Øistein & Soldal, Magnus
(2014).
Combined rock mechanics, rock physics and CT image quantification of physical processes.
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Johnsen, Øistein; Soldal, Magnus; Park, Joonsang; Mondol, Nazmul Haque & Alemu, Binyam Lema
(2014).
C02 - Resistivity and Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements During CO2-brine Drainage and Imbibition.
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Johnsen, Øistein; Soldal, Magnus; Park, Joonsang; Mondol, Nazmul Haque & Alemu, Binyam Lema
(2014).
Resistivity and Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements During CO2-brine Drainage and Imbibition.
EarthDoc.
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Johnsen, Øistein; Alemu, Binyam Lema; Aker, Eyvind & Soldal, Magnus
(2012).
Rock Physical Properties and CT Imaging of CO2-brine Displacement in Reservoir Sandstone.
Vis sammendrag
Recent CO2-brine drainage and imbibition experiments in natural sandstone reservoir analogue (23%
porosity cylindrical Rothbach cored perpendicular to bedding, average permeability of 400 mD)
demonstrate the implications of sub-core scale heterogeneity on fluid distribution of the involved phases
and the associated geophysical response. The initially brine saturated specimen was drained by stepwise
injecting liquid CO2, and changes in resistivity and ultrasonic velocity was monitored while
simultaneously imaging the fluid distribution by an industrial CT-scanner. A similar procedure was
subsequently used for re-imbibition with brine. The results indicate a close link between the response of
the measured physical and the tomographically mapped minute saturation levels and provides a deeper
understanding of the implications of the flooding and imbibition processes.
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Grande, Lars; Mondol, Nazmul Haque; Berre, Toralv; Soldal, Magnus & Madshus, Christian
(2011).
Stress induced velocity anisotropy in loose sands.
1st Internation Rock Physics Workshop.