Siste publikasjoner

• Giebichenstein, Julia; Teisrud, Ragnar; Laurent, Jennifer Malica; Frantzen, Marianne; Meador, James P.; Sørensen, Lisbet; Hansen, Bjørn Henrik; Reinardy, Helena C.; Laurel, Benjamin J. & Nahrgang, Jasmine (2021). Combined effects of crude oil exposure and warming on eggs and larvae of an arctic forage fish. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322. . doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87932-2
• Rey, Sonia; Jin, Xingkun; Damsgård, Børge; Bégout, Marie-Laure & MacKenzie, Simon (2021). Analysis across diverse fish species highlights no conserved transcriptome signature for proactive behaviour. BMC Genomics.  ISSN 1471-2164.  22:33, s 1- 17 . doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-07317-z
• Estensmo, Eva Lena Fjeld; Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Morgado, LN; Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Skrede, Inger & Kauserud, Håvard (2021). The influence of intraspecific sequence variation during DNA metabarcoding: A case study of eleven fungal species. Molecular Ecology Resources.  ISSN 1755-098X. . doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13329 Vis sammendrag

  DNA metabarcoding has become a powerful approach for analysing complex communities from environmental samples, but there are still methodological challenges limiting its full potential. While conserved DNA markers, like 16S and 18S, often are not able to discriminate among closely related species, other more variable markers – like the fungal ITS region, may include considerable intraspecific variation, which can lead to oversplitting of species during DNA metabarcoding analyses. Here we assessed the effects of intraspecific sequence variation in DNA metabarcoding by analysing local populations of eleven fungal species. We investigated the allelic diversity of ITS2 haplotypes using both Sanger sequencing and high throughput sequencing (HTS) coupled with error correction with the software dada2. All the eleven species, except one, included some level of intraspecific variation in the ITS2 region. Overall, we observed a high correspondence between haplotypes generated by Sanger sequencing and HTS, with the exception of a few additional haplotypes detected using either approach. These extra haplotypes, typically occurring in low frequencies, were probably due to PCR and sequencing errors or intragenomic variation in the rDNA region. The presence of intraspecific (and possibly intragenomic) variation in ITS2 suggest that haplotypes (or ASVs) should not be used as basic units in ITS‐based fungal community analyses, but an extra clustering step is needed to approach species‐level resolution.

• Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo; Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Gonzalez-Perez, Jose Antonio & Hermosin, Bernardo (2021). Analytical pyrolysis of the fungal melanins from Ochroconis spp. isolated from Lascaux Cave, France. Applied Sciences.  ISSN 2076-3417. . doi: 10.3390/app11031198 Vis sammendrag

  Analytical pyrolysis is a tool widely used for investigating the nature of macromolecules. This technique has been applied with success for solving the chemical structure of geo- and biopolymers. However, with complex macromolecules, such as fungal melanins, analytical pyrolysis presents some drawbacks due to the fact that they rarely can be obtained in a pure grade and contains a mixture of polysaccharides, chitin, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, among other materials. Analytical pyrolysis permits the characterization of the compounds co-extracted or linked to the melanin. Nevertheless, our data revealed that under the conditions usually employed in the pyrolysis of melanins, the technique presented serious limitations due to the complex structure and diversity of components that suffer extensive thermal degradation through secondary reactions with the production of considerable number of artifacts. To the light of pyrolysis data, the melanin of Ochroconis spp. is not based on 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) or 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), and it is suggested that it could be a type of pyomelanin, based on the polymerization of homogentisic acid and other phenolic compounds.

• Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Estensmo, Eva Lena Fjeld; Morgado, LN; Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Engh, Ingeborg Bjorvand; Skrede, Inger & Kauserud, Håvard (2021). Analyzing indoor mycobiomes through a large‐scale citizen science study in Norway. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083. . doi: 10.1111/mec.15916 Vis sammendrag

  In the built environment, fungi can cause important deterioration of building materials and adverse health effects on occupants. Increased knowledge about indoor mycobiomes from different regions of the world, and their main environmental determinants, will enable improved indoor air quality management and identification of health risks. This is the first citizen science study about indoor mycobiomes at a large geographical scale in Europe, including 271 houses from Norway and 807 dust samples from three house compartments: outside of the building, living room and bathroom. The fungal community composition determined by DNA metabarcoding was clearly different between indoor and outdoor samples, but there were no significant differences between the two indoor compartments. The 32 selected variables, related to the outdoor environment, building features and occupant characteristics, accounted for 15% of the overall variation in community composition, with the house compartment as the key factor (7.6%). Next, the climate was the main driver of the dust mycobiomes (4.2%), while building and occupant variables had significant but minor influences (1.4% and 1.1%, respectively). The house‐dust mycobiomes were dominated by ascomycetes (⁓70%) with Capnodiales and Eurotiales as the most abundant orders. Compared to the outdoor samples, the indoor mycobiomes showed higher species richness, which is probably due to the mixture of fungi from outdoor and indoor sources. The main indoor indicator fungi belonged to two ecological groups with allergenic potential: xerophilic molds and skin‐associated yeasts. Our results suggest that citizen science is a successful approach for unraveling the built microbiome at large geographical scales.

• Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste & Jenner, Ronald A. (2021). Phylogenetic analyses suggest centipede venom arsenals were repeatedly stocked by horizontal gene transfer. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  12(1), s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21093-8
• Hasle, Gunnar; Leinaas, Hans Petter; Heier, Lise; Garcia, Aïda Lopez & Røed, Knut (2021). Mitochondrial DNA in Ixodus ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) on birds reflects ticks’ transportation routes to Lista, Norway. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.  ISSN 1877-959X.  12:101553(1), s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101553
• Wimmi, S; Balinovic, A; Jeckel, H; Selinger, L; Lampaki, D; Eisemann, E; Meuskens, Ina; Linke, Dirk; Drescher, K; Endesfelder, U & Diepold, Andreas (2021). Dynamic relocalization of cytosolic type III secretion system components prevents premature protein secretion at low external pH. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  12(1) . doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21863-4
• Blagotinšek Cokan, Kaja; Urlep, Žiga; Moškon, Miha; Mraz, Miha; Kong, Xiang Yi; Eskild, Winnie; Rozman, Damjana; Juvan, Peter & Režen, Tadeja (2021). Common Transcriptional Program of Liver Fibrosis in Mouse Genetic Models and Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.  ISSN 1422-0067.  22(2), s 1- 21 . doi: 10.3390/ijms22020832
• Nandintsetseg, Banzragch; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Chang, Jinfeng; Ciais, Philippe; Davaanyam, Enkhbaatar; Batbold, Altangerel; Bat-Oyun, Tserenpurev & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2021). Risk and vulnerability of Mongolian grasslands under climate change. Environmental Research Letters.  ISSN 1748-9326.  16, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/abdb5b
• Modica, Maria Vittoria; Ahmad, Rafi; Ainsworth, Stuart; Anderluh, Gregor; Antunes, Agostinho; Beis, Dimitris; Caliskan, Figen; Serra, Mauro Dalla; Dutertre, Sebastien; Moran, Yehu; Nalbantsoy, Ayse; Oukkache, Naoual; Stano, Pekar; Remm, Maido; von Reumont, Bjoern Marcus; Sarigiannis, Yiannis; Tarallo, Andrea; Tytgat, Jan; Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste; Utkin, Yuri; Verdes, Aida; Violette, Aude & Zancolli, Giulia (2021). The new COST Action European Venom Network (EUVEN)—synergy and future perspectives of modern venomics. GigaScience.  ISSN 2047-217X.  10(3), s 1- 5 . doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giab019
• Stabell, Marianne; Sæther, Thomas; Kjendseth, Åsmund Røhr; Gabrielsen, Odd Stokke & Myklebost, Ola (2021). Methylation-dependent SUMOylation of the architectural transcription factor HMGA2. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC.  ISSN 0006-291X.  552, s 91- 97 . doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.099 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) is a chromatin-associated protein involved in the regulation of stem cell function, embryogenesis and cancer development. Although the protein does not contain a consensus SUMOylation site, it is shown to be SUMOylated. In this study, we demonstrate that the first lysine residue in the reported K66KAE SUMOylation motif in HMGA2 can be methylated in vitro and in vivo by the Set7/9 methyltransferase. By editing the lysine, the increased hydrophobicity of the resulting 6-N-methyl-lysine transforms the sequence into a consensus SUMO motif. This post-translational editing dramatically increases the subsequent SUMOylation of this site. Furthermore, similar putative methylation-dependent SUMO motifs are found in a number of other chromatin factors, and we confirm methylation-dependent SUMOylation of a site in one such protein, the Polyhomeotic complex 1 homolog (PHC1). Together, these results suggest that crosstalk between methylation and SUMOylation is a general mode for regulation of chromatin function.

• Mysterud, Atle; Viljugrein, Hildegunn; Rolandsen, Christer Moe & Belsare, Aniruddha V. (2021). Harvest strategies for the elimination of low prevalence wildlife diseases. Royal Society Open Science.  ISSN 2054-5703.  8 . doi: 10.1098/rsos.210124 Vis sammendrag

  The intensive harvesting of hosts is often the only practicable strategy for controlling emerging wildlife diseases. Several harvesting approaches have been explored theoretically with the objective of lowering transmission rates, decreasing the transmission period or specifically targeting spatial disease clusters or high-risk demographic groups. Here, we present a novel model-based approach to evaluate alternative harvest regimes, in terms of demographic composition and rates, intended to increase the probability to remove all infected individuals in the population during the early phase of an outbreak. We tested the utility of the method for the elimination of chronic wasting disease based on empirical data for reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway, in populations with (Nordfjella) and without (Hardangervidda) knowledge about exact disease prevalence and population abundance. Low and medium harvest intensities were unsuccessful in eliminating the disease, even at low prevalence. High-intensity harvesting had a high likelihood of eliminating the disease, but probability was strongly influenced by the disease prevalence. We suggest that the uncertainty about disease prevalence can be mitigated by using an adaptive management approach: forecast from models after each harvest season with updated data, derive prevalence estimates and forecast further harvesting. We identified the problems arising from disease surveillance with large fluctuations in harvesting pressure and hence sample sizes. The elimination method may be suitable for pathogens that cause long-lasting infections and with slow epidemic growth, but the method should only be attempted if there is a low risk ofreinfection, either by a new disease introduction event (e.g. dispersing hosts) or due to environmental reservoirs. Our simulations highlighted the short time window when such a strategy is likely to be successful before approaching near complete eradication of the population.

• Lefevre, Sjannie; Wang, Tobias & McKenzie, David J. (2021). The role of mechanistic physiology in investigating impacts of global warming on fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology.  ISSN 0022-0949.  224 . doi: 10.1242/jeb.238840
• Gulbrandsen, Øyvind Sætren; Andresen, Ina Jungersen; Krabberød, Anders Kristian; Bråte, Jon & Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran (2021). Phylogenomic analysis restructures the Ulvophyceae. Journal of Phycology.  ISSN 0022-3646. . doi: 10.1111/jpy.13168
• Barcytė, Dovilė; Eikrem, Wenche; Engesmo, Anette; Seoane, Sergio; Wohlmann, Jens; Horak, Ales; Yurchenko, Tatiana & Elias, Marek (2021). Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta. Journal of Phycology.  ISSN 0022-3646. . doi: 10.1111/jpy.13155
• Hammerstad, Marta & Hersleth, Hans-Petter (2021). Overview of structurally homologous flavoprotein oxidoreductases containing the low Mr thioredoxin reductase-like fold – A functionally diverse group. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.  ISSN 0003-9861.  702 . doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108826 Vis sammendrag

  Structural studies show that enzymes have a limited number of unique folds, although structurally related enzymes have evolved to perform a large variety of functions. In this review, we have focused on enzymes containing the low molecular weight thioredoxin reductase (low Mr TrxR) fold. This fold consists of two domains, both containing a three-layer ββα sandwich Rossmann-like fold, serving as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and, in most cases, pyridine nucleotide (NAD(P)H) binding-domains. Based on a search of the Protein Data Bank for all published structures containing the low Mr TrxR-like fold, we here present a comprehensive overview of enzymes with this structural architecture. These range from TrxR-like ferredoxin/flavodoxin NAD(P)+ oxidoreductases, through glutathione reductase, to NADH peroxidase. Some enzymes are solely composed of the low Mr TrxR-like fold, while others contain one or two additional domains. In this review, we give a detailed description of selected enzymes containing only the low Mr TrxR-like fold, however, catalyzing a diversity of chemical reactions. Our overview of this structurally similar, yet functionally distinct group of flavoprotein oxidoreductases highlights the fascinating and increasing number of studies describing the diversity among these enzymes, especially during the last decade(s).

• Pin, Lorenzo; Eiler, Alexander; Fazi, Stefano & Friberg, Nikolai (2021). Two different approaches of microbial community structure characterization in riverine epilithic biofilms under multiple stressors conditions: Developing molecular indicators. Molecular Ecology Resources.  ISSN 1755-098X. . doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13341 Vis sammendrag

  Microbial communities are major players in the biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning of river networks. Despite their importance in the ecosystem, biomonitoring tools relying on prokaryotes are still lacking. Only a few studies have employed both metabarcoding and quantitative techniques such as catalysed reported deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD‐FISH) to analyse prokaryotic communities of epilithic biofilms in river ecosystems. We intended to investigate the efficacy of both techniques in detecting changes in microbial community structure associated with environmental drivers. We report a significant correlation between the prokaryotic community composition and pH in rivers from two different geographical areas in Norway. Both CARD‐FISH and metabarcoding data were following the pattern of the environmental variables, but the main feature distinguishing the community composition was the regional difference itself. Beta‐dispersion analyses on both CARD‐FISH abundance and metabarcoding data revealed higher accuracy of metabarcoding to differentiate regions and river systems. The CARD‐FISH results showed high variability, even for samples within the same river, probably due to some unmeasured microscale ecological variability which we could not resolve. We also present a statistical method, which uses variation coefficient and overall prevalence of taxonomic groups, to detect possible biological indicators among prokaryotes using metabarcoding data. The development of new prokaryotic bioindicators would benefit from both techniques used in this study, but metabarcoding seems to be faster and more reliable than CARD‐FISH for large scale bio‐assessment.

• Haarr, Ane; Mwakalapa, Eliezer B; Mmochi, Aviti J; Lyche, Jan Ludvig; Ruus, Anders; Othman, Halima; Larsen, Martin M. & Borgå, Katrine (2021). Seasonal rainfall affects occurrence of organohalogen contaminants intropical marinefishes and prawns from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment.  ISSN 0048-9697. . doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145652
• Ren, Zhehao; Li, Ruiyun; Zhang, Tao; Chen, Bin; Wang, Che; Li, Miao; Song, Shuang; Xiao, Yixiong; Xu, Bo; Liu, Zhaoyang; Shen, Chong; Guan, Dabo; Hou, Lin; Deng, Ke; Bai, Yuqi; Gong, Peng & Xu, Bing (2021). Reduction of Human Mobility Matters during Early COVID-19 Outbreaks: Evidence from India, Japan and China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH).  ISSN 1661-7827.  18(6), s 2826 . doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062826
• Grad, Iwona; Hanes, Robert; Ayuda-Durán, Pilar; Kuijjer, Marieke Lydia; Enserink, Jorrit; Meza-Zepeda, Leonardo A & Myklebost, Ola (2021). Discovery of novel candidates for anti- liposarcoma therapies by medium-scale high-throughput drug screening. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  16(3) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248140
• Valsalakumari, Remya; Yadava, Sunil Kumar; Szwed, Marzena; Pandya, Abhilash D.; Mælandsmo, Gunhild M.; Torgersen, Maria Lyngaas; Iversen, Tore Geir; Skotland, Tore; Sandvig, Kirsten & Giri, Jyotsnendu (2021). Mechanism of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of paclitaxel loaded lipid nanocapsules in breast cancer cells.. International Journal of Pharmaceutics.  ISSN 0378-5173.  597(120217) . doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120217
• Saraste, Jaakko & Prydz, Kristian (2021). Assembly and cellular exit of coronaviruses: Hijacking an unconventional secretory pathway from the pre-Golgi Intermediate compartment via the Golgi ribbon to the extracellular space. Cells.  ISSN 2073-4409.  10(3), s 1- 20 . doi: 10.3390/cells10030503
• Rooke, Jessica; Icke, Christopher; Wells, Timothy; Rossiter, Amanda; Browning, Douglas; Morris, Faye; Leo, Jack Christopher; Schütz, Monika; Autenrieth, Ingo B.; Cunningham, Adam; Linke, Dirk & Henderson, Ian (2021). BamA and BamD Are Essential for the Secretion of Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesins. Frontiers in Microbiology.  ISSN 1664-302X.  12 . doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628879
• Temesgen, Tamirat Tefera; Robertson, Lucy; Stigum, Vetle Malmer & Tysnes, Kristoffer (2021). Removal of Parasite Transmission Stages from Berries UsingWashing Procedures Suitable for Consumers. Foods.  ISSN 2304-8158. . doi: 10.3390/foods10020481
• Turek, Daniel; Milleret, Cyril Pierre; Ergon, Torbjørn; Brøseth, Henrik; Dupont, Pierre; Bischof, Richard & de Valpine, Perry (2021). Efficient estimation of large-scale spatial capture–recapture models. Ecosphere.  ISSN 2150-8925.  12(2) . doi: 10.1002/ecs2.3385 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Capture–recapture methods are a common tool in ecological statistics, which have beenextended to spatial capture–recapture models for data accompanied by location information. However,standard formulations of these models can be unwieldy and computationally intractable for large spatialscales, many individuals, and/or activity center movement. We provide a cumulative series of methodsthat yield dramatic improvements in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation for two examples.These include removing unnecessary computations, integrating out latent states, vectorizing declarations,and restricting calculations to the locality of individuals. Our approaches leverage the exibility providedby the nimble R package. In our rst example, we demonstrate an improvement in MCMC efciency (therate of generating effectively independent posterior samples) by a factor of 100. In our second example, wereduce the computing time required to generate 10,000 posterior samples from 4.5 h down to ve minutes,and realize an increase in MCMC efciency by a factor of 25. These approaches can also be applied gener-ally to other spatially indexed hierarchical models. We provide R code for all examples, an executable web-appendix, and generalized versions of these techniques are made available in the nimbleSCR R package. Markov chain Monte Carlo; Mark–recapture; nimble; sampling efficiency; spatial capture–recapture

• Velle, Gaute; Edsman, Lennart; Evangelista, Charlotte; Johnsen, Stein Ivar; Malmstrøm, Martin; Vrålstad, Trude; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Hindar, Kjetil; Hole, Lars Robert; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Järnegren, Johanna; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak & Nielsen, Anders (2021). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from import and keeping of crustaceans in freshwater aquaria. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2021(02), s 1- 377
• Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; Hansen, Helge; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Mysterud, Atle; Strand, Olav; Tranulis, Michael A.; Våge, Jørn; Kapperud, Georg; Madslien, Knut Ivar Engesæter; Rueness, Eli Knispel & Wasteson, Yngvild (2021). Handlingsrommet etter påvisning av skrantesyke (Chronic Wasting Disease, CWD) på Hardangervidda – grunnlag for fremtidige forvaltningsstrategier. Vitenskapelig uttalelse fra Vitenskapskomiteen for Mat og Miljø (VKM).. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2021(1), s 1- 122
• Christensen, Ane Charlotte; Lensjø, Kristian Kinden; Lepperød, Mikkel Elle; Dragly, Svenn-Arne; Sutterud, Hallvard; Blackstad, Jan Sigurd; Fyhn, Marianne & Hafting, Torkel (2021). Perineuronal nets stabilize the grid cell network. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723. . doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20241-w Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Haugland, Barbro Taraldset; Armitage, Caroline S.; Kutti, Tina; Husa, Vivian; Skogen, MD; Bekkby, Trine; Carvajalino-Fernandez, Marcos Antonio; Bannister, RA; White, Camille Anna; Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus & Fredriksen, Stein (2021). Large-scale salmon farming in Norway impacts the epiphytic community of Laminaria hyperborea. Aquaculture Environment Interactions.  ISSN 1869-215X. . doi: 10.3354/aei00392
• Belsare, Aniruddha V.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Mason, J.Russ; Sumners, Jason; Viljugrein, Hildegunn & Mysterud, Atle (2021). Getting in front of chronic wasting disease: Model-informed proactive approach for managing an emerging wildlife disease. Frontiers in Veterinary Science.  ISSN 2297-1769.  7:608235, s 1- 6 . doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.608235
• Li, Ruiyun (2021). Mobility restrictions are more than transient reduction of travel activities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  118(1), s e2023895118 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.2023895118
• Cao, Yihan & Tufto, Jarle (2021). Bayesian inference with tmbstan for a state-spacemodel with VAR(1) state equation. arXiv.org.  ISSN 2331-8422. . doi: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.05635
• Põlme, Sergei; Abarenkov, Kessy; Nilsson, R. Henrik; Lindahl, Björn D.; Clemmensen, Karina E.; Kauserud, Håvard; Nguyen, Nhu; Kjøller, Rasmus; Bates, Scott T; Baldrian, Petr; Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg; Adojaan, Kristjan; Vizzini, Alfredo; Suija, Ave; Pfister, Donald H.; Baral, Hans‑Otto; Järv, Helle; Madrid, Hugo; Nordén, Jenni; Liu, Jian‑Kui; Pawlowska, Julia; Põldmaa, Kadri; Pärtel, Kadri; Runnel, Kadri; Hansen, Karen; Larsson, Karl‑Henrik; Hyde, Kevin David; Sandoval‑Denis, Marcelo; Smith, Matthew E.; Toome‑Heller, Merje; Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Menolli Jr., Nelson; Reynolds, Nicole K.; Drenkhan, Rein; Maharachchikumbu, Sajeewa S. N.; Gibertoni, Tatiana B.; Læssøe, Thomas; Davis, William; Tokarev, Yuri; Corrales, Adriana; Soares, Adriene Mayra; Agan, Ahto; Machado, Alexandre Reis; Argüelles‑Moyao, Andrés; Detheridge, Andrew; de Meiras‑Ottoni, Angelina; Verbeken, Annemieke; Dutta, Arun Kumar; Cui, Bao‑Kai; Pradeep, C. K.; Marín, César; Stanton, Daniel; Gohar, Daniyal; Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N.; Otsing, Eveli; Aslani, Farzad; Griffith, Gareth W.; Lumbsch, Thorsten H.; Grossart, Hans-Peter; Masigol, Hossein; Timling, Ina; Hiiesalu, Inga; Oja, Jane; Kupagme, John Y.; Geml, József; Alvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta; Ilves, Kai; Loit, Kaire; Adamson, Kalev; Nara, Kazuhide; Küngas, Kati; Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor; Mundra, Sunil & Tedersoo, Leho (2021). FungalTraits: a user‑friendly traits database of fungi and fungus‑like stramenopiles. Fungal diversity.  ISSN 1560-2745. . doi: 10.1007/s13225-020-00466-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies. Over the past decades, rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats. Yet, in spite of the progress of molecular methods, knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging. In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels. Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge, we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera, respectively. This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera, designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental studies. In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses, the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences. On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1% dissimilarity threshold. Fungal traits · Trophic modes · Function · Guild · Bioinformatics · High-throughput sequencing · Community ecology

• Resseguier, Julien; Levraud, Jean-Pierre; Dal, Nils-Jørgen Knudsen; Fenaroli, Federico; Primard, Charlotte; Wohlmann, Jens; Carron, Gabrielle; Griffiths, Gareth Wyn; Le Guellec, Dominique & Verrier, Bernard (2021). Biodistribution of surfactant-free poly(lactic-acid) nanoparticles and uptake by endothelial cells and phagocytes in zebrafish: Evidence for endothelium to macrophage transfer. Journal of Controlled Release.  ISSN 0168-3659.  331, s 228- 245 . doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.006
• Ferrari, Giada; Cuevas, Angelica; Gondek, Agata; Ballantyne, Rachel; Kersten, Oliver; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; van der Jagt, Inge; Hufthammer, Anne Karin; Ystgaard, Ingrid; Wickler, Stephen; Bigelow, Gerald F; Harland, Jennifer; Nicholson, Rebecca; Orton, David; Clavel, Benoît; Boessenkool, Sanne; Barrett, James H & Star, Bastiaan (2021). The preservation of ancient DNA in archaeological fish bone. Journal of Archaeological Science.  ISSN 0305-4403.  126(105317) . doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2020.105317
• Guo, Yanwu; Tocchini, Cristina & Ciosk, Rafal (2021). CLK-2/TEL2 is a conserved component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway.. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203. . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244505
• Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane; Arnault, Gontran; Nordén, Jenni; Botnen, Synnøve Smebye; Miettinen, Otto & Kauserud, Håvard (2021). Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi. The ISME Journal.  ISSN 1751-7362. . doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-00862-1 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  porocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the diversity, taxonomic composition and host preference of fungicolous fungi (i.e., fungi that feed on other fungi) in sporocarps. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from 176 sporocarps of 11 wood-decay fungal host species, all collected within a forest in northeast Finland. We assessed the influence of sporocarp traits, such as lifespan, morphology and size, on the fungicolous fungal community. The level of colonisation by fungicolous fungi, measured as the proportion of non-host ITS2 reads, varied between 2.8–39.8% across the 11 host species and was largely dominated by Ascomycota. Host species was the major determinant of the community composition and diversity of fungicolous fungi, suggesting that host adaptation is important for many fungicolous fungi. Furthermore, the alpha diversity was consistently higher in short-lived and resupinate sporocarps compared to long-lived and pileate ones, perhaps due to a more hostile environment for fungal growth in the latter too. The fungicolous fungi represented numerous lineages in the fungal tree of life, among which a significant portion was poorly represented with reference sequences in databases.

• Diekert, Florian Klaus; Nøstbakken, Linda & Richter, Andries Peter (2021). Control activities and compliance behavior - Survey evidence from Norway. Marine Policy.  ISSN 0308-597X.  125 . doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104381
• Skotland, Tore & Sandvig, Kirsten (2021). Transport of nanoparticles across the endothelial cell layer. Nano Today.  ISSN 1748-0132.  36 . doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101029 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Dietz, Rune; Fort, Jérôme; Sonne, Christian; Albert, Céline; Bustnes, Jan Ove; Christensen, Thomas Kjær; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Danielsen, Jóhannis; Dastnai, Sam; Eens, Marcel; Erikstad, Kjell E; Galatius, Anders; Garbus, Svend-Erik; Gilg, Oliver; Hanssen, Sveinn Are; Helander, Björn; Helberg, Morten; Jaspers, Veerle; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Jónsson, Jón Einar; Kauhala, Kaarina; Kolbeinsson, Yann; Kyhn, Line A.; Labansen, Aili Lage; Larsen, Martin M.; Lindstrøm, Ulf; Reiertsen, Tone Kristin; Rigét, Frank F.; Roos, Anna; Strand, Jakob; Strøm, Hallvard; Sveegaard, Signe; Søndergaard, Jens; Sun, Jiachen; Teilmann, Jonas; Therkildsen, Ole Roland; Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg; Tjørnløv, Rune Skjold; Wilson, Simon & Eulaers, Igor (2021). A risk assessment of the effects of mercury on Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea and North Atlantic wildlife, fish and bivalves. Environment International.  ISSN 0160-4120.  146(106178) . doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106178 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using novel risk thresholds based on literature and de novo contamination data. The main geographic focus is on the Baltic Sea, while data from the same species in adjacent waters, such as the Greater North Sea and North Atlantic, were included for comparative purposes. For marine mammals, 23% of the groups, each composing individuals of a specific sex and maturity from the same species in a specific study region, showed Hg-concentrations within the High Risk Category (HRC) and Severe Risk Category (SRC). The corresponding percentages for seabirds, fish and bivalves were 2.7%, 25% and 8.0%, respectively, although fish and bivalves were not represented in the SRC.

• Ruus, Anders; Allan, Ian; Bæk, Kine & Borgå, Katrine (2021). Partitioning of persistent hydrophobic contaminants to different storage lipid classes. Chemosphere.  ISSN 0045-6535.  263 . doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127890 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Lipids generally represent the major matrix contributing to the absorptive capacity for hydrophobic organic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to determine whether contaminants partition to a different degree to the different storage lipid classes: wax ester (WE) and triacylglycerol (TAG). This was undertaken by studying experimentally the partitioning of organochlorine compounds between lipids (WE or TAG) and silicone rubber phase. Our results indicate that hydrophobic compounds have a slightly higher affinity for WE than for TAG. The findings thus corroborate earlier suggestions that contaminants accumulate to a greater extent in food webs with a higher reliance of on WE, such as in the Arctic. This knowledge is of interest since it implies that possible changes in planktonic community species composition, and thereby possible changes in the lipid composition, may have consequences for accumulation of hydrophobic contaminants in apex predators. However, the magnitude of these consequences remains unknown, and there may well be other factors of importance for previously observed higher accumulation of contaminants in Arctic systems. Thus, we have here identified aspects regarding partitioning of contaminants to lipids that need further scrutiny, and there is a need for further quantitative estimates of the suggested difference in absorptive capacities for hydrophobic contaminants between WE and TAG.

• Kamenova, Stefaniya (2021). DNA metabarcoding diet analysis reveals dynamic feeding behaviour and biological control potential of carabid farmland communities. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.
• Climent, Estela; Gotor, Raul; Tobias, Charlie; Bell, Jeremy; Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria & Rurack, Knut (2020). Dip Sticks Embedding Molecular Beacon-functionalized Core Mesoporous Shell Particles for the Rapid on-site Detection of Microbiological Fuel Contamination. ACS Sensors.  ISSN 2379-3694. . doi: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01178 Vis sammendrag

  Microbial contamination of fuels by fungi and bacteria presents risks of corrosion and fuel system fouling. In this work, a rapid test for the determination of microbial genomic DNA from aqueous fuel extracts is presented. It combines test strips coated with polystyrene core/mesoporous silica shell particles, to the surface of which modified fluorescent molecular beacons are covalently grafted, with a smartphone detection system. In the hairpin loop, the beacons incorporate a target sequence highly conserved in all bacteria, corresponding to a fragment of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, which is also present to a significant extent in the 18S rRNA gene of fungi, allowing for broadband microbial detection. In the developed assay, the presence of genomic DNA extracts from bacteria and fungi down to ca. 20–50 μg L–1 induced a distinct fluorescence response. The optical read-out was adapted for on-site monitoring by combining a 3D-printed case with a conventional smartphone, taking advantage of the sensitivity of contemporary complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detectors. Such an embedded assembly allowed to detect microbial genomic DNA in aqueous extracts down to ca. 0.2–0.7 mg L–1 and presents an important step toward the on-site uncovering of fuel contamination in a rapid and simple fashion.

• Anderson, Thomas R.; Raubenheimer, David; Hessen, Dag Olav; Jensen, Kim; Gentleman, Wendy C. & Mayor, Daniel J. (2020). Geometric Stoichiometry: Unifying Concepts of Animal Nutrition to Understand How Protein-Rich Diets Can Be “Too Much of a Good Thing”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2296-701X.  8, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00196
• Barreto, A.; Carvalho, A.; Silva, D.; Pinto, E.; Almeida, A.; Paíga, P.; Correira-Sád, L.; Delerue-Matos, C.; Trindade, T.; Soares, A.M.V.M.; Hylland, Ketil; Loureiro, S. & Oliveira, M. (2020). Effects of single and combined exposures of gold (nano versus ionic form) and gemfibrozil in a liver organ culture of Sparus aurata. Marine Pollution Bulletin.  ISSN 0025-326X.  160, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111665
• Seierstad, Kristian S.; Fossdal, Renate Myking; Miettinen, Otto; Carlsen, Tor; Skrede, Inger & Kauserud, Håvard (2020). Contrasting genetic structuring in the closely related basidiomycetes Trichaptum abietinum and Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (Hymenochaetales). Fungal Biology.  ISSN 1878-6146.  125(4), s 269- 275 . doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.001
• Buccino, Alessio Paolo; Hurwitz, Cole Lincoln; Garcia, Samuel; Magland, Jeremy; Siegle, Joshua H.; Hurwitz, Roger & Hennig, Matthias H. (2020). SpikeInterface, a unified framework for spike sorting. eLIFE.  ISSN 2050-084X.  9, s 1- 24 . doi: 10.7554/eLife.61834
• Magland, Jeremy; Jun, James J.; Lovero, Elizabeth; Morley, Alexander J.; Hurwitz, Cole Lincoln; Buccino, Alessio Paolo; Garcia, Samuel & Barnett, Alex H. (2020). Spikeforest, reproducible web-facing ground-truth validation of automated neural spike sorters. eLIFE.  ISSN 2050-084X.  9, s 1- 22 . doi: 10.7554/eLife.55167
• Sadykova, Dinara; Scott, Beth E.; De Dominicis, Michela; Wakelin, Sarah L.; Wolf, Judith & Sadykov, Alexander (2020). Ecological costs of climate change on marine predator–prey population distributions by 2050. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10(2), s 1069- 1086 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.5973
• Kumar, Suresh; Jain, Ashish; Choi, Seong Won; da Silva, Gustavo Peixoto Duarte; Allers, Lee; Mudd, Michal H.; Peters, Ryan Scott; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Rusten, Tor Erik; Lazarou, Michael & Deretic, Vojo (2020). Mammalian Atg8-family proteins are upstream regulators of the lysosomalsystem by controlling MTOR and TFEB. Autophagy.  ISSN 1554-8627.  16(12), s 2305- 2306 . doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1837423
• Sjøberg, Mari; Gregers, Tone Fredsvik; Ødegaard, Marianne & Tsigaridas, Kristin Glørstad (2020). Biologilæreres kryssing av kulturgrenser– fra en naturvitenskapelig kultur til en skolekultur. Nordic Studies in Science Education.  ISSN 1504-4556.  16(1), s 52- 66 . doi: 10.5617/nordina.6518
• Iannella, Nicolangelo Libero & Condemine, Michel (2020). Neurons and Plasticity: What Do Glial Cells Have to Do with This?, In Vassiliy Tsytsarev; Vicky Yamamoto & Ning Zhong (ed.),  Functional Brain Mapping: Methods and Aims.  Springer Nature.  ISBN 978-981-15-6882-4.  Chapter.  s 13 - 46
• Villanger, Gro Dehli; Øvrevik, Johan; Aase, Heidi & Myhre, Oddvar (2020). Early-Life Environmental Toxic Influences on Neural Development, In Yankai Xia (ed.),  Early-life Environmental Exposure and Disease.  Springer.  ISBN 978-981-15-3796-7.  Kapittel.  s 141 - 159
• Morgado, Luis & Geml, József (2020). Modifications of Community Structure in Ectomycorrhizal Arctic Fungi as a Consequence of Global Warming, In Jesús Pérez-Moreno; Alexis Guerin-Laguette; Roberto Flores Arzú & Fu-Qiang Yu (ed.),  Mushrooms, Humans and Nature in a Changing World.  Springer.  ISBN 978-3-030-37377-1.  Chapter 16.  s 451 - 472
• Lobie, Tekle Airgecho; Delkaso, Dereje Tesfaye & Abrham, Aklilu (2020). A narrative synthesis on COVID-19 risks and concerns in developing countries: The case of Ethiopia. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology.  ISSN 2141-2316.  12(2), s 86- 97 . doi: 10.5897/JPHE2020.1221
• Pilla, Rachel M.; Williamson, Craig E.; Adamovich, Boris V.; Adrian, Rita; Anneville, Orlane; Chandra, Sudeep; Colom-Montero, William; Devlin, Shawn P.; Dix, Margaret A.; Dokulil, Martin T.; Gaiser, Evelyn E.; Girdner, Scott F.; Hambright, K. David; Hamilton, David P.; Havens, Karl; Hessen, Dag Olav; Higgins, Scott N.; Huttula, Timo H.; Huuskonen, Hannu; Isles, Peter D. F.; Joehnk, Klaus D.; Jones, Ian D.; Keller, Wendel Bill; Knoll, Lesley B.; Korhonen, Johanna; Kraemer, Benjamin M.; Leavitt, Peter R.; Lepori, Fabio; Luger, Martin S.; Maberly, Stephen C.; Melack, John M.; Melles, Stephanie J.; Müller-Navarra, Dörthe C.; Pierson, Don C.; Pislegina, Helen V.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Richardson, David C.; Rimmer, Alon; Rogora, Michela; Rusak, James A.; Sadro, Steven; Salmaso, Nico; Saros, Jasmine E.; Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie; Schindler, Daniel E.; Schmid, Martin; Shimaraeva, Svetlana V.; Silow, Eugene A.; Sitoki, Lewis M.; Sommaruga, Ruben; Straile, Dietmar; Strock, Kristin E.; Thiery, Wim; Timofeyev, Maxim A.; Verburg, Piet; Vinebrooke, Rolf D.; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. & Zadereev, Egor (2020). Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10, s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76873-x
• Franeck, Franziska & Liow, Lee Hsiang (2020). Did hard substrate taxa diversify prior to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event?. Palaeontology.  ISSN 0031-0239.  63(4), s 675- 687 . doi: 10.1111/pala.12489
• Greenway, Ryan; Barts, Nick; Henpita, Chathurika; Brown, Anthony P.; Rodriguez, Lenin Arias; Rodríguez Peña, Carlos M.; Arndt, Sabine; Lau, Gigi Yik Chee; Murphy, Michael P.; Wu, Lei; Lin, Dingbo; Shaw, Jennifer H.; Kelley, Joanna L. & Tobler, Michael (2020). Convergent evolution of conserved mitochondrial pathways underlies repeated adaptation to extreme environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(28), s 16424- 16430 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004223117
• Persiconi, Irene; Cosmi, Francesca; Guadagno, Noemi Antonella; Lupo, Giuseppe & De Stefano, Maria Egle (2020). Dystrophin Is Required for the Proper Timing in Retinal Histogenesis: A Thorough Investigation on the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Frontiers in Neuroscience.  ISSN 1662-4548.  14, s 1- 27 . doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00760
• Byholm, Patrik; Gunko, Ruslan; Riera, Daniel Burgas & Karell, Patrik (2020). Losing your home: temporal changes in forest landscape structure due to timber harvest accelerate Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nest stand losses. Ornis Fennica.  ISSN 0030-5685.  97, s 1- 11
• da Costa Carneiro, Diana Elisa; Czirják, Gábor Árpád & Rowe, Melissah (2020). Innate and adaptive immune proteins in the preen gland secretions of male house sparrows. Journal of Avian Biology.  ISSN 0908-8857.  51(11), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1111/jav.02556
• Hernandez-Aguilar, Raquel Adriana & Reitan, Trond (2020). Deciding Where to Sleep: Spatial Levels of Nesting Selection in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Living in Savanna at Issa, Tanzania. International Journal of Primatology.  ISSN 0164-0291.  41, s 870- 900 . doi: 10.1007/s10764-020-00186-z
• Luo, Tian-Tong; Zhu, Jian-Long; Reitan, Trond & Yedid, Gabriel (2020). Alteration of (FrequencyDependent) Fitness in Time-Shift Experiments Reveals Cryptic Coevolution and Uncoordinated Stasis in a Virtual Jurassic Park. Artificial Life.  ISSN 1064-5462.  26(2), s 196- 216 . doi: 10.1162/artl_a_00305
• Sowersby, Will; Lehtonen, Topi K.; Ravinet, Mark; Barluenga, Marta & Wong, Bob B. M. (2020). Resource trait specialisation in an introduced fish population with reduced genetic diversity. Biological Invasions.  ISSN 1387-3547.  22, s 2447- 2460 . doi: 10.1007/s10530-020-02264-y
• Mirza, M. Usman; Richter, Andries Peter; van Nes, Egbert H. & Scheffer, Marten (2020). Institutions and inequality interplay shapes the impact of economic growth on biodiversity loss. Ecology & society.  ISSN 1708-3087.  25(4), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.5751/ES-12078-250439
• Lin, Bing; Foxfoot, Iris R.; Miller, Carrie M.; Venkatamaran, Vivek V.; Kerby, Jeffrey T.; Bechtold, Emily K.; Kellogg, Bryce S.; Nguyen, Nga & Fashing, Peter (2020). Leopard predation on gelada monkeys at Guassa, Ethiopia. American Journal of Primatology.  ISSN 0275-2565.  82(2), s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1002/ajp.23098
• Liow, Lee Hsiang & Gordon, Dennis P. (2020). New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa.  ISSN 1175-5326.  4895(3), s 301- 331 . doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
• DeSilva, Jeremy M. & Grabowski, Mark Walter (2020). Femur, In Bernhard Zipfel; Brian G. Richmond & Carol V. Ward (ed.),  Hominin Postcranial Remains from Sterkfontein, South Africa, 1936-1995.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 9780197507667.  12.  s 210 - 229
• Wang, Rong; Shi, Chunlin; Wang, Xiaoyang; Li, Ruizhen; Meng, Yan; Cheng, Lina; Qi, Mingfang; Xu, Tao & Li, Tianlai (2020). Tomato SlIDA has a critical role in tomato fertilization by modifying reactive oxygen species homeostasis. The Plant Journal.  ISSN 0960-7412.  103(6), s 2100- 2118 . doi: 10.1111/tpj.14886
• Ioannidis, Alexander G.; Blanco-Portillo, Javier; Sandoval, Karla; Hagelberg, Erika; Miquel-Poblete, Juan Francisco; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Juan Esteban; Quinto-Cortés, Consuelo D.; Auckland, Kathryn; Parks, Tom; Robson, Kathryn; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Avila-Arcos, María C.; Sockell, Alexandra; Homburger, Julian R.; Wojcik, Genevieve L.; Barnes, Kathleen C.; Herrera, Luisa; Berríos, Soledad; Acuña, Mónica; Llop, Elena; Eng, Celeste; Huntsman, Scott; Burchard, Esteban G.; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Cifuentes, Lucía; Verdugo, Ricardo A.; Moraga, Mauricio; Mentzer, Alexander J.; Bustamante, Carlos D. & Moreno-Estrada, Andrés (2020). Native American gene flow into Polynesia predating Easter Island settlement. Nature.  ISSN 0028-0836.  583(7817), s 572- 577 . doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2487-2
• Vallès, Xavier; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Demeure, Christian; Horby, Peter; Mead, Paul; Cabanillas, Oswaldo; Ratsitorahina, Mahery; Rajerison, Minoarisoa; Andrianaivoarimanana, Voahangy; Ramasindrazana, Beza; Pizarro-Cerdá, Javier; Scholz, Holger C.; Girod, Romain; Hinnebusch, B. Joseph; Vigan-Womas, Ines; Fontanet, Arnaud; Wagner, David M.; Telfer, Sandra; Yazdanpanah, Yazdan; Tortosa, Pablo; Carrara, Guia; Deuve, Jane; Belmain, Steven R.; D’Ortenzio, Eric & Baril, Laurence (2020). Human plague: An old scourge that needs new answers. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.  ISSN 1935-2727.  14(8) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008251 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lu, Yonglong; Yang, Yifu; Sun, Bin; Jingjing, Yuan; Yu, Minzhao; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Bullock, James M. & Obersteiner, Michael (2020). Spatial variation in biodiversity loss across China under multiple environmental stressors. Science Advances.  ISSN 2375-2548.  6(47), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0952
• Fedorov, Vadim B.; Trucchi, Emiliano; Goropashnaya, Anna V.; Waltari, Eric; Whidden, Susan Erin & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Impact of past climate warming on genomic diversity and demographic history of collared lemmings across the Eurasian Arctic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(6), s 3026- 3033 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1913596117
• Easterday, William Ryan; Ponciano, José Miguel; Gomez, Juan Pablo; Van Ert, Matthew N.; Hadfield, Ted; Bagamian, Karoun; Blackburn, Jason K.; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Turner, Wendy C. (2020). Coalescence modeling of intrainfection Bacillus anthracis populations allows estimation of infection parameters in wild populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(8), s 4273- 4280 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1920790117 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Stöber, Tristan Manfred; Lehr, Andrew B; Hafting, Torkel; Kumar, Arvind & Fyhn, Marianne (2020). Selective neuromodulation and mutual inhibition within the CA3-CA2 system can prioritize sequences for replay. Hippocampus.  ISSN 1050-9631. . doi: 10.1002/hipo.23256 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Claireaux, Marion; dos Santos Schmidt, Thassya Christina; Olsen, Esben Moland; Slotte, Aril; Varpe, Øystein; Heino, Mikko Petteri & Enberg, Katja (2020). Eight decades of adaptive changes in herring reproductive investment: the joint effect of environment and exploitation. ICES Journal of Marine Science.  ISSN 1054-3139.  s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa123 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Reproductive investment is a central trait for population dynamics and productivity. Fishing and environmental variations are major drivers affecting population structure, dynamics, and adaptation of life-history and behavioural traits. However, those factors are often considered independently, and few studies take into account their joint effect. In this study, we investigate the contribution of environment, fishing pressure, and intra-specific competition to variation in the reproductive investment of the Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus), a stock that has been fished for centuries, and monitored for decades. Reproductive investment and post-spawning weight were affected differently by growth rate (measured as mean age-at-length), sea surface temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation, and spawning stock biomass in periods with no fishing, unselective fishing, and low but size-selective fishing. We hypothesize that those changes can be explained by direct effects of exploitation such as age truncation and changes in migration patterns. Our results highlight how fishing, by affecting population-level dynamics, can modify the impact of environmental variations on life-history traits. Clupea harengus, environmental variation, fishing, Norwegian spring-spawning herring, trade-offs

• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Hindar, Kjetil; Hole, Lars Robert; Järnegren, Johanna; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak; Velle, Gaute & Nielsen, Anders (2020). Status and trade assessment of parrots listed in CITES Appendix I. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and trade in endangered species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020(15), s 1- 129 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Key words: Psittaciformes, CITES, Appendix I parrots, Status and trade assessment, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Environment Agency, VKM Background: Parrots are one of the most species-rich groups of birds of which the majority inhabits tropical and subtropical forests. Nearly one-third of parrots are threatened with extinction (IUCN categories CR, EN or VU) and more than half of the world’s parrot species are assumed to be decreasing in numbers. Parrots are popular pets on all continents, mainly due to their colourful feathers, their capacity to mimic the human voice, and their tolerance to life in captivity. More than 250 species have been traded internationally. Since the inception of CITES in 1975, trade of about 12 million live wild-sourced parrots has been registered. Currently, 55 parrot species are listed on CITES Appendix I (Norwegian CITES regulation list A) that includes the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants. In compliance with CITES, Norway only permits import for commercial purposes of Appendix I listed parrots bred in captivity in operations included in the Secretariat's Register (Resolution Conf. 12.10 (Rev. CoP15). Presently, 9 of the Appendix I parrot species are bred in such facilities. Import of Appendix I species to Norway requires permits both from the exporter’s CITES authority and the Norwegian Environment Agency (Norwegian CITES Management Authority). All legal transactions of CITES Appendix I listed species should be recorded in the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) Trade Database. However, discrepancies are common, demonstrating that the trade monitoring is not accurate. Moreover, several studies suggest that regardless of efforts to regulate trade, the global conservation situation for parrots may be worse than estimated by the IUCN species statuses. Even though habitat loss is the main threat to most parrot species, it has been suggested that priority should be given to conservation actions aimed at reducing the illegal capture of wild parrots for the pet trade. As Norway’s CITES Scientific Authority, the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) was assigned by the Norwegian Environment Agency to assess the status of populations and trade for Appendix I parrot species. Methods: As different trade patterns are typical for different geographic regions, the species were initially divided into three groups: Africa, Australasia and Central and South America. For species with commercial trade registered in the UNEP-WCMC trade database after year 2010 a full assessment was made. In addition, two species for which negative impact from illegal trade is suspected were also fully assessed. The assessments are based on the Norwegian Cites Regulation and Article III of the Convention and Resolution 16.7(Rev.CoP17). Information on the parrot species assessed in this report were gathered from the text accounts published by BirdLife International and Birds of the World as well as literature cited in the text. Results: VKM undertook full assessments of the population status and trade for 26 of the 55 CITES Appendix I species. The species assessments are presented as fact sheets. They each contain a brief summary of the species’ biology (name, taxonomy, distribution, life history, habitat and role in ecosystem), populations and trends, threats and conservation status, population surveillance and regulations, evaluation of legal/illegal trapping and trade, overall assessment of data quality and references. We found that the quantity, as well as quality, of the information available for the Appendix I parrot species varied much. This was the case for data on general biology, population size and trends and levels of illegal trade. For all of the 23 of species for which commercial trade was registered since 2010 in the UNEP-WCMC trade database discrepancies ........

• Thomsen, Iben M.; Kauserud, Håvard; Krokene, Paal; Nicolaisen, Mogens; Wendell, Per Hans Micael; Alsanius, Beatrix; Magnusson, Christer; Stenberg, Johan A.; Wright, Sandra A .I. & Rafoss, Trond (2020). Risk assessment of six commercial mycorrhizal products. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020(9), s 1- 55 Vis sammendrag

  Key words: VKM, risk assessment, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Environment Agency, mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza is a beneficial association between plant roots and fungi. This mutualistic symbiosis is essential for plant growth in most natural terrestrial ecosystems and in agriculture. Commercial mycorrhizal products containing fungi and bacteria may promote plant growth, especially on sites without a natural microbial community. Due to the risk of unintended negative effects, introduction of new species or genetically different isolates of native species should always be considered carefully. This report assesses the risk of establishment and spread of six fungal species and six bacterial species included in different commercial mycorrhizal products, as well as the species’ potential impact on Norwegian biodiversity. Most of the evaluated fungi and bacteria are probably present in Norway, even though presence at present data only exist for two of the six fungal species. Establishment of the assessed fungi on the plants and sites where they are applied is considered moderately likely, with medium uncertainty, while establishment of the bacterial species is considered to range from very unlikely to very likely depending on the bacterial group, with low uncertainty. The probability of spread to the wider environment ranges from unlikely (four fungal species), to moderately likely (two fungal species), to very likely (five of the six bacterial species). However, for all species it is considered unlikely that establishment and spread would have negative effects on other native species, habitats and ecosystems in Norway.

• Benth, Fred Espen; Eikeset, Anne Maria; Levin, Simon A. & Ren, Wanjuan (2020). Analysis of the risk premium in the forward market for salmon. Journal of Commodity Markets.  ISSN 2405-8513.  s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1016/j.jcomm.2019.100122 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Hole, Lars Robert; Hindar, Kjetil; Järnegren, Johanna; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Nielsen, Anders; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak & Velle, Gaute (2020). A CITES risk assessment for polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Opinion of the Panel on alien organisms and trade in endangered species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020(06), s 1- 85 Vis sammendrag

  Key words: Ursus maritimus, CITES, polar bear, Non-Detriment Finding, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Environment Agency, VKM Background: Canada is the only nation in the world that allows commercial export of polar bear products harvested from its own wild populations. Norway is among the destinations for exported material. Polar bears are listed on CITES appendix II and on list B of the Norwegian CITES Regulation. Import of harvested polar bears to Norway requires both export permits from the Canadian CITES authorities and import permits from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Consequently, a Non-Detriment Finding (NDF) is mandated and was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Norwegian Management Authority for CITES) to the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) (Norway’s CITES Scientific Authority). The NDF is a scientific risk assessment evaluating whether or not international trade can be detrimental to the survival of polar bears. The risk assessment may also be used by the Norwegian Environment Agency to assess whether the polar bears should be placed on Norwegian CITES list A. Currently, the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) recognizes 19 subpopulations of polar bears in the circumpolar Arctic, of which 13 reside wholly (9) or partly (4) in Canada. Together, these 13 populations account for about two thirds of the world’s total polar bear population. This risk assessment considers the populations that are within the hunting areas. Methods: VKM has reviewed current knowledge about polar bear biological characteristics, population status and trends in subpopulations. Scenarios for the future development of the Arctic environment, to which the species is inextricably adapted, are presented. Habitat loss due to declining sea ice is widely recognized as the main threat to polar bears, and this, as well as other obstacles to the species survival, has been evaluated. The various legislations, regulations and monitoring regimes of the range countries are briefly summarised. Moreover, international trade in polar bear products has been analysed. VKM has further undertaken an assessment of data quality and uncertainties. In order to gain access to the most recent information on polar bear biology and management, four scientists from the PBSG were interviewed and the transcripts of the interviews (with consent from the hearing experts) are attached to this report. Results: The best scientific knowledge available for polar bears in Canada suggests that four subpopulations are in decline, two are stable, and one is increasing, while the population trends for the remaining subpopulations are unknown. Noteworthy, all the estimates of population size are highly uncertain. Survey methods also changed between the 2008 and 2018 population estimates used for quota setting. Moreover, data are in most areas collected too infrequently to detect rapid changes in population size. Particularly, under changing environmental conditions. The prognosis for the Arctic marine environment points towards continuing habitat loss and inevitably further decline for the polar bear population. Analyses of data from the CITES trade database reveal a dynamic international market for polar bear products with significant changes in destination countries and the purpose for transactions. The United States was the main importer of polar bear products, mainly hunting trophies, until listing the polar bear as a threatened species in 2008. In more recent years, China has become the major importer, with hides being the preferred product. Simultaneously with these changes, there has been a significant increase in the price of polar bear hides. Conclusion: Several polar bear subpopulations are in decline. Predictions of continuing habitat loss points to further decline. While not the main threat to polar bear survival, international trade .......

• Hindar, Kjetil; Hole, Lars Robert; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Malmstrøm, Martin; Rimstad, Espen; Robertson, Lucy; Sandlund, Odd Terje; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak; Vollset, Knut; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Järnegren, Johanna; Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Nielsen, Anders & Velle, Gaute (2020). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity and aquaculture from pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020(01), s 1- 157 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Key words: VKM, risk assessment, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Environment Agency, Norwegian Food Safety Authority Introduction: The Norwegian Environment Agency and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment to assess the risk to Norwegian biodiversity, to the productivity of native salmonid populations, and to aquaculture, from the spread and establishment of pink salmon in Norwegian rivers, and to assess mitigation measures to prevent the spread and establishment of this alien species. Pink salmon is native to rivers around the northern Pacific Ocean. The species usually has a strict two-year life cycle, with populations spawning in even and odd years being genetically isolated. Fertilized eggs of pink salmon were transferred from Sakhalin Island to Northwest Russia in the late 1950s, and fry were released in rivers draining to the White Sea. The first abundant return to rivers in Northwest Russia, as well as to Norway and other countries in northwestern Europe, was recorded in 1960. Stocking with fish from Sakhalin was terminated in 1979. By then, no self-sustaining populations had been established. From 1985 onwards, stocking in White Sea rivers was resumed with fish from rivers in the more northerly Magadan oblast on the Russian Pacific, resulting in the establishment of reproducing populations. Stocking was continued until 1999, when the last batch of evenyear fertilized eggs was imported, and the fry released in spring 2000. Thus, all pink salmon caught after 2001 in the Northeast Atlantic and the Atlantic side of the Arctic Ocean including the Barents Sea, as well as in rivers draining into these seas, are the result of reproduction in the wild. Pink salmon is now established with abundant and increasing stocks in Northwest Russia and regular occurrence in rivers in eastern Finnmark. Catches of odd-year adult pink salmon in Northwest Russia were usually below 100 tonnes before 2001 and increased to an annual average of 220.5 tonnes during the period 2001-2017. Even-year returns are smaller than odd-year returns both in Northwest Russia and in Norway. The number of pink salmon recorded in Norwegian rivers peaked in 2017, with a high number of fish in eastern Finnmark, and substantial numbers recorded in rivers all along the coast of Norway and in other European countries. In 2019, the area with abundant returns expanded in comparison with 2017, to include rivers in western Finnmark and Troms. The recorded numbers were perhaps lower in southern Norway in 2017 than in 2019 (full statistics not available when this report was finalised), but also in southern Norway there were more pink salmon in 2019 than in any year before 2017. The large numbers of pink salmon in western Finnmark and Troms in 2019 may indicate an expansion of the area in Norway with abundant odd-year pink salmon returns. In some small rivers in eastern Finnmark, between 1000 and 1500 pink salmon were fished out by local people in 2019, demonstrating the magnitude of the potential impact in terms of numbers of pink salmon. We cannot rule out that this will not happen over larger parts of Norway in the coming years. The even-year strain of pink salmon only occurs in low numbers in Russian rivers, as well as Norwegian, rivers. Adult pink salmon enter the rivers from early July, and spawning occurs in AugustSeptember. Spawning habitat requirements are like those of native salmonids: Atlantic salmon, brown trout, and Arctic charr. Spawning of pink salmon occurs earlier than the native salmonids, but observations in 2019 indicate a possible overlap with native salmonids in September in northern Norway. . Pink salmon eggs hatch in late winter or spring, and the alevins remain in the gravel until most of the yolk sac has been resorbed. Emerging fry are approximately 30 mm in length. ...................

• Herzig, Volker; Sunagar, Kartik; Wilson, David T. R.; Pineda, Sandy S.; Israel, Mathilde R.; Dutertre, Sebastien; McFarland, Brianna Sollod; Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste; Hodgson, Wayne C; Alewood, Paul F.; Lewis, Richard J.; Bosmans, Frank; Vetter, Irina; King, Glenn F. & Fry, Bryan G. (2020). Australian funnel-web spiders evolved human-lethal δ-hexatoxins for defense against vertebrate predators. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(40), s 24920- 24928 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004516117
• Johansson, Maria; Mysterud, Atle & Flykt, Anders (2020). Livestock owners’ worry and fear of tick‑borne diseases. Parasites & Vectors.  ISSN 1756-3305.  13(331) . doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04162-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mysterud, Atle; Strand, Olav & Rolandsen, Christer Moe (2020). Embracing fragmentation to save reindeer from disease. Conservation Science and Practice (CSP).  ISSN 2578-4854.  2, s 1- 4 . doi: 10.1111/csp2.244 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Space demanding mammalian species, such as reindeer, are in decline worldwide due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Policy to restore connectivity of reindeer habitat is now put to an abrupt halt in several areas because of an outbreak of Chronic Wasting Disease in Norway, and replaced with deliberate fragmentation of the landscape by enhancing barrier effects of linear structures.

• Büntgen, Ulf; González-Rouco, J. Fidel; Luterbacher, Jürg; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Johnson, Derek M. (2020). Extending the climatological concept of ‘Detection and Attribution’ to global change ecology in the Anthropocene. Functional Ecology.  ISSN 0269-8463.  34(11), s 2270- 2282 . doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13647 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mahmoudi, Ahmad; Kryštufek, Boris; Sludsky, Alexander; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; De Almeida, Alzira M. P.; Lei, Xu; Ramasindrazana, Beza; Bertherat, Eric; Yeszhanov, Aidyn; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Mostafavi, Ehsan (2020). Plague reservoir species throughout the world. Integrative Zoology.  ISSN 1749-4869.  s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12511
• Bjerregaard-Andersen, Kaare; Johannesen, Hedda; Abraha, Fana; Šakanović, Aleksandra; Grosser, Daniel; Coskun, Ünal; Anderluh, Gregor; Oscarson, Stefan; Moreno, Ernesto; Grzybek, Michal & Krengel, Ute (2020). Insight into glycosphingolipid crypticity: Crystal structure of the anti-1tumor antibody 14F7 and recognition of NeuGc GM3 ganglioside. BioRxiv.  ISSN 0362-4331. . doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.18.294777
• Kumar, Suresh; Jain, Ashish; Choi, Seong Won; da Silva, Gustavo Peixoto Duarte; Allers, Lee; Mudd, Michal H.; Peters, Ryan; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Rusten, Tor Erik; Lazarou, Michael & Deretic, Vojo (2020). Mammalian Atg8 proteins and the autophagy factor IRGM control mTOR and TFEB at a regulatory node critical for responses to pathogens. Nature Cell Biology.  ISSN 1465-7392.  22(8), s 973- 985 . doi: 10.1038/s41556-020-0549-1
• Wasteson, Yngvild; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Joner, Erik; Madslien, Elisabeth Henie; Ottoson, Jakob; Sørum, Henning; Uhl, Wolfgang; Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour; Bergh, Øivind; Eklo, Ole Martin; Nielsen, Kaare Magne & Trosvik, Pål (2020). Assessment of the impact of wastewater and sewage sludge treatment methods on antimicrobial resistance. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Microbial Ecology of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020(8), s 1- 159 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The request from NFSA and NEA: Antimicrobial agents and microorganisms are introduced to sewage systems by different human activities, from private homes, institutions such as schools and hospitals, office buildings, industrial and commercial activities, i.e., from everywhere where people work and live. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø, VKM) for an extension of the 2009 VKM report “Risk assessment of contaminants in sewage sludge applied on Norwegian soils” regarding the impact of wastewater (WW)- and sewage sludge treatment methods used in Norway, on the fate and survival of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, fate of antimicrobial resistance genes, and main drivers for resistance (e.g. antibiotics, antifungal agents, heavy metals, disinfectants). The request addressed by VKM: VKM appointed a working group, consisting of three members of the Panel on Microbial Ecology, four external members and VKM staff to prepare a draft Opinion document. The Panel on Microbial Ecology has reviewed and revised the draft prepared by the working group and approved the Opinion document “Assessment of the impact of wastewater and sewage sludge treatment methods on antimicrobial resistance”. The antimicrobial resistance cycle: Exposure to antimicrobial agents is regarded as the most important driver for development and dissemination of AMR in microorganisms. Consequently, an important location for the development of AMR is the gut of humans or animals receiving antimicrobial drug therapy. As ARB, ARG, resistance genes and antimicrobial agents will end up in the WW system, this system could be regarded as a potential hot spot for interactions between different microorganisms, between different antimicrobial agents, and between microorganisms and antimicrobial agents. Hospitals and pharmaceutical companies are regarded as being an important source for antimicrobial drug residues released in WW. At the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), bacteria and genes end up either in the effluent wastewater fraction or in the sludge fraction. When ARB and ARG are distributed with the WW sludge, they may reach arable land when the sludge is used as soil improver and fertilising product, and thus be recycled into the food-production chain. When following the effluent WW fraction, ARB and ARB will be released into WW recipients, such as lakes, rivers or fjords, and may, from these environments, also be recycled into food production. In each step of these cycles, ARB and ARG will be introduced into new environmental compartments to which they must adapt, and to microbial communities with which they must compete for survival and growth. Depending on the bacterial species, these new environmental compartments will be more or less hostile, but they will also provide opportunities for microbial interactions, like dissemination of ARG due to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) within and between bacterial species. Findings: It is challenging to deliver a general assessment of the nature of as well as the probability for direct discharge of ARB and ARG into effluent WW and applied sludge. This is due to the combined complexity of resistance carriers, traits, various sources of variation, and the WW systems. Moreover, there is currently a lack of harmonized methods and protocols to compare studies from different systems. However, there are no strong indications that there is a significant enrichment of ARB in WWTP operated under European conditions, which, on a general level, also applies to the Norwegian situation. Although some studies indicate a slight increase in the fraction of ARB, the absolute reduction in bacterial load during WW treatment (WWT) is significant; removal of between 99 % to 99.9 % of faecal indicator bacteria is generally achieved by secondary .......

• Chow, Chun Yuen; Chin, Yanni K. Y.; Ma, Linlin; Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste & Herzig, Volker (2020). A selective NaV1.1 activator with potential for treatment of Dravet syndrome epilepsy. Biochemical Pharmacology.  ISSN 0006-2952.  181, s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113991
• Stonyte, Vilte; Martîn, Ruth Martîn; Segura-Pena, Dario; Sekulic, Nikolina & Lopez Aviles, Sandra (2020). Requirement of PP2A-B56 Par1 for the Stabilization of the CDK Inhibitor Rum1 and Activation of APC/C Ste9 during Pre-Start G1 in S. pombe. iScience.  ISSN 2589-0042.  23(5) . doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101063 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Exit from the cell cycle during the establishment of quiescence and upon cell differentiation requires the sustained inactivation of CDK complexes. Fission yeast cells deprived of nitrogen halt cell cycle progression in pre-Start G1, before becoming quiescent or undergoing sexual differentiation. The CDK inhibitor Rum1 and the APC/C activator Ste9 are fundamental for this arrest, but both are down-regulated by CDK complexes. Here, we show that PP2A-B56Par1 is instrumental for Rum1 stabilization and Ste9 activation. In the absence of PP2A-B56Par1, cells fail to accumulate Rum1, and this results in persistent CDK activity, Ste9 inactivation, retention of the mitotic cyclin Cdc13, and impaired withdrawal from the cell cycle during nitrogen starvation. Importantly, mutation of a putative B56 interacting motif in Rum1 recapitulates these defects. These results underscore the relevance of CDK-counteracting phosphatases in cell differentiation, establishment of the quiescent state, and escape from it in cancer cells.

• Stenmark, Bianca; Harrison, Odile B.; Eriksson, Lorraine; Anton, Brian P.; Fomenkov, Alexey; Roberts, Richard J.; Tooming-Klunderud, Ave; Bratcher, Holly B.; Bray, James E.; Thulin-Hedberg, Sara; Maiden, Martin C.J. & Mölling, Paula (2020). Complete genome and methylome analysis of Neisseria meningitidis associated with increased serogroup Y disease. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10(1), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59509-y Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Biella, Paolo; Akter, Asma; Ollerton, Jeff; Nielsen, Anders & Klecka, Jan (2020). An empirical attack tolerance test alters the structure and species richness of plant–pollinator networks. Functional Ecology.  ISSN 0269-8463.  34(11), s 2246- 2258 . doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13642 Vis sammendrag

  1. Ecological network theory hypothesizes that the structuring of species interactions can convey stability to the system. Investigating how these structures react to species loss is fundamental for understanding network disassembly or their robustness. However, this topic has mainly been studied in‐silico so far. 2. Here, in an experimental manipulation, we sequentially removed four generalist plants from real plant–pollinator networks. We explored the effects on, and drivers of, species and interaction disappearance, network structure and interaction rewiring. First, we compared both the local extinctions of species and interactions and the observed network indices with those expected from three co‐extinction models. Second, we investigated the trends in network indices and rewiring rate after plant removal and the pollinator tendency at establishing novel links in relation to their proportional visitation to the removed plants. Furthermore, we explored the underlying drivers of network assembly with probability matrices based on ecological traits. 3. Our results indicate that the cumulative local extinctions of species and interactions increased faster with generalist plant loss than what was expected by co‐extinction models, which predicted the survival or disappearance of many species incorrectly, and the observed network indices were lowly correlated to those predicted by co‐extinction models. Furthermore, the real networks reacted in complex ways to plant removal. First, network nestedness decreased and modularity increased. Second, although species abundance was a main assembly rule, opportunistic random interactions and structural unpredictability emerged as plants were removed. Both these reactions could indicate network instability and fragility. Other results showed network reorganization, as rewiring rate was high and asymmetries between network levels emerged as plants increased their centrality. Moreover, the generalist pollinators that had frequently visited both the plants targeted of removal and the non‐target plants tended to establish novel links more than who either had only visited the removal plants or avoided to do so. 4. With the experimental manipulation of real networks, our study shows that despite their reorganizational ability, plant–pollinator networks changed towards a more fragile state when generalist plants are lost.

• Valente, Ana M.; Acevedo, Pelayo; Figueiredo, Ana Manuel; Martins, Raquel; Fonseca, Carlos; Torres, Rita T. & Delibes-Mateos, Miguel (2020). Dear deer? Maybe for now. People's perception on red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations in Portugal. Science of the Total Environment.  ISSN 0048-9697.  748, s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141400
• Dauwalter, D. C.; Duchi, Antonio; Epifanio, John; Gandolfi, Andrea; Gresswell, Robert; Juanes, Francis; Kershner, Jeffrey; Lobon-Cervia, Javier; McGinnity, Philip; Meraner, Andreas; Mikheev, Pavel; Morita, Kentaro; Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Pinter, Kurt; Post, John R.; Unfer, Günther; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Williams, Jack E. (2020). A call for global action to conserve native trout in the 21st century and beyond. Ecology of Freshwater Fish.  ISSN 0906-6691.  29, s 429- 432 . doi: 10.1111/eff.12538
• Cuevas, Angelica; Ravinet, Mark; Sætre, Glenn-Peter & Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice (2020). Intraspecific genomic variation and local adaptation in a young hybrid species. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083.  00, s 791- 809 . doi: 10.1111/mec.15760
• Slagsvold, Tore & Wiebe, Karen (2020). Interspecific aggression and defence of extra nest sites in two species of songbirds. Ethology.  ISSN 0179-1613.  s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1111/eth.13127 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Pape Møller, Anders; Balbontin, Javier; Dhondt, André A.; Adriaensen, Frank; Artemyev, Alexandr; Banbura, Jerzy; Barba, Emilio; Biard, Clotilde; Blondel, Jacques; Bouvier, Jean-Charles; Camprodon, Jordi; Cecere, Francesco; Charter, Motti; Cichon, Mariusz; Cusimano, Camillo; Dubiec, Anna; Doligez, Blandine; Eens, Marcel; Eeva, Tapio; Ferns, Peter N.; Forsman, Jukka T.; Goldshtein, Aya; Goodenough, Anne E.; Gosler, Andrew G.; Gustafsson, Lars; Harnist, Iga; Hartley, Ian R.; Heeb, Philipp; Hinsley, Shelley A.; Jacob, Staffan; Järvinen, Antero; Juškaitis, Rimvydas; Korpimäki, Erkki; Krams, Indrikis; Laaksonen, Toni; Leclercq, Bernard; Lehikoinen, Esa; Loukola, Olli; Mainwaring, Mark C.; Mänd, Raivo; Massa, Bruno; Matthysen, Erik; Mazgajski, Tomasz D.; Merino, Santiago; Mitrus, Cezary; Mönkkönen, Mikko; Nager, Ruedi G.; Nilsson, Jan-Åke; Nilsson, Sven G.; Norte, Ana C.; von Numers, Mikael; Orell, Markku; Pimentel, Carla S.; Pinxten, Rianne; Priedniece, Ilze; Remes, Vladimir; Richner, Heinz; Robles, Hugo; Rytkönen, Seppo; Senar, Juan Carlos; Seppänen, Janne T.; da Silva, Luis P.; Slagsvold, Tore; Solonen, Tapio; Sorace, Alberto; Stenning, Martyn J.; Török, János; Tryjanowski, Piotr; van Noordwijk, Arie J.; Walankiewicz, Wieslaw & Lambrechts, Marcel M. (2020). Interaction of climate change with effects of conspecific and heterospecific density on reproduction. Oikos.  ISSN 0030-1299.  129, s 1807- 1819 . doi: 10.1111/oik.07305
• Loukola, Olli J.; Adamik, Peter; Adriaensen, Frank; Barba, Emilio; Doligez, Blandine; Flensted‐Jensen, Einar; Eeva, Tapio; Kivelä, Sami M.; Laaksonen, Toni; Morosinotto, Chiara; Mänd, Raivo; Niemelä, Petri T.; Remes, Vladimir; Samplonius, Jelmer; Sebastiano, Manrico; Senar, Juan Carlos; Slagsvold, Tore; Sorace, Alberto; Tschirren, Barbara; Török, János & Forsman, Jukka T. (2020). The roles of temperature, nest predators and information parasites for geographical variation in egg covering behaviour of tits (Paridae). Journal of Biogeography.  ISSN 0305-0270.  47, s 1482- 1493 . doi: 10.1111/jbi.13830 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Aasen, Maria & Slagsvold, Tore (2020). No cultural transmission of use of nest materials in titmice Paridae. Animal Behaviour.  ISSN 0003-3472.  170, s 27- 32 . doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.10.005 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mekonnen, Addisu; Fashing, Peter; Bekele, Afework & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Distribution and conservation status of Boutourlini’s blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii), a Vulnerable subspecies endemic to western Ethiopia. Primates.  ISSN 0032-8332.  61, s 785- 796 . doi: 10.1007/s10329-020-00831-4 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Resseguier, Julien; Dalum, Alf Seljenes; Du Pasquier, Louis; Zhang, Yaqing; Koppang, Erling Olaf; Boudinot, Pierre & Wiegertjes, Geert Frits (2020). Lymphoid Tissue in Teleost Gills: Variations on a Theme. Biology (Basel).  ISSN 2079-7737.  9(6) . doi: 10.3390/biology9060127 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  In bony fish, the gill filaments are essential for gas exchanges, but also are vulnerable to infection by water-borne microorganisms. Omnipresent across fish, gill-associated lymphoid tissues (GIALT) regulate interactions with local microbiota and halt infection by pathogens. A special GIALT structure has recently been found in Salmonids, the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT). However, the structural variation of GIALT across bony fish remains largely unknown. Here, we show how this critical zone of interaction evolved across fishes. By labeling a conserved T-cell epitope on tissue sections, we find that several basal groups of teleosts possess typical ILT, while modern teleosts have lymphoepithelium of different shape and size at the base of primary gill filaments. Within Cypriniformes, neither body size variation between two related species, zebrafish and common carp, nor morphotype variation, did have a drastic effect on the structure of ILT. Thereby this study is the first to describe the presence of ILT in zebrafish. The ILT variability across fish orders seems to represent different evolutionary solutions to balancing trade-offs between multiple adaptations of jaws and pharyngeal region, and immune responses. Our data point to a wide structural variation in gill immunity between basal groups and modern teleosts.

• Supraha, Luka & Henderiks, Jorijntje (2020). A 15-million-year-long record of phenotypic evolution in the heavily calcified coccolithophore Helicosphaera and its biogeochemical implications. Biogeosciences.  ISSN 1726-4170.  17, s 2955- 2969 . doi: 10.5194/bg-17-2955-2020 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kilias, Estelle S.; Junges, Leandro; Supraha, Luka; Leonard, Guy; Metfies, Katja & Richards, Thomas A. (2020). Chytrid fungi distribution and co-occurrence with diatoms correlate with sea ice melt in the Arctic Ocean. Communications Biology.  ISSN 2399-3642.  3, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0891-7
• Reimers, Eigil; Eftestøl, Sindre; Alemu, Diress Tsegaye & Granum, Knut (2020). Reindeer fidelity to high quality winter pastures outcompete power line barrier effects. Rangifer.  ISSN 0333-256X.  40(1), s 27- 40 . doi: 10.7557/2.40.1.4968 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kiko, Rainer; Brandt, Peter; Christiansen, Svenja; Faustmann, Jannik; Kriest, Iris; Rodrigues, Elizandro; Schütte, Florian & Hauss, Helena (2020). Zooplankton-mediated fluxes in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Frontiers in Marine Science.  ISSN 2296-7745.  7 . doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00358 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Brett, Jamie O; Arjona, Marina; Ikeda, Mika; Quarta, Marco; de Morree, Antoine; Egner, Ingrid Marie; Perandini, Luiz A.; Ishak, Heather D.; Goshayeshi, Armon; Benjamin, Daniel I.; Both, Pieter; Rodríguez-Mateo, Cristina; Betley, Michael J.; Wyss-Coray, Tony & Rando, Thomas A (2020). Exercise rejuvenates quiescent skeletal muscle stem cells in old mice through restoration of Cyclin D1. Nature Metabolism.  2(4), s 307- 317 . doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-0190-0
• Hoving, Henk-Jan T.; Neitzel, Philipp; Hauss, Helena; Christiansen, Svenja; Kiko, Rainer; Robison, Bruce H.; Silva, Pericles & Körtzinger, Arne (2020). In situ observations show vertical community structure of pelagic fauna in the eastern tropical North Atlantic off Cape Verde. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78255-9 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kluger, Lotta C.; Gorris, Phillipp; Kochalski, Sophia; Mueller, Miriam S. & Romagnoni, Giovanni (2020). Studying human–nature relationships through a network lens: A systematic review. People and Nature.  ISSN 2575-8314. . doi: 10.1002/pan3.10136 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Farina, Simone; Baroli, Maura; Brundu, Roberto; Conforti, Alessandro; Cucco, Andrea; De Falco, Giovanni; Guala, Ivan; Guerzoni, Stefano; Massaro, Giorgio; Quattrocchi, Giovanni; Romagnoni, Giovanni & Brambilla, Walter (2020). The challenge of managing the commercial harvesting of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus: advanced approaches are required. PeerJ.  ISSN 2167-8359.  8, s 1- 27 . doi: 10.7717/peerj.10093 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Porto, Arthur Guimaraes Carvalho & Voje, Kjetil L. (2020). ML‐morph: A fast, accurate and general approach for automated detection and landmarking of biological structures in images. Methods in Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2041-210X.  11(4), s 500- 512 . doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.13373 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Pineda, Sandy S.; Chin, Yanni K. Y.; Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste; Senff, Sebastian; Mobli, Mehdi; Dauly, C.; Escoubas, Pierre; Nicholson, Graham; Kaas, Quentin; Guo, Shaodong; Herzig, Volker; Mattick, John & King, Glenn F. (2020). Structural venomics reveals evolution of a complex venom by duplication and diversification of an ancient peptide-encoding gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(21), s 11399- 11408 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1914536117
• Aili, Samira R.; Touchard, Axel; Hayward, Regan; Robinson, Samuel D.; Pineda, Sandy S.; Lalagüe, Hadrien; Mrinalini, .; Vetter, Irina; Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste; Kini, R. Manjunatha; Escoubas, Pierre; Padula, Matthew P.; Myers, Garry S. A. & Nicholson, Graham M. (2020). An integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the venom complexity of the bullet ant Paraponera clavata. Toxins.  ISSN 2072-6651.  12(5), s 1- 30 . doi: 10.3390/toxins12050324 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Steenbeek, Jeroen; Romagnoni, Giovanni; Bentley, Jacob; Heymans, Johanna J.; Serpetti, Natalia; Goncalves, Magali; Carlos, Santos; Warmelink, Harald; Mayer, Igor; Keijser, Xander; Fairgrieve, Rhona & Abspoel, Lodewijk (2020). Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning. Ecology & society.  ISSN 1708-3087.  25(2), s 1- 24 . doi: 10.5751/ES-11580-250221 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) Challenge simulation platform helps planners and stakeholders understand and manage the complexity of MSP. In the interactive simulation, different data layers covering an entire sea region can be viewed to make an assessment of the current status. Users can create scenarios for future uses of the marine space over a period of several decades. Changes in energy infrastructure, shipping, and the marine environment are then simulated, and the effects are visualized using indicators and heat maps. The platform is built with advanced game technology and uses aspects of role-play to create interactive sessions; it can thus be referred to as serious gaming. To calculate and visualize the effects of planning decisions on the marine ecology, we integrated the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) food web modeling approach into the platform. We demonstrate how EwE was connected to MSP, considering the range of constraints imposed by running scientific software in interactive serious gaming sessions while still providing cascading ecological feedback in response to planning actions. We explored the connection by adapting two published ecological models for use in MSP sessions. We conclude with lessons learned and identify future developments of the simulation platform.

• Sugden, Arthur; Zaremba, Jeffrey; Sugden, Lauren A; Maguire, Kelly; Lutas, Andrew; Ramesh, Rohan; Alturkistani, Osama; Lensjø, Kristian Kinden; Burgess, Christian & Andermann, Mark (2020). Cortical reactivations of recent sensory experiences predict bidirectional network changes during learning. Nature Neuroscience.  ISSN 1097-6256.  23, s 981- 991 . doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-0651-5
• Strand, Line Tau; Fjellstad, Wendy; Jackson-Blake, Leah Amber & de Wit, Heleen A (2020). Afforestation of a pasture in Norway did not result in higher soil carbon, 50 years after planting. Landscape and Urban Planning.  ISSN 0169-2046.  207 . doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.104007 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Afforestation of marginal cultivated land is an internationally approved climate mitigation strategy, however, with uncertain implications for soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. We examined the effect of forest planting by measuring SOC at two adjacent sites: one with a Norway spruce forest planted in 1968 and one actively grazed pasture. Both sites had similar land-use history before forest planting, and they were as similar as possible in all other edaphic factors. There were no significant differences in SOC stocks down to 30 cm mineral soil, 7.15 and 8.51 kg C m−2 in the forest plantation and pasture respectively. Only a minimal build-up of an O horizon, less than 2 cm, was observed in the plantation. The SOC stocks of the plantation and pasture were not significantly different from that of a nearby old forest, 7.17 kg C m−2. When comparing these three land-uses we found that there were significant differences in the upper 10 cm of the soil with regard to other soil properties. Nitrogen (N) stock and pH were significantly lower in the old forest compared to the plantation, which again was significantly lower than that of the pasture. The opposite was the case for the C/N ratio. We conclude that there were no significant differences in SOC stocks in the upper 30 cm 50 years after afforestation with Norway spruce, but that there is still a legacy from the former cultivation that may influence both productivity and organic matter dynamics.

• Krishnan, Aswini; Berthelet, Jean; Renaud, Emilie; Rosigkeit, Sebastian; Distler, Ute; Stawiski, Eric; Wang, Jing; Modrusan, Zora; Fiedler, Marc; Bienz, Mariann; Tenzer, Stefan; Schad, Arno; Roth, Wilfried; Thiede, Bernd; Seshagiri, Somasekar; Musholt, Thomas J. & Rajalingam, Krishnaraj (2020). Proteogenomics analysis unveils a TFG-RET gene fusion and druggable targets in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  11 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15955-w Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kara, Emrah; Nielsen, Nis Valentin; Eggertsdottir, Bergrun; Thiede, Bernd; Kanse, Sandip & Løset, Geir Åge (2020). Design and characterization of a new pVII combinatorial phage display peptide library for protease substrate mining using Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) as model. ChemBioChem.  ISSN 1439-4227.  21(13), s 1875- 1884 . doi: 10.1002/cbic.201900705 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Guldvik, Ingrid Jenny; Zuber, Verena; Braadland, Peder Rustøen; Grytli, Helene Hartvedt; Ramberg, Håkon Andre; Lilleby, Wolfgang; Thiede, Bernd; Zucknick, Manuela; Saatcioglu, Fahri; Gislefoss, Randi Elin; Kvåle, Rune; George, Anne; Grönberg, Henrik; Wiklund, Fredrik; Neal, David E.; Gnanapragasam, Vincent J.; Tasken, Kristin Austlid & Mills, Ian Geoffrey (2020). Identification and Validation of Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Improved Precision in Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification.. European Urology Open Science.  ISSN 2666-1691.  21, s 51- 61 . doi: 10.1016/j.euros.2020.08.007 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hovden Aaen, Kristin; Anthi, Aina Karen; Sandlie, Inger; Nilsen, Jeannette; Mester, Simone & Andersen, Jan Terje (2020). The neonatal Fc receptor in mucosal immune regulation. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475. . doi: 10.1111/sji.13017
• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Jorde, Per Erik; Glover, Kevin; Dahle, Geir; Taggart, John B.; Korsbrekke, Knut; Dingsør, Gjert Endre; Skjæraasen, Jon Egil; Wright, Peter J.; Cadrin, Steven X.; Knutsen, Halvor & Westgaard, Jon-Ivar (2020). Genetic structuring in Atlantic haddock contrasts with current management regimes. ICES Journal of Marine Science.  ISSN 1054-3139.  s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa204 Vis sammendrag

  The advent of novel genetic methods has made it possible to investigate population structure and connectivity in mobile marine fish species: knowledge of which is essential to ensure a sustainable fishery. Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is a highly exploited marine teleost distributed along the coast and continental shelf on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean. However, little is known about its population structure. Here, we present the first study using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to assess the genetic population structure of haddock at multiple geographic scales, from the trans-Atlantic to the local (fjord) level. Genotyping 138 SNP loci in 1329 individuals from 19 locations across the North Atlantic revealed three main genetic clusters, consisting of a Northwest Atlantic cluster, a Northeast Arctic cluster, and a Northeast Atlantic cluster. We also observed a genetically distinct fjord population and a pattern of isolation by distance in the Northeast Atlantic. Our results contrast with the current management regime for this species in the Northeast Atlantic, as we found structure within some management areas. The study adds to the growing recognition of population structuring in marine organisms in general, and fishes in particular, and is of clear relevance for the management of haddock in the Northeast Atlantic.

• Heuschele, Jan David; Lode, Torben; Andersen, Tom & Titelman, Josefin (2020). The Hidden Dimension: Context‐Dependent Expression of Repeatable Behavior in Copepods. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.  ISSN 0730-7268.  39(5), s 1017- 1026 . doi: 10.1002/etc.4688 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Ruiz-Monachesi, Mario R. & Labra, Antonieta (2020). Complex distress calls sound frightening: the case of the weeping lizard. Animal Behaviour.  ISSN 0003-3472.  165, s 71- 77 . doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.004 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Fong, Lydia J. M.; Navea, Fernando & Labra, Antonieta (2020). Does Liolaemus lemniscatus eavesdrop on the distress calls of the sympatric weeping lizard?. Journal of Ethology.  ISSN 0289-0771. . doi: 10.1007/s10164-020-00666-y Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Ruiz-Monachesi, Mario R.; Valdecantos, Soledad; Cruz, Felix B. & Labra, Antonieta (2020). Unravelling associations among chemosensory system components in Liolaemus lizards. Journal of Zoology.  ISSN 0952-8369.  312(3), s 148- 157 . doi: 10.1111/jzo.12819
• Ruiz-Monachesi, Mario R.; Valdecantos, Soledad; Lobo, Fernando; Cruz, Felix B. & Labra, Antonieta (2020). Retreat sites shared by two Liolaemus lizard species: exploring the potential role of scents. South American Journal of Herpetology (SAJH).  ISSN 1808-9798.  17, s 79- 86 . doi: 10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00051.1
• Valdecantos, Soledad; Ruiz-Monachesi, Mario R. & Labra, Antonieta (2020). Testing the functionality of lipids from feces in the conspecific recognition of the lizard Liolaemus chiliensis. Journal of Herpetology.  ISSN 0022-1511.  54(4), s 476- 479 . doi: 10.1670/19-074
• Di Stefano, Marco; Paulsen, Jonas; Jost, Daniel & Marti-Renom, Marc A. (2020). 4D nucleome modeling. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development.  ISSN 0959-437X.  67, s 25- 32 . doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.10.004 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Guellil, Meriam; Kersten, Oliver; Namouchi, Amine; Luciani, Stefania; Marota, Isolina; Arcini, Caroline; Iregren, Elisabeth; Lindemann, Robert; Warfvinge, Gunnar; Bakanidze, Leila; Bitadze, Lia; Rubini, Mauro; Zaio, Paola; Zaio, Monica; Neri, Damiano; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Bramanti, Barbara (2020). A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(45), s 28328- 28335 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.2009677117 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Laroche, Olivier; Kersten, Oliver; Smith, Craig R. & Goetze, Erica (2020). Environmental DNA surveys detect distinct metazoan communities across abyssal plains and seamounts in the western Clarion Clipperton Zone. Molecular Ecology.  ISSN 0962-1083.  29(23), s 4588- 4604 . doi: 10.1111/mec.15484 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Tadele, Dagim Shiferaw; Robertson, Joseph; Crispin, Richard; Herrera, Carmen; Chlubnová, Markéta; Piechaczyk, Laure Isabelle; Ayuda-Duran, Maria del Pilar; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Gedde-Dahl, Tobias; Fløisand, Yngvar; Skavland, Jørn; Wesche, Jørgen; Gjertsen, Bjørn Tore & Enserink, Jorrit (2020). A cell competition-based small molecule screen identifies a novel compound that induces dual c-Myc depletion and p53 activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry.  ISSN 0021-9258.  296 . doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015285
• Yoshida, Kohta; Ravinet, Mark; Makino, Takashi; Toyoda, Atsushi; Kokita, Tomoyuki; Mori, Seiichi & Kitano, Jun (2020). Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in Landlocked Threespine Stickleback Populations. Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE).  ISSN 1759-6653.  12(4), s 479- 492 . doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaa065 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lode, Torben; Heuschele, Jan David; Andersen, Tom; Titelman, Josefin; Hylland, Ketil & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Contrasting Effects of Predation Risk and Copper on Copepod Respiration Rates. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.  ISSN 0730-7268.  39(9), s 1765- 1773 . doi: 10.1002/etc.4804 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mazzoni, Michela; Ferrario, Claudia; Bettinetti, Roberta; Piscia, Roberta; Cicala, Davide; Volta, Pietro; Borgå, Katrine; Valsecchi, Sara & Polesello, Stefano (2020). Trophic Magnification of Legacy (PCB, DDT and Hg) and Emerging Pollutants (PFAS) in the Fish Community of a Small Protected Southern Alpine Lake (Lake Mergozzo, Northern Italy). Water.  ISSN 2073-4441.  12, s 1- 17 . doi: 10.3390/w12061591 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Melleby, Arne Olav; Sandvik, Guro Katrine; Couturier, Christine Stephanie; Nilsson, Göran Erik & Stecyk, Jonathan Anthony William (2020). H2S-producing enzymes in anoxia-tolerant vertebrates: Effects of cold acclimation, anoxia exposure and reoxygenation on gene and protein expression. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.  ISSN 1096-4959.  243-244 . doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110430
• Logares, Ramiro; Deutschmann, Ina M.; Junger, Pedro; Giner, Caterina R.; Krabberød, Anders Kristian; Schmidt, Thomas S. B.; Rubinat-Ripoll, Laura; Mestre, Mireia; Salazar, Guillem; Ruiz-Gonzalez, Clara; Sebastián, Marta; De Vargas, Colomban; Duarte, Carlos M.; Gasol, Josep M. & Massana, Ramón (2020). Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota. Microbiome.  ISSN 2049-2618.  8(55), s 1- 17 . doi: 10.1186/s40168-020-00827-8 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Claxton, James Benedict; Joudeh, Nadeem; Røyne, Anja; Linke, Dirk & Mikheenko, Pavlo (2020). Sequential magnetic mapping of bacteria loaded with Pd-Fe nanoparticles, In  2020 IEEE 10th International Conference on “Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties” (NAP – 2020).  IEEE.  ISBN 978-1-7281-8506-4.  Article.  s 01NIC01-1 - 01NIC01-5 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Magnetic nanoparticles are of widespread use in nanotechnology. One of the most unusual are magnetic palladium nanoparticles that combine magnetism with high catalytic activity. These nanoparticles could be obtained biologically by exposing bacteria to a palladium salt. Due to their small size and weak magnetism, however, it is challenging to measure their magnetic properties. One of the solutions to enhance their magnetism is to incorporate a small amount of iron atoms into them. After this procedure, the nanoparticles together with bacteria can be embedded in resin and characterized by the technique of magnetic force microscopy. This technique allows imaging cross-sections of the bacteria with nanoparticles, but cannot give information from the depth of the sample. Here we report on an approach partially solving this problem. Its novelty lies in measurements of consecutive thin slices of resin, which allows mapping cross-sections of individual bacteria and different parts of the material surrounding the same bacterium. An interesting observed feature is the formation of magnetic chains of nanoparticles outside of the bacteria.

• Campaña Perilla, Ana Lucia; Joudeh, Nadeem; Høyer, Henrik; Røyne, Anja; Linke, Dirk & Mikheenko, Pavlo (2020). Probing van der Waals and magnetic forces in bacteria with magnetic nanoparticles, In  2020 IEEE 10th International Conference on “Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties” (NAP – 2020).  IEEE.  ISBN 978-1-7281-8506-4.  Article.  s 01NSSA03-1 - 01NSSA03-5 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Bioinspired metal-based nanoparticles have potential uses in many applications, but before a possible commercial exploitation, it is important to clarify the pathways of their production and deposition inside the organisms, for example in bacteria. The technique of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) could be used to evaluate the nanoparticles magnetic properties, in addition to allowing tracing their location inside or outside of bacteria, which could help to understand pathways of their biosynthesis. In this work, using MFM and analyzing the interaction of magnetic tip with nanoparticles and bacteria imbedded in resin at different heights above the surface, and comparing gradients of forces recorded by magnetic and non-magnetic tips, a condition was found, which allows to measure pure magnetic response of Pd-Fe nanoparticles. For these nanoparticles, the interplay between magnetic and van der Waals forces is described at small distances to the surface. Experimental data are compared with simulations, based on the calculation of the distribution of magnetic field around a nanoparticle, which defines magnetic force acting on the MFM tip.

• Brauckhoff, Melanie; Wahlberg, Magnus; Haga, Jens Ådne Rekkedal; Karlsen, Hans Erik & Wilson, Maria (2020). Embracing Their Prey at That Dark Hour: Common Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Can Hunt in Nighttime Light Conditions. Frontiers in Physiology.  ISSN 1664-042X.  11, s 1- 9 . doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00525 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Prydz, Kristian; Lupashin, Vladimir; Wang, Yanzhuang & Saraste, Jaakko (2020). Editorial: Golgi Dynamics in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.  ISSN 2296-634X.  8(7), s 1- 4 . doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00007
• Mysterud, Atle; Hopp, Petter; Alvseike, Kristin Ruud; Benestad, Sylvie L.; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Strand, Olav; Våge, Jørn & Viljugrein, Hildegunn (2020). Hunting strategies to increase detection of chronic wasting disease in cervids. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  11, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18229-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The successful mitigation of emerging wildlife diseases may involve controversial host culling. For livestock, ‘preemptive host culling’ is an accepted practice involving the removal of herds with known contact to infected populations. When applied to wildlife, this proactive approach comes in conflict with biodiversity conservation goals. Here, we present an alternative approach of ‘proactive hunting surveillance’ with the aim of early disease detection that simultaneously avoids undesirable population decline by targeting demographic groups with (1) a higher likelihood of being infected and (2) a lower reproductive value. We applied this harvesting principle to populations of reindeer to substantiate freedom of chronic wasting disease (CWD) infection. Proactive hunting surveillance reached 99% probability of freedom from infection (<4 reindeer infected) within 3–5 years, in comparison to ~10 years using ordinary harvest surveillance. However, implementation uncertainties linked to social issues appear challenging also with this kind of host culling

• Albertsen, Elena; Opedal, Øystein Hjorthol; Bolstad, Geir Hysing; Pérez-Barrales, Rocío; Hansen, Thomas F; Pelabon, Christophe & Armbruster, William Scott (2020). Using ecological context to interpret spatiotemporal variation in natural selection. Evolution.  ISSN 0014-3820.  s 1- 16 . doi: 10.1111/evo.14136 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Spatiotemporal variation in natural selection is expected, but difficult to estimate. Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits provides a good system for understanding and linking variation in selection to differences in ecological context. We studied pollinator‐mediated selection in five populations of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica and Mexico. Using a nonlinear path‐analytical approach, we assessed several functional components of selection, and linked variation in pollinator‐mediated selection across time and space to variation in pollinator assemblages. After correcting for estimation error, we detected moderate variation in net selection on two out of four blossom traits. Both the opportunity for selection and the mean strength of selection decreased with increasing reliability of cross‐pollination. Selection for pollinator attraction was consistently positive and stronger on advertisement than reward traits. Selection on traits affecting pollen transfer from the pollinator to the stigmas was strong only when cross‐pollination was unreliable and there was a mismatch between pollinator and blossom size. These results illustrate how consideration of trait function and ecological context can facilitate both the detection and the causal understanding of spatiotemporal variation in natural selection.

• ter Schure, Anneke; Anusree, Ajitha Kumari Sethu KumaranPil; Thorbek, Birgitte Lisbeth Graae; Bhavani Shankar, Maradani; Puri, Rajindra; Ravikanth, Gudasalamani; de Boer, Hugo & Boessenkool, Sanne (2020). eDNA metabarcoding reveals dietary niche overlap among herbivores in an Indian wildlife sanctuary. Environmental DNA.  ISSN 2637-4943.  s 1- 16 . doi: 10.1002/edn3.168 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Cramer, Alyssa A. W.; Prasad, Vikram; Eftestøl, Einar; Song, Taejeong; Hansson, Kenth-Arne; Dugdale, Hannah F.; Sadayappan, Sakthivel; Ochala, Julien; Gundersen, Kristian & Millay, Douglas P. (2020). Nuclear numbers in syncytial muscle fibers promote size but limit the development of larger myonuclear domains. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  11, s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20058-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Flatin, Bjørnar Tovson Bae; Vedeld, Hege Marie; Pinto, Rita; Langerud, Jonas; Lind, Guro Elisabeth; Lothe, Ragnhild A; Sveen, Anita & Jeanmougin, Marine (2020). Multiregional assessment of CIMP in primary colorectal cancers: Phenotype concordance but marker variability. International Journal of Cancer.  ISSN 0020-7136.  s 1- 6 . doi: 10.1002/ijc.33425 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mysterud, Atle; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Tranulis, Michael A.; Rauset, Geir Rune; Rolandsen, Christer Moe & Strand, Olav (2020). Antler cannibalism in reindeer. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10, s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79050-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Prion diseases constitute a class of invariably fatal and degenerative encephalopathies. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a contagious prion disease among cervids, which is spreading and causing marked population declines in USA and Canada. The first outbreak of CWD in Europe was discovered in a reindeer population in Norway in 2016. In the worst-case scenario with continental-wide spreading of CWD in Eurasia, an annual harvest of around 4 million cervids is at stake only in Europe, with huge economic and cultural significance. An in situ origin of CWD was suspected, and it appear urgent to identify the likely cause to prevent future emergences. Here, we document the novel phenomenon of extensive antler cannibalism prior to shedding among reindeer in the CWD-infected population. The extent of antler cannibalism increased over the last decades when CWD emerged, and included ingestion of vascularized antlers. Ingestion of tissues from conspecifics is a risk factor for the emergence of prion diseases, where the presence of extensive antler cannibalism opens the intriguing possibility of a ‘Kuru-analogue’ origin of CWD among the reindeer in Europe. Based on general insight on pathology of prion diseases and strain selection processes, we propose an hypothesis for how contagious CWD may emerge from sporadic CWD under the unique epidemiological conditions we document here. More research is required to document the presence of prions in reindeer antlers, and whether antler cannibalism actually led to a strain selection process and the emergence of a contagious form of CWD from a sporadic form of CWD.

• Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby; Albrecht, Tomas; Gohli, Jostein; Horák, David; Johannessen, Lars Erik; Johnsen, Arild; Kreisinger, Jakub; Marki, Petter Zahl; Ottosson, Ulf; Rowe, Melissah; Sedlacek, Ondrej & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2020). Sperm length variation among Afrotropical songbirds reflects phylogeny rather than adaptations to the tropical environment. Zoology.  ISSN 0944-2006.  140 . doi: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125770 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Sperm cells vary tremendously in size and shape across the animal kingdom. In songbirds (Aves: Passeri), sperm have a characteristic helical form but vary considerably in size. Most of our knowledge about sperm morphology in this group stems from studies of species in the Northern temperate zone, while little is known about the numerous species in the tropics. Here we examined sperm size in 125 Afrotropical songbird species with emphasis on the length of the major structural components (head, midpiece, flagellum), and total sperm length measured using light microscopy. Mean total sperm length varied from 51 μm to 212 μm across species. Those belonging to the Corvoidea superfamily had relatively short sperm with a small midpiece, while those of the three major Passeridan superfamilies Passeroidea, Muscicapoidea and Sylvioidea showed large interspecific variation in total sperm length and associated variation in midpiece length. These patterns are consistent with previous findings for temperate species in the same major clades. A comparative analysis with songbird species from the Northern temperate zone (N = 139) showed large overlap in sperm length ranges although certain temperate families (e.g. Parulidae, Emberizidae) typically have long sperm and certain Afrotropical families (e.g. Cisticolidae, Estrildidae) have relatively short sperm. Afrotropical and temperate species belonging to the same families showed no consistent contrasts in sperm length. Sperm length variation among Afrotropical and Northern temperate songbirds exhibits a strong phylogenetic signal with little or no evidence for any directional latitudinal effect among closely related taxa.

• Tsuboi, Masahito; Kopperud, Bjørn Tore; Syrowatka, Christine; Grabowski, Mark Walter; Voje, Kjetil L.; Pelabon, Christophe & Hansen, Thomas F (2020). Measuring Complex Morphological Traits with 3D Photogrammetry: A Case Study with Deer Antlers. Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 0071-3260.  47, s 175- 186 . doi: 10.1007/s11692-020-09496-9 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Norderhaug, KM; Filbee-Dexter, K; Freitas, Carla; Birkely, Sten Richard; Christensen, Lene; Mellerud, Ida Kristin; Thormar, Jonas; van Son, Thijs Christiaan; Moy, Frithjof Emil; Vázquez Alonso, M. & Steen, Henning (2020). Ecosystem-level effects of large-scale disturbance in kelp forests. Marine Ecology Progress Series.  ISSN 0171-8630.  656, s 163- 180 . doi: 10.3354/meps13426 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Holen, Øistein Haugsten & Sherratt, Tom N. (2020). Coping with Danger and Deception: Lessons from Signal Detection Theory. The American Naturalist.  ISSN 0003-0147.  197(2), s 147- 163 . doi: 10.1086/712246 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hammerstad, Marta; Gudim, Ingvild & Hersleth, Hans-Petter (2020). The Crystal Structures of Bacillithiol Disulfide Reductase Bdr (YpdA) Provide Structural and Functional Insight into a New Type of FAD-Containing NADPH-Dependent Oxidoreductase. Biochemistry.  ISSN 0006-2960.  59(51), s 4793- 4798 . doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00745 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Low G+C Gram-positive Firmicutes, such as the clinically important pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, use the low-molecular weight thiol bacillithiol (BSH) as a defense mechanism to buffer the intracellular redox environment and counteract oxidative stress encountered by human neutrophils during infections. The protein YpdA has recently been shown to function as an essential NADPH-dependent reductase of oxidized bacillithiol disulfide (BSSB) resulting from stress responses and is crucial for maintaining the reduced pool of BSH and cellular redox balance. In this work, we present the first crystallographic structures of YpdAs, namely, those from S. aureus and B. cereus. Our analyses reveal a uniquely organized biological tetramer; however, the structure of the monomeric subunit is highly similar to those of other flavoprotein disulfide reductases. The absence of a redox active cysteine in the vicinity of the FAD isoalloxazine ring implies a new direct disulfide reduction mechanism, which is backed by the presence of a potentially gated channel, serving as a putative binding site for BSSB in the proximity of the FAD cofactor. We also report enzymatic activities for both YpdAs, which along with the structures presented in this work provide important structural and functional insight into a new class of FAD-containing NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases, related to the emerging fight against pathogenic bacteria.

• Zha, Yinghua; Lindström, Eva S.; Eiler, Alexander & Svanback, Richard (2020). Different roles of environmental selection, dispersal, and drift in the assembly of intestinal microbial communities of freshwater fish with and without a stomach. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2296-701X.  8, s 1- 15 . doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00152 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Fernandez, Leyden; Peura, Sari; Eiler, Alexander; Linz, Alexandra M; McMahon, Kathrine D & Bertilsson, Stefan (2020). Diazotroph Genomes and Their Seasonal Dynamics in a Stratified Humic Bog Lake. Frontiers in Microbiology.  ISSN 1664-302X.  11, s 1- 16 . doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01500 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Juottonen, Heli; Fontaine, Laurent; Wurzbacher, Christian; Drakare, Stina; Peura, Sari & Eiler, Alexander (2020). Archaea in boreal Swedish lakes are diverse, dominated by Woesearchaeota and follow deterministic community assembly. Environmental Microbiology.  ISSN 1462-2912.  22(8), s 3158- 3171 . doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15058 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Croft, Naomi; Solbakken, Monica Hongrø; Brieuc, Marine Servane Ono; Jentoft, Sissel; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Qiao, Shuo Wang (2020). Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Immune Cell Repertoire of the Atlantic Cod Which Naturally Lacks the Major Histocompatibility Class II System. Frontiers in Immunology.  ISSN 1664-3224.  11 . doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559555
• Jin, Xingkun; Morro, Bernat; Tørresen, Ole K.; Moiche, Visila; Solbakken, Monica Hongrø; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Jentoft, Sissel & MacKenzie, Simon (2020). Innovation in Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization-Like Receptor and Toll-Like Receptor Sensing Drives the Major Histocompatibility Complex-II Free Atlantic Cod Immune System. Frontiers in Immunology.  ISSN 1664-3224.  11 . doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609456
• Tamrat, Misganaw; Atickem, Anagaw Meshesha; Tsegaye, Diress; Nguyen, Nga; Bekele, Afework; Evangelista, Paul; Fashing, Peter & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Human-wildlife conflict and coexistence: A case study from Senkele Swayne's Hartebeest Sanctuary in Ethiopia. Wildlife Biology.  ISSN 0909-6396.  2020(3) . doi: 10.2981/wlb.00712 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Reyes-Olivares, Claudio; Guajardo-Santibáñez, Andrés; Segura, Bernardo; Zañartu, Nicolás; Penna, Mario & Labra, Antonieta (2020). Lizard predation by spiders: A review from the Neotropical and Andean regions. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10(20), s 10953- 10964 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.6801 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Ramírez-Cruz, Virginia; da Silva, Paula Santos; Villalobos-Arámbula, Alma Rosa; Matheny, P. Brandon; Noordeloos, Machiel E.; Morgado, Luis; da Silveria, Rosa Mara Borges & Guzmán-Dávalos, Laura (2020). Two new species of Deconica (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Australia and Mexico. Mycological Progress.  ISSN 1617-416X.  19(11), s 1317- 1328 . doi: 10.1007/s11557-020-01629-w
• Nilsson, Anna L. K.; Skaugen, Thomas; Reitan, Trond; L'Abee-Lund, Jan Henning; Gamelon, Marlène; Jerstad, Kurt; Røstad, Ole Wiggo; Slagsvold, Tore; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Walseng, Bjørn (2020). Hydrology influences breeding time in the white-throated dipper. BMC Ecology.  ISSN 1472-6785.  20 . doi: 10.1186/s12898-020-00338-y Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Earlier breeding is one of the strongest responses to global change in birds and is a key factor determining reproductive success. In most studies of climate effects, the focus has been on large-scale environmental indices or temperature averaged over large geographical areas, neglecting that animals are affected by the local conditions in their home ranges. In riverine ecosystems, climate change is altering the flow regime, in addition to changes resulting from the increasing demand for renewable and clean hydropower. Together with increasing temperatures, this can lead to shifts in the time window available for successful breeding of birds associated with the riverine habitat. Here, we investigated specifically how the environmental conditions at the territory level influence timing of breeding in a passerine bird with an aquatic lifestyle, the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus. We relate daily river discharge and other important hydrological parameters, to a long-term dataset of breeding phenology (1978–2015) in a natural river system. Results: Dippers bred earlier when winter river discharge and groundwater levels in the weeks prior to breeding were high, and when there was little snow in the catchment area. Breeding was also earlier at lower altitudes, although the effect dramatically declined over the period. This suggests that territories at higher altitudes had more open water in winter later in the study period, which permitted early breeding also here. Unexpectedly, the largest effect inducing earlier breeding time was territory river discharge during the winter months and not immediately prior to breeding. The territory river discharge also increased during the study period. Conclusions: The observed earlier breeding can thus be interpreted as a response to climate change. Measuring environmental variation at the scale of the territory thus provides detailed information about the interactions between organisms and the abiotic environment. Breeding phenology, Climate change, Environmental heterogeneity, Hydropower, Long-term study, Passerine bird, River discharge, Snow, Spatial scale, Stream

• Loe, Leif Egil; Liston, Glen E.; Pigeon, Gabriel; Barker, Kristin; Horvitz, Nir; Stien, Audun; Forchhammer, Mads C.; Getz, Wayne M.; Irvine, Robert Justin; Lee, Aline Magdalena; Movik, Lars K.; Mysterud, Atle; Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik; Reinking, Adele K.; Ropstad, Erik; Trondrud, Liv Monica; Tveraa, Torkild; Veiberg, Vebjørn; Hansen, Brage Bremset & Albon, Steve D. (2020). The neglected season: Warmer autumns counteract harsher winters and promote population growth in Arctic reindeer. Global Change Biology.  ISSN 1354-1013.  27(5), s 993- 1002 . doi: 10.1111/gcb.15458 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Arctic ungulates are experiencing the most rapid climate warming on Earth. While concerns have been raised that more frequent icing events may cause die-offs, and earlier springs may generate a trophic mismatch in phenology, the effects of warming autumns have been largely neglected. We used 25 years of individual-based data from a growing population of wild Svalbard reindeer, to test how warmer autumns enhance population growth. Delayed plant senescence had no effect, but a six-week delay in snow-onset (the observed data range) was estimated to increase late winter body mass by 10%. Because average late winter body mass explains 90% of the variation in population growth rates, such a delay in winter-onset would enable a population growth of r = 0.20, sufficient to counteract all but the most extreme icing events. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into the consequences of climate change for Arctic herbivores, highlighting the positive impact of warming autumns on population viability, offsetting the impacts of harsher winters. Thus, the future for Arctic herbivores facing climate change may be brighter than the prevailing view. body mass, climate change, fitness, GPS, movement ecology, plant phenology, Rangifer, snow, space use, ungulates

• Skottene, Elise; Tarrant, Ann M.; Altin, Dag; Olsen, Rolf Erik; Choquet, Marvin & Kvile, Kristina Ø (2020). Lipid metabolism in Calanus finmarchicus is sensitive to variations in predation risk and food availability. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79165-6 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Late developmental stages of the marine copepods in the genus Calanus can spend extended periods in a dormant stage (diapause) that is preceded by the accumulation of large lipid stores. We assessed how lipid metabolism during development from the C4 stage to adult is altered in response to predation risk and varying food availability, to ultimately understand more of the metabolic processes during development in Calanus copepods. We used RNA sequencing to assess if perceived predation risk in combination with varied food availability affects expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and diapause preparation in C. finmarchicus. The lipid metabolism response to predation risk differed depending on food availability, time and life stage. Predation risk caused upregulation of lipid catabolism with high food, and downregulation with low food. Under low food conditions, predation risk disrupted lipid accumulation. The copepods showed no clear signs of diapause preparation, supporting earlier observations of the importance of multiple environmental cues in inducing diapause in C. finmarchicus. This study demonstrates that lipid metabolism is a sensitive endpoint for the interacting environmental effects of predation pressure and food availability. As diapause may be controlled by lipid accumulation, our findings may contribute towards understanding processes that can ultimately influence diapause timing.

• Orr, Russell; Sannum, Maja Margret; Boessenkool, Sanne; Di Martino, Emanuela; Gordon, Dennis; Mello, Hannah; Obst, Matthias; Ramsfjell, Mali Hamre; Smith, Abigail M. & Liow, Lee Hsiang (2020). A molecular phylogeny of historical and contemporary specimens of an under‐studied micro‐invertebrate group. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  11(1), s 309- 320 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.7042 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lima, M.; Gayo, E.M.; Latorre, C.; Santoro, C.M.; Estay, S.A.; Cañellas-Boltà, Núria; Margalef, O.; Giralt, S.; Sáez, A.; Pla-Rabes, S. & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Ecology of the collapse of Rapa Nui society: Population collapse of Rapa Nui society. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences.  ISSN 0962-8452.  287(1929), s 1- 10 . doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0662 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Gérikas Ribeiro, Catherine; Lopes dos Santos, Adriana; Probert, Ian; Vaulot, Daniel & Edvardsen, Bente (2020). Taxonomic reassignment of Pseudohaptolina birgeri comb. nov. (Haptophyta). Phycologia.  ISSN 0031-8884.  59(6), s 606- 615 . doi: 10.1080/00318884.2020.1830255
• Hansson, Kenth-Arne; Eftestøl, Einar; Bruusgaard, Jo C.; Juvkam, Inga; Cramer, Alyssa W.; Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders; Millay, Douglas P. & Gundersen, Kristian (2020). Myonuclear content regulates cell size with similar scaling properties in mice and humans. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  11(1) . doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20057-8 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Trede, Franziska; Lemkul, Anna; Atickem, Anagaw; Beehner, Jacinta C.; Bergman, Thore J.; Burke, Ryan J.; Fashing, Peter; Knauf, Sascha; Mekonnen, Addisu; Moges, Amera; Nguyen, Nga; Roos, Christian & Zinner, Dietmar (2020). Geographic distribution of microsatellite alleles in geladas (Primates, Cercopithecidae): Evidence for three evolutionary units. Zoologica Scripta.  ISSN 0300-3256.  49(6), s 659- 667 . doi: 10.1111/zsc.12451 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hess, Jaqueline; Balasundaram, Sudhagar V.; Bakkemo, Reneè Isabel; Drula, Elodie; Henrissat, Bernard; Högberg, Nils; Eastwood, Daniel C. & Skrede, Inger (2020). Niche differentiation and evolution of the wood decay machinery in the invasive fungus Serpula lacrymans. The ISME Journal.  ISSN 1751-7362.  s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-00799-5 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Weikum, Julia; Kulakova, Alina; Tesei, Giulio; Yoshimoto, Shogo; Vejby Jægerum, Line; Schütz, Monika; Hori, Katsutoshi; Skepö, Marie; Harris, Pernille; Leo, Jack Christopher & Morth, Jens Preben (2020). The extracellular juncture domains in the intimin passenger adopt a constitutively extended conformation inducing restraints to its sphere of action. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10(1) . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77706-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Li, Ruiyun; Chen, Bin; Zhang, Tao; Ren, Zhehao; Song, Yimeng; Xiao, Yixiong; Hou, Lin; Cai, Jun; Xu, Bo; Li, Miao; Chan, Karen Kie Yan; Tu, Ying; Yang, Mu; Yang, Jing; Liu, Zhaoyang; Shen, Chong; Wang, Che; Xu, Lei; Liu, Qiyong; Bao, Shuming; Zhang, Jianqin; Bi, Yuhai; Bai, Yuqi; Deng, Ke; Zhang, Wusheng; Huang, Wenyu; Whittington, Jason; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Guan, Dabo; Gong, Peng & Xu, Bing (2020). Global COVID-19 pandemic demands joint interventions for the suppression of future waves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(42), s 26151- 26157 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.2012002117 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Emerging evidence suggests a resurgence of COVID-19 in the coming years. It is thus critical to optimize emergency response planning from a broad, integrated perspective. We developed a mathematical model incorporating climate-driven variation in community transmissions and movement-modulated spatial diffusions of COVID-19 into various intervention scenarios. We find that an intensive 8-wk intervention targeting the reduction of local transmissibility and international travel is efficient and effective. Practically, we suggest a tiered implementation of this strategy where interventions are first implemented at locations in what we call the Global Intervention Hub, followed by timely interventions in secondary high-risk locations. We argue that thinking globally, categorizing locations in a hub-and-spoke intervention network, and acting locally, applying interventions at high-risk areas, is a functional strategy to avert the tremendous burden that would otherwise be placed on public health and society.

• Ferrari, Giada; Neukamm, Judith; Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Breidenstein, Abagail; Ravinet, Mark; Phillips, Carina; Rühli, Frank; Bouwman, Abigail & Schuenemann, Verena J. (2020). Variola virus genome sequenced from an eighteenth-century museum specimen supports the recent origin of smallpox. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences.  ISSN 0962-8436.  375(1812), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0572 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Di Martino, Emanuela; Liow, Lee Hsiang; Perkins, Tom; Portell, Roger W. & Taylor, Paul D. (2020). Sneaking up on ‘enemies’: alleviating inherent disadvantages in competitive outcomes in a nearly 3-million-year-old palaeocommunity from Florida, USA. Lethaia: An International Journal of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy.  ISSN 0024-1164.  53(4), s 553- 562 . doi: 10.1111/let.12376 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Culina, Antica; Adriaensen, Frank; Bailey, Liam D.; Burgess, Malcolm; Charmantier, Anne; Cole, Ella F; Eeva, Tapio; Matthysen, Erik; Nater, Chloe Rebecca; Sheldon, Ben C.; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Vriend, Stefan J.G.; Zajkova, Zuzana; Adamik, Peter; Aplin, Lucy M.; Angulo, Elena; Artemyev, Alexandr; Barba, Emilio; Barišić, Sanja; Belda, Eduardo; Bilgin, Cemal Can; Bleu, Josefa; Both, Christiaan; Bouwhuis, Sandra; Branston, Claire J.; Broggi, Juli; Burke, Terry; Bushuev, Andrey; Camacho, Carlos; Campobello, Daniela; Canal, David; Cantarero, Alejandro; Caro, Samuel P.; Cauchoix, Maxime; Chaine, Alexis; Cichoń, Mariusz; Ćiković, Davor; Cusimano, Camillo A.; Deimel, Caroline; Dhondt, André A.; Dingemanse, Niels J.; Doligez, Blandine; Dominoni, Davide M.; Doutrelant, Claire; Drobniak, Szymon M.; Dubiec, Anna; Eens, Marcel; Erikstad, Kjell E; Espín, Silvia; Farine, Damien R.; Figuerola, Jordi; Mennerat, Adele; Slagsvold, Tore & Visser, Marcel E. (2020). Connecting the data landscape of long‐term ecological studies: The SPI‐Birds data hub. Journal of Animal Ecology.  ISSN 0021-8790.  s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13388 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long‐term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and ecological processes in the wild. Furthermore, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad‐scale global issues (e.g. climate change). To solve data integration issues and enable a new scale of ecological and evolutionary research based on long‐term studies of birds, we have created the SPI‐Birds Network and Database (www.spibirds.org)—a large‐scale initiative that connects data from, and researchers working on, studies of wild populations of individually recognizable (usually ringed) birds. Within year and a half since the establishment, SPI‐Birds has recruited over 120 members, and currently hosts data on almost 1.5 million individual birds collected in 80 populations over 2,000 cumulative years, and counting. SPI‐Birds acts as a data hub and a catalogue of studied populations. It prevents data loss, secures easy data finding, use and integration and thus facilitates collaboration and synthesis. We provide community‐derived data and meta‐data standards and improve data integrity guided by the principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), and aligned with the existing metadata languages (e.g. ecological meta‐data language). The encouraging community involvement stems from SPI‐Bird's decentralized approach: research groups retain full control over data use and their way of data management, while SPI‐Birds creates tailored pipelines to convert each unique data format into a standard format. We outline the lessons learned, so that other communities (e.g. those working on other taxa) can adapt our successful model. Creating community‐specific hubs (such as ours, COMADRE for animal demography, etc.) will aid much‐needed large‐scale ecological data integration.

• Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus; Nedreaas, Kjell Harald; Huserbråten, Mats & Moland, Even (2020). Depletion of coastal predatory fish sub-stocks coincided with the largest sea urchin grazing event observed in the NE Atlantic. Ambio.  ISSN 0044-7447.  50, s 163- 173 . doi: 10.1007/s13280-020-01362-4 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Johnsen, Stein Ivar; Strand, David; Rusch, Johannes & Vrålstad, Trude (2020). Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring of noble crayfish astacus astacus in lentic environments offers reliable presence-absence surveillance – but fails to predict population density. Frontiers in Environmental Science.  ISSN 2296-665X.  8, s 1- 15 . doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.612253 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Noble crayfish is the most widespread native freshwater crayfish species in Europe. It is threatened in its entire distribution range and listed on the International Union for Concervation Nature- and national red lists. Reliable monitoring data is a prerequisite for implementing conservation measures, and population trends are traditionally obtained from catch per unit effort (CPUE) data. Recently developed environmental DNA (eDNA) tools can potentially improve the effort. In the past decade, eDNA monitoring has emerged as a promising tool for species surveillance, and some studies have established that eDNA methods yield adequate presence-absence data for crayfish. There are also high expectations that eDNA concentrations in the water can predict biomass or relative density. However, eDNA studies for crayfish have not yet been able to establish a convincing relationship between eDNA concentrations and crayfish density. This study compared eDNA and CPUE data obtained the same day and with high sampling effort, and evaluated whether eDNA concentrations can predict relative density of crayfish. We also compared two analytical methods [Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR)], and estimated the detection probability for eDNA monitoring compared to trapping using occupancy modeling. In all lakes investigated, we detected eDNA from noble crayfish, even in lakes with very low densities. The eDNA method is reliable for presence-absence monitoring of noble crayfish, and the probability of detecting noble crayfish from eDNA samples increased with increasing relative crayfish densities. However, the crayfish eDNA concentrations were consistently low and mostly below the limit of quantification, even in lakes with very high crayfish densities. The hypothesis that eDNA concentrations can predict relative crayfish density was consequently not supported. Our study underlines the importance of intensified sampling effort for successful detection of very low-density populations, and for substantiating presumed absence, inferred from negative results. Surprisingly, we found a higher likelihood of eDNA detection using qPCR compared to ddPCR. We conclude that eDNA monitoring cannot substitute CPUE data, but is a reliable supplement for rapid presence-absence overviews. Combined with eDNA analyses of alien crayfish species and diseases such as crayfish plague, this is a cost-efficient supplement offering a more holistic monitoring approach for aquatic environments and native crayfish conservation.

• Wilson, Michael L.; Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V.; Mjungu, Deus C.; Kamenya, Shadrack; Kimaro, Elihuruma Wilson; Collins, D. Anthony; Gillespie, Thomas R.; Travis, Dominic A.; Lipende, Iddi; Mwacha, Dismas; Ndimuligo, Sood Athumani; Pintea, Lilian; Raphael, Jane; Mtiti, Emmanuel R.; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Pusey, Anne E. & Goodall, Jane (2020). Research and conservation in the greater Gombe ecosystem: Challenges and opportunities. Biological Conservation.  ISSN 0006-3207.  252, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108853
• Zhao, Minglei; Li, Caiqin; Ma, Xingshuai; Xia, Rui; Chen, Jianye; Liu, Xuncheng; Ying, Peiyuan; Peng, Manjun; Wang, Jun; Shi, Chunlin & Li, Jianguo (2020). KNOX protein KNAT1 regulates fruitlet abscission in litchi by repressing ethylene biosynthetic genes. Journal of Experimental Botany.  ISSN 0022-0957.  71(14), s 4069- 4082 . doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa162
• Grytten, Ivar; Rand, Knut Dagestad; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan & Sandve, Geir Kjetil (2020). Assessing graph-based read mappers against a baseline approach highlights strengths and weaknesses of current methods. BMC Genomics.  ISSN 1471-2164.  21 . doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-6685-y Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Sneeggen, Marte; Guadagno, Noemi Antonella & Progida, Cinzia (2020). Intracellular Transport in Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.  ISSN 2296-634X.  8 . doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.597608 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Wu, Hua; Chen, Yuyuan; Li, Bin; Li, Chun; Guo, Jun; You, Jia; Hu, Xian; Kuang, Dong; Qi, Shibo; Pin, Liu; Li, Lei & Xu, Chuanrui (2020). Targeting ROCK1/2 blocks cell division and induces mitotic catastrophe in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochemical Pharmacology.  ISSN 0006-2952.  184, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114353 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Melle, Webjørn Raunsgård; Klevjer, Thor A.; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Strand, Espen; Naustvoll, Lars Johan; Wiebe, Peter H.; Aksnes, Dag Lorents; Knutsen, Tor; Sundby, Svein; Slotte, Aril; Dupont, Nicolas; Salvanes, Anne Gro Vea; Korneliussen, Rolf & Huse, Geir (2020). Structure and functioning of four North Atlantic ecosystems - A comparative study. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography.  ISSN 0967-0645.  180, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104838 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan; Refsnes, Magne Arnold & Holme, Jørn Andreas (2020). Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air pollution-induced non-malignant respiratory diseases. Respiratory Research.  ISSN 1465-9921.  21 . doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01563-1 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Reinhardt, Kathleen Danielle (2020). Wild primate sleep: understanding sleep in an ecological context. Current Opinion in Physiology.  ISSN 2468-8681.  15, s 238- 244 . doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.04.002
• Perdreau-Dahl, Harmonie; Progida, Cinzia; Barfeld, Stefan Jörg; Guldsten, Hanne; Thiede, Bernd; Arntzen, Magnus Øverlie; Bakke, Oddmund; Mills, Ian Geoffrey; Krauss, Stefan & Morth, Jens Preben (2020). Sjögren syndrome/scleroderma autoantigen 1 is a direct Tankyrase binding partner in cancer cells. Communications Biology.  ISSN 2399-3642.  3(1) . doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0851-2
• Mobekk, Hilde; Hessen, Dag Olav; Fagerstrøm, Asle & Jacobsen, Hanne (2020). For your eyes only: A field experiment on nudging hygienic behavior. Frontiers in Psychology.  ISSN 1664-1078.  11, s 1- 8 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603440 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Eshun-Wilson, Franceen; Wolf, Raoul; Andersen, Tom; Hessen, Dag O & Sperfeld, Erik (2020). UV radiation affects antipredatory defense traits in Daphnia pulex. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10(24), s 14082- 14097 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.6999 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  In aquatic environments, prey perceive predator threats by chemical cues called kairomones, which can induce changes in their morphology, life histories, and behavior. Predator‐induced defenses have allowed for prey, such as Daphnia pulex, to avert capture by common invertebrate predators, such as Chaoborus sp. larvae. However, the influence of additional stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), on the Daphnia–Chaoborus interaction is not settled as UVR may for instance deactivate the kairomone. In laboratory experiments, we investigated the combined effect of kairomones and UVR at ecologically relevant levels on induced morphological defenses of two D. pulex clones. We found that kairomones were not deactivated by UVR exposure. Instead, UVR exposure suppressed induced morphological defense traits of D. pulex juveniles under predation threat by generally decreasing the number of neckteeth and especially by decreasing the size of the pedestal beneath the neckteeth. UVR exposure also decreased the body length, body width, and tail spine length of juveniles, likely additionally increasing the vulnerability to Chaoborus predation. Our results suggest potential detrimental effects on fitness and survival of D. pulex subject to UVR stress, with consequences on community composition and food web structure in clear and shallow water bodies.

• Tibuhwa, Donatha D.; Hussein, Juma M.; Ryvarden, Leif; Sijaona, Mark E. R. & Tibell, Sanja (2020). A phylogeny for the plant pathogen Piptoporellus baudonii using a multigene data set. Mycologia.  ISSN 0027-5514.  112(5), s 1017- 1025 . doi: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1801303 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Giliba, Richard A.; Mpinga, Issa H.; Ndimuligo, Sood Athumani & Mpanda, Mathew M. (2020). Changing climate patterns risk the spread of Varroa destructor infestation of African honey bees in Tanzania. Ecological Processes.  ISSN 2192-1709.  9(1), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1186/s13717-020-00247-4 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mysterud, Atle; Benestad, Sylvie L.; Rolandsen, Christer Moe & Våge, Jørn (2020). Policy implications of an expanded chronic wasting disease universe. Journal of Applied Ecology.  ISSN 0021-8901.  s 1- 5 . doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13783 Vis sammendrag

  1. International policy for the management of wildlife disease(s) plays an important role for concerted action, and changes to policy should be evidence-based and updated as new evidence accumulates. Management of chronic wasting disease (CWD), the prion disease affecting cervids, is based on its highly contagious nature relative to most other prion diseases. These management actions are particularly invasive, with considerable biological and economic consequences. 2. A novel type of CWD has been discovered in moose Alces alces and red deer Cervus elaphus, with prions restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). Prions in tissue outside the CNS are an indication of the contagiousness of a prion disease. As such, for this novel type of CWD, there is a lower likelihood of horizontal transmission under natural conditions. Furthermore, infected individuals were older (mean 15 years), and cases appeared with limited clustering in space and time; hence, with no indication of an epidemic outbreak. 3. Policy implications. The annual harvest of approximately 4 million cervids in Europe each year generates considerable cultural and economic value. ‘Stamping out’ policies would be inefficient and inappropriate to control diseases with no horizontal transmission among live animals, and banning the export of meat from a region after detection of a positively tested animal would make little sense in the case of sporadic disease. The novel type of chronic wasting disease (CWD) with epidemiological characteristics clearly different from ‘classical’ and contagious CWD calls for differentiated management strategies to avoid unnecessarily invasive actions. cervids, chronic wasting disease, disease management, EU-policy, moose, red deer, sporadic prion disease, TSE regulation

• Boesch, Christophe; Kalan, Ammie K.; Mundry, Roger; Arandjelovic, Mimi; Pika, Simone; Dieguez, P.; Ayimisin, Emmanuel Ayuk; Barciela, Amanda; Coupland, Charlotte; Egbe, Villard Ebot; Eno-Nku, Manasseh; Fay, J. Michael; Fine, David; Hernandez-Aguilar, Raquel Adriana; Hermans, Veerle; Kadam, Parag; Kambi, Mohamed; Llana, Manuel; Maretti, Giovanna; Morgan, David B.; Murai, Mizuki; Neil, Emily; Nicholl, Sonia; Ormsby, Lucy Jayne; Orume, Robinson; Pacheco, Liliana; Piel, Alex; Sanz, Crickette M.; Sciaky, Lilah; Stewart, Fiona; Tagg, Nikki; Wessling, Erin G.; Willie, Jacob & Kühl, Hjalmar S. (2020). Chimpanzee ethnography reveals unexpected cultural diversity. Nature Human Behaviour.  ISSN 2397-3374.  4(9), s 910- 916 . doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0890-1
• Driciru, Margaret; Rwego, Innocent B.; Ndimuligo, Sood Athumani; Travis, Dominic A.; Mwakapeje, Elibariki R.; Craft, Meggan E.; Asiimwe, Benon; Alvarez, Julio; Ayebare, Samuel & Pelican, Katharine (2020). Environmental determinants influencing anthrax distribution in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Western Uganda. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  15(8) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237223 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mallil, Kahina; Justy, Fabienne; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Dufour, Sylvain; Totis, Thibaut; Bloch, Cécilie; Baarman, Janette; Amroun, Mansour & Gaubert, Philippe (2020). Population genetics of the African wolf (Canis lupaster) across its range: first evidence of hybridization with domestic dogs in Africa. Mammalian Biology.  ISSN 1616-5047.  100, s 645- 658 . doi: 10.1007/s42991-020-00059-1
• Buccino, Alessio Paolo; Kuchta, Miroslav; Schreiner, Jakob Emil & Mardal, Kent-Andre (2020). Improving Neural Simulations with the EMI Model, In Aslak Tveito; Kent-Andre Mardal & Marie Rognes (ed.),  Modeling Excitable Tissue -- The EMI Framework.  Springer.  ISBN 978-3-030-61156-9.  Chapter 7.  s 87 - 98
• Moe, S. Jannicke; Nater, Chloé R; Rustadbakken, Atle; Vøllestad, L Asbjørn; Lund, Espen; Qvenild, Tore; Hegge, Ola & Aass, Per (2020). Long-term mark-recapture and growth data for large-sized migratory brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Lake Mjøsa, Norway. Biodiversity Data Journal.  ISSN 1314-2836.  8 . doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e52157 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Long-term data from marked animals provide a wealth of opportunities for studies with high relevance to both basic ecological understanding and successful management in a changing world. The key strength of such data is that they allow us to quantify individual variation in vital rates (e.g. survival, growth, reproduction) and then link it mechanistically to dynamics at the population level. However, maintaining the collection of individual-based data over long time periods comes with large logistic efforts and costs and studies spanning over decades are therefore rare. This is the case particularly for migratory aquatic species, many of which are in decline despite their high ecological, cultural and economical value.

• de Wit, Heleen A; Lepistö, Ahti; Marttila, Hannu; Wenng, Hannah; Bechmann, Marianne; Blicher-Mathiesen, Gitte; Eklöf, Karin; Futter, Martyn N.; Kortelainen, Pirkko; Kronvang, Brian; Kyllmar, Katarina & Rakovic, Jelena (2020). Land-use dominates climate controls on nitrogen and phosphorus export from managed and natural Nordic headwater catchments. Hydrological Processes.  ISSN 0885-6087.  34(25), s 4831- 4850 . doi: 10.1002/hyp.13939 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Agricultural, forestry‐impacted and natural catchments are all vectors of nutrient loading in the Nordic countries. Here, we present concentrations and fluxes of total nitrogen (totN) and phosphorus (totP) from 69 Nordic headwater catchments (Denmark: 12, Finland:18, Norway:17, Sweden:22) between 2000 and 2018. Catchments span the range of Nordic climatic and environmental conditions and include natural sites and sites impacted by agricultural and forest management. Concentrations and fluxes of totN and totP were highest in agricultural catchments, intermediate in forestry‐impacted and lowest in natural catchments, and were positively related %agricultural land cover and summer temperature. Summer temperature may be a proxy for terrestrial productivity, while %agricultural land cover might be a proxy for catchment nutrient inputs. A regional trend analysis showed significant declines in N concentrations and export across agricultural (−15 μg totN L−1 year−1) and natural (−0.4 μg NO3‐N L−1 year−1) catchments, but individual sites displayed few long‐term trends in concentrations (totN: 22%, totP: 25%) or export (totN: 6%, totP: 9%). Forestry‐impacted sites had a significant decline in totP (−0.1 μg P L−1 year−1). A small but significant increase in totP fluxes (+0.4 kg P km−2 year−1) from agricultural catchments was found, and countries showed contrasting patterns. Trends in annual concentrations and fluxes of totP and totN could not be explained in a straightforward way by changes in runoff or climate. Explanations for the totN decline include national mitigation measures in agriculture international policy to reduced air pollution and, possibly, large‐scale increases in forest growth. Mitigation to reduce phosphorus appears to be more challenging than for nitrogen. If the green shift entails intensification of agricultural and forest production, new challenges for protection of water quality will emerge possible exacerbated by climate change. Further analysis of headwater totN and totP export should include seasonal trends, aquatic nutrient species and a focus on catchment nutrient inputs.

• Pettersen, Ruben Alexander; Junge, Claudia; Østbye, Kjartan; Mo, Tor Atle & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2020). Genetic population structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in a large Norwegian lake. Hydrobiologia.  ISSN 0018-8158.  848, s 547- 561 . doi: 10.1007/s10750-020-04431-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Understanding how populations are structured in space and time is a central question in evolutionary biology. Parasites and their hosts are assumed to evolve together, however, detailed understanding of mechanisms leading to genetic structuring of parasites and their hosts are lacking. As a parasite depends on its host, studying the genetic structure of both parasite and host can reveal important insights into these mechanisms. Here, genetic structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) was investigated in 10 tributaries draining into the large Lake Mjøsa in Norway. The population genetic structure of spawning grayling was studied using microsatellite genotyping, while G. thymalli was studied by sequencing a mitochondrial DNA gene (dehydrogenase subunit 5). Two main genetic clusters were revealed in grayling, one cluster comprising grayling from the largest spawning population, while the remaining tributaries formed the second cluster. For both taxa, some genetic differentiation was observed among tributaries, but there was no clear isolation-by-distance signature. The structuring was stronger for the host than for the parasite. These results imply that moderate to high levels of gene flow occur among the sub-populations of both taxa. The high parasite exchange among tributaries could result from a lack of strong homing behavior in grayling as well as interactions among individual fish outside of the spawning season, leading to frequent mixing of both host and parasite.

• Hansson, Kenth-Arne; Solbrå, Andreas Våvang; Gundersen, Kristian & Bruusgaard, Jo C. (2020). Computational assessment of transport distances in living skeletal muscle fibers studied in situ. Biophysical Journal.  ISSN 0006-3495.  119(11), s 2166- 2178 . doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.10.016
• Van den Abeele, Jeriek Paul (2020). Illuminating elite patches of chemical space. Chemical Science.  ISSN 2041-6520.  11(42), s 11485- 11491 . doi: 10.1039/d0sc03544k Vis sammendrag

  In the past few years, there has been considerable activity in both academic and industrial research to develop innovative machine learning approaches to locate novel, high-performing molecules in chemical space. Here we describe a new and fundamentally different type of approach that provides a holistic overview of how high-performing molecules are distributed throughout a search space. Based on an open-source, graph-based implementation [J. H. Jensen, Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 3567–3572] of a traditional genetic algorithm for molecular optimisation, and influenced by state-of-the-art concepts from soft robot design [J. B. Mouret and J. Clune, Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference, 2012, pp. 593–594], we provide an algorithm that (i) produces a large diversity of high-performing, yet qualitatively different molecules, (ii) illuminates the distribution of optimal solutions, and (iii) improves search efficiency compared to both machine learning and traditional genetic algorithm approaches.

• Riiser, Even Sannes; Haverkamp, Thomas Hendricus Augustus; Varadharajan, Srinidhi; Borgan, Ørnulf; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Jentoft, Sissel & Star, Bastiaan (2020). Metagenomic Shotgun Analyses Reveal Complex Patterns of Intra- and Interspecific Variation in the Intestinal Microbiomes of Codfishes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.  ISSN 0099-2240.  86(6), s 1- 16 . doi: 10.1128/AEM.02788-19
• Valiente Parra, Nicolas; Gil-Márquez, José Manuel; Gómez-Alday, Juan José & Andreo, Bartolomé (2020). Unraveling groundwater functioning and nitrate attenuation in evaporitic karst systems from southern Spain: an isotopic approach. Applied Geochemistry.  ISSN 0883-2927.  123 . doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104820 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  High evaporation rates in semi-arid to arid regions result in an increase in salinity that can exacerbate the effect of pollutants in water bodies.This study examines how groundwater drives pollution removal in wetlands, wells and springs within the Chaotic Subbetic Complexes (southern Spain). This evaporitic system, localy with a clear karstic functioning, is characterized by groundwater with a wide range of mineralization. Hydrochemical and multi-isotopic (δ34S, δ18O, δ15N, δ13C and δ2H) techniques were used to understand the geochemical processes leading to pollutant attenuation within the complexes. There, regional groundwater evolve from recharge/transition areas, with low salinity, to the discharge zone. Mineralization of groundwater depends on the dissolution of evaporitic deposits (gypsum, halite) of Keuper age, which increases salinity of the water drained by the outlet springs. δ15N and δ18O values of dissolved nitrate (NO3-) were used to estimate the relative contribution of N sources. NO3- is mainly derived from agricultural inputs (nitrate and urea fertilizers). Long-residence groundwater plays an important role in the biogeochemical evolution. Denitrification is responsible for NO3- removal in transitional zones and discharge springs. This process is promoted by the oxidation of organic carbon, derived from recharge areas and further transported to deeper zones of the aquifer. The findings of this study provide a new understanding of how hydrogeological functioning is connected to pollutant removal in an evaporitic karst system, where the scale of groundwater flows plays a key role in biogeochemical processes.

• Menchén, Alfonso; Espín, Yolanda; Valiente Parra, Nicolas; Toledo, Beatriz; Álvarez-Ortí, Manuel & Gómez-Alday, Juan José (2020). Distribution of Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Bacteria in Saline Pétrola Lake (Albacete, SE Spain) Protected Area is Strongly Linked to Land Use. Applied Sciences.  ISSN 2076-3417.  10(11), s 1- 14 . doi: 10.3390/app10114017 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Saline lakes are subject to numerous environmental impacts related to human activities, changing the chemical and biological natural conditions of the ecosystem. Sustainable development depends on the conservation of such delicate saline ecosystems, which may hold distinctive biodiversity. Pollution is one of the major threats to surface water bodies, for example by increasing nutrient contents and organic pollutants, including endocrine disrupting chemicals. Microbially mediated redox processes exert a fundamental control on nutrient turnover and contaminant removal. This study examines the influence of land use on the distribution of endocrine disrupting chemicals as well as on the microbial community composition in lacustrine sediments from Pétrola saline Lake (SE Spain). The lake is impacted by anthropogenic activities (agriculture, farming, mining and urban wastewater spills). Applying chemical and molecular tools (sequencing of 16S rRNA gene) showed a clear influence of land use on the chemistry and bacterial abundance of the lake sediments. The sampling points closer to wastewater outflows and mining ponds (2635, 2643 and 2650) showed fewer numbers and types of endocrine disrupting chemicals as well as a smaller number of families in the microbial community. These findings improve our understanding of how land use affects both water chemistry and the abundance of organisms responsible for biogeochemical cycles.

• Filbee-Dexter, Karen; Wernberg, Thomas; Grace, S.P.; Thormar, Jonas; Fredriksen, Stein; Narvaez, C.N.; Feehan, C.J. & Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus (2020). Marine heatwaves and the collaps of marginal North Atlantic kelp forests. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70273-x Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Dankworth, Marie; Heinrich, Sandra; Fredriksen, Stein & Bartsch, Inka (2020). DNA barcoding and mucilage ducts in the stipe reveal the presence of Hedophyllum nigripes (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen). Journal of Phycology.  ISSN 0022-3646.  56, s 1245- 1254 . doi: 10.1111/jpy.13012
• Fredriksen, Stein; Filbee-Dexter, Karen; Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus; Steen, Henning; Bodvin, Torjan; Coleman, Melinda A.; Moy, Frithjof Emil & Wernberg, Thomas (2020). Green gravel: a novel restoration tool to combat kelp forests decline. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10, s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60553-x Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Wortel, Meike Tessa; Peters, Han; Bonachela, Juan A. & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Continual evolution through coupled fast and slow feedbacks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  117(8), s 4234- 4242 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1916345117
• Lie, Marie; Winsvold, Bendik; Gjerstad, Johannes; Matre, Dagfinn; Pedersen, Linda Margareth; Heuch, Ingrid; Zwart, John-Anker & Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard (2020). The association between selected genetic variants and individual differences in experimental pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain.  ISSN 1877-8860.  21(1), s 163- 173 . doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0091 Vis sammendrag

  Objectives The underlying mechanisms for individual differences in experimental pain are not fully understood, but genetic susceptibility is hypothesized to explain some of these differences. In the present study we focus on three genetic variants important for modulating experimental pain related to serotonin (SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 A>G), catecholamine (COMT rs4680 Val158Met) and opioid (OPRM1 rs1799971 A118G) signaling. We aimed to investigate associations between each of the selected genetic variants and individual differences in experimental pain. Methods In total 356 subjects (232 low back pain patients and 124 healthy volunteers) were genotyped and assessed with tests of heat pain threshold, pressure pain thresholds, heat pain tolerance, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), offset analgesia, temporal summation and secondary hyperalgesia. Low back pain patients and healthy volunteers did not differ in regards to experimental test results or allelic frequencies, and were therefore analyzed as one group. The associations were tested using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results No significant associations were observed between the genetic variants (SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 A>G, COMT rs4680 Val158Met and OPRM1 rs1799971 A118G) and individual differences in experimental pain (heat pain threshold, pressure pain threshold, heat pain tolerance, CPM, offset analgesia, temporal summation and secondary hyperalgesia). Conclusions The selected pain-associated genetic variants were not associated with individual differences in experimental pain. Genetic variants well known for playing central roles in pain perception failed to explain individual differences in experimental pain in 356 subjects. The finding is an important contribution to the literature, which often consists of studies with lower sample size and one or few experimental pain assessments.

• Margiotta, Azzurra; Frei, Dominik Michael; Sendstad, Ingrid Hegnes; Janssen, Lennert; Neefjes, Jacques & Bakke, Oddmund (2020). Invariant chain regulates endosomal fusion and maturation through an interaction with the SNARE Vti1b. Journal of Cell Science.  ISSN 0021-9533.  133 . doi: 10.1242/jcs.244624
• Nilsen, Jeannette; Trabjerg, Esben; Grevys, Algirdas; Azevedo, Claudia; Brennan, Stephen O.; Stensland, Maria; Wilson, John; Sand, Kine Marita Knudsen; Bern, Malin C.; Dalhus, Bjørn; Roopenian, Derry C.; Sandlie, Inger; Rand, Kasper D. & Andersen, Jan Terje (2020). An intact C-terminal end of albumin is required for its long half-life in humans. Communications Biology.  ISSN 2399-3642.  3(1) . doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0903-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hubbard, Jonathan J.; Pyzik, Michal; Rath, Timo; Kozicky, Lisa K.; Sand, Kine Marita Knudsen; Gandhi, Amit K.; Grevys, Algirdas; Foss, Stian; Menzies, Susan C.; Glickman, Jonathan N.; Fiebiger, Edda; Roopenian, Derry C.; Sandlie, Inger; Andersen, Jan Terje; Sly, Laura M.; Baker, Kristi & Blumberg, Richard S. (2020). FcRn is a CD32a coreceptor that determines susceptibility to IgG immune complex-driven autoimmunity. Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM).  ISSN 0022-1007.  217(10) . doi: 10.1084/jem.20200359
• Bern, Malin C.; Nilsen, Jeannette; Ferrarese, Mattia; Sand, Kine Marita Knudsen; Tollefsrud Gjølberg, Torleif; Lode, Heidrun Elisabeth; Davidson, Robert J.; Camire, Rodney M.; Bækkevold, Espen Sønderaal; Foss, Stian; Grevys, Algirdas; Dalhus, Bjørn; Wilson, John; Høydahl, Lene; Christianson, Gregory J.; Roopenian, Derry C.; Schlothauer, Tilman; Michaelsen, Terje Einar; Moe, Morten Carsten; Lombardi, Silvia; Pinotti, Mirko; Sandlie, Inger; Branchini, Alessio & Andersen, Jan Terje (2020). An engineered human albumin enhances half-life and transmucosal delivery when fused to protein-based biologics. Science Translational Medicine.  ISSN 1946-6234.  12(565), s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0580 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Nowak, Michael; Pedersen, Anne Tiril Myhre; Brysting, Anne Krag; Schrøder-Nielsen, Audun; Elven, Reidar & Bjorå, Charlotte Sletten (2020). Testing hypotheses of hybrid origins for two seashore species of Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae). Botanical journal of the Linnean Society.  ISSN 0024-4074.  194(1), s 110- 117 . doi: 10.1093/botlinnean/boaa030 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Taugbøl, Annette; Quinn, Thomas P.; Østbye, Kjartan & Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2020). Allometric relationships in morphological traits associated with foraging, swimming ability, and predator defense reveal adaptations toward brackish and freshwater environments in the threespine stickleback. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10, s 13412- 13426 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.6945 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Freshwater colonization by threespine stickleback has led to divergence in morphology between ancestral marine and derived freshwater populations, making them ideal for studying natural selection on phenotypes. In an open brackish–freshwater system, we previously discovered two genetically distinct stickleback populations that also differ in geometric shape: one mainly found in the brackish water lagoon and one throughout the freshwater system. As shape and size are not perfectly correlated, the aim of this study was to identify the morphological trait(s) that separated the populations in geometric shape. We measured 23 phenotypes likely to be important for foraging, swimming capacity, and defense against predation. The lateral plate morphs in freshwater displayed few significant changes in trait sizes, but the low plated expressed feeding traits more associated with benthic habitats. When comparing the completely plated genetically assigned populations, the freshwater, the hybrids, the migrants and the lagoon fish, many of the linear traits had different slopes and intercepts in trait‐size regressions, precluding our ability to directly compare all traits simultaneously, which most likely results from low variation in body length for the lagoon and migrant population. We found the lagoon stickleback population to be more specialized toward the littoral zone, displaying benthic traits such as large, deep bodies with smaller eyes compared to the freshwater completely plated morph. Further, the lagoon and migrant fish had an overall higher body coverage of lateral plates compared to freshwater fish, and the dorsal and pelvic spines were longer. Evolutionary constraints due to allometric scaling relationships could explain the observed, overall restricted, differences in morphology between the sticklebacks in this study, as most traits have diversified in common allometric trajectories. The observed differences in foraging and antipredation traits between the fish with a lagoon and freshwater genetic signature are likely a result of genetic or plastic adaptations toward brackish and freshwater environments.

• Allesson, Lina; Andersen, Tom; Dörsch, Peter; Eiler, Alexander; Wei, Jing & Hessen, Dag Olav (2020). Phosphorus availability promotes bacterial DOC-mineralization, but not cumulative CO2-production. Frontiers in Microbiology.  ISSN 1664-302X.  11 . doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.569879 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lang, Iris; Evangelista, Charlotte; Everts, Rebecca Marie; Loot, Géraldine & Cucherousset, Julien (2020). Stable resource polymorphism along the benthic littoral–pelagic axis in an invasive crayfish. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10(5), s 2650- 2660 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.6095 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Thorstensen, Helene; Ruus, Anders; Helberg, Morten; Bæk, Kine; Enge, Ellen Katrin & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management.  ISSN 1551-3777.  17, s 422- 433 . doi: 10.1002/ieam.4340 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban‐influenced fjord, the Norwegian Oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein‐associated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), Hg, and dietary markers in blood (n = 15), and eggs (n = 15) between the herring gull and the strict marine‐feeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) in the breeding period of May 2017. Dietary markers showed that the herring gull was less representative of the marine food web than the common eider. We found higher concentrations of lipophilic OHCs (wet weight and lipid weight) and Hg (dry weight) in the blood of common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 210 ± 126 ng/g ww, 60 600 ± 28 300 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.94 ± 0.438 ng/g dw) than of the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 19.0 ± 15.6 ng/g ww, 1210 ± 1510 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.26 ± 0.438 ng/g dw). Eggs gave opposite results; higher wet weight and lipid weight OHC concentrations in the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 257 ± 203 ng/g ww, 3240 ± 2610 ng/g lw) than the common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 18.2 ± 20.8 ng/g ww, 101 ± 121 ng/g lw), resulting in higher OHC maternal transfer ratios in gulls than eiders. We suggest that the matrix differences are due to fasting during incubation in the common eider. We suggest that in urban areas, herring gull might not be representative as an indicator of marine contamination but rather urban contaminant exposure. The common eider is a better indicator of marine pollution in the Oslofjord. The results are influenced by the matrix choice, as breeding strategy affects lipid dynamics regarding the transfer of lipids and contaminants to eggs and remobilization of contaminants from lipids to blood during incubation, when blood is drawn from the mother. Our results illustrate the benefit of a multispecies approach for a thorough picture of contaminant status in urban marine ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;00:1–12. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

• Barreto, A.; Carvalho, A.; Campos, A.; Osório, H.; Pinto, Edgar; Almeida, Agostinho; Trindade, T.; Soares, A.M.V.M.; Hylland, Ketil; Loureiro, Susana & Oliveira, M. (2020). Effects of gold nanoparticles in gilthead seabream—A proteomic approach. Aquatic Toxicology.  ISSN 0166-445X.  221, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105445
• Jenssen, Andreas Langeland; Kauserud, Håvard & Maurice, Sundy Ursula Mary Jane (2020). High phenotypic variability in the wood decay fungus Phellopilus nigrolimitatus. Fungal ecology.  ISSN 1754-5048.  s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100982
• Sengupta, Sagnik; Leinaas, Hans Petter; van Gestel, Cornelis A.M.; Rundberget, Jan Thomas & Borgå, Katrine (2020). A Multiple Life‐History Trait–Based and Time‐Resolved Assessment of Imidacloprid Effects and Recovery in the Widely Distributed Collembolan Folsomia quadrioculata. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.  ISSN 0730-7268.  40(1), s 139- 147 . doi: 10.1002/etc.4897 Vis sammendrag

  Life history traits determine individual fitness and the fate of populations. Imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, which persists in soil for more than 100 d at biologically relevant levels, may affect non‐target and ecologically important species, such as collembolans. In the present study, we determined the sublethal effects of short‐term imidacloprid exposure and post‐exposure recovery in the collembolan Folsomia quadrioculata, which occurs abundantly across the northern hemisphere. We assessed survival, egg production, and hatching success in adult springtails exposed for 14 d through the diet to imidacloprid followed by a 28 d post‐exposure phase. Survival and hatching success were high throughout the experiment in all the treatments, with no clear concentration dependency. However, egg production declined during the exposure phase and nearly stopped between 8 and 14 d in all the treatments (except the control), but resumed during the post‐exposure phase. Moreover, the resumption of egg production showed a concentration‐dependent delay. Our findings suggest that low imidacloprid exposures can restrict reproduction, with potentially severe consequences for the population, notwithstanding the partial recovery in egg production.

• Winter, Anna-Marie & Hutchings, Jeffrey (2020). Impediments to fisheries recovery in Canada: Policy and institutional constraints on developing management practices compliant with the precautionary approach. Marine Policy.  ISSN 0308-597X.  121, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104161
• Oomen, Rebekah Alice; Kuparinen, Anna & Hutchings, Jeffrey (2020). Consequences of single-locus and tightly linked genomic architectures for evolutionary responses to environmental change. Journal of Heredity.  ISSN 0022-1503.  111(4), s 319- 332 . doi: 10.1093/jhered/esaa020 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Wang, Nelson; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Hadjineophytou, Chris; Reinar, William Brynildsen; Børud, Bente; Vik, Åshild & Koomey, John Michael (2020). Allelic polymorphisms in a glycosyltransferase gene shape glycan repertoire in the O-linked protein glycosylation system of Neisseria. Glycobiology.  ISSN 0959-6658. . doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa073 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Barreto, A.; Dias, Ana Cláudia; Duarte, B.; Pinto, Edgar; Almeida, Agostinho; Trindade, T.; Soares, A.M.V.M.; Hylland, Ketil; Loureiro, Susana & Oliveira, M. (2020). Biological effects and bioaccumulation of gold in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) – Nano versus ionic form. Science of the Total Environment.  ISSN 0048-9697.  716, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137026
• Allesson, Lina; Koehler, Birgit; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Andersen, Tom & Hessen, Dag O (2020). The role of photomineralization for CO2 emissions in boreal lakes along a gradient of dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography.  ISSN 0024-3590.  66(1), s 158- 170 . doi: 10.1002/lno.11594 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Many boreal lakes are experiencing an increase in concentrations of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM)—a process commonly labeled “browning.” Browning affects microbial and photochemical mineralization of DOM, and causes increased light attenuation and hence reduced photosynthesis. Consequently, browning regulates lake heterotrophy and net CO2‐efflux to the atmosphere. Climate and environmental change makes ecological forecasting and global carbon cycle modeling increasingly important. A proper understanding of the magnitude and relative contribution from CO2‐generating processes for lakes ranging in dissolve organic carbon (DOC) concentrations is therefore crucial for constraining models and forecasts. Here, we aim to study the relative contribution of photomineralization to total CO2 production in 70 Scandinavian lakes along an ecosystem gradient of DOC concentration. We combined spectral data from the lakes with regression estimates between optical parameters and wavelength specific photochemical reactivity to estimate rates of photochemical DOC mineralization. Further, we estimated total in‐lake CO2‐production and efflux from lake chemical and physical data. Photochemical mineralization corresponded on average to 9% ± 1% of the total CO2‐evasion, with the highest contribution in clear lakes. The calculated relative contribution of photochemical mineralization to total in‐lake CO2‐production was about 3% ± 0.2% in all lakes. Although lakes differed substantially in color, depth‐integrated photomineralization estimates were similar in all lakes, regardless of DOC concentrations. DOC concentrations were positively related to CO2‐efflux and total in‐lake CO2‐production but negatively related to primary production. We conclude that enhanced rates of photochemical mineralization will be a minor contributor to increased heterotrophy under increased browning.

• Tsjokajev, Ahmad; Røberg-Larsen, Hanne; Wilson, Steven Ray Haakon; Anne Berit Dyve, Lingelem; Skotland, Tore; Sandvig, Kirsten & Lundanes, Elsa (2020). Mass spectrometry-based measurements of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in cells, simplified using reversed phase liquid chromatography with a polar characterized stationary phase. Journal of chromatography. B.  ISSN 1570-0232.  1160, s 1- 6 . doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122384 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Laroche, Oliver; Kersten, Oliver; Smith, Craig R. & Goetze, Erica (2020). From sea surface to seafloor: A benthic allochthonous eDNA survey for the abyssal ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science.  ISSN 2296-7745.  7, s 1- 16 . doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00682 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Cui, Yujun; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Cao, Hanli; Dai, Xiang; Du, Zhongmin; Easterday, William Ryan; Fang, Haihong; Guo, Chenying; Huang, Shanqian; Liu, Wanbing; Qi, Zhizhen; Song, Yajun; Tian, Huaiyu; Wang, Min; Wu, Yarong; Xu, Bing; Yang, Chao; Yang, Jing; Yang, Xianwei; Zhang, Qingwen; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Zhang, Yujiang; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Yang, Ruifu (2020). Evolutionary selection of biofilm-mediated extended phenotypes in Yersinia pestis in response to a fluctuating environment. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  11, s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14099-w Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Nilsson, Pernille; Solbakken, Monica Hongrø; Schmid, Boris Valentijn; Orr, Russell; Lv, Ruichen; Cui, Yujun; Song, Yajun; Zhang, Yujiang; Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Tørresen, Ole K.; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Yang, Ruifu; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Easterday, William Ryan & Jentoft, Sissel (2020). The Genome of the Great Gerbil Reveals Species-Specific Duplication of an MHCII Gene. Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE).  ISSN 1759-6653.  12(2), s 3832- 3849 . doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaa008 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Nilsson, Anna L.K.; Reitan, Trond; Skaugen, Thomas; L'Abee-Lund, Jan Henning; Gamelon, Marlène; Jerstad, Kurt; Røstad, Ole Wiggo; Slagsvold, Tore; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Walseng, Bjørn (2020). Location is everything, but climate gets a share: analyzing small-scale environmental influences on breeding success in the white-throated dipper. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2296-701X.  8 . doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.542846 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Berntsen, Hanne Friis; Moldes-Anaya, Angel; Bjørklund, Cesilie Granum; Ragazzi, Lorenzo; Haug, Trude M; Strandabø, Rønnaug; Verhaegen, Steven; Paulsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Ropstad, Erik & Tasker, Andrew (2020). Perfluoroalkyl acids potentiate glutamate excitotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule neurons. Toxicology.  ISSN 0300-483X.  445 . doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152610 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent man-made chemicals, ubiquitous in nature and present in human samples. Although restrictions are being introduced, they are still used in industrial processes as well as in consumer products. PFAAs cross the blood-brain-barrier and have been observed to induce adverse neurobehavioural effects in humans and animals as well as adverse effects in neuronal in vitro studies. The sulfonated PFAA perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), has been shown to induce excitotoxicity via the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) in cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In the present study the aim was to further characterise PFOS-induced toxicity (1–60 μM) in rat CGNs, by examining interactions between PFOS and elements of glutamatergic signalling and excitotoxicity. Effects of the carboxylated PFAA, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 300–500 μM) on the same endpoints were also examined. During experiments in immature cultures at days in vitro (DIV) 8, PFOS increased both the potency and efficacy of glutamate, whereas in mature cultures at DIV 14 only increased potency was observed. PFOA also increased potency at DIV 14. PFOS-enhanced glutamate toxicity was further antagonised by the competitive NMDA-R antagonist 3-((R)-2-Carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) at DIV 8. At DIV 8, PFOS also induced glutamate release (9–13 fold increase vs DMSO control) after 1−3 and 24 h exposure, whereas for PFOA a large (80 fold) increase was observed, but only after 24 h. PFOS and PFOA both also increased alanine and decreased serine levels after 24 h exposure. In conclusion, our results indicate that PFOS at concentrations relevant in an occupational setting, may be inducing excitotoxicity, and potentiation of glutamate signalling, via an allosteric action on the NMDA-R or by actions on other elements regulating glutamate release or NMDA-R function. Our results further support our previous findings that PFOS and PFOA at equipotent concentrations induce toxicity via different mechanisms of action.

• Tamayo, Ana-Maria Peris; Devineau, Olivier; Præbel, Kim; Kahilainen, Kimmo Kalevi & Østbye, Kjartan (2020). A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10(20), s 11335- 11351 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.6771 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Nordbotten, Jan Martin; Bokma, Folmer; Hermansen, Jo Skeie & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). The dynamics of trait variance in multi-species communities. Royal Society Open Science.  ISSN 2054-5703.  7(8), s 1- 20 . doi: 10.1098/rsos.200321 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• White, Robert G. & Reimers, Eigil (2020). Phenotypic plasticity following weaning: winter body mass trends and food intake in relation to temperature by an arctic ungulate. Polar Biology.  ISSN 0722-4060.  43(3), s 193- 205 . doi: 10.1007/s00300-020-02623-4
• Dale, Karina; Yadetie, Fekadu; Müller, Mette Helen Bjørge; Pampanin, Daniela Maria; Gilabert, Alejandra; Zhang, Xiaokang; Tairova, Zhanna; Haarr, Ane; Lille-Langøy, Roger; Lyche, Jan Ludvig; Porte, Cinta; Karlsen, Odd Andre & Goksøyr, Anders (2020). Proteomics and lipidomics analyses reveal modulation of lipid metabolism by perfluoroalkyl substances in liver of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Aquatic Toxicology.  ISSN 0166-445X.  227 . doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105590 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Næs, Guro; Storesund, Jan Ove; Udayakumar, Priyanga-Dina; Ledsaak, Marit & Gabrielsen, Odd Stokke (2020). Dissecting the transactivation domain (tAD) of the transcription factor c‐Myb to assess recent models of tAD function. FEBS Open Bio.  ISSN 2211-5463.  10(11), s 2329- 2342 . doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.12978 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Adrian-Kalchhauser, Irene; Blomberg, Anders; Larsson, Tomas; Musilova, Zuzana; Peart, Claire R.; Pippel, Martin; Solbakken, Monica Hongrø; Suurväli, Jaanus; Walser, Jean-Claude; Wilson, Joanna Yvonne; Alm Rosenblad, Magnus; Burguera, Demian; Gutnik, Silvia; Michiels, Nico; Töpel, Mats; Pankov, Kirill; Schloissnig, Siegfried & Winkler, Sylke (2020). The round goby genome provides insights into mechanisms that may facilitate biological invasions. BMC Biology.  ISSN 1741-7007.  18(11), s 1- 33 . doi: 10.1186/s12915-019-0731-8 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Tamrat, Misganaw; Atickem, Anagaw Meshesha; Tsegaye, Diress; Evangelista, Paul; Bekele, Afework & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). The effect of season and post-fire on habitat preferences of the endangered Swayne's hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) in Maze National Park, Ethiopia. BMC Ecology.  ISSN 1472-6785.  20 . doi: 10.1186/s12898-020-0275-3 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Janion-Scheepers, Charlene; Bengtsson, Jan; Duffy, Grant A.; Deharveng, Louis; Leinaas, Hans Petter & Chown, Steven L. (2020). High spatial turnover in springtails of the Cape Floristic Region. Journal of Biogeography.  ISSN 0305-0270.  47(5), s 1007- 1018 . doi: 10.1111/jbi.13801
• Gonzalez Flores, Melisa; Rodríguez, María Eugenia; Peris, David; Querol, Amparo; Barrio, Eladio & Lopes, Christian Ariel (2020). Human-associated migration of Holarctic Saccharomyces uvarum strains to Patagonia. Fungal ecology.  ISSN 1754-5048.  48, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100990 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Thoen, Ella; Harder, Christoffer Bugge; Kauserud, Håvard; Botnen, Synnøve Smebye; Vik, Unni; Taylor, Andy F.S.; Menkis, Audrius & Skrede, Inger (2020). In vitro evidence of root colonization suggests ecological versatility in the genus Mycena. New Phytologist.  ISSN 0028-646X.  227, s 601- 612 . doi: 10.1111/nph.16545 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Skrede, Inger; Ballester Gonzalvo, Luis; Mathiesen, Cecilie & Schumacher, Trond (2020). The genera Helvella and Dissingia (Ascomycota: Pezizomycetes) in Europe – Notes on species from Spain. Fungal Systematics and Evolution.  ISSN 2589-3831.  6(1), s 65- 93 . doi: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.05 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mysterud, Atle; Rauset, Geir Rune; Van Moorter, Bram; Andersen, Roy; Strand, Olav & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2020). The last moves: The effect of hunting and culling on the risk of disease spread from a population of reindeer. Journal of Applied Ecology.  ISSN 0021-8901.  57, s 2509- 2518 . doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13761 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  1. Hunting and culling are frequently used to combat infectious wildlife diseases. The aim is to markedly lower population density in order to limit disease transmission or to eradicate the host. Massive host culling can yield a trade-off when combating wildlife disease; it follows that intrusive actions may have unintended behavioural side effects, leading to the geographic spread of disease. The manner in which such excessive hunting and culling of hosts can affect the movement and dispersion of cervids has not been studied. 2. In this study, we quantified the behaviour (daily movements and habitat use) and dispersion of GPS-marked reindeer (n = 24) before and during the eradication of an entire population (>2,000 reindeer) infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Norway. We compared behaviour and dispersion during 10 ordinary hunting seasons (2007–2016), an extended hunting season (2017) and marksmen culling (2017/2018). 3. Seasonality had a major impact on movements. Reindeer movements during the early hunting season (20 August–20 September) did not increase the overall movements compared to that in the pre-hunt season (20 July–19 August), while extended hunting into October (as in 2017) and marksmen culling from November to February markedly increased daytime movements relative to that normally observed in this time of the year. Towards the end of the eradication, the remaining reindeer sought refuge at restricted high-elevation areas with limited forage production. Reindeer used novel areas towards the perimeter of the range, but active herding during culling stopped one herd from leaving the CWD zone. 4. Synthesis and applications. With emerging wildlife diseases, host culling is becoming a more frequently used tool for managers in Europe. Our study highlights the potential trade-off between combating disease transmission within a population and the risk of geographic spread. Such insight is important to design mitigation measures, such as perimeter fencing or herding, to avoid the risk of the geographic spread of disease in cases of severe and economically important wildlife diseases. cervids, chronic wasting disease, disease ecology, disease management, host culling, movement ecology, spatial organization, unintended side effects

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Vestre, Katharina & Vestre, Linnea (2020). Dyrenes rekordbok. Aschehoug & Co.  ISBN 9788203265464.  82 s.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Lönn-Stensrud, Jessica; Skattebu, Julie; Gadmar, Tone Charlotte & Konestabo, Heidi Sjursen (2021). From black screens to success.
• Karlsson, Per Erik; Pleijel, Håkan; Andersson, Camilla; Bergström, Robert; Engardt, Magnuz; Eriksen, Aud Else Berglen; Falk, Stefanie; Klingberg, Jenny; Langner, Joakim; Manninen, Sirkku; Stordal, Frode; Tømmervik, Hans & Vollsnes, Ane Victoria (2021). The vulnerability of northern European vegetation to ozone damage in a changing climate An assessment based on current knowledge.
• Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Våge, Jørn; Hopp, Petter; Benestad, Sylvie L.; Viljugrein, Hildegunn; Solberg, Erling Johan; Andersen, Roy; Strand, Olav; Vikøren, Turid; Madslien, Knut Ivar Engesæter; Tarpai, Attila; Fremstad, Jørn; Veiberg, Vebjørn; Heim, Morten; Holmstrøm, Frode & Mysterud, Atle (2021). Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (Chronic Wasting Disease - CWD) 2020. NINA rapport. 1983. Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten oppsummerer arbeidet som er gjennomført i 2020 for å kartlegge forekomsten av CWD, etter at sykdommen ble påvist hos villrein og elg i 2016. Den oppsummerer også totalt antall hjortedyr som er testet i perioden 2016-2020. I 2020 ble 22 527 hjortedyr testet for CWD, og myndighetenes mål om testing av 22 000 hjortedyr ble dermed nådd. I løpet av året ble det påvist ett tilfelle av klassisk CWD hos en 8 år gammel villreinbukk på Hardangervidda og ett nytt tilfelle av atypisk CWD hos en 17 år gammel elgku i Steinkjer kommune. Totalt er det i perioden 2016-2020 påvist klassisk CWD hos 20 villrein, og atypisk CWD hos sju elgkyr og ei hjortekolle. Prøvetakingen i 2020 omfattet som tidligere både hjerneprøve og lymfeknuter (primært svelglymfeknuter). Av de innsamlede prøvene inneholdt 72 % begge vevstypene. Dette er noe lavere enn i 2019 og 2018 med henholdsvis 78 % og 80 %. Selv om det har vært god oppslutning om prøveinnsamlingen og det er et høyt antall testede dyr, er det utfordringer med dårlig kvalitet på en god del prøver og det er problemer med mangelfull registrering. For eksempel var 3 % av prøvene ikke merket med kommune eller område, 2 % manglet informasjon om art, og for 9 % av ville hjortedyr manglet informasjon om prøven kom fra jakt eller fallvilt. I 2020 ble det testet i overkant av 20 % av registrerte fallvilt av viltlevende hjortedyr, noe som er en lavere andel enn ønsket. I gjennomsnitt ble over 80 % av felte villrein i de ulike villreinområdene testet, men bare for 67 % av disse ble det sendt inn både hjerne og lymfeknute. Med prøver fra både lymfeknute og hjerne vil det ta kortere tid å få kunnskap om forekomst og prevalens i områder med smitte og vi kan raskere sannsynliggjøre fravær av CWD i områder uten smitte. Fremover er det viktig å avklare om klassisk CWD forekommer i andre områder, og særlig i områder nær Nordfjella og Hardangervidda. Et stort antall prøver er dessuten viktig for å øke kunnskapen om forekomsten av atypisk CWD hos hjortedyr. Kunnskapen som er ervervet så langt viser at det er viktig å kjenne alder på dyrene. Dette gjelder både for klassisk og atypisk CWD. Hjorter og elger fra Fennoskandia med påvist atypisk CWD har vært gamle dyr. Det er derfor fortsatt ønskelig å aldersbestemme hjortevilt i utvalgte områder de neste årene, både fallvilt og dyr som felles under jakta. Med bedre kunnskap om aldersfordelingen kan vi med større sikkerhet beregne forekomst av atypisk CWD, og eventuelt også klassisk CWD, i ulike bestander.

• Tjessem, Ingrid Vesterdal; Eidesen, Pernille Bronken & Brysting, Anne Krag (2021). Polyploidy in Saxifraga oppositifolia. A shift in reproductive parameters, a result of environmental adaptations?.
• Sandven, Stein; Sagen, Hanne; Pirazzini, Roberta; Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka; Voss, Peter; Danielsen, Finn; Iversen, Lisbeth; Pedro, Goncalves; Hamre, Torill; Ottersen, Geir; Sejr, Mikael; Gustavson, David B.; Higgins, Ruth & Buch, Erik (2021). Building integrated Arctic observing systems from in situ platforms. Vis sammendrag

  A major objective of the H2020 INTAROS project is to strengthen and extend the Arctic in situ observing systems for atmosphere, ocean and terrestrial disciplines (www.intaros.eu ). The in situ observing systems are only used in very limited areas, due technological and infrastructures limitations. Extensive research efforts are undertaken in order to develop, test and operate new observing platforms under Arctic conditions. In addition to scientific observing systems, there are Community-Based Monitoring programmes where data are collected by local communities to support their requirements for information about climate change, natural resources, and other topics. A major challenge in Arctic data management and data sharing is the heterogeneity and complexity in data collected in the difference scientific disciplines. INTAROS has focus on improving the data accessibility from a large number of distributed observing systems and to develop adequate data management systems. To enable data sharing it is necessary to develop interoperability between observing systems and data systems. The observing systems are developed in agreement with the overarching principles FAIR (Findable Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and CARE (Collective benefit; Authority to control; Responsibility; Ethics). Data provided by the project partners are available from a number of different data repositories via the INTAROS data catalogue (https://catalog- intaros.nersc.no/).

• Ottersen, Geir; Sejr, Mikael K; Kruschke, Tim; van der Meeren, Gro Ingleid; Sagen, Hanne; Solgaard, Anne; Göckede, Mathias; Danielsen, Finn & Maar, Marie (2021). Demonstrating applications of an Integrated Arctic Observing System towards selected, diverse stakeholder groups. Vis sammendrag

  The overall objective of INTAROS is to build an efficient and sustainable integrated Arctic Observation System (iAOS) by extending, improving and unifying existing systems. An important part of this is the work done in INTAROS’ WP6 to demonstrate application of the iAOS by delivering a suite of products targeted at issues of societal importance. These pilot applications will demonstrate services towards end-users. WP6 will show the iAOS’ capability for advancing the economic role of the Arctic by providing support for better-documented processes and better-informed decisions within key sectors such as shipping, petroleum, fishing, and tourism. Further, WP6 aims to demonstrate how the iAOS may be applied to develop the accuracy of climate models, improve the understanding of biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning, enhance fisheries and environmental management, increase the level of preparedness towards natural hazards, and develop better management and decision making concepts for selected local communities. Concrete demonstrations include for heavy snow precipitation on Svalbard, hydrographic data in the Barents Sea, trawl data on fish off Greenland, and modelling of large-scale fresh-water flow. In this presentation we will focus on the Highlights from WP6 and provide a Synthesis of results. We will also provide information about and lessons learned from our work and implication for future work. WP6 will provide input to the INTAROS roadmap.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Gudbrandsdalslågen. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(13) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Gudbrandsdalslågen er Mjøsas største tilløpselv og er avgjørende både for vannkvaliteten og den økologiske dynamikken i Mjøsa. Vannkvaliteten i Lågen er bedret sammenliknet med 1970- og 80-tallet, og til tross for mye jordbruk og bebyggelse i hele Gudbrandsdalen er den økologiske tilstanden god eller svært god med hensyn til eutrofiering langs mesteparten av elva. Det er imidlertid indikasjoner på at både transport og konsentrasjon av fosfor og nitrogen har økt det siste tiåret, bl.a. som følge av hyppigere flommer. De menneskeskapte tilførslene av fosfor til Gudbrandsdalslågen kommer fra jordbruket i tillegg til avløp. Jordbruket i nedbørfeltet til Lågen er dominert av grasdyrking og husdyrproduksjon. Over de siste 20 årene har det vært en liten nedgang i antall melkekyr, men for øvrig har husdyrtettheten vært ganske stabil. Bruk av fosforfri mineralgjødsel i tillegg til husdyrgjødsel er et viktig tiltak for å redusere fosforavrenningen, særlig der jordas fosforstatus er høy. Konsentrasjoner av E. coli i elva indikerer at avløp eller husdyrgjødsel bidrar til næringsstoffavrenningen og tiltak for disse kildene bør prioriteres. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Opprettholdelse av god vannkvalitet i Mjøsa er avhengig av målrettede tiltak i de ulike vassdragene som har utløp i Mjøsa. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold, kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltet til Gudbrandsdalslågen.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Gausa. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(12) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Gausa har vært betydelig påvirket av både avløp, husdyrhold og arealavrenning fra jordbruket. Over tid har vannkvaliteten blitt bedre, og den økologiske tilstanden har vært god eller svært god med hensyn til eutrofiering i nedre deler av elva de siste årene. Lokalt i vassdraget er derimot den økologiske tilstanden fortsatt moderat. Beregninger for 2016 viser at hovedkildene til de menneskeskapte tilførslene av fosfor til elva er jordbruk og avløp. Avløp er den største kilden til biotilgjengelig fosfor. Fortsatt opprydding i spredt avløp er derfor det viktigste tiltaket for å bedre vannkvaliteten i elva. Jordbruket i Gausas nedbørfelt er dominert av grasdyrking og husdyrproduksjon. Fosforstatus i dyrket mark er høy og dette medfører risiko for avrenning av fosfor. Redusert fosforgjødsling er et viktig tiltak for å redusere fosforavrenningen fra jordbruksarealene. Konsentrasjoner av E. coli i elva indikerer at avløp eller husdyrgjødsel bidrar til næringsstoffavrenningen og tiltak for disse kildene bør prioriteres. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Opprettholdelse av god vannkvalitet i Mjøsa er avhengig av målrettede tiltak i de ulike vassdragene som har utløp i Mjøsa. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold, kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltet til Gausa.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Skanselva og Bausbakkelva. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(11) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Skanselva og Bausbakkelva har vært betydelig påvirket av både avløp, husdyrhold og arealavrenning fra jordbruket. Det foreligger få nyere undersøkelser av økologisk tilstand med hensyn til eutrofiering, men den er trolig moderat i midtre og nedre deler av begge elvene. Beregninger for 2016 viser at hovedkildene til det menneskeskapte tapet av fosfor er jordbruk og avløp. Avløp er den største kilden til biotilgjengelig fosfor. Fortsatt oppgradering av spredt avløp er derfor det viktigste tiltaket for å bedre vannkvaliteten i elvene. I jordbruket har det over de siste 20 årene skjedd endringer som kan ha påvirket vannkvaliteten i elva og tilførslene til Mjøsa. Husdyrtettheten og fosforstatus i jorda har økt, noe som medfører økt risiko for fosforavrenning. Redusert fosforgjødsling generelt og bruk av fosforfri gjødsel på jord med høyt fosforinnhold er viktige tiltak for å redusere fosfortilførselen til elvene fra jordbruksarealene. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Opprettholdelse av god vannkvalitet i Mjøsa er avhengig av målrettede tiltak i de ulike vassdragene som har utløp i Mjøsa. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold, kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltene til Skanselva og Bausbakkelva.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Heggshuselva. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(10) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Heggshuselva har vært betydelig påvirket av både avløp, husdyrhold og arealavrenning fra jordbruket. Det foreligger få nyere undersøkelser av vannmiljøet i elva, men økologisk tilstand med hensyn til eutrofiering er trolig moderat. Beregninger for 2016 viser at hovedkildene til de menneskeskapte tilførslene av fosfor er jordbruk og avløp. Avløp er den største kilden til biotilgjengelig fosfor. Fortsatt opprydding i spredt avløp er derfor det viktigste tiltaket for å bedre vannkvaliteten i elva. Det har likevel over de siste 20 årene skjedd endringer i jordbruket i nedbørfeltet som kan ha hatt positiv effekt på vannkvaliteten i elva og tilførslene til Mjøsa. Husdyrtettheten er redusert og det samme gjelder kornarealet, mens andelen av kornarealet som overvintret i stubb har økt. Fosforstatus i jordbruksjorda er imidlertid høy og har ikke endret seg de siste 20 årene. En fortsatt nedgang i husdyrtetthet med redusert spredning av husdyrgjødsel på jordbruksarealene vil føre til redusert fosforstatus i jorda og redusert avrenning av fosfor. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Opprettholdelse av god vannkvalitet i Mjøsa er avhengig av målrettede tiltak i de ulike vassdragene som har utløp i Mjøsa. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold, kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltet til Heggshuselva.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Moelva og Tingnes-Brøttum. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(9) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Moelva og bekkene i området Tingnes-Brøttum har vært betydelig påvirket av både avløp, husdyrhold og arealavrenning fra jordbruket. Over tid har vannkvaliteten blitt bedre og de nyeste undersøkelsene viser stort sett god økologisk tilstand med hensyn til eutrofiering i Moelva. I området Tingnes-Brøttum er mange av bekkene trolig ikke i god økologisk tilstand. Beregninger for 2016 viser at hovedkildene til de menneskeskapte tilførslene av fosfor til vann er jordbruk og avløp. Avløp er den største kilden til biotilgjengelig fosfor. Fortsatt oppryffing i spredt avløp er derfor det viktigste tiltaket for å bedre vannkvaliteten. Over de siste 20 årene har det dessuten skjedd endringer i jordbruket som kan ha påvirket vannkvaliteten i elva og bekkene, og tilførslene til Mjøsa. Husdyrtettheten og fosforstatus i jorda har økt, og på kornarealene har det vært en svak nedgang i overvintring i stubb. Dette medfører økt risiko for fosforavrenning. Redusert fosforgjødsling, grasdekte vannveier i forsenkninger, og ‘ingen jordarbeiding om høsten’ vil derfor være viktige tiltak for å redusere fosfortilførslene til Mjøsa fra jordbruksarealene. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Opprettholdelse av god vannkvalitet i Mjøsa er avhengig av målrettede tiltak i de ulike elvene som har utløp i Mjøsa. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold, kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltet til Moelva og området Tingnes-Brøttum.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Svartelva. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(8) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Svarteelva har vært betydelig påvirket av både avløp, husdyrhold og arealavrenning fra jordbruket. Over tid har vannkvaliteten blitt bedre, og i hovedelva og sideelva Fura er den økologiske tilstanden med hensyn til eutrofiering stort sett god. Lokalt i elva oppnås likevel ikke god økologisk tilstand. I sideelva Nordre Starelva er f.eks. den økologiske tilstanden dårlig til moderat. Beregninger for 2016 viser at hovedkildene til de menneskeskapte tilførslene av fosfor til vann er avløp og jordbruk. Avløp er den største kilden til biotilgjengelig fosfor. Fortsatt opprydding i spredt avløp er derfor det viktigste tiltaket for å bedre vannkvaliteten i elva. Over de siste 20 årene har det skjedd endringer i jordbruket som kan ha påvirket vannkvaliteten i elva og tilførslene til Mjøsa. Husdyrtettheten har økt og det har vært en halvering i areal med overvintring i stubb. Dessuten er fosforstatus i jordbruksjorda høy. Dette medfører økt risiko for fosforavrenning. Redusert fosforgjødsling, grasdekte vannveier i forsenkninger, og ‘ingen jordarbeiding om høsten’ vil derfor være viktige tiltak for å redusere fosfortilførslene til elva fra jordbruksarealene. Høye konsentrasjoner av E. coli i elva indikerer at avløp eller husdyrgjødsel bidrar til næringsstoffavrenningen og tiltak for disse kildene bør prioriteres. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold, kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltet til Svartelva.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Flagstadelva. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(7) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Flagstadelva har vært betydelig påvirket av både avløp, husdyrhold og arealavrenning fra jordbruket. Over tid har vannkvaliteten blitt bedre, men den økologiske tilstanden er fortsatt moderat med hensyn til eutrofiering i nedre deler av elva. Beregninger for 2016 viser at hovedkildene til de menneskeskapte tilførslene av fosfor til vann er avløp og jordbruk. Avløp er den største kilden til biotilgjengelig fosfor. Fortsatt opprydding i spredt avløp er derfor det viktigste tiltaket for å bedre vannkvaliteten i elva. Det har over de siste 20 årene skjedd endringer i jordbruket som kan ha påvirket vannkvaliteten i elva og tilførslene til Mjøsa. Husdyrtettheten og fosforstatus i jorda har økt, og på kornarealene har det vært en nedgang i overvintring i stubb. Dette medfører økt risiko for fosforavrenning. Redusert fosforgjødsling, grasdekte vannveier i forsenkninger, og ‘ingen jordarbeiding om høsten’ vil derfor være viktige tiltak for å redusere fosfortilførslene til elva fra jordbruksarealene. Høye konsentrasjoner av E. coli i elva i dag indikerer at avløp eller husdyrgjødsel bidrar til næringsstoffavrenningen og det er behov for tiltak for reduserte utslipp fra disse kildene. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Opprettholdelse av god vannkvalitet i Mjøsa er avhengig av målrettede tiltak i de ulike vassdragene som har utløp i Mjøsa. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold, kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltet til Flagstadelva, som renner ut i Åkersvika ved Hamar.

• Bechmann, Marianne; Thrane, Jan-Erik; Kværnø, Sigrun & Turtumøygard, Stein (2021). Eutrofiering av Mjøsa – kartlegging av årsaksforhold og kilder til fosfor i delnedbørfelt: Hunnselva. NIBIO POP.  ISSN 2464-1170.  7(6) Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Hunnselva har vært betydelig påvirket av både avløp, husdyrhold og arealavrenning fra jordbruket. Vannkvaliteten har blitt bedre sammenliknet med 1970, 1980 og 1990-tallet, men tilstanden med hensyn til eutrofiering er fortsatt moderat i nedre og midtre deler av elva. Avløp er den største kilden til biotilgjengelig fosfor. Fortsatt opprydding i spredt avløp er derfor det viktigste tiltaket for å bedre vannkvaliteten i elva. Beregninger fra 2016 viser at hovedkildene til det menneskeskapte fosfortapet er jordbruk og avløp. Jordbruksproduksjonen har endret seg lite i nedbørfeltet til Hunnselva over de siste 20 årene, og består av husdyr-, gras- og kornproduksjon. Fosforstatus i jorda er høy, og viser en svak økning i løpet av perioden. Dette medfører økt risiko for fosforavrenning. Redusert fosforgjødsling, grasdekte vannveier i forsenkninger, og ‘ingen jordarbeiding om høsten’ vil derfor være viktige tiltak for å redusere fosfortilførslene til elva fra jordbruksarealene. Miljøovervåkingen av Mjøsa, samt algeoppblomstringen i 2019, indikerer at innsjøen ikke tåler særlig større næringsstoffbelastning. Opprettholdelse av god vannkvalitet i Mjøsa er avhengig av målrettede tiltak i de ulike vassdragene som har utløp i Mjøsa. Dette faktaarket omhandler årsaksforhold,kilder og tiltak for redusert fosforavrenning fra nedbørfeltet til Hunnselva.

• Nordal, Inger (2021). «Arven etter Nansen: Banebrytende forskning nord for iskanten» – spilte også kvinnelige forskere en rolle fra starten av? Internasjonal dag for kvinner og jenter innen forskning..
• Bekkby, Trine; Michael, Burrows; Cebrian, Emma; Fredriksen, Stein; Kotta, Jonne; Milanese, Martina; Andersen, Guri Sogn; Boada, Jordi; Borchgrevink, Harald Bonaventura; Brkljacic, Marijana Stenrud; Fagerli, Camilla With; Gundersen, Hege; Kvile, Kristina Øie; Moy, Siri Røang & Rinde, Eli (2021). COASTFRAG – Impact of habitat fragmentation and loss on coastal ecosystems and implications for sustainable management under climate change.
• Bekkby, Trine; Burrows, Michael; Cebrian, Emma; Fredriksen, Stein; Kotta, Jonne; Milanese, Martina; Andersen, Guri Sogn; Boada, Jordi; Borchgrevink, Harald Bonaventura; Brkljacic, Marijana Stenrud; Fagerli, Camilla With; Gundersen, Hege; Kvile, Kristina Øie; Moy, Siri Røang & Rinde, Eli (2021). COASTFRAG - Effekter av fragmentering og tap av habitater på økosystemer i kystsonen og betydningen for b ærekraftig forvaltning i en verden i endring.
• Hermansen, Simen; Linke, Dirk & Orwick-Rydmark, Marcella (2021). Investigating the effects of loop modifications on the folding of outer membrane protein X.
• Thibau, Arno; Vaca, Diana; Linke, Dirk & Kempf, Volkhard A.J. (2021). Analysing the fibronectin binding properties of B. henselae adhesin A.
• Frigstad, Helene; Gundersen, Hege; Andersen, Guri Sogn; Borgersen, Gunhild; Kvile, Kristina Øie; Krause-Jensen, Dorte; Boström, Christoffer; Bekkby, Trine; d'Auriac, Marc Anglès; Ruus, Anders; Thormar, Jonas; Asdal, K & Hancke, Kasper (2021). Blue Carbon – climate adaptation, CO2 uptake and sequestration of carbon in Nordic blue forests. Results from the Nordic Blue Carbon Project.. TemaNord. 541. Vis sammendrag

  This report presents the main findings of the Nordic Blue Carbon Project (2017–2020) on the areal distribution and carbon budget of blue forests (kelp forests, seagrass meadows and rockweed beds) in the Nordic region. We have identified the main ecosystem effects of climate change and other human pressures on Nordic blue forests, tested the effect of moderating some of these pressures, and give scientific advice on management measures aimed at safeguarding these important coastal ecosystems for the future. Recently, there has been an increased focus on salt marshes as a blue forest habitat, however salt marshes were not covered in the Nordic Blue Carbon Project.

• Seuthe, Lena & Nilsen, Ina (2021). Video clip: Can Norway increase its fishing yield in the Barents Sea.
• Nederbragt, Alexander Johan (2020). Ten quick tips for teaching with participatory live coding. PLoS Computational Biology.  ISSN 1553-734X. . doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PCBI.1008090
• Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Odden, John; Thorsen, Neri Horntvedt & Rivrud, Inger Maren (2020). Overvåking av villsvinbestanden i Norge.
• Søbstad, Ingrid Holtan; Sælemyr, Lisbeth; Thorsen, Anders; Hylland, Ketil; Kögel, Tanja; Mortensen, Stein & Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar (2020). Nile Red and polarised light for visualization of microplastics in mussels (Mytilus spp.).
• Trunk, Thomas; Leo, Jack Christopher & Linke, Dirk (2020). Characterization and comparative analyses of type Vd-secreted phospholipases expressed in pathogenic bacteria.
• Bellas, Juan; Hylland, Ketil & Thierry, Burgeot (2020). Editorial: New Challenges in Marine Pollution Monitoring. Frontiers in Marine Science.  ISSN 2296-7745. . doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00820
• Rowe, Melissah; Veerus, Liisa; Trosvik, Pål; Buckling, Angus & Pizzari, Tommaso (2020). Reproductive Microbiomes and the Sexual Transmission of Beneficial Microbes: Reply to Lombardo et al.. Trends in Ecology & Evolution.  ISSN 0169-5347.  35(11), s 964- 965 . doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.017
• Forsgren, Elisabet; Trannum, Hilde Cecilie; Gundersen, Hege; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Järnegren, Johanna & Kvile, Kristina Øie (2020). Status og trender for hav i Naturindeksen.
• Gundersen, Hege; Forsgren, Elisabet; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Trannum, Hilde Cecilie & Kvile, Kristina Øie (2020). Status og trender for kystvann i Naturindeksen.
• Hancke, Kasper; Gundersen, Hege; Borgersen, Gunhild; d'Auriac, Marc Anglès; Ruus, Anders; Andersen, Guri Sogn & Frigstad, Helene (2020). The Nordic Blue Carbon Project: Updates on the marine carbon cycle and estimates of an overall budget for carbon capture, export and storage in Nordic blue forests.
• Forsgren, Elisabet; Trannum, Hilde Cecilie; Gundersen, Hege; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Järnegren, Johanna & Kvile, Kristina Øie (2020). Naturindeks: Hav.
• Gundersen, Hege; Kvile, Kristina Øie; Forsgren, Elisabet; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon & Trannum, Hilde Cecilie (2020). Naturindeks: Kystvann.
• Forsgren, Elisabet; Trannum, Hilde Cecilie; Gundersen, Hege; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Järnegren, Johanna & Kvile, Kristina Øie (2020). Hav, I: Simon Jakobsson & Bård Pedersen (red.),  Naturindeks for Norge 2020. Tilstand og utvikling for biologisk mangfold.  Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA).  ISBN 978-82-426-4658-3.  3.  s 18 - 28
• Kvile, Kristina Øie; Forsgren, Elisabet; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Trannum, Hilde Cecilie & Gundersen, Hege (2020). Kystvann, I: Simon Jakobsson & Bård Pedersen (red.),  Naturindeks for Norge 2020. Tilstand og utvikling for biologisk mangfold.  Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA).  ISBN 978-82-426-4658-3.  4.  s 29 - 37
• Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn (2020). Et stille rop om havet.. Biolog.  ISSN 0801-0722.  38(3), s 53- 54
• Mentzel, Sophie; Grung, Merete; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Stenrød, Marianne; Petersen, Karina & Moe, S. Jannicke (2020). A Bayesian Network approach to probabilistic risk assessment of pesticide mixtures.
• Mentzel, Sophie; Grung, Merete; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Stenrød, Marianne; Petersen, Karina & Moe, S. Jannicke (2020). Probabilistic risk assessment of pesticides for a Norwegian case study: A Bayesian Network approach.
• Mentzel, Sophie; Grung, Merete; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Stenrød, Marianne; Holten, Roger & Moe, S. Jannicke (2020). Probabilistic risk assessment of pesticides under future agricultural and climate scenarios: A Bayesian Network approach.
• Mentzel, Sophie; Grung, Merete; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Stenrød, Marianne; Petersen, Karina & Moe, S. Jannicke (2020). Probabilistic risk assessment of pesticides under future scenarios: A Bayesian Network approach.
• Mentzel, Sophie; Grung, Merete; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Stenrød, Marianne; Petersen, Karina & Moe, S. Jannicke (2020). A Bayesian network approach for probabilistic risk assessment of pesticides: expanding the binary outcome of risk assessment.
• Kausrud, Kyrre; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Hjelle, Dag (2020). Dette er ikke den siste pesten Coronaviruset rammer hardt i et underfinansiert helsevesen.. VG : Verdens gang.  ISSN 0805-5203.
• Hesthagen, Trygve H.; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn & Økland, Finn (2020). Forekomsten av havniøye i norske elver. Fauna.  ISSN 0014-8881.  73, s 66- 81
• Nielsen, Kaare Magne; Wasteson, Yngvild; Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour; Bergh, Øivind; Eklo, Ole Martin; Joner, Erik; Madslien, Elisabeth Henie; Trosvik, Pål & Ytrehus, Bjørnar (2020). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from an environmental perspective. A short summary of assessments prepared by VKM in the period 2015- 2020.. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020:10, s 1- 36
• Freckleton, Robert; Ellison, Aaron; Liow, Lee Hsiang & OHara, Robert Brian (2020). Ten years of Methods in Ecology and Evolution. Methods in Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2041-210X.  11(1), s 3- 5 . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13344
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; Dennison, Siobhan; Endrestøl, Anders; Gjershaug, Jan Ove & Måren, Inger Elisabeth (2020). Assessment of trade in endangered species under the Norwegian CITES Regulation. Scientific opinion of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020:02, s 1- 181
• Albertsen, Elena; H. Opedal, Øystein; Bolstad, Geir Hysing; Perez-Barrales, Rocio; Hansen, Thomas F; Pelabon, Christophe & Armbruster, William Scott (2020). Using ecological context to interpret spatiotemperal variation in natural selection.
• Vogt, Henrik & Sætre, Glenn-Peter (2020). Kjønnsideologien kan føre til en stor medisinsk-etisk skandale. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Vogt, Henrik & Sætre, Glenn-Peter (2020). En massiv medikalisering av friske kropper. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Vogt, Henrik & Sætre, Glenn-Peter (2020). Kjønn, verdighet og vitenskap. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Hanson, Ingunn; Edin, Nina Frederike J; Thiede, Bernd & Altanerova, Ursula (2020). Communication of radioprotective efects by TGF-β3.
• Viljugrein, Hildegunn (2020). Flått fra sangfugl er farligst..
• Paasche, Øyvind & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Krever vi mer av havet, vil det kreve mer av oss. Forskning.no.  ISSN 1891-635X.
• Che-Castaldo, Judy; Jones, Owen R.; Kendall, Bruce E.; Burns, Jean H.; Childs, Dylan Z.; Ezard, Thomas H.G.; Hernandez-Yanez, Haydee; Hodgson, David J.; Jongejans, Eelke; Knight, Tiffany; Merow, Cory; Ramula, Satu; Stott, Iain; Vindenes, Yngvild; Yokomizo, Hiroyuki & Salguero-Gómez, Roberto (2020). Comments to “Persistent problems in the construction of matrix population models”. Ecological Modelling.  ISSN 0304-3800.  416 . doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108913
• Holme, Jørn Andreas; Låg, Marit; Øvrevik, Johan & Golestani, Karan (2020). Kan luftforurensning øke risikoen for covid-19?. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  140(18), s 1- 3 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0843
• Vandvik, Vigdis; Elvevoll, Edel O.; Finne, Merethe Aasmo; Hofshagen, Merete; Nielsen, Anders; Steffensen, Inger-Lise; Agdestein, Angelika; Bodin, Johanna Eva; Bruzell, Ellen Merete; Hemre, Gro Ingunn; Hessen, Dag Olav; Husøy, Trine; Knutsen, Helle Katrine; Krogdahl, Åshild; Nilsen, Asbjørn Magne; Rafoss, Trond; Strand, Tor A; Skjerdal, Olaug Taran; Velle, Gaute; Wasteson, Yngvild & Alexander, Jan (2020). Uavhengige kunnskapssynteser: grunnlag for kunnskapsbaserte beslutninger i samfunnet. Uttalelse fra hovedkomiteen i Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø (VKM). VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020:03, s 1- 24
• Eftestøl, Einar (2020). Excitation and tension development—The Yin & Yang of muscle signalling. Acta Physiologica.  ISSN 1748-1708.  231(2) . doi: 10.1111/apha.13575
• Giebichenstein, Julia; Gawinski, Christine & Jones, Elizabeth Marie (2020). Instagram account @nansenlegacyresearch.
• Nipen, Maja; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Borgen, Anders; Borgå, Katrine; Jørgensen, Susanne Jøntvedt; Mmochi, Aviti John; Mwakalapa, Eliezer Brown; Schlabach, Martin; Vogt, Rolf David & Breivik, Knut (2020). Spatial trends of chlorinated paraffins and dechloranes in soil and air from Tanzania.
• Ruus, Anders; Helberg, Morten; Knudtzon, Nina Cathrine; Bæk, Kine; Enge, Ellen Katrin & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Emerging and legacy contaminants in two urban herring gull colonies.
• Ruus, Anders; Helberg, Morten; Bæk, Kine; Enge, Ellen Katrin & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Common eider and herring gull as indicators of contaminants in an urban fjord system.
• Gopakumar, Anjali & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Mercury Accumulation in fishes from North-East and North-West Barents Sea during the polar night.
• Nederbragt, Alexander Johan; Harris, Rayna Michelle; Hill, Alison Presmanes & Wilson, Greg (2020). Ten quick tips for teaching with participatory live coding. PLoS Computational Biology.  ISSN 1553-734X.  16(9), s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008090 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Dupont, Nicolas & Seuthe, Lena (ed.) (2020). Polar cod have become larger in the Barents Sea over the last 30 years.
• Nilsen, Ina & Seuthe, Lena (2020). Balanced Harvesting.
• Müller, Malte; Stige, Leif Christian; Gabrielsen, Geir W.; Rinaldo, Øyvind; Knudsen, Stig Morten; Rødven, Rolf; Brussard, Anne Christine & Eldevik, Tor (2020). Arctic Frontiers side event FROM NANSEN LEGACY SCIENCE TO USEFUL KNOWLEDGE FOR SOCIETY.
• Planque, Benjamin; Carroll, JoLynn; Fransner, Filippa; Hansen, Cecilie; Husson, Berengere; Keenlyside, Noel; Lindstrøm, Ulf; Pedersen, Torstein; Primicerio, Raul; Sivel, Elliot Manuarii; Skogen, Morten D.; Stige, Leif Christian & Yoccoz, Nigel (2020). Best practices for ecological model evaluation I : Workshop Report.
• Planque, Benjamin; Aarflot, Johanna Myrseth; Buttay, Luice; Fransner, Filippa; Hansen, Cecilie; Husson, Berengere; Langangen, Øystein; Lindstrøm, Ulf; Nilsen, Ina; Pedersen, Torstein; Primicerio, Raul; Sivel, Elliot Manuarii; Skogen, Morten D.; Strombom, Evelyn & Varpe, Øystein (2020). Best practices for ecological model evaluation II: Workshop Report.
• Ingvaldsen, Randi Brunvær; Bluhm, Bodil; Aberle-Malzahn, Nicole; Amundsen, Rita; Ardelan, Murat Van; Bagøien, Espen; Bratbak, Gunnar; Bratrein, Marius; Chierici, Melissa; descoteux, raphaelle; Dietrich, Ulrike; Divine, Dimitry; Ellingsen, Pål Gunnar; Fransson, Agneta; Halvorsen, Elisabeth; Hoff, Siv Nam Khang; Holm, Else Agnete; Jentoft, Sissel; Jones, Elizabeth Marie; Jørgensen, Lis Lindal; Pedersen, Ronald; Sanchez, Nicolas; Skjoldal, Evy Foss; Stige, Leif Christian; Stippkugel, Angela; Seim, Silje Elisabeth; Supraha, Luka; Steinsland, Asgeir; Svensen, Camilla; Vader, Anna; Vieweg, Ireen; Vonnahme, Tobias R. & Åström, Emmelie (2020). Joint Cruise 1-2 2018: Cruise Report.
• Vogt, Yngve & Stige, Leif Christian (2020). Klimaendringene forstyrrer økobalansen i Barentshavet. Apollon : Forskningsmagasin for Universitetet i Oslo.  ISSN 0803-6926.
• Vogt, Yngve & Edvardsen, Bente (2020). Varmere hav endrer algesamfunnet i Arktis. Apollon : Forskningsmagasin for Universitetet i Oslo.  ISSN 0803-6926.
• Vogt, Yngve & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Klimaendringer og miljøgifter er dårlig kombo. Apollon : Forskningsmagasin for Universitetet i Oslo.  ISSN 0803-6926.
• Edvardsen, Bente; Supraha, Luka; Gran-Stadniczeñko, Sandra; Eikrem, Wenche & John, Uwe (2020). An in-depth study of Chrysochromulina leadbeateri bloom in northern Norway during spring 2019. Vis sammendrag

  The toxic algal bloom of the haptophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri in spring 2019 was the largest bloom of this species in Norwegian waters and worldwide ever recorded. Starting in the Vestfjorden area in northern Norway during early May and expanding north to Balsfjorden and Tromsø area, the bloom caused a major mortality of farmed salmon, with over 13 000 tonns of fish reported as lost during the outbreak. The C. leadbeateri bloom in northern Norway was studied in-depth in frame of a research cruise led by Alfred Wegener Institute (Germany) and in collaboration with the University of Oslo. The cruise focused on studies of phytoplankton diversity, distribution and functional ecology in several fjord systems along the northern Norwegian coast (Lofoten-Vesterålen area, Balsfjorden, Lyngen, Porsangerfjorden, Laksefjorden, Tanafjorden). Biological and environmental data collected during the cruise allowed for detailed analyses of the blooming organism, its distribution patterns in northern Norway, and its ecology. Cultures of C. leadbeateri isolated from the bloom were used to determine the morphology, taxonomic identity, and phylogenetic placement of the organism, and to compare it with a C. leadbeateri strain isolated from the previous major bloom in 1991. Metabarcoding data, light microscopy counts and flow cytometry data were used to map the distribution and abundance of the species along the coast of northern Norway, and correlate its distribution with biotic and abiotic parameters. Preliminary results show that the blooming organism is genetically identical in marker genes to the strain from the bloom in Vestfjorden in 1991. However, both strains and C. leadbeateri in field material exhibit significant intraspecific genetic variability. Biogeographic mapping shows that the bloom was most pronounced in the Balsfjorden area, with maximum cell concentration of over 27 million cells L-1. From an ecological perspective, C. leadbeateri abundance showed positive correlation with phosphate and nitrate, negative correlation with salinity and a slightly positive correlation with temperature. The results of our work provide a unique, in-depth insight into C. leadbeateri blooms, which may help in the monitoring, modelling and predicting similar events in the future. Ongoing work in our group focus on physiological and genetic profiling of the isolated C. leadbeateri strains with the aim to improve our understanding of factors triggering toxicity and bloom formation.

• Edvardsen, Bente (2020). Norsk algekultursamling (NORCCA) - en verdifull ressurs for innovasjon.
• Nilsen, Ina & Nyvoll, Jørn Berger (2020). Can we predict invasion from south when the Barents Sea gets warmer by modeling?.
• Giebichenstein, Julia (2020). Skype a scientist - Arctic Biology.
• Giebichenstein, Julia (2020). Meet a Marine Biologist Monday - An Arctic Marine Biologist.
• Falnes, Pål Øystein (2020). Novel human methyltransferases - roles in mitochondrial respiration, protein synthesis and beyond.
• Linke, Dirk (2020). LPS-Binding Peptides: New Tools for Endotoxin Detection and Removal?.
• Munday, Philip L.; Dixson, Danielle L.; Welch, Megan J; Chivers, Douglas P.; Domenici, Paolo; Grosell, Martin; Heuer, Rachael M.; Jones, Geoffrey Paul; McCormick, Mark I.; Meekan, Mark; Nilsson, Göran Erik; Ravasi, Timothy & Watson, Sue-Ann (2020). Methods matter in repeating ocean acidification studies. Nature.  ISSN 0028-0836.  586, s E20- E24 . doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2803-x
• Molværsmyr, Sindre; Follestad, Arne & Helberg, Morten (2020). Fuglebevegelser til Norge med risiko for innføring av fugleinfluensa. Med fokus på måker og gjess. NINA rapport. 1935. Vis sammendrag

  Fugleinfluensa, fugletrekk, smittespredning, svartbak, gråmåke, kortnebbgås, grågås, hvitkinngås, tundragås, ringmerking, fargemerking, halsring, - Avian flu, bird migration, spread of infection, great black-backed gull, herring gull, pink-footed goose, greylag goose, barnacle goose, greater white-fronted goose, bird ringing, color ringing, neck bands

• ter Schure, Anneke (2020). How to dig up the past using ancient DNA.
• Hamilton, Brett R.; Schendel, Vanessa; Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste; Oetjen, Janina; Ly, Alice & Wepf, Roger A. (2020). Imaging venom peptides and proteins at high mass resolution, high lateral resolution and high speed using the timsTOF fleX. bruker.com.  s 1- 6
• Dupont, Nicolas (ed.) (2020). Global warming makes polar cod grow larger in the Arctic Barents Sea.
• Ruus, Anders; Bæk, Kine; Rundberget, Thomas; Allan, Ian; Beylich, Bjørnar; Vogelsang, Christian; Schlabach, Martin; Götsch, Arntraut; Borgå, Katrine & Helberg, Morten (2020). Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2019. NIVA-rapport. 7555. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This programme, “Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord” has covered sampling and analyses of sediment and organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord, in addition to samples of blood and eggs from herring gull. The programme also included inputs of pollutants via surface water (storm water), and effluent water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant. The bioaccumulation potential of the contaminants in the Oslo fjord food web was evaluated. The exposure to/accumulation of the contaminants was also assessed in birds. A vast number of chemical parameters have been quantified, in addition to some biological effect parameters in cod, and the report serves as a status description of the concentrations of these chemicals in different compartments of the Inner Oslofjord marine ecosystem.

• Linke, Dirk (2020, 01. desember). Norsk kobber inn i kampen mot koronaviruset: verdens første selvrensende munnbind. [Internett].  Nordox website.
• Linke, Dirk (2020, 04. desember). Dette munnbindet skal drepe koronaviruset. [Internett].  TV2 website. Vis sammendrag

  This interview is about the antimicrobial effect of copper particles in facemasks

• Hammerstad, Marta; Gudim, Ingvild & Hersleth, Hans-Petter (2020). The Crystal Structures of Bacillithiol Disulfide Reductase YpdA Reveal Structural and Functional Insight into a New Type of FAD-Containing NADPH-Dependent Oxidoreductases.
• Giebichenstein, Julia; Gopakumar, Anjali; Varpe, Øystein; Andersen, Tom; Gabrielsen, Geir W. & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Seasonal Variation of Mercury in an Arctic Marine Food Web.
• Hu, Xian & Margadant, Felix Martin (2020). Methods and Biological Applications of MechanoBiology.
• Hu, Xian (2020). Biological Applications of MechanoBiology.
• Gundersen, Madeleine Stenshorne; Morelan, Ian; Andersen, Tom; Bakke, Ingrid & Vadstein, Olav (2020). The effect of periodical disturbances on selection and drift in bacterial communities.
• Atmore, Lane (2020). What is Nature? A Personal and Theoretical Journey.
• Oomen, Rebekah Alice & Hutchings, Jeffrey (2020). Evolution of Reaction Norms, In Douglas J. Futuyma (ed.),  Oxford Bibliographies in Evolutionary Biology.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 9780199941728.  Evolution of Reaction Norms.
• Campaña Perilla, Ana Lucia; Joudeh, Nadeem; Høyer, Henrik; Røyne, Anja; Linke, Dirk & Mikheenko, Pavlo (2020). Probing van der Waals and magnetic forces in bacteria with magnetic nanoparticles. Vis sammendrag

  Bioinspired metal-based nanoparticles have potential uses in many applications, but before a possible commercial exploitation, it is important to clarify the pathways of their production and deposition inside the organisms, for example in bacteria. The technique of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) could be used to evaluate the nanoparticles magnetic properties, in addition to allowing tracing their location inside or outside of bacteria, which could help to understand pathways of their biosynthesis. In this work, using MFM and analyzing the interaction of magnetic tip with nanoparticles and bacteria imbedded in resin at different heights above the surface, and comparing gradients of forces recorded by magnetic and non-magnetic tips, a condition was found, which allows to measure pure magnetic response of Pd-Fe nanoparticles. For these nanoparticles, the interplay between magnetic and van der Waals forces is described at small distances to the surface. Experimental data are compared with simulations, based on the calculation of the distribution of magnetic field around a nanoparticle, which defines magnetic force acting on the MFM tip.

• Claxton, James; Joudeh, Nadeem; Røyne, Anja; Linke, Dirk & Mikheenko, Pavlo (2020). Sequential magnetic mapping of bacteria loaded with Pd-Fe nanoparticles. Vis sammendrag

  Magnetic nanoparticles are of widespread use in nanotechnology. One of the most unusual are magnetic palladium nanoparticles that combine magnetism with high catalytic activity. These nanoparticles could be obtained biologically by exposing bacteria to a palladium salt. Due to their small size and weak magnetism, however, it is challenging to measure their magnetic properties. One of the solutions to enhance their magnetism is to incorporate a small amount of iron atoms into them. After this procedure, the nanoparticles together with bacteria can be embedded in resin and characterized by the technique of magnetic force microscopy. This technique allows imaging cross-sections of the bacteria with nanoparticles, but cannot give information from the depth of the sample. Here we report on an approach partially solving this problem. Its novelty lies in measurements of consecutive thin slices of resin, which allows mapping cross-sections of individual bacteria and different parts of the material surrounding the same bacterium. An interesting observed feature is the formation of magnetic chains of nanoparticles outside of the bacteria.

• Ims, Rolf Anker; Yoccoz, Nigel; Sæther, Bernt-Erik & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Naturovervåkingen i Norge må trappes kraftig opp. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Konestabo, Heidi Sjursen; Birkemoe, Tone; Leinaas, Hans Petter; van Gestel, Cornelis A.M. & Borgå, Katrine (2020). How does a widely used neonicotinoid affect the soil fauna under natural field conditions?.
• Linke, Dirk (2020). Palladium nanoparticles made by bacteria.
• Oomen, Rebekah Alice; Thorbjørnsen, Susanna Huneide; Goodwin, Morten & Stenseth, Nils Christian (2020). Torsken vår bruker antakelig sørlandsdialekt. Agderposten.  ISSN 0805-3723. Vis sammendrag

  FORSKNINGSDAGENE: Unike dialekter blant fiskene kan hjelpe torsk til å velge partnere som ligner den selv.

• Paus-Knudsen, Julie Sørlie (2020, 06. oktober). Natur i endring. [TV].  NRK. Vis sammendrag

  Er den norske naturen slik vi kjenner den i ferd med å forsvinne? Hva skjer med insektene, fisken, skogen og fjellnaturen når klimaet endrer seg? Julie Sørlie Paus-Knudsen forsker på humler og vil ut i naturlandskapet for å finne ut hvorfor insektene forsvinenr. Det hun finner er et landskap som knapt er til å kjenne igjen fra den gang det var beite og slåttemarker overalt. Norsk naturserie fra 2020.

• Hu, Xian; Bösl, Korbinian & Bakke, Oddmund (2020). How to Manage Microscopy Research Data ELIXIR Norway , BioMedData, NorMIC, NALMIN. Vis sammendrag

  Funding from major funding agencies including the Norwegian Research Council and the European Research Council is now coupled to the successful planning and implementation of Data management. In addition to obtaining funding and get your research published in an high impact factor journal, good data management also yields the potential to make research more efficient, facilitate collaboration and to save time and resources. NALMIN and ELIXIR will host a satellite data management zoom seminar to introduce the following topics. 1. Introduction of data format of optical microscopy data 2. How to make your microscopy based research FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) and meet the newest requirements of funders and publishers. 3. How to find other FAIR microscopy data for your research. 4. Where to find assistance and/or training on research data management

• Lu, Dabao Sun; Skrede, Inger; Kauserud, Håvard; Navarro, David Peris; Maurice, Sandy; Ravinet, Mark & Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik (2020). Population genomics of Trichaptum abietinum - a window into fungal speciation.
• Peris, David; Alexander, William G; Fisher, Kaitlin; Moriarty, Ryan Victoria; Basuino, Mira G; Ubbelohde, Emily J; Ramírez Aroca, Lainy; Pérez Través, Laura; Barrio, Eladio; Querol, Amparo; Wrobel, Russel L & Hittinger, Chris Todd (2020). Combining and improving phenotypic traits through the generation of synthetic two- and six-species yeast hybrids.
• Dabao Sun, Lu; Kauserud, Håvard; Maurice, Sundy; Peris, David; Ravinet, Mark; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik & Skrede, Inger (2020). Population genomics of Trichaptum abietinum – a window into fungal speciation.
• Peris, David; Alexander, William G; Fisher, Kaitlin; Moriarty, Ryan Victoria; Basuino, Mira G; Ubbelohde, Emily J; Wrobel, Russell L & Hittinger, Chris Todd (2020). Synthetic hybrids of six yeast species.
• Lu, Dabao Sun; Skrede, Inger; Kauserud, Håvard; Navarro, David Peris; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Maurice, Sandy & Ravinet, Mark (2020). Population genomics of Trichaptum abietinum - a window into fungal speciation.
• Hess, Jaqueline; Balasundaram, Sudhagar; Bakkemo, Reneè Isabel; Drula, Elodie; Henrissat, Bernard; Högberg, Nils; Eastwood, Daniel C. & Skrede, Inger (2020). Niche differentiation underlies evolution of the wood decay machinery in the invasive fungus Serpula lacrymans.

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